Re: OT: Music player with substantial speakers than can play things like mp3, wav files from an SD card or USB pendrive

[Dominic Knight]

On Thu, 2021-06-17 at 19:50 -0400, rhkra...@gmail.com wrote:
> I'd like to find a fairly large (I mean not a tiny hand held thing
> that uses
> batteries and has tiny controls) music player that can play things
> like mp3,
> wav and other music files from either an SD card or a USB pendrive.
>
> I'd prefer to be able to plug it in to a 120vac power source (ie.,
> not use
> batteries) and have at least one of:
>
>    * fairly large speakers for good sound
>    * output jack for headphones
>    * outputs that can connect to a "standard" audio amplifier /
> speaker setup
>
> I'd like to find something prebuilt, rather than making configuring
> something
> myself from anything like a Raspberry Pi.
>
> I'd like the controls to be on the order of the size (and style) of
> those on a
> "standard" stereo system.  (I mean, among other things, I don't want
> tiny
> controls, nor do I want to have to use a keyboard and monitor.)
>
> I've done a little bit of googling and searching on ebay without
> turning up
> anything.
>
> (There are things that would be nice to have, like if I'm playing
> music from
> an SD with 100 or more songs, it can remember where I left off when I
> turned it
> off and start from the next song when I power it on).
>
> Is anyone (on here) aware of something like that?
>
You could use a large buttoned bluetooth speaker (or one with Jack in)
connected to a USB music player that fits with all your other
requirements except button size, many are controllable from the
speakers end, this might be a different approach to the problem as you
then just have to find the music player that fits your other needs.

If your USB music player had jack out it could then be used for
headphones or a stereo systems input.

Agptek are one manufacturer of USB music players that comes to mind,
these normally support flac/mp3/wav amongst others.

Re: MATE desktop - changing icon of a Launcher

[Dominic Knight]

On Tue, 2021-03-23 at 09:26 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> I've been use MATE almost since it came out.
> IIRC I used to use a series of mouse clicks to determine the file
> name
> {including path} of the current icon.
>
> On my current systems {one Stretch, one Buster} if I:

I am using Bullseye and Mate, for clarity, my icons are all on
taskbars, none are on the desktop.

>   1. right click on the Launcher
>   2. select properties
>   3. left click on the current icon
>
> I get a "Select Custom Icon" menu. In it I can select a directory to
> search and it will display a list of available icons in that
> directory.
>
I get "Choose an icon"

> But I need to know the complete path to the current icon.

The path to the current (icon) directory is listed above the icons you
can select from. You would have to note this down as it is not possible
to select it for cut and paste purposes.

> I can get the desired information by opening the launcher with a text
> editor. {I want a "mouse click" method to obtain the information as
> I'm
> setting up a system for a very novice user.}
>
> Suggestions?
> TIA
>


No help I know but it does not currently seem possible to do exactly
what you require.
Cheers,
Dom

Re: Unity3d apps slow

[Dominic Knight]

On Fri, 2021-01-08 at 14:53 +0100, Hans wrote:
>
> I have an older notebook with a nvidia graphics card (GF 8600M) and
> usinmg the
> proprietrary nvidia driver, which is *-legacy-340xx-*.
>
So around 2007 - 2010 ?

> Most applications (i.e. games) are running fast with opengl
> acceleration (60
> FPS). But all games made with Unity3d are running very, very slow
> (10FPS).
>
> So my questions, I could not find a solution in the web:
>
> 1. Is this a configuration problem or a hardware issue, that unity is
> so slow?
>
Hardware issue

> 2. If it is a configuration problem, what do I have to install or to
> configure?
>
> 3. If it is a hardware issue, what hardware do I need, that Unity3d-
> games are
> supported and running smooth?
>
Depends on what you are trying to run, for newer versions of games such
as Empyrion or 7DTD (both developed betweeen 2013-2021), wich are both
Unity you will need 16Gb memory, something like a NVidia 1660 super or
better and a chip with 8 or more cores and a clock speed around 3.4 Gz
or better. Less code intensive games would require lower specs.

> 4. If none above, can I and if yes, how can I force to run games made
> with
> Unity3d run with opengl?
>
You can't, the terms mean different things, Unity is a game Engine
while Open GL is a framework to run code on. (Simplistically).

> Thank you for your halp and any answers. Even, if it is not possible
> to change
> speed, evry information let me learn more.
>
> Best regards
>
> Hans

Re: Backup Times on a Linux desktop

[Dominic Knight]

On Sat, 2019-11-02 at 20:24 +0100, Konstantin Nebel wrote:
> Hi,
>
>

> dual boot and Windows on default (for games, shame on me) and I might
> switch
> cause first Gaming on Linux is really becoming rly good and second I
> could buy

Missing out answers to your question :)
Yes Gaming on Linux is becoming really good, running Flatpak Steam on
Debian testing and only one game for Linux I have is dead (and that
might well work if I really bothered), less than 0.5 %. Proton also
works very well, the few Windows games I have run as well and some
times better than their target OS.

Cheers,
Dom.

Re: GeForce GT 710 on debian

[Dominic Knight]

On Sat, 2019-08-10 at 11:39 -0500, Mark Allums wrote:
> On 8/10/2019 11:16 AM, Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> > On Sb, 10 aug 19, 16:57:06, Jonas Hedman wrote:
> > > Hi, my monitor (Samsung S22F350FHU 22"") doesn't play nicely with
> > > my
> > > with my ThinkCentre M92p. I tried to mess with setting, and
> > > I got it to work somewhat ok-ish but the picture is still a
> > > little blurry and I got small black vertical lines on
> > > both sides.
> > What kind of cable are you using? If VGA switch to HDMI instead.
> >
> > See if the monitor has an auto-adjust or similar function in the
> > menu.
> >
> > Kind regards,
> > Andrei
>
> My guess is that what OP refers to as  "black lines on both sides"
> is
> probably just letterboxing/pillarboxing.  I guess the aspect ratio
> is
> set to something narrower than the monitor, and that simply
> adjusting
> the resolution is all that is needed.
>
>
> Mark

When I switched tv's I had something like this and it just required
setting the tv's mode to 'pc' for that input.

Re: Where'd lsb-compat go?

[Dominic Knight]

On Thu, 2019-07-11 at 13:48 -0500, Kent West wrote:
> Two issues:
>
>
> 1) I have several Debian boxes running as kiosks, and reporting to a
> centralized Quest-branded "Systems Management Appliance" (SMA). With
> a
> recent update to the SMA, the Debian boxes stopped reporting in.
> After
> several weeks, I finally discovered that the installation of
> "lsb-compat" on several of them restored their functionality. Today,
> when I go to install "lsb-compat" on the other's, I find it's no
> longer
> available in Buster. Has it been deprecated? Why? Any ideas how I'm
> going to get my boxes reporting again to the SMA (what does "lsb-
> compat"

**
The Linux Standard Base (http://www.linuxbase.org/) was a standard
core system that third-party applications written for Linux could
depend upon.

This package provides the most minimal layer to be able to install and
run selected legacy LSB packages on Debian.
**

(untested) Maybe temporarily set your sources to old stable or stretch
and pick it up from there (then reset them of course).

I could only guess when you installed on the other boxes it was set to
stable (stretch) which was then stable but is now buster.

Re: What to buy for Buster?

[Dominic Knight]

On Thu, 2019-05-23 at 19:24 +, Erik Josefsson wrote:
> On 5/23/19 4:59 PM, Joe wrote:
> > On Thu, 23 May 2019 15:17:15 +
> > Erik Josefsson  wrote:
> >
> > > Thanks all for feedback, help and answers to many of my
> > > questions,
> > > but I feel my available time and my skills put together won't
> > > meet
> > > the threshold for being able to contribute to Debian in any
> > > meaningful way for another year or two.
> > >
> > > I'll have to go back to piggybacking, as I have done for decades.
> > >
> > > As such a piggyback, I'd anyway like to ask if anyone would know
> > > a
> > > reasonably powerful second hand stationary office computer that
> > > can
> > > run a Debian Buster Pure Blend from a net install? No need for
> > > wireless, I will just connect with ethernet cable.
> >
Buster runs well on both my Dell's, one, a twin core 2008 with 4gb ram
is ideal for pottering about on. Does all the office stuff.
The other a 2012 Dell (precision T1650 if you want to compare specs)
Intel® Xeon(R) CPU E3-1240 V2 @ 3.40GHz × 8 with 16gb ram, root on solid state 
and home on hard drives, runs all the steam and GoG games I throw at it too, 
often with better performance than under windows. Also streams them to twitch 
perfectly so plenty of spare performance.

Both bought second hand, the first you can get for around £30 or so
second hand. The other maybe around £600 these days.

> >
> > > I don't know more than that I should avoid Nvidia.
> > >
Why? Both of these have Nvidia cards and I have never had an
insurmountable problem yet and they have both been running Buster for
over two years.

> > >
> > Always difficult to advise, so many computers, so few recent ones
> > listed as Linux-compatible. All I can offer is that I've never had
> > problems with HP business desktops,
>
> Thanks a million! I'm not a gamer, would this machine be OK you
> think?
>
> https://www.bluecity.se/hp-compaq-8200-elite-sff-2-50ghz-250gb-hdd-windows-10-8gb-ram-svart-50074
>
> It's on the shelf for sale just down town, so I could buy it
> tomorrow!
>
Don't know how that prices in ££'s but the spec seems fine for Buster.

Re: Cannot re-install synaptic on Buster.

[Dominic Knight]

On Mon, 2019-04-15 at 01:24 -0400, Kieran Smyth wrote:
> Hi,
>
> For reasons unknown to me, synaptic uninstalled itself about three
> weeks ago. I am using Buster on the desktop, with MATE as my desktop
> environment.
>
> When i open up a terminal and try to re-install it, i get the
> following-
> SNIP
>
> I like using a GUI frontend to apt, and if anyone can help me get it
> back on my system i'd really appreciate it.
>
> Thank you in advance for any help that may be provided.
>
> - Kieran

The good news is that someone has filed a patch that works around these
issues with Wayland. So it should be back for other GUI users with a
failure message for Wayland users once it is passed through
experimental (in time for Buster release).

Re: 'synaptic' removed from buster

[Dominic Knight]

On Sat, 2019-04-06 at 19:56 +1100, David wrote:
> On Sat, 6 Apr 2019 at 19:08, Curt  wrote:
> > My impression from my general reading here is quite a few people
> > rely on
> > the synaptic package manager. I use apt-get; it's pie-like
> > simplicity
> > comforts me.
>
> Speaking in very broad terms to make a general and somewhat
> obvious point, we could say that Gnome and synaptic are examples of
> tools written by experts to assist lower-expertise users.
>
> It follows that most more-expert users (apart from the developers)
> tend
> not to use these kind of tools themselves. So support channels like
> this one
> and IRC tend to lack people who are able to answer questions based
> on their own use of these tools, because they don't use, or even care
> about, these kind of tools.
>
> I have seen this in IRC. People join there to ask questions
> about Gnome for example, but no-one providing support in the
> channel is actually using Gnome themselves, because they prefer more
> sophisticatedenvironments, even though it's the default GUI for
> Debian
> that all the newbie questioners are using.
>
> Newbie asks "how do I do X in Gnome" ... and no-one there knows the
> answer :)
> This might be less of an issue in other distros than it is in Debian.
>
> > Thing is, beyond its innate and fundamental heresy (a gui app
> > running as
> > root!), synaptic is the only GUI package manager available in
> > Debian
> > AFAIK (I'm uncertain whether kpackage is defunct or not).
>
> If I understand correctly, Reco mentioned another one earlier in the
> thread ...
>
> On Fri, 5 Apr 2019 at 00:02, Reco  wrote:
> > The *unofficial* one is the existence of "gnome-packagekit". The
> > thing
> > needs users, and this is one of the ways of getting them.
>
> https://packages.debian.org/buster/gnome-packagekit
> https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-packagekit/stable/intro.html.en
>
> I know nothing about it, I never tried it :)
> I prefer using shell tools for package management.
>
> I certainly do use some GUI tools. 'meld' for example, for side-by-
> side
> diffs. If that was dropped from buster then I would notice :)
>
Lets take a look at installing gnome-packagekit and dependencies in
Buster;

Retrieving bug reports... Done
Parsing Found/Fixed information... Done
serious bugs of unattended-upgrades (→ 1.11) 
 b2 - #905877 - regression in 1.4: upgrades random packages from
testing to experimental (doesn't respect pinning?)
Summary:
 unattended-upgrades(1 bug)


Then again perhaps not just yet

Re: Making a modal window

[Dominic Knight]

On Sun, 2018-12-09 at 19:54 +, Brian wrote:
> On Sun 09 Dec 2018 at 14:47:39 -0500, Cindy-Sue Causey wrote:
> 
> > On 12/9/18, Brian  wrote:
> > > On Sun 09 Dec 2018 at 13:27:21 -0500, Gene Heskett wrote:
> > > > First, I fail to see why you should even be able to lock a
> > > > computer away
> > > > from its user. Thats the first question thatought to be
> > > > answered.
> > > 
> > > A voice of sanity.
> > > 
> > > Whatever is behind the idea, it is about as nonsensical and
> > > unsophisticted
> > > as it gets.
> > 
> > I *did* scratch my head as to why a simple login doesn't suffice,
> > but
> > I can see a really good use/dire need for parents. The.. garbage
> > I'm
> > experiencing here in North Georgia... Children of ALL ages are
> > being
> > targeted CONSTANTLY. It would be nice to find something that helped
> > parents better control children's access to their own tech
> > equipment
> 
> Sorry about this, but what you say sounds like a Trump twitter.
> Except
> it is much more articulated.

As it seems they only want it to run one program - unminimsable, maybe
some kiosk type application - possibly look at how matchbox works. A
distinct lack of information to go on in the question though.

Dom

Re: Problem updating to Buster - gparted effectively MIA

[Dominic Knight]

On Sun, 2018-10-07 at 19:23 +0100, Brian wrote:
> On Sun 07 Oct 2018 at 15:33:09 +0100, Brian wrote:
> 
> > On Sun 07 Oct 2018 at 08:14:05 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> > 
> > > It was recommended that I update to Buster.
> > > I started with Debian 9.1.0 installed from purchased DVD1.
> > > [MATE desktop]
> > > I edited sources.list to access online repository.
> > > I then followed the instructions at
> > > [linuxconfig.org/how-to-upgrade-debian-9-stretch-to-debian-10-
> > > buster]
> > > as it had everything conveniently shown.
> > > 
> > > Everything appeared to go normally up to a point well into the
> > > actual
> > > downloading of the Buster packages. I temporarily lost my
> > > internet
> > > connection. After reconnecting apt-get gave an error message
> > > suggesting I
> > > use "--fix-missing" IIRC.
> > > 
> > > It appeared to work and boot correctly.
> > > 
> > > However Gparted no longer appears in the System->Administration
> > > menu
> > > although Synaptic shows it as installed. I blindly chose to tell
> > > Synaptic to
> > > reinstall it.
> > > 
> > > I installed stretch to another partition which I'm using now.
> > > Is the Buster install repairable?
> > 
> > Does gparted run from a terminal?
> 
> It does?
> 
> A missing menu entry is hardly a show-stopper.
> 
It moved in Buster (Mate version of GUI) from system->admin to
Applications->system tools.
Try there.

Re: How to react on a factually wrong Debian wiki change ?

[Dominic Knight]

On Sat, 2018-09-29 at 08:59 +, Curt wrote:
> On 2018-09-28, Thomas Schmitt  wrote:
> > This is not "unreliable" it is "clueless".
> > Insofar Curt's proposal is technically more correct.
> > But actually i see no improvement over my shorter statement.
> > (Maybe it's better english, but it's not better message.)
> 
> I thought nobody said "should better not be used," but sticking that
> quoted
> phrase in a search engine produces over 12,000 hits.
> 
So 12,000 people can be wrong :)

Just altering the word order gives more clarity to the statement.

"should be better not used" While still not entirely correct implies
less of a threat. 

"(it) better not be used (or)" - "the computer gods will frot you"

"would be better not used" may be correct depending on the rest of the
context.

Maybe an implicit threat of resulting danger needs to be implied?

Cheers
Dom.


> Doubts now linger in my mind as to whether I haven't used up a lot of
> electrons
> for nothing.
> 
> There's so many of them, though, I guess frugality isn't an issue
> (unless
> Wheeler was right, and I've sent the one zipping all over the place).
> 
> Out.
> 
> > Have a nice day :)
> > 
> > Thomas
> > 
> > 
> 
> 

Re: Distinguish instances of GUI file manager by color

[Dominic Knight]

On Wed, 2018-09-26 at 06:47 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> On 09/26/2018 06:24 AM, Dan Purgert wrote:
> > Richard Owlett wrote:
> > > [...]
> > > Also your phraseology joggled my thought process. Perhaps "file
> > > manager"
> > > hints at much more power than I  need. I only wish to _move_
> > > files.
> > > Which got me thinking that Tcl/Tk may be appropriate. I'll
> > > experiment
> > > with mc first.
> > 
> > Or perhaps just bash?  Although, your situation may have too many
> > clauses to really decide how/where something goes easily in a
> > script.
> > 
> 
> My essential need for a GUI is to select with a mouse click.
> I've just downloaded it and browsed the man page.
> I think mc will work.
> 
> On my laptop the default font size is unsuitably small.
> A quick web search revealed that is not a mc parameter.
> It is a function of the terminal emulator used. I have a MATE
> desktop. 
> How do I determine what terminal emulator is in use?
> 
Years ago I used to put this in an ~/.Xresources file that would change
the font sizes for _all_ the terminals.

Xft.dpi: 96
Xft.antialias: true
Xft.rgba: rgb
Xft.hinting: true
Xft.hintstyle: hintslight

Might still do the job for you.

Dom.

Re: OT high-power radio broadcasting (was Re: red SATA cable corruption)

[Dominic Knight]

On Tue, 2018-09-18 at 16:13 -0500, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
> Brian -
> Are you British?
> Reading your reply was like reading a Monty Python script. If such
> existed.
> 
That's just normal for us Brits.
In the late sixties we were somewhat miffed to discover that our
excellent, serious, documentary on British class systems "The Flying
Circus" was considered to be comedy in other parts of the world :)

Re: recovering a partition table

[Dominic Knight]

On Fri, 2018-09-07 at 14:25 -0700, Jimmy Johnson wrote:
> On 09/07/2018 02:06 PM, Dominic Knight wrote:
> > On Fri, 2018-09-07 at 13:02 -0700, Jimmy Johnson wrote:
> > > On 09/07/2018 12:19 PM, Eike Lantzsch wrote:
> > > > On Friday, September 7, 2018 5:34:00 PM -04 Dominic Knight
> > > > wrote:
> > > > > Whilst trying to create one partition out of two (using
> > > > > disks)  I
> > > > > appear to have accidentally deleted the partition table of
> > > > > (almost) the whole drive.
> > 
> > 
> > > > Then diverse methods for partition table recovery are open to
> > > > you.
> > > > All the best
> > > > E.L.
> > > 
> > > 
> > > What the Doctor ordered:
> > > How to Recover a Disk Partition with TestDisk and GParted Live
> > >   
> > > 
> > 
> > 
https://ubuverse.com/recover-a-disk-partition-with-testdisk-and-gparted-live/
> > >   
> > 
> > It seems the problem was that it wasn't really deleted at all, just
> > 'disks' (the software program) being a bit useless and saying it
> > was. I
> > had wondered what I had done to cause it as I was fairly certain I
> > had
> > double checked what I was doing. I had deleted one partition ready
> > to
> > expand another into it when 'disks' decided to play a trick on me.
> > 
> > Slightly worrying when it tells you there is one big empty drive,
> > and then gpart reporting this
> > 
> >   Warning: more than 4 primary partitions: 6.
> > Partition(Linux swap or Solaris/x86): primary
> > Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary
> > Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary
> > Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary
> > Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): invalid primary
> > Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): invalid primary
> > Ok.
> > 
> > is a bug in that piece of software?
> > 
> > There is actually one primary and one extended all are ext4.
> > 
> > gparted reports all is good.
> > Risked a reboot and everything is just fine.
> > 
> > Thanks
> > Dom.
> 
> 
> It looks like the logical partition has been removed, I don't think
> I've 
> seen that before.  And rebooting brought it back, lucky you. :)

It hadn't actually been removed, 'disks' was reporting incorrectly. I
was very careful not to reboot until after I was 95% certain it was
there and gparted confirmed it. I combined the two partitions I wanted
to so, primary is swap and extended is still all the rest however gpart
still says:

root@goodoldmusic:~# gpart /dev/sdb

Begin scan...
Possible partition(Linux swap), size(9536mb), offset(1mb)
Possible partition(Linux ext2), size(953673mb), offset(9538mb)
Possible partition(Linux ext2), size(476836mb), offset(963212mb)
Possible partition(Linux ext2), size(47683mb), offset(1440049mb)
Possible partition(Linux ext2), size(419996mb), offset(1487733mb)
End scan.

Checking partitions...

* Warning: more than 4 primary partitions: 5.
Partition(Linux swap or Solaris/x86): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): invalid primary 
Ok.

So I would say still a misreport from gpart and 'disks' (in Buster) is
just somehow broken and risky to use.

Re: recovering a partition table

[Dominic Knight]

On Fri, 2018-09-07 at 13:02 -0700, Jimmy Johnson wrote:
> On 09/07/2018 12:19 PM, Eike Lantzsch wrote:
> > On Friday, September 7, 2018 5:34:00 PM -04 Dominic Knight wrote:
> > > Whilst trying to create one partition out of two (using disks)  I
> > > appear to have accidentally deleted the partition table of
> > > (almost) the whole drive.

> > Then diverse methods for partition table recovery are open to you.
> > All the best
> > E.L.
> 
> 
> What the Doctor ordered:
> How to Recover a Disk Partition with TestDisk and GParted Live
>  
> 
https://ubuverse.com/recover-a-disk-partition-with-testdisk-and-gparted-live/
>  

It seems the problem was that it wasn't really deleted at all, just
'disks' (the software program) being a bit useless and saying it was. I
had wondered what I had done to cause it as I was fairly certain I had
double checked what I was doing. I had deleted one partition ready to
expand another into it when 'disks' decided to play a trick on me.

Slightly worrying when it tells you there is one big empty drive,
and then gpart reporting this

 Warning: more than 4 primary partitions: 6.
Partition(Linux swap or Solaris/x86): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): invalid primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): invalid primary 
Ok.

is a bug in that piece of software?

There is actually one primary and one extended all are ext4.

gparted reports all is good. 
Risked a reboot and everything is just fine.

Thanks
Dom.

recovering a partition table

[Dominic Knight]

Whilst trying to create one partition out of two (using disks)  I
appear to have accidentally deleted the partition table of (almost) the
whole drive. It still has the swap partition and an unknown partition
of zero size apparently with 2tb of freespace. It was 10gb swap, 1tb,
50 gb, and two at roughly 500gb each at the end.

How do I recover the original partition table?

This is what gpart says but the partitions were ext4 so would like to
know if writing this will be OK and indeed how to write it considering
the reported errors further below. It seems to not understand the
extended partitions they sat in.

root@goodoldmusic:~# gpart /dev/sdb

Begin scan...
Possible partition(Linux swap), size(9536mb), offset(1mb)
Possible partition(Linux ext2), size(953673mb), offset(9538mb)
Possible partition(Linux ext2), size(476836mb), offset(963212mb)
Possible partition(Linux ext2), size(47683mb), offset(1440049mb)
Possible partition(Linux ext2), size(190733mb), offset(1487733mb)
Possible partition(Linux ext2), size(229261mb), offset(1678468mb)
End scan.

Checking partitions...

* Warning: more than 4 primary partitions: 6.
Partition(Linux swap or Solaris/x86): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): invalid primary 
Partition(Linux ext2 filesystem): invalid primary 
Ok.

Guessed primary partition table:
Primary partition(1)
   type: 130(0x82)(Linux swap or Solaris/x86)
   size: 9536mb #s(19529728) s(2048-19531775)
   chs:  (0/32/33)-(1023/254/63)d (0/32/33)-(1215/203/12)r

Primary partition(2)
   type: 131(0x83)(Linux ext2 filesystem)
   size: 953673mb #s(1953122304) s(19533824-1972656127)
   chs:  (1023/254/63)-(1023/254/63)d (1215/235/45)-(122792/42/2)r

Primary partition(3)
   type: 131(0x83)(Linux ext2 filesystem)
   size: 476836mb #s(976560128) s(1972658176-2949218303)
   chs:  (1023/254/63)-(1023/254/63)d (122792/74/35)-(183580/88/60)r

Primary partition(4)
   type: 131(0x83)(Linux ext2 filesystem)
   size: 47683mb #s(97654784) s(2949220352-3046875135)
   chs:  (1023/254/63)-(1023/254/63)d (183580/121/30)-(189659/52/25)r

Re: [OT] Best (o better than yahoo) mail provider for malinglists

[Dominic Knight]

On Tue, 2018-08-28 at 21:33 +0100, Brad Rogers wrote:
> On Tue, 28 Aug 2018 22:23:46 +0200
> Stefan Krusche  wrote:
> 
> Hello Stefan,
> 
> > have to log in via their website interface to free them out of the
> > spam
> > folder to be able to download them with my precious email client.
> > I've
> 
That's the fault of your email client or methodology, rather than GMX.
Mine has the spam folder available on the client where they can be
viewed, moved or deleted - Evolution/IMAP

> Is it not possible to whitelist the addresses?
> 
> > recently started to think this provider *wants* me to have to log
> > in
> > and use the website 
> 
> Of course they do.
> 
I've only had to log in once this year and that was for an upload into
my music folder. While I'm sure they would love you to log in and see
the 'adds' they provide, they never _require_ me to do so.

Proton for Steam on Debian.

[Dominic Knight]

Does anyone have any knowledge or experience of this to share. Or even
any thoughts on security which could be useful.

https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton/

Under the install for Linux section it says to set up a Debian machine
to run the software on as it requires latest drivers etc. Well, I have
one of them of course - running steam in a flatpak on Buster, but would
be interested to know about game compatabilty (most especially for
Phantom Doctrine if anyone has tried that) of Windows only games using
Steams Proton/Wine configuration.

TIA
Dom.

Re: Wanted - Debian(preferred)/Linux handheld

[Dominic Knight]

On Thu, 2018-08-16 at 07:41 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> I've been looking for one for about a year.
> I've just discovered that the Gemini PDA [
> https://www.planetcom.co.uk/] 
> has come to market. A key feature is "WiFi only models are
> available".
> 
> The site doesn't say anything about a US distributor. Is there one?
> 
> Does anyone know of a similar product with a US distributor?
> 
> TIA
> 
> 
Changing the question to fit my answer ;)
Any reason not to buy direct from the UK?

Re: [Solved, largely] Re: Latest version of X not starting in buster

[Dominic Knight]

On Sun, 2018-06-17 at 08:41 +1000, Charlie S wrote:
> 
> 
>   After contemplation, my reply is:
>  I suppose they still have a
> twirling
> thingy on the monitor while the machine boots?
> 
> Be well,
> Charlie
> 
Sorry, there is no longer enough time for one of those to be drawn ;)
 systemd-analyze
Startup finished in 2.382s (kernel) + 6.090s (userspace) = 8.473s
graphical.target reached after 6.081s in userspace

Re: Nvidia, BOINC and Steam

[Dominic Knight]

On Wed, 2018-05-16 at 22:46 +0200, Nicolas FRANCOIS wrote:
> Hi.
> 
> I've been working with a stable Debian for a few years now (three
> major
> releases), with backports depots for a few tools I use regularly. I
> need a proprietary Nvidia driver for essentially two things : Steam,
> because I'm a Civ V gamer, and BOINC, because my computer is up
> 24h/day.
> 
> There was a backport update of the nvidia drivers a few weeks ago, I
> tried to migrate. But then Steam wouldn't work anymore (32bits
> libglx,
> or something like this, complaint). I ended up breaking everything
> trying to get back to stable.
> 
> I finally was able to recover in console, erasing one by one the
> backports packages (they cooperate to not let them be deinstalled,
> those little bastards !!!)
> 
> Now, I have the stable nvidia kernel driver (375.82), but I've
> noticed
> some BOINC apps complaining about not finding a GPU (Seti@Home, for
> sure, and I haven't seen Primegrid works for a while...). Djezus, I
> HAVE a GPU, it cost me enough (950, not the best one, but the most
> powerful I was able to "sell" to my wife :-)
> 
> I don't know exactly what to do, if anyone could provide me with a
> checklist of what to install to be able to make Steam AND BOINC work
> with ANY Nvidia driver version, I would be so grateful...
> 
> Thanks for any help.
> 
> \bye
> 
On Buster as no 32 bit available, presumably also for Stretch.
Only way I found to get Steam working well was via flatpak.
as root or sudo,

apt-get install flatpak

then as user 

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/fla
thub.flatpakrepo

flatpak install flathub com.valvesoftware.Steam

flatpak run com.valvesoftware.Steam


no idea about BOINC

Re: lightdm (testing): Long waiting time after login

[Dominic Knight]

On Wed, 2018-05-16 at 14:53 +0200, Dino wrote:
> > Dino wrote:
> > > This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
> > > --D295C2A19D414A0F9C32AEE8
> > > Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
> > >   boundary="51A034E61483D85CC097E79C"
> > > 
> > > 
> > > --51A034E61483D85CC097E79C
> > > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
> > > Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
> > > 
> > > This time with attachment...
> > > 
> > > Am 16.05.2018 um 09:28 schrieb w...@hllmnn.de:
> > > > I just did a fresh install of testing with XFCE. After entering
> > > > the
> > > > login credentials the screen was black for 30-60 seconds before
> > > > the
> > > > desktop environment showed up. Assuming a bug in XFCE, I
> > > > performed
> > > > another fresh install with MATE, but a similar effect occured:
> > > > after
> > > > login the background image is shown for 30-60 seconds before
> > > > the
> > > > desktop is fully loaded.
> > > > 
> > > > A look into /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log showed that the delay
> > > > happens
> > > > before VT is activated. The log file is attached.
> > > > 
> > > > Might this be a bug in lightdm or could a misconfiguragtion
> > > > from my
> > > > side cause this issue?
> > 
> > ...
> > > [+7.71s] DEBUG: Session pid=691: Running command
> > > /etc/X11/Xsession default
> > > [+7.71s] DEBUG: Creating shared data directory
> > > /var/lib/lightdm/data/USERNAME
> > > [+7.71s] DEBUG: Session pid=691: Logging to .xsession-errors
> > > [+40.89s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7
> > > [+40.89s] DEBUG: Activating login1 session 2
> > > [+40.89s] DEBUG: Seat seat0 changes active session to
> > > [+40.89s] DEBUG: Seat seat0 changes active session to 2
> > > [+40.89s] DEBUG: Session 2 is already active
> > 
> >what does .xsession-errors say?
> > 
> >what type of device are you installing to?
> > 
> >my recent installs with netinst for testing and having MATE
> > comes up ok (within a few seconds), but things may have changed
> > in packages.
> > 
> >does a stable netinst give same results?
> > 
> > 
> >songbird
> 
> .xsession-errors contains one warning (file is attached), but I
> don't 
> think that it causes the delay.
> 
> The device I'm installing to is an UDOO X86 
> (https://www.udoo.org/udoo-x86/). Basically, it's standard hardware
> with 
> an Intel CPU. I already had an installation of testing a few months
> ago 
> that didn't show this behaviour.
> 
> A stable netinst works just fine, the desktop is loaded almost 
> immediately. Hence, I assume a package changed recently is the
> reason 
> for this.

Maybe;
systemd-analyze critical-chain
&
systemd-analyze blame
will give a clue as to what is taking its time?

Dom.

Re: Emails

[Dominic Knight]

On Wed, 2018-05-09 at 17:22 +0100, David wrote:
> On Wed, 2018-05-09 at 21:16 +0900, likcoras wrote:
> > On 05/09/2018 09:01 PM, David wrote:
> > > I currently use Evolution for my emails with Debian 8.
> > > 
> > > The version in the repository is very old, I'm currently using
> > > V3.12.
> > > 
> > > Is there a method for me to access a repository with a newer
> > > version?
> > > 
> > > regards,
> > > 
> > > David.
> > > 
> > > 
> > 
> > It is generally not recommended to install software yourself unless
> > you
> > know what you're doing. You do have a few choices:
> > 
> > 1. Update to Debian Jessie (9). This will get you evolution 3.22.6.
> > 2. Update to Debian Buster (testing), currently 3.28.1, if you
> > don't
> > mind running testing. Make sure you are ready to run testing,
> > though.
> > 3. Grab a copy of the evolution source code from
> >  and compile it yourself (a-
> > la
> > make; make install). Make sure this is what you want, and that you
> > are
> > aware of the consequences of going down this path.
> > 4. Backport evolution yourself. I personally have never done
> > something
> > like this, so not 100% sure on the procedure involved. I assume it
> > might
> > be safer than doing the 'make install' as in (3).
> > 
> > Overall,  is good resource
> > to
> > refer to in case you want to do something like this, make sure that
> > you
> > know what you're doing and what can happen to your system if you do
> > it.
> > Especially pay attention to
> >  > New_Stuff_Syndrome>.
> > 
> > Most importantly, determine if you actually do need the newer
> > version in
> > the first place, or if you're upgrading just for the sake of
> > upgrading.
> > The Debian developers are quite good at keeping up to date with
> > security
> > updates, so hopefully you won't need to worry about those too much.
> > 
> 
> Thank you for the reply.
> 
> I have tried Debian 9, but I don't like it, hence I've stayed with
> Debian 8.
> 
> I think I'll try option 3. My laptop is currently without Evolution,
> but
> I need a more modern version so I can import the emails and settings
> saved under 3.22 with a previous Linux operating system.
> 
> David.
> 
> 
I think (3), while not impossible, will require updating too many shiny
new things from GTK. Perhaps a possibility is this Flatpak route?

https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Evolution/Flatpak

With the caveat of course that I haven't tried this (or even read more
than the first few lines of the webpage). I would go down the Buster
route myself, but that depends on what you don't or didn't like about
the later versions of Debian.

Good luck,
Dom.

Re: How to use Debian for a HTPC/Gaming combination?

[Dominic Knight]

On Sat, 2018-03-03 at 16:24 +, Dominic Knight wrote:
> On Sat, 2018-03-03 at 14:50 +0100, Markus Grunwald wrote:
> > 
> > would like to use the same computer as a steam machine or to play
> > other
> > games using wine or, of course, native linux games which is not
> > possible
> > 
There is now (and maybe has been for a while) a flatpak for steam that
can use the latest Nvidia drivers in Buster, and all seems to work well

~$ apt install flatpak
~$ flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/
flathub.flatpakrepo
~$ flatpak install flathub com.valvesoftware.Steam
~$ flatpak run com.valvesoftware.Steam

Cheers,
Dom

Re: How to use Debian for a HTPC/Gaming combination?

[Dominic Knight]

On Sat, 2018-03-03 at 14:50 +0100, Markus Grunwald wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> Currently, I'm using libreelec as distribution for the HTPC in my
> home
> cinema. It does its job very good, but is inflexible. For example, I
> would like to use the same computer as a steam machine or to play
> other
> games using wine or, of course, native linux games which is not
> possible
> witch libreelec.
> 
> To do that, I would like to use Debian. I know, use and administer
> Debian machines since potato and I think its flexibility is great. In
> fact, I only used libreelec because it had a driver for the quite new
> nvidia graphics card and Debian didn't - at least not in last summer.
> 
> Now I've seen that Debian supports my graphics card and I would like
> to
> start my HTPC/Gaming PC from scratch. What I would like to have:
> 
> - Very quick (and maybe beautiful, for the WAF ;) ) start up.
> - No surplus services.
> - Some minimal window manager
> - Boot to Kodi (or Steam) and easy switch to the other.
> 
> I know that Linux is not the optimal gaming OS. Never mind. There is
> a
> good bit idealism involved :)
> 
> Now, I could get this running, but I never installed a Debian machine
> with focus on the first two items. I hope to get your help and advice
> especially on the quick and lean start up. Any further Ideas are
> greatly
> appreciated ;)
> 
> As I said, some amount of Idealism is involved. So advice like "use
> windows" or maybe "use another Linux distribution" will not be very
> helpful.
> 
> Oh, by the way: the hardware is more or less fixed for now, and it is
> old (except for the SSD and the Graphics card). So no monster
> performance for the games, but it does the HTPC job excellently. But
> I
> will upgrade the machine in the future. Yet, I think the exact
> hardware
> spec is not so important for this topic...
> 
> Let's see, how far we get and thanks for your input!
> 
> cu

Kodi no problem on Debian Buster and most games will run well (64 bit
games anyway) if you are prepared to go to GoG rather than Steam and
purchase games that are for 64 bit installs rather than needing i386
libraries, Steam insist on their i386 install which will mean fetching
obsolete, buggy, security exploited and end of life libraries from much
older distributions.
If you want games that only Steam can provide (thinking Paradox here)
you may need to run Ubuntu in a vm or set up a user who you can risk
buggy libraries on.

All dependent on your hardware of course. I generally use a 2nd hand,
Xeon E3-1240 v2 with the obligatory SSD, 16Gb ram and a Nvidia 1050 and
have never even scraped the sides yet.

Happy to let you know what I have found to run well in Buster if you
are interested.
Cheers, 
Dom.

Re: Using MATE's workspaces effectively

[Dominic Knight]

On Wed, 2018-02-28 at 06:50 -0500, songbird wrote:
> 
>   the only real negatives of the newer monitor is
> that the scaling of fonts/menus/window sizes is set
> so small and not easily adjustable in the program
> itself that i have to change my monitor screen size
> in order to be able to read the menu items or see
> what is going on.  not everything pays attention to
> system font settings.
> 
> 
>   songbird
> 

Maybe upscaling would help a lot here, it does when I output on hdmi,
with Mate that's
System - Preferences - look and feel - appearance 
then
fonts - detail - resolution 
I set mine to around 144 and leave system fonts the same and then the
vast majority of programs will respect that and be of a readable size
at high monitor resolution.
 
I guess with other desktops you could set it easily enough in an
.Xresources file that runs on entering X-server

You will of course find occasional programs that completely ignore
this.

Cheers,
Dom.

Re: Add/Remove appication from MATE Applications drop down menu

[Dominic Knight]

On Sat, 2017-11-04 at 07:44 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> On 11/03/2017 08:22 PM, Dominic Knight wrote:
> > On Fri, 2017-11-03 at 08:21 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> > > My first problem is there are too many games cluttering the Games
> > > sub-menu. How to delete selected games from the menu without
> > > removing
> > > the executable?
> > > 
> > > My second problem is I do not use Firefox. I wish to replace it
> > > with
> > > a
> > > non-Debian executable [SeaMonkey].
> > > 
> > > I've seen instructions somewhere [can't recall where] for adding
> > > an
> > > application to a sub-menu.
> > > 
> > > TIA
> > > 
> > 
> > System (on top menu bar)
> > look and feel
> > mate menu
> > 
> > You can create sub-folders to divide the games or other apps into
> > your
> > own sorted lists by creating new menu (a sub-folder) with your
> > chosen
> > name and then drag and drop the program titles into the new sub-
> > menu
> > (sometimes quite tricky to get the exact placement to move the
> > program)
> > 
> > 
> 
> I don't observe that menu structure.
> I'm using Stretch (9.1.0) with MATE (1.16.2) .
> 
> The menu structure I see is:
> System
>  Preferences
>  Hardware
>  .../.../...
>  Internet and Network
>  .../.../...
>  Look and Feel
>  Appearance
>  Popup Notifications
>  Screensaver
>  Windows
>  Other
>  .../.../...
>  Personal
>  .../.../...
>  Administration
>  Control Center
> .
> .
> .
> 
> Thank you.
> 
Then you most likely need to add the package it comes in - my *guess*
would be either mate-menu or mate-control-center although it could be
hiding in one of the others.

Once installed you can also just untick the box next to the software
you don't want to see and it will be invisibly there until you next
tick it.

Re: Add/Remove appication from MATE Applications drop down menu

[Dominic Knight]

On Fri, 2017-11-03 at 08:21 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> My first problem is there are too many games cluttering the Games 
> sub-menu. How to delete selected games from the menu without
> removing 
> the executable?
> 
> My second problem is I do not use Firefox. I wish to replace it with
> a 
> non-Debian executable [SeaMonkey].
> 
> I've seen instructions somewhere [can't recall where] for adding an 
> application to a sub-menu.
> 
> TIA
> 
System (on top menu bar)
look and feel
mate menu

You can create sub-folders to divide the games or other apps into your
own sorted lists by creating new menu (a sub-folder) with your chosen
name and then drag and drop the program titles into the new sub-menu
(sometimes quite tricky to get the exact placement to move the program)

Re: USB wireless keyboard in stretch

[Dominic Knight]

On Mon, 2017-08-21 at 21:46 -0500, Mario Castelán Castro wrote:
> On 21/08/17 17:09, Alle Meije Wink wrote:
> > Does anyone understand the cause of this problem
> 
> *The USB wireless keyboard IS itself a problem*. You are
> unnecessarily
> contaminating the environment consuming Voltaic cells where none is
> needed (obviously wired keyboards feed through the cable) and
> broadcasting what you write over the air, including your passwords.
> 
> > & how to fix it? Thanks!
> 
> Very simple: Use a wired keyboard.
> 

And all those heavy metals inside that plastic case - please revert to
using a chisel and stone tablet.

Meanwhile... some wireless keyboards and mice work very well in this
modern age, I've used Logitechs M185 & K270 without a single issue on
both Stretch and Buster.

Re: Fonts for widgets in Cinnamon

[Dominic Knight]

On Sat, 2017-08-19 at 21:04 +0200, Jeff wrote:
> I have been using Cinnamon (from testing) for a couple of years with
> no
> problem until a couple of days ago, when suddenly the font size for
> most
> widgets increased. This is annoying, as certain lists in things like
> Thunderbird no longer fit on the page.
> 
> I started playing with the fonts preferences in Cinnamon, to no
> avail. I
> could change all sorts of things about the panel font size, but not
> things like the size of the menus in the programs themselves. I
> wondered instead if the problem was with one of the themes in
> Cinnamon,
> but all the installed ones seem to have the same problem.
> 
> I looked at the settings in /usr/share/cinnamon/theme/cinnamon.css,
> but
> wasn't able change the font size.
> 
> I tend to update & upgrade every day, so I then looked through
> /var/log/dpkg.log for a recent upgrade that could be at fault.
> 
> I downgraded libgtk-3-0, libgtk-3-common, libgail-3-0, gir1.2-gtk-
> 3.0,
> gtk-update-icon-cache, libgtk-3-bin to 3.22.17-1, which didn't help.
> 
> I downgraded libwayland-client0, libwayland-cursor0 & libwayland-
> server0
> to 1.13.0-1, but that didn't help either.
> 
> So I'm now out of ideas.
> 
> Does anyone know where I should look next?
> 
> Regards
> 
> Jeff
> 
> P.S. Please put me in cc, as I am not subscribed to the list.
> 
If it's the same issue, (changed sunday 6th August) I think it was a
change in gsettings...something - it only bothered me using chromium
though, with huge fonts for the bookmark bar and top menu I worked
around this by starting chrome with 
/usr/bin/chromium %U --force-device-scale-factor=1.5
Maybe, if only Thunderbird is affected for you, there is a similar
setting for starting that?
Another work around is to alter your fonts to work with a program,
start the software and then alter them back so other programs work as
wanted too, harsh way to do it though. 

>From Chromiums old bug reports 
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=375824#c65 
this was deemed to be the issue back in 2014:
"Use GtkSettings's gtk-xft-dpi property to convert Pango font
descriptions from points to pixels. Previously
PangoContext's default resolution, which is sometimes
(always?) unset, was used, resulting in 96 DPI being used
for conversions regardless of the value reported by X."

Re: caja as administrator

[Dominic Knight]

On Sun, 2017-08-06 at 11:09 +0200, Frank wrote:
> Op 06-08-17 om 01:34 schreef Dominic Knight:
> > I guess this is something I have done at this end but, although it
> > works fine as a normal user (right click and open new instance),
> > when
> > trying to open any folder from Caja as administrator (right click
> > on
> > folder in Caja, select open as administrator) I get the message:
> > 
> > "Please start Chromium as a normal user. If you need to run as root
> > for
> > development, re-run with the - no-sandbox flag."
> > 
> > I wasn't aware of trying to run Chromium at all, it used to open a
> > separate instance of Caja with su privileges. Anyone else or
> > something
> > I have done badly somewhere and forgotten about?
> > 
> > Debian Testing(Buster)
> > Mate 1.18.0
> > Caja 1.18.3
> 
> It's possible a mimeapps.list has the wrong entry for
> inode/directory. 
> There are usually two or three copies of this file:
> 
> user's: ~/.config/mimeapps.list
> system: /usr/share/applications/mimeapps.list
> and possibly:
> root's: /root/.config/mimeapps.list
> 
> The location of the user and root list may be different in other
> desktop 
> environments (mine's Xfce 4.12, Debian testing).
> 
> When you run caja as user, your own copy takes precedence. Running
> as 
> root, root's comes first (if it exists). Anything that isn't
> specified 
> there, is looked up in the system list.
> 
> Make sure the inode/directory entry isn't messed up. If the entry in
> the 
> system copy is correct and the wrong one is in root's copy, simply 
> remove that.
> 
> Regards,
> Frank

Hmmm... Seems to have been a temporary glitch, installed the rest of
Mate's updates after they came through this morning and now all works
as expected.
I'll put it down to a partially upgraded DE and move on.

My thanks to Frank and Cindy for your replies,
Dom 

caja as administrator

[Dominic Knight]

I guess this is something I have done at this end but, although it
works fine as a normal user (right click and open new instance), when
trying to open any folder from Caja as administrator (right click on
folder in Caja, select open as administrator) I get the message:

"Please start Chromium as a normal user. If you need to run as root for
development, re-run with the - no-sandbox flag."

I wasn't aware of trying to run Chromium at all, it used to open a
separate instance of Caja with su privileges. Anyone else or something
I have done badly somewhere and forgotten about?

Debian Testing(Buster)
Mate 1.18.0
Caja 1.18.3

TIA,

Re: off topic! What is the error in this script

[Dominic Knight]

On Sun, 2017-06-25 at 18:30 +0300, Teemu Likonen wrote:
> Dominic Knight [2017-06-25 15:35:46+01] wrote:
> 
> > To convert a series of .flac files to .mp3 files I attempted to use
> > the
> > following line;
> > 
> > > $ find -name "*.flac" -exec bash -c 'ffmpeg -i "{}" -y -acodec
> > 
> > libmp3lame -ab 320k "${0/.flac}.mp3"' {} \;
> 
> The arguments for "bash -c" go like this:
> 
> bash -c '...' name one two three
> 
> And in '...' the arguments are in variables $0 (=name), $1 (=one), $2
> (=two), $3 (=three) etc. So:
> 
> find -name "*.flac" -exec \
> bash -c 'ffmpeg -i file:"$1" -c:a libmp3lame -ab 320k -y
> file:"${1%.flac}.mp3"' \
> foo {} \;
> 
Thanks Teemu that works perfectly some nicely converted radio shows
now, cheers.

> Note the "foo": it is saved to $0 ("shell's name") and and then the
> actual filename is in usual first positional parameter $1. We also
> want
> to have explicitl "file:" protocol with ffmpeg so that any
> "something:"
> prerix in filename is not interpreted as a protocol name. (See "man
> ffmpeg-protocols".)
> 
I never realised ffmpeg was as capable as that - impressive.

> But here's another way without double quoting:
> 
> while read -r -d $'\0' input; do
> ffmpeg -i file:"$input" -c:a libmp3lame -ab 320k \
> -y file:"${input%.flac}.mp3"
> done < <(find . -name '*.flac' -print0)
> 
This however doesn't work, what this snippet does is write the first 20
seconds of one of the .flacs to an mp3 (this is also the endpoint of
the opening jingle and so very short break/space in the track, as
produced by audacity - it may work on individual music tracks - not
tested that yet) and then goes off into CPU wonderland tying the
processors up at 100% until killed.

Cheers for the first one though I think I get what is happening in my
first attempt now, bash -c $0 always returned the same name to ffmpeg
for conversion.

Dom.

off topic! What is the error in this script

[Dominic Knight]

To convert a series of .flac files to .mp3 files I attempted to use the
following line;

> $ find -name "*.flac" -exec bash -c 'ffmpeg -i "{}" -y -acodec
libmp3lame -ab 320k "${0/.flac}.mp3"' {} \;

which I expected to find each flac and convert it to a corresponding
.mp3 however, it reads the first .flac only and rewrites it to all .mp3
files ie;

for flacs (a1 > a9) it reads a .flac and outputs mp3's (a1 > a9) but
all mp3's contain the original content of only a1.flac

Where have I gone wrong?

Cheers,
Dom.

Re: Sound Problem

[Dominic Knight]

On Sat, 2017-03-11 at 09:39 -0500, Stephen P. Molnar wrote:
> Up to date Jessie.
> 
> Sound worked until I turned power off to the external speakers.  The 
> sound has not been working since I turned the speakers back on.
> 
> If I run 'speaker-test' I get noise, but if I run 'speaker-test -c 2
> -t
> wav' I get 'front left' and 'front right' from the speakers.
> 
> I am using the on-board sound:
> 
> 01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GF119 HDMI Audio Controller 
> (rev a1)
>   Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device 809f
>   Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 25
>   Memory at fe08 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
>   Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
>   Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
>   Capabilities: [78] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
>   Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
> 
> I have proven, to my satisfaction, thanks to a suggestion from a 
> correspondent, that this is not a hardware problem.  I loaded the 
> Xubuntu 17.04 Live Desktop on the computer and the sound is live.
> 
> I would appreciate some help in solving this problem.
> 
> Thanks in advance.
> 

As you most likely have two sound cards, one on-board and one with the
video card (HDMI) it may be worthwhile installing pasystray as this may
give you better control over which card you want to use, lots of
options to reset sink, add modules etc. It helped me solve sound issues
in the past when switching between on-board headphones and HDMI to the
TV so worth a try at least.

Re: A minimal relational database in Debian

[Dominic Knight]

On Monday 27 February 2017 13:17:56 Richard Owlett wrote:
> I looked at at LibreOffice Base. It was unusable as its "help" system
> provided no intrinsic way to increase fonts to a legible size.

Would temporarily changing your dpi settings work, the help is
perfectly legible here, but I have increased dpi (96 > 132) rather than
font size as it is an across the board improvement for my monitor size.

Regards
Dom.

Re: Re: Reconfiguring grub2 UFEI system

[Dominic Knight]

oops, I notice it is solved now, must have missed those posts in the
digest somehow, I was thinking however that maybe it was a case of 'I
never installed that version of grub so I'm not going to write to it'
as you probably had a slightly different version from the one on SuSE,
I am no expert however so may be talking out of turn here.

Re: Reconfiguring grub2 UFEI system

[Dominic Knight]

On Sun, 2016-10-23 at 17:49 +0200, Pascal Hambourg wrote:
> Le 22/10/2016 à 23:17, Mark Neidorff a écrit :
> > On Friday, 10/21/16 10:19:47 PM Pascal Hambourg wrote:
> > 
> > > What is the output of "os-prober" ?
> > 
> > No output. (yes, I ran it as root)
> 
> Then no other system was detected and added to the GRUB menu when
> you 
> ran update-grub.
> 
> > > Are you sure the GRUB that shows up is the one from Debian ?
> > 
> > I'm not sure how to answer that question.  The first OS I installed
> > was
> > OpenSUSE.  Then I installed Debian 8.6 twice (on the two separate
> > drives in
> > the system).  All three of these entries are still there even after
> > running
> > update-grub.
> > 
> > I wouldn't care about the extra entries except that the OpenSUSE
> > entry is the
> > default.
> 
> Is openSUSE the first entry in the menu ? AFAICS, by default the
> first 
> entry in the menu is the OS which installed the active GRUB. So it
> looks 
> like it is openSUSE's GRUB, not Debian's one.
> 
>  From Debian, what it the ouput of the following commands ?
> 
> efibootmgr
> ls /boot/
> ls /boot/efi/EFI

Last time I used this (update-grub on fully updated Debian testing) a
few weeks back it did nothing for me either, however as a workaround
you can re-install/re-configure grub-pc and/or grub-pc-bin (via apt-
get, synaptic or your personal favourite installer) and that will
install the grub menu for you.  I think it was the first of these two
options (re-install grub-pc) that did the trick but just in case I
remember wrongly, I mention the other software too.

However, it probably needs tracking down as to why this no longer works
for all, so if you are willing, please continue to work through other
processes first.

Re: Failed to execute child process (no such file or directory), but the script DOES exist in $HOME/bin, openbox users, especially take a look, please.

[Dominic Knight]

On Thu, 2016-09-22 at 16:19 -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> I've edited https://wiki.debian.org/LightDM and written
> https://wiki.debian.org/Xsession from scratch.  I hope this helps
> other
> people who were as lost and confused as I was.
> 
> If you're still wondering what kind of documentation I was looking
> for,
> you may use https://wiki.debian.org/Xsession as the answer.  That's
> what I wanted to see.  I will be able to point users to this page in
> the future.
> 
> Thanks to all who provided information.

There also used to be .Xresources to store information on fonts,
colours, window sizes and positions along with dpi, this I believe
was/is read by .Xsession. Unsure whether it is still used and/or
relevant?

Dom

Re: cant get to desktop anymore

[Dominic Knight]

On Mon, 2016-09-19 at 17:01 -0400, Ric Moore wrote:
> On 09/18/2016 09:42 PM, Frank McCormick wrote:
> > 
> > On 18/09/16 07:57 PM, Ric Moore wrote:
> > > 
> > > On 09/18/2016 06:00 PM, Kent West wrote:
> > > > 
> > > > On Sun, Sep 18, 2016 at 3:28 PM, bell canada  > > > il.com
> > > > > wrote:
> > > > 
> > > > hello i installed debian 8 and i cant get into my
> > > > desktop..why plz
> > > > help
> > > > 
> > > > roberto
> > > > 438 881 9269 
> > > > all i get is ablack scren
> > > > even recory mode doesnt help
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > Do you get to a login prompt at all (graphical or text-based)?
> > > > 
> > > > What happens if you press Ctrl-Alt-F2?
> > > If the OP would do that, login as his user and enter "startx", I
> > > bet a
> > > donut that he gets to his desktop. Mine is STILL boroken that way
> > > ...POS. synaptic isn't fixed yet.  Someone just shoot me.
> > > Ric
> > > 
> > > 
> > 
> > 
> >   I'll shoot you if you promise to return the favor :) The whole
> > Mate
> > desktop is broken because of GTK 3.2whatever :)
> 
> I promise. The only upside is that all those Ubuntu users will be
> soon 
> crying like grandmothers. That is a sad way to think. 
> Ric
> 
> 
I can re-create this in some way although maybe not the same as the OP
as not enough information is given.

Normally when installing a secondary system on the box here, it would
format the swap space giving it a new UUID, I would get the prompt when
starting up about not being able to load the swap space, wait 90 secs
then boot without one and edit fstab to reflect the new UUID.
However, when not using nouveau drivers (in my case Nvidias latest
361.45.18-2 kernel modules) if the wrong UUID is present you will be
given a black screen and no possibility of using ctrl-alt-f1 > 7 only
command that works is ctrl-alt-del. Also recovery mode dumps you to the
exact same problem - plain black screen. 
Edit the fstab from another system and you are back to having a normal
log-in. 

Re: Jessie (8.0) slow to boot

[Dominic Knight]

On Wed, 2016-08-31 at 10:24 -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Wed, Aug 31, 2016 at 09:16:00AM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> > 
> > What's going on?
> > Are the messages that scroll past preserved anywhere?
> 
> When booting with systemd, the boot messages are stored in RAM
> automatically, and can be viewed by running "journalctl" as root.
> I'd definitely start there.

If it is the swap partition, it has probably been given a new UUID when
you installed a new/additional version of Debian. I use gparted to look
up the current UUID and then paste that over the relevant UUID in
/etc/fstab
Take care when using both gparted and writing to fstab.

Regards.

Re: J_find__your_perfect____ dentist

[J Knight]

On Monday, May 2, 2016,  wrote:

>
>
>
>
> *Dear_J, Find the perfect dentist in your area click here *
> *no_more_emails?
> *

Package Conflicts With Neither Package Installed

[Knight Of Staves]

I am having a problem with two packages, nvidia-glx-legacy and
nvidia-glx-new (and it's on an upgrade to Ubuntu Feisty -- I tried a new
driver).  I tried to remove both of them so I could reinstall them.
Supposedly neither one is installed and I've tried using dpkg with remove
and purge to get rid of them.  Supposedly they are not installed.  When I
try to install the nvidia-glx-legacy package, I get a message that it can't
install it be installed because the diversion for one library conflicts with
the diversion specified in the nvidia-glx-new package.  I can't give the
full text since it's a long message and on a computer I can't access from
here.

I'd like to completely get rid of both packages and any trace of them,
including where the diversions they need is listed.  As I said, dpkg with
remove and purge won't do it.  I want to be able to test the packages one by
one, without them messing with each other, to see what works best with my
card.  It seems, for now, that the biggest problem is the diversions.  How
can I remove all the info left in the system about the diversions or force
one of the packages to be installed in spite of what the other one requires?

And please don't respond to me.  This is my spam account I use for things
likely to create spam, since I can't get to my email program.

Thanks!

Conflicting Packages (Diversion conflicts) with Both Uninstalled

[Knight Of Staves]

I am having a problem with two packages, nvidia-glx-legacy and
nvidia-glx-new (and it's on an upgrade to Ubuntu Feisty -- I tried a new
driver).  I tried to remove both of them so I could reinstall them.
Supposedly neither one is installed and I've tried using dpkg with remove
and purge to get rid of them.  Supposedly they are not installed.  When I
try to install the nvidia-glx-legacy package, I get a message that it can't
install it be installed because the diversion for one library conflicts with
the diversion specified in the nvidia-glx-new package.  I can't give the
full text since it's a long message and on a computer I can't access from
here.

I'd like to completely get rid of both packages and any trace of them,
including where the diversions they need is listed.  As I said, dpkg with
remove and purge won't do it.  I want to be able to test the packages one by
one, without them messing with each other, to see what works best with my
card.  It seems, for now, that the biggest problem is the diversions.  How
can I remove all the info left in the system about the diversions or force
one of the packages to be installed in spite of what the other one requires?


And please don't respond to me.  This is my spam account I use for things
likely to create spam, since I can't get to my email program.

Thanks!

Package Conflicts With Neither Package Installed

[Knight Of Staves]

I apologize for not replying directly in the thread, but I'm still stuck
with GMail until I deal with another issue and the Reply to function
doesn't seem to be working.  (So do you want to deride me for that, as well,
Sánchez?)

On Friday 18 May 2007, Roberto C. Sánchez wrote:

On Fri, May 18, 2007 at 03:20:39AM -0400, Knight Of Staves wrote:
 I am having a problem with two packages, nvidia-glx-legacy and
 nvidia-glx-new (and it's on an upgrade to Ubuntu Feisty -- I tried
 a new driver).  I tried to remove both of them so I could reinstall
 them.

$ apt-cache policy nvidia-glx-new
W: Unable to locate package nvidia-glx-new

The package you are talking about is not even in Debian.  Please go
ask your question on an Ubuntu list.


By about 4:30 I found the problem.  It's not about what package it is, it's
about dpkg-divert.  If you were interested in helping me, instead of judging
me negatively and taking someone down you would have read the whole issue
and perhaps, instead of being dismissive, you could have actually said
something helpful.  For the record, and for those who Google this list at
some later time, I'll explain what happened because it could help someone.

In my original e-mail, the one part you didn't quote is the most important
part:


 I get a message that it can't install it be installed because the

diversion

 for one library conflicts with the diversion specified in the

nvidia-glx-new

 package.


That is what's important here.  Like most people (I suspect), I've never
worked much with apt other than just installing and uninstalling.  I have
never heard of dpkg-divert or of diversions before this.  A diversion is a
signal to other packages that a file is not where it would be expected to be
and tells other packages where to look for that file.  (At least that's how
I understood it.)  I kept getting messages that it conflicted with the
nvidia-glx-new package, so I did this:

dpkg-divert --list *nvidia-glx*

and it gave me a listing of all diversions used in all packages with
nvidia-glx in their name.  I was hesitant to do anything to directly effect
them, but I was able to use the same command to list any other diversions
effecting those same files.  Fortunately, there weren't any.  I figured this
meant that the only packages using those particular diversions were
nvidia-glx-legacy, nvidia-glx, and nvidia-glx-new.  I used:

dpkg-divert --remove --rename {path and name of file}

for each of the 5 diversions listed.  That removed all 5 of them, then I
tried:

apt-get install nvidia-glx-legacy

and it installed perfectly and worked.  Then I removed it, installed
nvidia-glx, and it worked better.  It's now working quite well.


 And please don't respond to me.  This is my spam account I use
 for things likely to create spam, since I can't get to my email
 program.

Would that be the sort of spam created by asking a question about
one Distro on another distro's list, while sending your message in
HTML on that wrong text-only list and then to top it off sending your
message twice?  If so, you have succeeded quite nicely.


Uh, no.  Actually spam that comes from sites I've had to temporarily join
for testing situations or something like that which are likely to share my
e-mail with other sites.  And, since you seem more interested in insulting
me than in helping, I guess I should say that does not include porn sites.

I hope, in the future, when you're up at 3:30 am, dealing with an issue you
need to resolve so your system will be ready when you need it by 9 am the
next day, and you're asking for help from the most knowledgeable group you
know of, that you will actually get help from those people instead of
responses from people so myopic they give your problem little thought and
consider providing a helpful response instead of using the opportunity to
read only the parts you can be condescending and negative about.

Thank you very much for taking the time and consideration for being so
helpful to someone who needed it at 3:30 am when they had to have their
system working early that morning for work instead of taking the chance to
be petty and insulting.

Re: sound blaster card

[Teilhard Knight]

Folks
I've a Creative Sound Blaster Live! 24bit soundcard which I've got to
work in another Debian 2.6 box but am having problems with another box,
so all help welcome. Full details are below, but essentially lspci sees
the card but alsaconf gives firstly:
No supported PnP or PCI card found.  │

snip

Alsamixer has an special entry for this brand of card which comes muted by 
default. Unmute SB live! in alsamixer and most surely you will be set.


Teilhard






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Re: How to compile

[Teilhard Knight]

On Tue ... you wrote


I have an AMD64 box and I was looking to install the AMD64 Etch port.
Only problem with that is that I want either Gnome or preferably KDE
to go with it, and that port doesn't include those environments.


... later you wrote in answer to this

 I'm running etch-amd64 as I type this in kmail.. ;)

Do you mean you have KDE in Etch AMD64?



I'm not too sure I understand the first part, with it's implied
'problem'.
I have an AMD64 machine, ... I have installed, and have running Etch (in
64 bit mode) and also have KDE and GNOME desktops (and packages)
installed.  (I'm in Gnome now as I type this) I did have some
difficulties with the new BIOS on the machine and how it was
interrogating the SATA with SMART, and also with getting the full GLX 3d
acceleration to work with my NVIDIA chipset BUT they are not
what I believe you are seeing as the 'problem'.
I didn't have any problems getting Gnome and KDE to install and work.
What 'problem' are you anticipating?  From my experience they both work
fine (albeit the new NVIDIA driver upsets KDE colours if you switch
between them... but that again is not a fault of the kernel (AFAIK).

Ian


Thank you for replying, Ian. I'm most surely mistaken on what I said, I have 
been corrected several times. I now have the 32 bit version and I have 
managed to make my wireless nic work, so, perhaps I'll think twice to 
change. In any case, I did something wrong when installing the 64 bit 
version.


Teilhard 




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Re: How to compile

[Teilhard Knight]

On Tue, 27 Mar 2007 22:56:03 -0600
Teilhard Knight [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:


 Teilhard Knight wrote:

 I have an AMD64 box and I was looking to install the AMD64 Etch port.
 Only
 problem with that is that I want either Gnome or preferably KDE to go
 with
 it, and that port doesn't include those environments. Then I went 32 
 bit
 and installed the KDE version of i386. Now, I want to compile my 
 driver
 module for my wireless nic. I am ready with everything, except that I 
 do
 not know what packages I should install in Debian in order to be able 
 to
 compile. I tries naively supposing I could compile out of the box and 
 it

 failed. Could you help?

 Teilhard.

 What is the chipset used by your wireless card? You can find this info 
 by
 looking at the output of lspci -v command. Most likely you need to 
 use

 module-assistant to compile drivers for your wireless cards.

I didn't use that command, but I know that my wireless nic's chip is 
Atmel.

Do I need module-assistant? Where do I find it? How do I use it?


The driver (at76c50x) is apparently in 2.6 kernels (no m-a necessary).
You'll need firmware; see the atmel-firmware (in non-free) package.

Celejar


Thank you for your feedback. The module is called now at76_usb, at least the 
Berlios one. I have already compiled it and installed it and now my wireless 
nic is working.


Teilhard. 




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Re: How to compile

[Teilhard Knight]

On Tue March 27 2007 21:50, Teilhard Knight wrote:

 I'm running etch-amd64 as I type this in kmail.. ;)

Do you mean you have KDE in Etch AMD64?


Yes, even sarge-amd64 has kde and gnome and a few others.


 My wireless nic uses the madwifi driver so I install it with
 module-assistant.



How do I find and use module assistant?


m-a is a standard debian package, just apt-get install module-assistant
should get it for you, or select it with aptitude, dselect, syaptic or 
adept.
Once it's installed m-a prepare will setup your box with all the stuff 
you

need to compile kernels then m-a a-i madwifi will get the madwifi source
and build and install the madwifi module. You may need a different driver 
for

your card.

That should keep you out of trouble for a while.. ;) Hollar if you need
help.. :)


Thanks very much for your help, Alan. I do not have experience working with 
the module-assistant, so I had a look at it and got lost very soon. I 
followed the traditional make, make install path for my tarball and was 
able to install my module and make my nic work. Your help was appreciated.


Teilhard. 




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Re: How to compile

[Teilhard Knight]

Teilhard Knight wrote:

I have an AMD64 box and I was looking to install the AMD64 Etch port.
Only problem with that is that I want either Gnome or preferably KDE to
go with it, and that port doesn't include those environments. Then I
went 32 bit and installed the KDE version of i386. Now, I want to
compile my driver module for my wireless nic. I am ready with
everything, except that I do not know what packages I should install in
Debian in order to be able to compile. I tries naively supposing I could
compile out of the box and it failed. Could you help?

Teilhard.



It sounds to me like you did something wrong with the etch install.

Etch AMD64 most certainly has gnome and KDE.

As for compiling things, the first thing you should install if you want
to compile things is build-essential.  It is a meta-package that will
pull in most of the tools you need.

aptitude (or apt-get) install build-essential

(Ok, you experts, this is us user-friendly way so don't yell at me for
not telling him to get each package individually)


Thanks a lot for your feedback, Joe. I wouldn't had been able to compile my 
module without your help. I have now wireless internet in my box which is 
just cool.


Teilhard. 




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How to compile

[Teilhard Knight]

I have an AMD64 box and I was looking to install the AMD64 Etch port. Only 
problem with that is that I want either Gnome or preferably KDE to go with 
it, and that port doesn't include those environments. Then I went 32 bit and 
installed the KDE version of i386. Now, I want to compile my driver module 
for my wireless nic. I am ready with everything, except that I do not know 
what packages I should install in Debian in order to be able to compile. I 
tries naively supposing I could compile out of the box and it failed. Could 
you help?


Teilhard. 



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Re: How to compile

[Teilhard Knight]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1

Teilhard Knight escribió:

I have an AMD64 box and I was looking to install the AMD64 Etch port.
Only problem with that is that I want either Gnome or preferably KDE to
go with it, and that port doesn't include those environments. Then I
went 32 bit and installed the KDE version of i386. Now, I want to
compile my driver module for my wireless nic. I am ready with
everything, except that I do not know what packages I should install in
Debian in order to be able to compile. I tries naively supposing I could
compile out of the box and it failed. Could you help?

Teilhard.


apt-get install gcc

Jose Luis,

Thank you so much, Jose Luis.

Teilhard. 




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Re: How to compile

[Teilhard Knight]

I'm running etch-amd64 as I type this in kmail.. ;)


Do you mean you have KDE in Etch AMD64?

snip

My wireless nic uses the madwifi driver so I install it with 
module-assistant.


How do I find and use module assistant?

Teilhard. 




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Re: How to compile

[Teilhard Knight]

Teilhard Knight wrote:

I have an AMD64 box and I was looking to install the AMD64 Etch port. 
Only
problem with that is that I want either Gnome or preferably KDE to go 
with

it, and that port doesn't include those environments. Then I went 32 bit
and installed the KDE version of i386. Now, I want to compile my driver
module for my wireless nic. I am ready with everything, except that I do
not know what packages I should install in Debian in order to be able to
compile. I tries naively supposing I could compile out of the box and it
failed. Could you help?

Teilhard.


What is the chipset used by your wireless card? You can find this info by
looking at the output of lspci -v command. Most likely you need to use
module-assistant to compile drivers for your wireless cards.


I didn't use that command, but I know that my wireless nic's chip is Atmel. 
Do I need module-assistant? Where do I find it? How do I use it?


Teilhard. 




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Nothing works

[Teilhard Knight]

Hello:

I am new to Linux and I recently installed Debian Sarge for my 64 bit 
machine. After the installation, and choosing KDE as my GUI, I find 
essentially that nothing works in the distro. I have decided to ask for your

help one issue at a time.

The first, and most annoying thing is that the maximum resolution I am 
allowed is 800x600. I have a Nvidia Geoforce3 graphics card and a Multiscan 
CPD-G220R Sony monitor. When the installation program asked me for what
driver to install for my graphics card I chose nv, which I have used 
before and works. Also, when configuring the X environment I supplied the 
horizontal and vertical refresh rates of my monitor. So, I would appreciate

if you could help me to set the resolution at least at 1024x768. Thanks.

Teilhard.



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Nothing works

[Teilhard Knight]

Hello:

I am new to Linux and I recently installed Debian Sarge for my 64 bit 
machine. After the installation, and choosing KDE as my GUI, I find 
essentially that nothing works in the distro. I have decided to ask for your 
help one issue at a time.


The first, and most annoying thing is that the maximum resolution I am 
allowed is 800x600. I have a Nvidia Geoforce3 graphics card and a Multiscan 
CPD-G220R Sony monitor. When the installation program asked me for what 
driver to install for my graphics card I chose nv, which I have used 
before and works. Also, when configuring the X environment I supplied the 
horizontal and vertical refresh rates of my monitor. So, I would appreciate 
if you could help me to set the resolution at least at 1024x768. Thanks.


Teilhard. 



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Re: Nothing works

[Teilhard Knight]

Teilhard Knight wrote:

Hello:

I am new to Linux and I recently installed Debian Sarge for my 64 bit
machine. After the installation, and choosing KDE as my GUI, I find
essentially that nothing works in the distro. I have decided to ask for
your
help one issue at a time.

The first, and most annoying thing is that the maximum resolution I am
allowed is 800x600. I have a Nvidia Geoforce3 graphics card and a
Multiscan CPD-G220R Sony monitor. When the installation program asked me
for what
driver to install for my graphics card I chose nv, which I have used
before and works. Also, when configuring the X environment I supplied
the horizontal and vertical refresh rates of my monitor. So, I would
appreciate
if you could help me to set the resolution at least at 1024x768. Thanks.

Teilhard.





1) There is no official 64-bit version of sarge, so either you're
running the port, or you're running 32-bit.

2) It sounds to me like your /etc/X11/xorg.conf file needs to be edited
to support the resolution you want.  You can have this file regenerated
by running:

dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

or if you feel brave, you can edit it by hand.

You might also want to consider installing etch instead of sarge.  There
is a AMD64 version available that will give you true 64-bits and will
most likely better recognize your hardware.

3)  To say that nothing works is a misnomer, because if nothing worked
at all you wouldn't get past the first stage of boot.

The people here can help you get your system working, but you do need to
be specific about what exactly is broken.

Regards,


Hello, Joe:

As it happens, I didn't make a sound research before deciding to install the 
Sarge unofficial AMD64 distribution. I am downloading now the testing 
official AMD64 distribution, etch. I really appreciate your advise.


By the way, the command you gave me to reconfigure my X resolutions didn't 
work. I got the error: no package xserver-xorg or something like this. I 
didn't find a xorg.conf file in /etc/X11, but the configuration file: 
XF86Config-4, which I edited manually and could get higher resolutions. 
Thanks for your input.


Teilhard. 




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Re: Simple question

[Teilhard Knight]

On Tue, Dec 20, 2005 at 05:08:33PM -0500, David R. Litwin wrote:

What's the command to stop a service like gdm?

Killall.


Seems like a bad idea, unless the service is hung. Using the proper init
script would make more sense. To simply stop the service, /etc/init.d/gdm
stop
as root would do the trick. To change things so that it does not start on
the next boot, removing the symlink in the appropriate runlevel (the
default is 2, I believe) would do the trick.

If you're concerned with managing services on boot in general then I
highly recommend a program such as sysv-rc-conf or rcconf to manage the
symbolic links for you.


Actually, I needed to stop gdm only for installing a package. But you have
given me very valuable information. I appreciate your feedback.

Teilhard.


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Re: Simple question

[Teilhard Knight]

Teilhard Knight wrote:

What's the command to stop a service like gdm?


Formally it's:

invoke-rc.d gdm stop

But everybody (including myself) uses:

/etc/init.d/gdm stop

To stop it permanently use:

update-rc.d gdm remove


Thanks a lot.

Teilhard.


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Re: Simple question

[Teilhard Knight]

Am 2005-12-20 04:04:24, schrieb Teilhard Knight:

What's the command to stop a service like gdm?


It depends.

1)  For killing it the current bootet Computer

   /etc/init.d/gdm stop

2)  Only from the runlevel 2

   rm /etc/rc2.d/??gdm

3)  Permanently

   apt-get --purge remove gdm


Thank you very much.

Teilhard.


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Re: Simple question

[Teilhard Knight]

On Tue, 2005-12-20 at 17:08 -0500, David R. Litwin wrote:

What's the command to stop a service like gdm?

Killall. 


Or '/etc/init.d/gdm stop'


Right, thank you.

Teilhard


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Simple question

[Teilhard Knight]

What's the command to stop a service like gdm?

Teilhard.


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Simple question

[Teilhard Knight]

What's the command to stop a service like gdm?

Teilhard.


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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

- Original Message - 
From: Alejandro Hamann [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: Debian_Español debian-user-spanish@lists.debian.org
Sent: Monday, September 19, 2005 5:43 PM
Subject: Re: Disco Flash



Hola a todos.
Bueno, yo he estado leyendo toodos los hilos porque tengo unos
problemitas conalmacenamiento USB tambien.
Tengo una camarita digital que se registra como dispositivo de
almacenamiento USB. Es compatible con USB1.1 y USB2.0, funciona bien
baja Win9x/2k/Xp y bajo liux tambien.

Ahora, he visto que para manejar dispositivos USB bajo Debian Sarge, hay
varios paquetes (algunos excluyentes entre si). Actualmente tengo
instalados usbutils, usbview, usbmount (udev tambien), libusb-0.1-4 y
hotplug. el que no uso es usbmgr (porque se excluyen mutuamente con
hotplug).
La cosa es que antes, ponía la camarita y bajo GNOME, automáticamente me
aparecía en el escritorio un disco USB (además de mostrarme un bonito
asistente). Pero resulta que yo uso KDE (y otros) antes que GNOME (de
hecho, no me simpatiza tanto GNOME) y yo quiero acceder al dispositivo
USB desde cualquier lugar (incluída la amada consola de texto).

Cuando conecto el dispositivo USB, desde la consola me sale esto:
---
scsi8 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
 Vendor: OLYMPUS   Model: C150,D390 Rev: 1.00
 Type:   Direct-Access  ANSI SCSI revision: 02
SCSI device sdc: 32000 512-byte hdwr sectors (16 MB)
sdc: assuming Write Enabled
sdc: assuming drive cache: write through
/dev/scsi/host8/bus0/target0/lun0: p1
Attached scsi removable disk sdc at scsi8, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
mc
---

A lo cual yo hago esto:

pompeya:~# mount /dev/sdc /media/usb0
mount: debe especificar el tipo de sistema de ficheros
pompeya:~# mount -t usbfs /dev/sdc /media/usb0
pompeya:~# ls /media/usb0
001  002  003  004  005  devices
pompeya:~# umount /media/usb
pompeya:~# mount -t vfat /dev/sdc /media/usb0
FAT: bogus number of reserved sectors
VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdc.
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc,
  missing codepage or other error
  In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
  dmesg | tail  or so

---
¿Qué está mal? ¿Qué falta?
Bueno, agregaría que el resultado del ls es el mismo que si hiciera
# ls /proc/bus/usb/

Gracias!


Yo diría que tu cámara no es detectada como un sistema de archivos FAT.
Posiblemente necesitas formatear. Pero eso es lo que yo creo por el error
final. Disculpa que no sea de mayor ayuda, pero soy un newbie in Debian and
Linux en general, Por lo menos tu cámara se detecta, pero en mi caso no se
detecta nada, excepto el teclado y ratón (USB). Buena suerte.

Teilhard


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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

- Original Message - 
From: José Manuel Pérez [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: Debian_Español debian debian-user-spanish@lists.debian.org
Sent: Friday, September 16, 2005 4:19 AM
Subject: Re: Disco Flash



El 16 sep 2005, a las 10:30, Teilhard Knight escribió:

No he seguido todos los mensajes, pero por comentar ... Es raro  que en 
syslog no aparezca nada al conectar el pendrive, da la  sensación de que 
no hay soporte usb en el kernel. ¿Tal vez has  compilado el kernel y no 
añadiste soporte para usb? Hace falta  alguna cosa más, pero inicialmente 
con eso en syslog tiene que  aparecer que se ha conectado un nuevo 
dispositivo usb.


Sí, a mi también me parece que no tengo soporte USB. No he  compilado 
ningún kernel, es como quedan las cosas después de  instalar el kernel 
2.6.7-2-686-smp. Escogí este kernel porque mi  máquina tiene un procesador 
smp.


Los kernels de la instalación si suelen tener soporte USB. Lo de smp
es para máquinas con más de un procesador habitualmente, no se si
será útil para procesadores HT.

Ahora que lo dices, me pones a dudar.  Sin, embargo, si digo que quiero
instalar un kernel 2.6 desde la instalación, el disco flash no es detectado
por el instalador. Tengo que empezar la instalación como expert y solo así
me aparece el disco flah. También si instalo un kernel 2.4 se reconoce el
disco flash, pero al final mi ratón (USB) no funciona.

Al momento de instalar, me aparecen, además del disco duro, 4  bahías de 
memoria y el pendrive que lo mantengo insertado en la  instalación, si 
elijo la opción expert o un kernel 2.4.x. Pero si  elijo instalar con un 
kernel 2.6 o trato expert26 solo me aparece  el disco duro. Como mi 
máquina tiene un ratón y un teclado  inalámbricos, ambos controlados por 
una unidad central (pequeña),  el kernel 2.4 no lo soporta y al finalizar 
la instalación el  teclado funciona, pero el ratón se mueve pero debian no 
registra  los clicks.


¿No registra los clicks?, ¿quieres decir que al pulsar los botones
del ratón no pasa nada?

Exacto.

Acerca del soporte USB, la unidad central del teclado y del ratón  es USB, 
y funciona, pero al insertar mi adaptador USB inalámbrico,  el syslog 
tampoco lo registra.


Entonces si tienes soporte USB en el kernel. Prueba a ver si puedes
cargar el módulo usb-storage, es necesario para poder utilizar
pendrives y discos externos usb. Mirando en mis servidores si tienen
soporte usb en el kernel copiado por la instalación. Uno de ellos
tiene Debian SID con kernel 2.6.8 y otro Ubuntu (derivado de Debian)
con kernel 2.6.10. En ambos existe el módulo que te indico.

El módulo usb-storage está cargado en el kernel.

Me parece muy raro lo que me pasa y no creo encontrar una cura  obvia. 
Muchas gracias por responder.


Pues si que es un poco raro. A ver si tienes suerte y consigues que
funcione. En el peor de los casos, tendrías que compilar un kernel a
tu medida.

Tampoco así he tenido suerte. No porque el kernel no reconozca el disco
flash, sino porque los en dos kernels que he compilado no logro iniciar el
modo gráfico. No sé que hago a la hora de trabajar con make menuconfig, que
no puedo entrar ni a KDE ni a Gnome.

Ya tendré más experiencia para hacer cosas como compilar mi kernel. Gracias
por responder.

Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

- Original Message - 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: debian-user-spanish@lists.debian.org
Sent: Saturday, September 17, 2005 8:59 AM
Subject: Re: Disco Flash


No he seguido todos los posts que hay al respecto de tu problema con tu 
disco

flash , pero te comentare que yo estuve al borde de un ataque de nervios con
una unidad mp3 de traxdata que también admitía tarjetas sd , además de sus
256 mb y no había manera humana de montarla ya que no aparecía nada en el
momento de enchufarla. Estuve haciendo pruebas en todos los puertos y en 2 
de

los 8 puertos si me aparecían mensajes del kernel ( confusos y de error ) ,
hasta que recupere de un cajón un hub viejo y bingo , el problema era que el
dichoso aparaatito solo era compatible con usb 1.1 y todos los puertos
del super mega fantástico amd64 eran usb 2.0 , prueba ha investigar si es 
ese

tu problema .
un saludo

Acabo de checar tu hipótesis, y no es mi caso, desafortunadamente. Tengo 
tres puertos USB 1.1 y tres puertos USB 2.0, y ya cambié mis dispositivoas 
(el disco flash y el adaptador inalámbrico) de puertos de una clase a la 
otra y el syslog sigue sin reaccionar al insertar o remover. Es posible que 
mi problema sea trivial, pero el chiste es encontrar esa trivialidad. Muchas 
gracias por responder.


Teilhard.


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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

No he seguido todos los mensajes, pero por comentar ... Es raro que en 
syslog no aparezca nada al conectar el pendrive, da la sensación de que no 
hay soporte usb en el kernel. ¿Tal vez has compilado el kernel y no añadiste 
soporte para usb? Hace falta alguna cosa más, pero inicialmente con eso en 
syslog tiene que aparecer que se ha conectado un nuevo dispositivo usb.


Sí, a mi también me parece que no tengo soporte USB. No he compilado ningún 
kernel, es como quedan las cosas después de instalar el kernel 
2.6.7-2-686-smp. Escogí este kernel porque mi máquina tiene un procesador 
smp.


Al momento de instalar, me aparecen, además del disco duro, 4 bahías de 
memoria y el pendrive que lo mantengo insertado en la instalación, si elijo 
la opción expert o un kernel 2.4.x. Pero si elijo instalar con un kernel 
2.6 o trato expert26 solo me aparece el disco duro. Como mi máquina tiene 
un ratón y un teclado inalámbricos, ambos controlados por una unidad central 
(pequeña), el kernel 2.4 no lo soporta y al finalizar la instalación el 
teclado funciona, pero el ratón se mueve pero debian no registra los clicks.


Acerca del soporte USB, la unidad central del teclado y del ratón es USB, y 
funciona, pero al insertar mi adaptador USB inalámbrico, el syslog tampoco 
lo registra.


Me parece muy raro lo que me pasa y no creo encontrar una cura obvia. Muchas 
gracias por responder.


Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

Alejandro Hamann wrote:

Teilhard Knight wrote:


Bienvenido paisano! yo tambien soy nuevo aqui... saludos desde agua
prieta sonora! :D

Que agradable sorpresa. Espero que sientas una tan buena acogida en
la lista como la siento yo. Mucha suerte.

Teilhard.


Hola. Yo tambien soy nuevo por acá
Rspondí un par de mails y hasta envié otros por ciertos temas, pero ni
aparecen (a pesar de que estoy subscripto a la lista)...
Se que esto es un [MFT] (Mear Fuera del Tarro), pero una ayudita al
respecto no estaría mal.
Gracias y Disculpas.


No entiendo eso de mear fuera del tarro. Yo creo que la ayuda que aquí 
recibes es de primera calidad y yo estoy agradecido por todos los miembros 
que han contestado acerca de mi problema. Si no apareces cuando respondes 
asegurate de que estás mandando el mensaje a la lista y no a la dirección 
particular de la persona a quien respondes. Al principio me ocurría mucho 
esto.


Un saludo

Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

José Luis Patiño Andrés wrote:

El mar, 13-09-2005 a las 22:12 -0500, Teilhard Knight escribió:

Gracias. Yo creo que sí podemos entendernos, es solo la manera de
expresión lo que cambia.


/dev/sda1   /media/usbdisk  autorw,user,noauto  0   0


Esa línea la añadió el instalador de Debian para mi llavero, así que
allí está.

El instalador de Debian creó también el directorio /media/usb donde
montar mi llavero. El problema es que no lo puedo montar.

Gracias por los links, y sí, tal vez no sea una pregunta de Debian,
pero también tengo instalado Mandrake 10.1 y allí no hay problema.


Saludos.


Muchos saludos a ti también y gracias.

Teilhard.



Bueno, ¿y has probado a formatear el pendrive ese? Dale formato con
sistema de archivos FAT y vuelves a probar. Ya sé, igual ya lo tienes
formateado en FAT, pero no importa. Tú formatea de nuevo.

Es que ya es increíble lo que está costando... algo va mal en ese
pendrive seguro.

Saludos.


Yo también estoy sorprendido de lo que me está ocurriendo. El pedrive no es
el problema, funciona perfectamente en Win XP, en Mandrake 10.1 y en Fedora
4. Además tengo dos pendrives y para los dos ocurre lo mismo. También, tengo
6 computadoras y en todas funcionan los dos pendrives. Este es un problema
de Debian. si hago less /var/log/syslog e inserto el pendrive el log ni se
inmuta. Tampoco al desconectarlo tengo respuesta. Estuve pensando ir a un
grupo de hardware, pero no, estoy seguro que esto es un problems de Debian
en mi máquina.

Gracias por tu respuesta.

Teilhard.


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Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

Hola a todos:

Primero, soy nuevo en esta lista, segundo soy nuevo en Debian y Linux en 
general, aunque tengo una pequeñita experiencia en Mandrake, y tercero, soy 
Mexicano, de modo que les pido disculpas de antemano por las expresiones 
idimáticas que uso y que incluso hasta risa les pueden causar, debido a que 
he hechado un vistazo a la lista y la mayoría de ustedes son Españoles.


Mi problema es que no puedo por ningún motivo montar mi flash disk. Creo que 
ustedes le llaman llavero, pero no estoy seguro. He hecho maroma y media, y 
no puedo decubrir la causa. Tengo instalado un kernel 2.6.8-16-686-smp. Ya 
compilé el kernel con el kernel-image-2.6.8, ya seguí varios remedios que 
encuentro en Google, ya hice todo lo que mi poca experiencia puede hacer y 
el damn llavero sigue sin poderse montar. No me digan que haga:
mount -t msdos /dev/sda /media/usb, porque la respuesta que obtengo es 
couldn't find media. Sin embargo, en el menú de KDE se encuentra 
removable devices, y allí si me aparece el icono del llavero y su punto de 
montaje (como arriba), pero no lo puede montar.


He expuesto esto en la lista en Inglés y en alt.os.linux.debian y he sido 
flagrantemente ignorado.


Por cierto que mi objetivo final es poder usar mi adaptador inalámbrico para 
tener Internet, que es USB también. Pero si empezamos por lo más fácil es 
mejor, en mi opinion (también quiero que funcione el llavero, huh?).


Gracias por leerme,

Cordialmente,

Teilhard. 



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Re: Subir modulo a apache2

[Teilhard Knight]

Alejandro Garrido Mota wrote:

Hola como estan espero que me ayuden estoy usando apache2 y necesito
subir un modulo para poder usar wordpress ese modulo es mod_rewrite y
lo que hago es lo siguiente:
1. Edito el archivo /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
2. Agrego la siguiente Linea: LoadModule mod_rewrite
/usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_rewrite.so
3. Reinicio apache y me da un problema el cual es:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]:/etc/apache2/mods-available# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
Forcing reload of web server: Apache2Syntax error on line 7 of
/etc/apache2/httpd.conf:
Can't locate API module structure `mod_rewrite' in file
/usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_rewrite.so: /usr/lib/libapr-0.so.0:
undefined symbol: mod_rewrite

La verdad no se como resolverlo estoy usando debian etch y apache2
espero que me den una manito estamos hablando chao


Estoy haciendo mis primeros pininos ayudando, a cambio de todo lo que me han
ayudado, así que estás avisado.

No sé por qué haces lo que describes. Para subir un módulo al kernel
simplemente haces:

modprobe mod_rewrite

Sin embargo, si reinicias tienes que volverlo a subir. Parece que tu
quieres, por lo que veo, que tu módulo suba al reiniciar, y puede ser que se
haga como tú lo haces (no sé), pero  tu modulo no es mod_rewrite.so, sino
debe de ser mod_rewrite.ko. Por eso obtienes un eroor de undefined
symbols.

Espero que esto te ayude,

Cordialmente,

Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

Roberto Muñoz wrote:

Te recomiendo que instales los paquetes udev y hal


Ya los tengo instalados.


Por curiosidad que version de KDE usas? yo tenia ese mismo problema en
KDE3.4.1 y tenia que montarlos a mano con el mount como tu bien dices.
El caso es que actualizando a KDE3.4.2 se me soluciono el problema.


Pues la instalación me instaló la versión 3.3 de KDE. ¿Tú crees que esa sea
la causa?


En cuanto a tus otros problemas, si fuiste ignorado en las otras
listas seria porque este tema esta muy trillado en estas listas y si
buscas un poco por sus archivos encuentras millones de mails al
respecto.

Recuerda que Google es tu amigo, por no decirte STFW


Ya estoy saturado de Google. He encontrado varios casos del mismo problema
con las soluciones, pero simplemente no funcionan para mi.

 Un saludo.

Otro saludo y gracias.

Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

Roberto Muñoz wrote:

Por curiosidad que version de KDE usas? yo tenia ese mismo problema
en KDE3.4.1 y tenia que montarlos a mano con el mount como tu bien
dices. El caso es que actualizando a KDE3.4.2 se me soluciono el
problema.


Pues la instalación me instaló la versión 3.3 de KDE. ¿Tú crees que
esa sea la causa?


Ese no es el problema, me explico; yo tenia esa version de KDE y me
iba todo sobre ruedas, pero un dia me dejo de funcionar lo que tu
comentas hasta que no puse esta nueva version de KDE.
Asegurate que tu usuario esta en el grupo plugger o parecido.

O prueba con Gnome a ver si te funciona


Probé con Gnome y la situación es la misma. Cuando trato de montar el
llavero obtengo: no medium found, justo como en KDE. Sin embargo, aquí
también aparece el llavero en KDiskFree, solo que no se puede montar.


Gracias por tus respuestas.

Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

SoTMaR wrote:

On 13 September 2005, at 11:28 AM, Teilhard Knight wrote:


Hola a todos:


Hola.



Primero, soy nuevo en esta lista, segundo soy nuevo en Debian y
Linux en general, aunque tengo una pequeñita experiencia en
Mandrake, y tercero, soy Mexicano, de modo que les pido disculpas
de antemano por las expresiones idimáticas que uso y que incluso
hasta risa les pueden causar, debido a que he hechado un vistazo a
la lista y la mayoría de ustedes son Españoles.

Mi problema es que no puedo por ningún motivo montar mi flash disk.
Creo que ustedes le llaman llavero, pero no estoy seguro. He hecho
maroma y media, y no puedo decubrir la causa. Tengo instalado un
kernel 2.6.8-16-686-smp. Ya compilé el kernel con el kernel-
image-2.6.8, ya seguí varios remedios que encuentro en Google, ya
hice todo lo que mi poca experiencia puede hacer y el damn llavero
sigue sin poderse montar. No me digan que haga:
mount -t msdos /dev/sda /media/usb, porque la respuesta que obtengo
es couldn't find media. Sin embargo, en el menú de KDE se
encuentra removable devices, y allí si me aparece el icono del
llavero y su punto de montaje (como arriba), pero no lo puede montar.



Normalmente las memorias USB suelen llevar una partición FAT32. Lo
apropiado sería mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /media/usb. Es muy
importante /dev/sda1, tienes que indicarle el 1 para que sepa qué
partición montar dentro del dispositivo /dev/sda. También es
fundamental que el directorio /media/usb exista antes de llamar a
mount. Prueba y nos cuentas.


Cuando escribo vfat en lugar de msdos, obtengo el mismo resultado que antes:
no medium found Y he visto en /dev a ver que tengo, y no existe un Symlink
sda1. Tengo: sda, sdb, sdc, y sdd, solamente. De todos modos hice:
mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /media/usb y obtengo: special device /dev/sda1 does
not exist.

Muchas gracias de todos modos por tu intento,

Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

Ruben Charles wrote:

Por favor lee:

man mount

Alli encontrarás muchas aclaratorias y podras entender los errores que
estas recibiendo.


Leí el man page, pero no encontré nada que me pudiera ayudar a resolver mi 
problema. ¿Estoy pasando algo por alto?


Mil gracias por tu sugerencia,

Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

José Luis Patiño Andrés wrote:

El mar, 13-09-2005 a las 12:58 +0200, SoTMaR escribió:
On 13 September 2005, at 11:28 AM, Teilhard Knight wrote:


Hola a todos:


Hola.


Primero, soy nuevo en esta lista, segundo soy nuevo en Debian y
Linux en general, aunque tengo una pequeñita experiencia en
Mandrake, y tercero, soy Mexicano, de modo que les pido disculpas
de antemano por las expresiones idimáticas que uso y que incluso
hasta risa les pueden causar, debido a que he hechado un vistazo a
la lista y la mayoría de ustedes son Españoles.


Bienvenido a la lista y no te preocupes. Te entendemos perfectamente
;)


Gracias. Yo creo que sí podemos entendernos, es solo la manera de expresión 
lo que cambia.



Mi problema es que no puedo por ningún motivo montar mi flash disk.
Creo que ustedes le llaman llavero, pero no estoy seguro. He hecho
maroma y media, y no puedo decubrir la causa. Tengo instalado un
kernel 2.6.8-16-686-smp. Ya compilé el kernel con el kernel-
image-2.6.8, ya seguí varios remedios que encuentro en Google, ya
hice todo lo que mi poca experiencia puede hacer y el damn llavero
sigue sin poderse montar. No me digan que haga:
mount -t msdos /dev/sda /media/usb, porque la respuesta que obtengo
es couldn't find media. Sin embargo, en el menú de KDE se
encuentra removable devices, y allí si me aparece el icono del
llavero y su punto de montaje (como arriba), pero no lo puede montar.


Vale. ¿Miraste tu archivo /etc/fstab? Lo que tienes que hacer es
añadirle una entrada a ese archivo, tal que así:

/dev/sda1   /media/usbdisk  autorw,user,noauto  0   0


Esa línea la añadió el instalador de Debian para mi llavero, así que allí 
está.



Cuando abras el archivo entenderás lo que te he puesto ;)
Luego, por supuesto, deberás crear una carpeta de nombre usbdisk en
tu directorio /media. En verdad puedes ponerle el nombre que quieras
a la carpeta, pero observa siempre que este nombre sea el mismo en
los dos sitios: el directorio /media y el archivo /etc/fstab.

Ahora ya sí deberías poder hacer mount /media/usbdisk sin ningún
problema.


El instalador de Debian creó también el directorio /media/usb donde montar 
mi llavero. El problema es que no lo puedo montar.



Para más dudas de este tipo puedes consultar la página
http://www.laespiral.org En concreto, la receta para pendrives usb
está aquí: http://www.laespiral.org/recetas/101-200/receta119.html


He expuesto esto en la lista en Inglés y en alt.os.linux.debian y
he sido flagrantemente ignorado.


Suele pasar en listas grandes. Tal vez la gente haya considerado que
no es una pregunta acerca de Debian.


Gracias por los links, y sí, tal vez no sea una pregunta de Debian, pero 
también tengo instalado Mandrake 10.1 y allí no hay problema.



Por cierto que mi objetivo final es poder usar mi adaptador
inalámbrico para tener Internet, que es USB también. Pero si
empezamos por lo más fácil es mejor, en mi opinion (también quiero
que funcione el llavero, huh?).


Miedo me da ese adaptador inalámbrico usb :S


Jejejeje.


Saludos.


Muchos saludos a ti también y gracias.

Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

Bienvenido paisano! yo tambien soy nuevo aqui... saludos desde agua prieta 
sonora! :D


Que agradable sorpresa. Espero que sientas una tan buena acogida en la lista 
como la siento yo. Mucha suerte.


Teilhard. 



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Re: Disco Flash

[Teilhard Knight]

sda1 no es un symlink no se me ocurre nada... prueba ejecutando MAKEDEV
sda o algo asi

Tienes razón, es un device block. Ya tengo sda, que tal si lo hago para
sda1?

Gracias.

Teilhard. 



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Re: How to compile in Debian?

[Teilhard Knight]

Sent: Thursday, August 25, 2005 8:01 AM
Subject: Re: How to compile in Debian?


On 8/25/05, Teilhard Knight [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Suppose you want to compile your drivers for your wireless adapter, which 
is

what I actually want to do. If I am not mistaken, I need a build symbolic
link in uname -r to the kernel-source, and I need a linux symbolic link
from /usr/src where to the kernel source too, which also resides there.

Now, uname -r is for me: 2.6.8-2-686-smp, and the kernel source for a 
2.6.8
in the distribution only is found with Debian version 16 (2.6.8-16). Are 
the

kernel source and my kernel compatible?

Well, I am a newbie in Debian, and I am translating the little I know 
about

Mandrake. First think that called my attention was that after a fresh
install of Debian, the directory /usr/src, was empty.

I would appreciate any help you can give me to compile my drivers. And 
yes,

I have Googled but without luck.


apt-get install module-assistant
m-a prepare

That'll install the right kernel headers for you.

Thank you very much. I did as you said, but when I issue the command m-a 
prepare, I get the warning: /usr/src/kernel-source-2.6.8 seems to contain 
unconfigured kernel source. Is that bad?, and if so, how can I configure my 
kernel source? I know how to configure the kernel, but not the kernel 
source. I aborted and still the program installed the package build 
essential. I issued the command again and the warning keeps coming up. 
Could you tell me what to do?. Thanks.


Teilhard.


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How to compile in Debian?

[Teilhard Knight]

Suppose you want to compile your drivers for your wireless adapter, which is 
what I actually want to do. If I am not mistaken, I need a build symbolic 
link in uname -r to the kernel-source, and I need a linux symbolic link 
from /usr/src where to the kernel source too, which also resides there.


Now, uname -r is for me: 2.6.8-2-686-smp, and the kernel source for a 2.6.8 
in the distribution only is found with Debian version 16 (2.6.8-16). Are the 
kernel source and my kernel compatible?


Well, I am a newbie in Debian, and I am translating the little I know about 
Mandrake. First think that called my attention was that after a fresh 
install of Debian, the directory /usr/src, was empty.


I would appreciate any help you can give me to compile my drivers. And yes, 
I have Googled but without luck.


Teilhard. 



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Ndiswrapper

[Teilhard Knight]

Hello:

I am a newbie in Debian with a tiny experience in Mandrake.

I have been trying to put my wireless adapter at work in Debian. Compilation 
of the binary drivers was impossible, so I am trying to install ndiswrapper. 
For that I need the kernel-source which matches my kernel and a symbolic link 
linux in /usr/src pointing to the kernel-source also in /usr/src. I have 
set up all this.

For compiling and installing Ndiswrapper I am following the instructions in 
sourceforge.net:

http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/InstallDebian,

(should you like to have a peep). Problem is, I run into problems when I try 
to compile the Ndiswrapper package. Doing: fakeroot debian/rules 
binary-modules gives me the error: Can't find kernel sources 
in /usr/src/linux;. I do not know what to do now, I do not know if the 
kernel-source lacks something, what I am doing is correct, or I am simply too 
newbie.

I would appreciate is someone helps me install Ndiswrapper in my Debian 
3.1r0a-i386. Thanks.

Teilhard.


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Problems with kernel-image-2.4.27-1-k7 (2.4.27-6) (Testing)

[Jedi Knight]

Hello, 

I'm running woody here with some packages from sid and
sarge. I was using the 2.4.27-1-k7 kernel (version
2.4.27-2) and everything was working perfectly. Some
time ago an update was released (version 2.4.2-6), so
I installed it through apt-get. However, to my
surprise, I started to have problems with my USR 56k
5610A modem. With the newer kernel version, I'm only
able to connect at 9600 speed rate (I always connect
at 50666 or higher speed rate). I tried reconfiguring
the /dev/ttyS4 device, reconfiguring my ppp, checked
/etc/serial.conf, but all in vain. What is wrong with
the new kernel? Please help me! 

=
May the force be with you.

__
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Re: PPP ip-up and firestarter

[Jedi Knight]

--- Wayne Topa [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Jedi Knight([EMAIL PROTECTED]) is
 reported to have said:
  Hello,
  
  I'm using debian and use ppp to dial to my ISP. I
  wanted to start firestarter whenever my connection
 is
  up and stop it whenever my connection goes down.
  Firestarter creates automatically a script in
  /etc/ppp/ip-ip.d/ directory so that /etc/ppp/ip-up
  script runs it whenever ppp is up. However, it's
 not
  working. 
 What do you mean by it's not working?
 
 If you do 
 $iptables -L 
 what do you see?
 
  Although I get the message that ip-up script
  started, nothing seems to happen. 
 
 What are you expecting to see?  Is the 'Active'
 status showing it is
 'disabled or what? 
 
  I check the
  firestarter status with /etc/init.d/firestarter
 status
  and it tells me that it's not running. What could
 be
  the problem? Thanks for your help.
 
 I just tested the version I am running, 1.0.1-1, and
 
 /etc/init.d/firestarter start does start the
 firewall and
 /etc/init.d/firestarter status does say it is up and
 iptables -L does display the firewall rules.
 
 I do notice one bug tho, I have a script in
 /etc/ppp/ip-dowd.d to
 stop the firewall and it does, as shown the
 /etc/init.d/firestarter
 status script but the GUI status indicator still
 says it is active.
 
 As a Jedi you should remember that you have to
 explain the problem in
 more detail to us mere mortals.  :-)
 
 WT
 -- 
 You are making progress if each mistake is a new
 one.

___

Oh... sorry about that. Sometimes I just forget that
I'm a Jedi... :)
Anyway, whenever I get connected to my ISP, I get the
message that the ip-up script has started and a little
while later, that it has finished. However, If I check
iptables -L, there's no rules at all. And
/etc/init.d/firestarter status tells me it's stopped.
The firestarter GUI status is stopped too. So I have
to start it manually every time I get connected. It
seems that the ip-up script is not being run correctly
by pppd, but I just don't know what could be wrong
with it. The funny thing is that if I run
/etc/ppp/ip-up manually after the connection is made
it works perfectly.



=
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PPP ip-up and firestarter

[Jedi Knight]

Hello,

I'm using debian and use ppp to dial to my ISP. I
wanted to start firestarter whenever my connection is
up and stop it whenever my connection goes down.
Firestarter creates automatically a script in
/etc/ppp/ip-ip.d/ directory so that /etc/ppp/ip-up
script runs it whenever ppp is up. However, it's not
working. Although I get the message that ip-up script
started, nothing seems to happen. I check the
firestarter status with /etc/init.d/firestarter status
and it tells me that it's not running. What could be
the problem? Thanks for your help.




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Re: fsck i /

[Just a friendly Jedi Knight]

On Tue, Jul 08, 2003 at 07:43:01PM +0200, [LocK] wrote:
 Just a friendly Jedi Knight wrote:
 
 bez restartu - oczywiscie tak aby nie uszkodzic zadnych danych ?

 
 W ten sposób nie uszkodzisz danych (w każdym razie mnie się to jeszcze
 nie przydarzyło). 
 
 No walsnie a mi sie przytrafilo. Urzywam pysyemu plikow Ext3 i fsck 
 Jak chcesz journal'a to uzywaj jakiegos porzadnego file-systemu (XFS)
;o)))
 pomieszal cos z journal'em. System dalej chodzi ale nie dlugo tzn. do 
 momentu restartu.
 W trakce restartu odpalal sie fsck i sprawdzal / , znajdowal bledy ale 
 ich nie mogl naprawic. Dopiero odpalenie z CD instalacyjnego i male 
 Nie mogl naprawic ale zapewne zasugerowal przejscie do trybu
 single-user i reczne fsck. Zgadza sie? Odpalanie z instalacyjnego CD
 mialo dokladnie taki sam efekt (uruchomiles fsck bez opcji -a -y i
 pewnie jeszcze jakichs albo jakichs innych - nie chce mi sie grzebac
 w /etc/rcS.d/)
 kombinacje spowodowaly uruchomienie sys. Zadne dane nie zostaly 
 utracone, a system pracuje do dzis.
 No to w koncu jak to jest? Utraciles dane czy nie? (Pierwsze zdanie
 - tam na gorze - wydawaloby sie wskazywac ze utraciles a ostatnie
 zdanie mowi ze nie utraciles)

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Re: fsck i /

[Just a friendly Jedi Knight]

On Tue, Jul 08, 2003 at 11:58:04PM +0200, Robert Skup wrote:
  mount -o remount,ro /dev/hda1
  fsck /dev/hda1
 
 Z tego co mi się do tej pory wydawało, to w trybie ro partycję można
 bezproblemowo sprawdzać fsck i jeżeli pokaże błędy to znaczy, że one tam są.
 Przecież system nie ma możliwości zapisywania danych więc dane są statyczne.
 Co innego z możliwością naprawy ich, to w tym trybie jej nie ma i wtedy
 musimy uruchomić system z innego dysku (lub nie montując tej partycji)
 fsck nie dotyczy tryb ro mount'a.. fsck dziala na nizszym poziomie.
 fsck'owanie takiej partycji *powinno* ja naprawic. Reboot po czyms
 takim moze byc wymagany jesli struktury na dysku sie na tyle
 pozmienialy, ze to co kernel ma w pamieci nijak sie trzyma kupy z tym
 co na dysku.

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Re: fsck i /

[Just a friendly Jedi Knight]

On Wed, Jul 09, 2003 at 02:09:08PM +0200, [LocK] wrote:

 Danych nie stracilem (tylko troche czasu). Ale powniewaz poruszany 
 problem istnieje na zdalnej maszynie to ja nie polecam zabawy na 
 zamontowanym systemie plikow ;]
 Nikt nie poleca takiej zabawy.. czasem jest to jednak jedyne
 wyjscie (niektorych filesystemow nie da sie odmontowac co nadal nie
 przeszkadza w ich fsck'owaniu)

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Re: fsck i /

[Just a friendly Jedi Knight]

On Wed, Jul 09, 2003 at 08:31:06PM +0200, Piotr Trochymiak wrote:

  wybierz system plików, który jest odporny na pady zasilania i błędy:
  reiserfs, xfs lub jfs. 
 
 nic to nieda,  wszytkie systemy ktore wymieniles rownie dobrze padaja
 przy zwisach i padnieciu zasialania lub przy chaotycznym
 Od 2 lat uzywam xfs'a i jeszcze nigdy nie mialem z nim problemow (a
 jedna z maszyn z xfs'em czesto sobie lubi zrobic chaotyczny zwis/reset)
 Co innego reiserfs (po tym jak jakies 2.5 roku temu reiserfs byl
 uprzejmy zniknac zawartosc jednej z partycji - nie uzywam)
 JFS'em jeszcze sie nie bawilem 

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Re: fsck i /

[Just a friendly Jedi Knight]

On Tue, Jul 08, 2003 at 02:35:22PM +0200, SaPeR wrote:
 w jaki sposob sprawdzic zamontowana partycje
 probowalem:
 mount -o remount,ro /dev/hda1
 fsck /dev/hda1
 
 ale fsck mowi ze nie powinno sie sprawdzac zamontowanych
 systemow plikow
 
 W jaki sposob sprawdzic zamontowany system plikow
 Dokładnie tak jak napisałeś wyżej. Fsck wypisuje po prostu ostrzeżenie,
 że filesystem jest zamontowany (głównie chodzi o to by nie zmieniła
 się zawartość dysku w trakcie fsck'owania).
 bez restartu - oczywiscie tak aby nie uszkodzic zadnych danych ?
 W ten sposób nie uszkodzisz danych (w każdym razie mnie się to jeszcze
 nie przydarzyło). 

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 Use ROT-13 =o) | http://gaciale.plukwa.net/| faith disturbing
Some day I will be the most powerfull admin ever! - AOTC^HU

Re: firewall

[Just a friendly Jedi Knight]

On Mon, Jul 07, 2003 at 12:10:20PM +0200, Maciej Bobrowski wrote:

 jakos nie dziala. probuje sie zatelnetowac z tego IP na 34300 a on mowi,
 ze:
 
 telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused
 A cokolwiek slucha na tym porcie? (netstat -tapn)

 na niego zatelnetowac. Nie wiem w czym problem. Moze na niego nie mozna
 sie w ogole polaczyc??
 Zapewne tak wlasnie jest

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OK, I did my homework and red your answers carefuly

[Teilhard Knight]

USB modem uses device ttySL0 as default and Win Modem uses ttyLT0. I just
want to ask whether wvdial looks in those device entries, because it finds
no modems in my system when I make it search for a modem. Thanks.

Teilhard Knight
The Extraterrestrial

Who ate my sandwich?


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Re: OK, I did my homework and red your answers carefuly

[Teilhard Knight]

  USB modem uses device ttySL0 as default and Win Modem uses
  ttyLT0. I just want to ask whether wvdial looks in those device
  entries, because it finds no modems in my system when I make it
  search for a modem. Thanks.
 

 I don't know about the status of these win/USB modems on linux but
 if u'r sure yours is supported then maybe u should make a symlink
 named cdrom pointing to the relevant device. As far as i remember
 wvdial looks for /dev/cdrom and i'm sure u can specify this in
 wvdial.conf though have'nt used wvdial in some time now.
 Sharninder Singh
 National Institute Of Management, Calcutta


Thank you. I surely have symbolic links /dev/modem and /dev/modem2 for each
modems. The driver installation makes in each case a /dev/modem one, and I
changed one of them as 2.

Teilhard Knight
The Extraterrestrial

Who ate my sandwich?


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Re: OK, I did my homework and red your answers carefuly

[Teilhard Knight]

 On Sun, Mar 09, 2003 at 04:54:58PM +0530, Sharninder wrote:
 
   USB modem uses device ttySL0 as default and Win Modem uses ttyLT0. I
   just want to ask whether wvdial looks in those device entries,
   because it finds no modems in my system when I make it search for a
   modem. Thanks.
 
  I don't know about the status of these win/USB modems on linux but if
  u'r sure yours is supported then maybe u should make a symlink named
  cdrom pointing to the relevant device. As far as i remember wvdial
  looks for /dev/cdrom and i'm sure u can specify this in wvdial.conf

 /dev/cdrom???  for a modem?


Yes, one thing is the modem itself and another the symbolic link. I can
always make the second, modem or not.

Teilhard Knight
The Extraterrestrial

Who ate my sandwich?


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Still struggling with my modem(s)

[Teilhard Knight]

It seems the installation of my USB modem drivers went OK. At least I didn't
get any error messages. I think I made the mistake of installing the drivers
for my Win Modem just after that and before testing USB. Here (when
installing the Win Modem drivers) I got error messages. Apparently both
devices want to take the thing (I do not know what it really is) tty SL0
(please notice the *L* in there, it is not ttyS0), and assign the symbolic
link /dev/modem to them. So the Win Modem installation gave me the
instructions:

The modem symbolic link is: /dev/modem --- ./ttySL0 (please notice the dot
just before /).
This will conflict with support for the Lucent Win Modem.
Please: rm -f /dev/modem
and assign another symbolic link to ./ttySL0, such as:
ln -s ./ttySL0/dev/modem2.

Now, I did nothing. I installed the USB drivers again, and I thought I had
restored everything for the USB modem, and tested. In the /root directory I
found modem all right. Tested, wvdial says /dev/modem no such device.
Now, I do not know what created the entry modem in the root directory. I
ran the Win Modem installation again expecting to get the same errors, but
no, it completed without any error messages. Test. wvdial: /dev/modem, no
such device. I installed the USB drivers again.

Last I did is follow the advise of a friend of mine and do the following:

rm -f /dev/modem
ln -s tty USB0 modem
Ln -s ./ttyUSB0/dev/modem

/dev/modem already exists

ln -s tty LS0 modem2
ln -s ./ttyS0/dev/modem2


I simply have just a blurred idea of what is going on, but I would want to
have the USB modem as /dev/modem, and the Win Modem as /devmodem2.

Now, could you please, first excuse me for my dumbness, and repetitions and
second treat me as a real dumb (apple style, well, you can do it Windows
style) and explain to me what am I doing, what is ttySL0, ttyS0, ttyUSB0,
etc, and what can I do to fix my problem?

By the way, if I put /dev/modem in diald in KDE for FIFO (if I understood
well, /dev/modem is a FIFO, is it not?), the thing protests, if I put
/dev/modem2, the thing doesn't protest, but does nothing. And in wvdial in
the command line I cannot try /dev/modem2 because it is not in the
wvdial.config file. Can you tell me how to configure it to make it dial both
/dev/modem and /dev/modem2?

Sorry about it all. Just short of time to do a proper research.

Teilhard Knight
The Extraterrestrial

Who ate my sandwich?



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Re: Dummy

[Teilhard Knight]

Thank you, I already installed the modem. The instructions that came with
the .tar.gz file were very good. Now I have the problem of adding myself to
the dialing group, I haven't found the way to do it. I was told to go to the
/etc/group file and add myself in the entry:

dialing:1004:user1,user2.,

but I do not have that entry in my group file. I haven't tried to enter it
by hand, I feel it is rather unusual. I can't find in Gnome where to do it,
and I was told in KDE it is easy. I added a .xinitrc file to my home
directory with the line: exec kde, but the damn system refuses to start
with a non default X. Any suggestions?

Teilhard Knight
The Extraterrestrial

Who ate my sandwich?





 Teilhard Knight wrote:

 I guess you are right. I tried today to install as a root using
 rpm, and I got the reply you say: database doesn't exist. Is
 alien in the distribution of Debian or should I grab it apart? I
 think I'll have a look.
 
 
 Leo Spalteholz wrote:

 I've never had much luck installing anything with alien.  Unless it's
 something trivial, it will usually be broken in some way after
 install..
 
 Tielhard Knight wrote:

 Any suggestions, then? I have been able to get the drivers in a .tar.gz
 compressed file they say generically is for Linux, not what
distribution.
 Guess I'll have to find what to do with them. Thanks.
 
 

 There's no harm in trying alien; if it doesn't work, you can fall back
 to using the tarball'ed version.

 apt-get install alien
 alien --to-deb foo.rpm
 dpkg -i foo.deb

 Kent

 
 



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Re: Couple of more questions.

[Teilhard Knight]

 On Sun, 2003-03-02 at 00:32, Teilhard Knight wrote:
  - Original Message -
  From: Sebastiaan [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  Sent: Saturday, March 01, 2003 8:56 AM
  Subject: Re: Couple of more questions.
 
 
   Hi,
  
   On Sat, 1 Mar 2003, Kent West wrote:
  
   snip
   
Second. My ISP is a log on ASDL provider. That means I have to use
my
Ethernet card and log with a username and a password. I do not have
a
  static
IP, but everytime a log I am assigned one (dynamic). Any way to
  configure
this in Debian? My card (it is built in the motherboard) is an
Intel
  Pro
100/ VE.


   At first you have to get your ehternet card working properly. When you
got
   that to work, consult the standard documentation from your provider
how
   things are done in windoze and 'translate' this into Linux.
 
 
 
  Thanks Sebastiaan. The thing is that I configure that in Windows very
easily
  because it has the option of a broadband connection which required a
login
  and a pasword. For other MS OS's nor WinXP a configuration CD is used.
Both
  methods leave you with an icon you only click to connect. Nothing much
in
  the way to know how things work and I doubt my ISP's support people
would be
  able to help because they are happy just to lead you through the CD
  installation wizard.

 The easiest way to do this, is run pppoeconf (as root), this will lead
 you through some simple prompts after which everything should Just Work.
 I have used this with both bellsouth and ameritech DSL with 0 problems.



Thank you, I'll do that as sooon as I finish with my dialup modem and I am
sure I have the right drivers for my Ethernet card.



  Who ate my sandwich?

 Not me ;-)


How can I be sure ;o)

Teilhard Knight
The Extraterrestrial

Who ate my sandwich?


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Re: Dummy

[Teilhard Knight]

 On March 2, 2003 12:40 pm, Teilhard Knight wrote:
   On March 2, 2003 08:03 am, Teilhard Knight wrote:
 Kent West wrote:
  Teilhard Knight wrote:
  Kent West wrote:
 
  But
  natively, Debian doesn't use the .rpm format
  (although it can in many cases with the alien package).
 
  Thanks a lot, Kent. A friend of mine told me Debian takes
  Red Hat
   
drivers
   
  and to install it as simply as: rpm -ivh package_name.
  This must be news for
  you, so maybe I, through my friend, am contributing
  something.
 
  :o)
 
  Wow! You're right; I didn't know about the rpm command
  being on Debian. But sure enough, it's on my box, and the
  man page says indicates that it'll install rpms.

 The man page is lying.  rpm is there to be used by alien and
 to build rpms, it can't install packages because the rpm
 package database doesn't exist.  If you try to create an rpm
 package database in order to get it to work, don't expect
 your system to stay unbroken for long.
   
I guess you are right. I tried today to install as a root using
rpm, and I got the reply you say: database doesn't exist. Is
alien in the distribution of Debian or should I grab it apart?
I think I'll have a look.
  
   I've never had much luck installing anything with alien.  Unless
   it's something trivial, it will usually be broken in some way
   after install..
 
  Any suggestions, then? I have been able to get the drivers in a
  .tar.gz compressed file they say generically is for Linux, not what
  distribution. Guess I'll have to find what to do with them. Thanks.
 
  Teilhard Knight
  The Extraterrestrial
 
  Who ate my sandwich?

 You will most likely have to compile it then.  There should be a file
 called README or INSTALL in that package somewhere.  tar.gz is a
 compressed archive archive file similar to .zip so you will need to
 uncompress it first.


Yep, I compiled all right. I feel like a new man now (he). The install file
was very good. I just did what it said and everything worked just neat. I
was familiar with compression in Unix before, so, that part posed no
problems.

Teilhard Knight
The Extraterrestrial

Who ate my sandwich?


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Win Modem

[Teilhard Knight]

I got the drivers for my Win Modem and I just installed an USB modem. Now,
when I try to install the Win Modem drivers I get:

The modem symbolic link is: /dev/modem --- ./ttySL0
This will conflict with support for the Lucent Modem (the win modem)
Please: rm -f /dev/modem
and assign another symbolic link to ./ttySL0, such as:
ln -s ./ttySL0/dev/modem2

I am being told what I have do, I just want to check with you whether there
are no risks in doing it this way, or if something might happen. One thing I
do not get is that ./ttySL0 would be assigned to both modems. Is this
correct?

Another silly question for you. How can I make work my floppy drive in the
command line? It simply doesn't move. For the CD I do apt-cdrom add in a
directory different than /cdrom in order to make it work. Am I doing all
right?

Teilhard Knight
The Extraterrestrial

Who ate my sandwich?


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What he heck is FIFO?

[Teilhard Knight]

Sorry, I am just getting tired that for dialing my ISP everything seems to
frustrate me.

I suppose a way to dial is with Diald. Now, there are no options to dial,
but to connect. There are two kinds of connection: remote and local. For the
remote I am asked for an IP and port. Grrr. For the local I am asked for a
FIFO. Please tell me what to do to dial. By the way, I am in Gnome.

Teilhard Knight
The Extraterrestrial

Who ate my sandwich?


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