Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
KV9U wrote: > SSB nets are not running digital modes and their frequency is the > dial frequency, whether USB or LSB. CW nets are based on the zero > beat frequency, but different rigs have different CW offsets. Many > rigs have the ability for the operator to change the CW pitch to > center the received audio frequency in the filters as well as meet > operator preference. The other operator has no idea that you are > doing this as long as you are zero beat on the frequency. > > KV9U I think everything is relative, and SSB is broad enough to fiil your filter with a single signal. So there should be no mistakes. But with data modes, some other reference, preferably related to its spectrum on the air is to be preferred, as RTTY has long done with the mark frequency. Taking it to the extreme, on 14070 (dial) USB I can sometimes find up to some 20 filling my 2.7 kHz wide filter. But it could be fairly easy to unmistakably identify a PSK31 signal on 14071.225 among the others as a combination of dial frequency and waterfall frequency. I believe it is my duty to do that math. I am lucky enough to have had my radio calibrated to 1 Hz off from WWV. At least, I am trusting Spectran to say the true frequency, and on 14999 USB (dial) my radio gave a 1001 Hz beat note. I gave up attempting to rock the reference trimmer with any precision beyond that, it is really not repeatable. 73, Jose, CO2JA __ V Conferencia Internacional de Energía Renovable, Ahorro de Energía y Educación Energética. 22 al 25 de mayo de 2007 Palacio de las Convenciones, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba http://www.cujae.edu.cu/eventos/cier
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
Hi Guys, For optimal ALE reception you want your RX passband set to 1625hz when using less than 2.8 or 3.0Khz IF filtering, anyone running a ham rig with the typical 2.1 to 2.7 filtering will need to enable IF shift and move it up in frequency else you are starving the modem from seeing all 8FSK tones properly. Depending on the particular software tool being used for ALE intercept this can be seen visual if a tuning display is provided, such as the TUNE Tones display in PC-ALE and the water fall in MultiPSK. /s/ Steve, N2CKH At 12:50 PM 2/24/2007, you wrote: >The ICOM 756 Pro 2 centers on 1500 Hz. If anyone knows if you can change >the center, I would like to know how to do it. My preference would be >1000 Hz since it makes it easier to increment one kHz from the dial >frequency. > >As mentioned to Jose, the correct frequency you were operating on was >14.111, not 14110. > >SSB nets are not running digital modes and their frequency is the dial >frequency, whether USB or LSB. CW nets are based on the zero beat >frequency, but different rigs have different CW offsets. Many rigs have >the ability for the operator to change the CW pitch to center the >received audio frequency in the filters as well as meet operator >preference. The other operator has no idea that you are doing this as >long as you are zero beat on the frequency. > >KV9U > > >John Bradley wrote: > > > I appologize, since I didn't realise that it is equipment > defficiencies which do not allow you to change from the 1500hz center point. > > It must be an Icom thing, since the Kenwood equipment I am using > permits centering on 1000,1500, or 2210 hz. > > > > I think that you should take up your cause with all the many > digital, RTTY and SSB nets around the world who only specify > > a VFO frequency as opposed to the exact frequency of the offset > or sideband in use. It certainly is a "slap in the face" to good > operating practices and should not be condoned by experienced > operators anywhere. > > > > Some remedial math might also be in order since 14109.5 + 1500hz > is 14111.0 ( not that this supports my argument or anything) > > > > "Nuf said, will continue to bumble along with VFO frequencies, > trusting that others can deal with the vagarities of their equipment, > > and hope that we can co-exist for the common good. > > > > somewhat tongue-in-cheek, > > > > > > John > > VE5MU > > > > > > > > > > > > > >--- > --- > > > > > > No virus found in this incoming message. > > Checked by AVG Free Edition. > > Version: 7.5.446 / Virus Database: 268.18.3/699 - Release Date: > 2/23/2007 1:26 PM > > > > > > > > > > > > > >No virus found in this incoming message. > >Checked by AVG Free Edition. > >Version: 7.5.446 / Virus Database: 268.18.3/699 - Release Date: > 2/23/2007 1:26 PM > > > > > > > > > >Announce your digital presence via our DX Cluster >telnet://cluster.dynalias.org > >Our other groups: > >http://groups.yahoo.com/group/dxlist/ >http://groups.yahoo.com/group/themixwgroup >http://groups.yahoo.com/group/contesting >http://groups.yahoo.com/group/wnyar >http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Omnibus97 > > >Yahoo! Groups Links > > >
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
The ICOM 756 Pro 2 centers on 1500 Hz. If anyone knows if you can change the center, I would like to know how to do it. My preference would be 1000 Hz since it makes it easier to increment one kHz from the dial frequency. As mentioned to Jose, the correct frequency you were operating on was 14.111, not 14110. SSB nets are not running digital modes and their frequency is the dial frequency, whether USB or LSB. CW nets are based on the zero beat frequency, but different rigs have different CW offsets. Many rigs have the ability for the operator to change the CW pitch to center the received audio frequency in the filters as well as meet operator preference. The other operator has no idea that you are doing this as long as you are zero beat on the frequency. KV9U John Bradley wrote: > I appologize, since I didn't realise that it is equipment defficiencies > which do not allow you to change from the 1500hz center point. > It must be an Icom thing, since the Kenwood equipment I am using permits > centering on 1000,1500, or 2210 hz. > > I think that you should take up your cause with all the many digital, RTTY > and SSB nets around the world who only specify > a VFO frequency as opposed to the exact frequency of the offset or sideband > in use. It certainly is a "slap in the face" to good operating practices and > should not be condoned by experienced operators anywhere. > > Some remedial math might also be in order since 14109.5 + 1500hz is 14111.0 > ( not that this supports my argument or anything) > > "Nuf said, will continue to bumble along with VFO frequencies, trusting that > others can deal with the vagarities of their equipment, > and hope that we can co-exist for the common good. > > somewhat tongue-in-cheek, > > > John > VE5MU > > > > > > >-- > > > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG Free Edition. > Version: 7.5.446 / Virus Database: 268.18.3/699 - Release Date: 2/23/2007 > 1:26 PM > > > > > > >No virus found in this incoming message. >Checked by AVG Free Edition. >Version: 7.5.446 / Virus Database: 268.18.3/699 - Release Date: 2/23/2007 1:26 >PM > >
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
You are of course right, Jose. That was a typo and should have read 14.111. Thanks for the correction. Rick, KV9U Jose A. Amador wrote: >KV9U wrote: > > >>When John, VE5MU, claims to be transmitting on 14109.5, he is >>actually centering his transmitting frequency on 14.110. >> >> > >No, 14111.14109.5 kHz + 1.5 kHz > >I did have to tune around, but I finally found him. > >Of course, it is easier to state the RF center frequency. >The rest is my problem, dealing with my radio and preferences. > >Jose, CO2JA > > > >__ > >V Conferencia Internacional de Energía Renovable, Ahorro de Energía y >Educación Energética. >22 al 25 de mayo de 2007 >Palacio de las Convenciones, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba >http://www.cujae.edu.cu/eventos/cier > > > >
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
At 10:19 AM 2/24/2007, you wrote in part: >The truth is that no one used the AFSK dial frequency Sure they did. Is was so easy to just say the dial frequency rather saying put you mark on . I don't recall anyone running AFSK that would call out mark or space frequency. It was always dial freq.
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
"My equipment has optimum filtering when operating in SSB digital modes only when I center the frequency at 1500 Hz. Therefore, I move my VFO appropriately if I hear something that I want to decode. I only move around the waterfall for casual checking of signals or if they are very strong and I am betting that I won't need any filtering in place. I admit that there have been a number of times that I was in QSO with someone away from the optimum 1500 Hz point and some QRM appeared that I could not filter out." I appologize, since I didn't realise that it is equipment defficiencies which do not allow you to change from the 1500hz center point. It must be an Icom thing, since the Kenwood equipment I am using permits centering on 1000,1500, or 2210 hz. I think that you should take up your cause with all the many digital, RTTY and SSB nets around the world who only specify a VFO frequency as opposed to the exact frequency of the offset or sideband in use. It certainly is a "slap in the face" to good operating practices and should not be condoned by experienced operators anywhere. Some remedial math might also be in order since 14109.5 + 1500hz is 14111.0 ( not that this supports my argument or anything) "Nuf said, will continue to bumble along with VFO frequencies, trusting that others can deal with the vagarities of their equipment, and hope that we can co-exist for the common good. somewhat tongue-in-cheek, John VE5MU -- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.446 / Virus Database: 268.18.3/699 - Release Date: 2/23/2007 1:26 PM
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
KV9U wrote: > > When John, VE5MU, claims to be transmitting on 14109.5, he is > actually centering his transmitting frequency on 14.110. No, 14111.14109.5 kHz + 1.5 kHz I did have to tune around, but I finally found him. Of course, it is easier to state the RF center frequency. The rest is my problem, dealing with my radio and preferences. Jose, CO2JA __ V Conferencia Internacional de Energía Renovable, Ahorro de Energía y Educación Energética. 22 al 25 de mayo de 2007 Palacio de las Convenciones, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba http://www.cujae.edu.cu/eventos/cier
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
Maybe Canadians did RTTY/digital data differently than the rest of the world? John's comment that there is a tradition that when a frequency is given that it means VFO frequency just is not true from any historical perspective. It may be that he never operated RTTY which is the historical beginning of what most of us consider to be digital operation and typically the mark frequency was often given. When an operator gave a frequency it was the actual frequency they were operating. If an operator was using AFSK, they would have to calculate the difference to put themselves on the correct frequency. This was absolutely critical when using autostart. And it was also savvy and knowledgeable operating. The truth is that no one used the AFSK dial frequency to indicate their digital frequency unless they did not understand that running AFSK is going to give you a significantly different transmission frequency than those who specified the actual mark, space, or center frequency they were operating. There are a few rigs that will display space or mark tones for RTTY operation. Also, some digital programs, such as WinWarbler, display the actual frequency above the waterfall assuming you have rig control. If you have used this program, you will note that when you set your frequency on the nearest KHz, it will display that frequency on the left most part of the waterfall and the frequencies above that point if using USB. So, if you set the program to RTTY, it has the standard 2125/2295 Hz points marked on the waterfall which has been the standard for the high tone pair for mark and space for many decades. If you wanted to tune in those tones at their standard audio frequency, at an RF frequency of 14109.5, you would need to set your dial frequency at 14107.30. This was often needed because the most U.S. TU's required the tone pair of 2125/2295 Hz in order to insure minimal chance of sending harmonics from the rig. It sounds complicated, but with WinWarbler it does not require any calculations since you just center the tones in the marked area. For PSK31, assuming you want to center a 14109.5 kHz signal at 1500 Hz, you would of course set your rig to 14.108.0 and you would be at the correct frequency. When I tell someone that I am transmitting on 14109.5, I always put my cursor on the 1500 Hz point on the waterfall to center the mode, and move my VFO to 14108.0 so that I really have my signal on 14109.5. When John, VE5MU, claims to be transmitting on 14109.5, he is actually centering his transmitting frequency on 14.110. While you may be able to tune around to find him, I think that most reasonable and hopefully savvy digital operators would agree that knowing his actual frequency is much better. It is probably not too unfair to say that the increased use of AFSK has made a number of hams confused about what frequency they were on. Even voice can be an issue when we consider centered frequencies, and not dial frequency. Look what has to be done just to operate USB voice modes on 60 meters. We are given the center frequency and have to calculate our frequency from that point to work with our dial frequency readout. My equipment has optimum filtering when operating in SSB digital modes only when I center the frequency at 1500 Hz. Therefore, I move my VFO appropriately if I hear something that I want to decode. I only move around the waterfall for casual checking of signals or if they are very strong and I am betting that I won't need any filtering in place. I admit that there have been a number of times that I was in QSO with someone away from the optimum 1500 Hz point and some QRM appeared that I could not filter out. A truly experienced digital operator would not expect another operator to find them "somewhere" away from the dial frequency when they can just give them the frequency. KV9U John Bradley wrote: >I know this argument has been beaten to death before,but here it goes again. I >think all of us who are using digital modes understand >the offset concept. > >If you specify a VFO frequency, this is a good starting point for finding the >other station. With the number of modes out >that allow tuning the offset, the offset can vary from under 500hz to 2000hz >and still stay within the bandpass of most rigs. > >If I am in QSO sequentially with several other stations, I would be using the >tunable offset to receive the signal as best I can, therefore the >offset is not fixed, but my VFO frequency is. In a similar fashion I may have >tuned the offset to avoid a CW station, again staying >at the same VFO frequency. > >Specifing a VFO frequency establishes a point to look up from . Most >experienced operators would tune their offsets from 500hz up to 2000hz >looking for the signal. And usually once you set the VFO frequency, the signal >you are looking for is pretty obvious. > >Traditionally, when a frequency is given that means VFO frequency,
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
I know this argument has been beaten to death before,but here it goes again. I think all of us who are using digital modes understand the offset concept. If you specify a VFO frequency, this is a good starting point for finding the other station. With the number of modes out that allow tuning the offset, the offset can vary from under 500hz to 2000hz and still stay within the bandpass of most rigs. If I am in QSO sequentially with several other stations, I would be using the tunable offset to receive the signal as best I can, therefore the offset is not fixed, but my VFO frequency is. In a similar fashion I may have tuned the offset to avoid a CW station, again staying at the same VFO frequency. Specifing a VFO frequency establishes a point to look up from . Most experienced operators would tune their offsets from 500hz up to 2000hz looking for the signal. And usually once you set the VFO frequency, the signal you are looking for is pretty obvious. Traditionally, when a frequency is given that means VFO frequency, and not something that includes the offset. This is simple, and has been is use for a long time. In other words if it ain't broke, don't fix it. Regarding the IARU guard frequencies, there are not a lot of users out there, hopefully more with the recent regulation changes in the US. I would hope that good operating practice among the ALE users would ulitlize the 14100.5 frequency only when absolutely needed, otherwise they will come to be regarded with the same love and respect the pactor folks are .. John VE5MU - Original Message - From: KV9U To: digitalradio@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, February 23, 2007 12:27 PM Subject: Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband The reason for using a frequency close to the beacons is to insure you don't step on the beacon, but still are able to operate with efficient spectrum use. We can surely all agree that we have very limited spectrum for the number of users, particularly during certain times of heavy use. If we kept far away from this one set of beacons, we would be giving up 6 or more KHz of space on each of those bands that have the IARU beacons: 20, 17, 15, 12, and 10 meters. I would view this as very poor amateur practice. Even though I often disagree with Bonnie's ideas and the way she presents them, this is one time that she is clearly correct. When you put your SSB dial frequency on a given frequency you are actually NOT transmitting on that frequency with the typical digital mode. The dial frequency is the frequency at which your carrier frequency would be if you had a carrier. Of course, being that it is SSB, there is no significant carrier unless your equipment is malfunctioning. Even if you were on 14.100 USB, and you started transmitting with a 500 Hz wide mode and centered it on 1000 Hz, you are still going to be 750 Hz ABOVE the 14.1000 CW beacon frequency. This seems to be a very difficult thing for many hams to understand based on the comments we have been seeing lately. They somehow think that they are actually transmitting on their dial frequency. They most assuredly are not when they are transmitting with a tone or series of tones away from that frequency. Are you even sure you understand this? For example, have you really been on 14109.5? I might suggest that you were not on that frequency at all but were well above this frequency. It is rather difficult to connect with someone when they are perhaps 1500 Hz off from where they say they are. Lets suppose you decided to move to 14099 with a tone spread of 500 Hz and centered on 1000 Hz. Do you honestly think you would be clear of the beacon frequency because your dial was not on 14100? In truth wouldn't you be zero beat with the beacon and QRMing both sides for 250 Hz? ALE seems mostly an annunciator to let others know you are calling them or a group. Basically it is an adjustable SELCAL like we used to use for autostart RTTY in the very old days. I don't see this as ever being all that useful since we have had DCS on rigs for many years now and it is rarely used on VHF and higher bands. In terms of communication, the ALE operators are mostly going to talk or send messages via ALE after they connect. What I see much more valuable is the fact that this gives us a new ARQ mode for messaging. And it may interest others in coming up with adaptive technologies to allow us to transmit higher speed, yet error free data. KV9U John Bradley wrote: >The math is all fine and dandy , but WHY pick a frequency close to the >beacons? That's where all the logic fails! >There is a large chunk of relatively little used frequencies on both sides >of the beacon frequency. For argument's sake >why not make the guard fr
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
The reason for using a frequency close to the beacons is to insure you don't step on the beacon, but still are able to operate with efficient spectrum use. We can surely all agree that we have very limited spectrum for the number of users, particularly during certain times of heavy use. If we kept far away from this one set of beacons, we would be giving up 6 or more KHz of space on each of those bands that have the IARU beacons: 20, 17, 15, 12, and 10 meters. I would view this as very poor amateur practice. Even though I often disagree with Bonnie's ideas and the way she presents them, this is one time that she is clearly correct. When you put your SSB dial frequency on a given frequency you are actually NOT transmitting on that frequency with the typical digital mode. The dial frequency is the frequency at which your carrier frequency would be if you had a carrier. Of course, being that it is SSB, there is no significant carrier unless your equipment is malfunctioning. Even if you were on 14.100 USB, and you started transmitting with a 500 Hz wide mode and centered it on 1000 Hz, you are still going to be 750 Hz ABOVE the 14.1000 CW beacon frequency. This seems to be a very difficult thing for many hams to understand based on the comments we have been seeing lately. They somehow think that they are actually transmitting on their dial frequency. They most assuredly are not when they are transmitting with a tone or series of tones away from that frequency. Are you even sure you understand this? For example, have you really been on 14109.5? I might suggest that you were not on that frequency at all but were well above this frequency. It is rather difficult to connect with someone when they are perhaps 1500 Hz off from where they say they are. Lets suppose you decided to move to 14099 with a tone spread of 500 Hz and centered on 1000 Hz. Do you honestly think you would be clear of the beacon frequency because your dial was not on 14100? In truth wouldn't you be zero beat with the beacon and QRMing both sides for 250 Hz? ALE seems mostly an annunciator to let others know you are calling them or a group. Basically it is an adjustable SELCAL like we used to use for autostart RTTY in the very old days. I don't see this as ever being all that useful since we have had DCS on rigs for many years now and it is rarely used on VHF and higher bands. In terms of communication, the ALE operators are mostly going to talk or send messages via ALE after they connect. What I see much more valuable is the fact that this gives us a new ARQ mode for messaging. And it may interest others in coming up with adaptive technologies to allow us to transmit higher speed, yet error free data. KV9U John Bradley wrote: >The math is all fine and dandy , but WHY pick a frequency close to the >beacons? That's where all the logic fails! >There is a large chunk of relatively little used frequencies on both sides >of the beacon frequency. For argument's sake >why not make the guard frequency +/- 3 khz? why not clump the ALE >frequencies closer together since they reflect (usually) >the state of the art , or at least "modern" equipment since computer control >is required? > >The only redeeming virtue is that ALE operators spend much of their time >arguing and discussing ALE on email rather than on the air. >For the past few days I have been sitting on 14109.5, testing (playing with) >Patrick's new 141A mode. Basically have been monitoring >from about 1300Z to Z, since I have also been working on a consulting >project on another computer in the office. > >The only things I've heard are other folks playing with the same mode, no >soundings etc etc from the ALE folks. This is a good thing, since they are >so determined to potentially QRM the beacon frequency, the incidence may be >fairly low. :) > >John >VE5MU > >
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
The math is all fine and dandy , but WHY pick a frequency close to the beacons? That's where all the logic fails! There is a large chunk of relatively little used frequencies on both sides of the beacon frequency. For argument's sake why not make the guard frequency +/- 3 khz? why not clump the ALE frequencies closer together since they reflect (usually) the state of the art , or at least "modern" equipment since computer control is required? The only redeeming virtue is that ALE operators spend much of their time arguing and discussing ALE on email rather than on the air. For the past few days I have been sitting on 14109.5, testing (playing with) Patrick's new 141A mode. Basically have been monitoring from about 1300Z to Z, since I have also been working on a consulting project on another computer in the office. The only things I've heard are other folks playing with the same mode, no soundings etc etc from the ALE folks. This is a good thing, since they are so determined to potentially QRM the beacon frequency, the incidence may be fairly low. :) John VE5MU - Original Message - From: "John Becker" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Sent: Friday, February 23, 2007 4:48 AM Subject: Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband > Now now, play nice. > > > At 10:15 PM 2/22/2007, you wrote: > >In other words Tony, despite decades of tradition of having the CW beacons on 14100, the ALE users don't give a rat's butt for anyone except a small number > >of ALE users. > > > >and the only reason they are doing this is because they can. > > > >John > >VE5MU > > > > > > -- > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG Free Edition. > Version: 7.5.441 / Virus Database: 268.18.3/697 - Release Date: 2/22/2007 11:55 AM > >
Re: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband
In other words Tony, despite decades of tradition of having the CW beacons on 14100, the ALE users don't give a rat's butt for anyone except a small number of ALE users. and the only reason they are doing this is because they can. John VE5MU Subject: [digitalradio] 14100.5 kHz USB - ALE Channel Bandwidth, IARU Beacon Guardband > Tony KT2Q wrote > > Bonnie, > > Not sure if it's been said before, but the > 14100.5khz ALE data channel seems awfully close > the NCDXF beacon frequency on 14100.0. > Hi Tony, Yes, it is has been covered before in HFLINK group, and via direct communication with IARU Region frequency coordination. I will gladly cover it again for the benefit of new ALE operators and the digitalradio group. This ALE channel has been in use for a long time and there have been no complaints or problems. The 14100.5 kHz USB ALE channel has been frequency coordinated with the IARU Regions, including IARU Region 1, which has the widest beacon guardband (+/-1 kHz) for the IARU-NCDXF beacon at 14100.0 kHz CW. IARU Region 2 and IARU Region 3 both have lesser (+/-500Hz) guardbands for the IARU-NCDXF beacon CW channel. The ALE channel conforms to the more strict IARU Region 1 requirements. All amateur radio ALE channels are based upon accurate calibration within +/-20Hz and standard fixed audio frequencies. The ALE system inherently fails to operate if these rigid standards are not followed. All ALE operators are admonished to operate with the highest technical standards. The lowest tone of the 8FSK ALE signal is exactly 750Hz and the highest tone is exactly 2500Hz. For the 14100.5 kHz USB channel, it translates to RF frequencies: 1. Lowest tone = 14101.25 kHz 2. Highest tone = 14103.00 kHz The 1750Hz "bandwidth" for the 8FSK signal has a spectrum that is widened slightly (+/-200Hz) by the transition of the shifting of the 8 FSK tones at the 125 baud (symbol) rate. The -23dBc bandwidth of the RF spectrum of the 8FSK ALE signal is 2150Hz and the low end is equivalent to an audio frequency of 550Hz. 14100.5 kHz + 550Hz = 14101.05 kHz Beacon guardband clearance bandwidth: Top edge of IARU Region 1 beacon guardband = 14101.00 kHz Bottom edge of 14100.5 kHz USB ALE Channel = 14101.05 kHz Channel Edge to Beacon Guardband Edge Clearance = 50Hz. Maximum allowed calibration frequency error = 20 Hz. Total clearance including calibration error = 30 Hz. The ALE channel meets the strictest IARU Region 1 recommended guardband by 30 Hz and meets the less strict IARU Region 2 and IARU Region 3 by 530 Hz. 73---Bonnie KQ6XA . -- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.441 / Virus Database: 268.18.3/697 - Release Date: 2/22/2007 11:55 AM
