Re: fd_set

[Dev FreeBSD]

On 8/19/05, nawcom <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Now im your basic programmer, so the only thing i can relate fd_set to
> are the file descriptors (bit array i think) which are declared in the
> select function. select is used for basic input/output channel control.
> 
> So by saying that -
> 
> 1) perhaps the file that is being built is missing the sys header file,
> sys/types.h (if im wrong somebody correct me). I have ended up fixing
> #include and #define typos in programs due to an unsuccessful build
> which seems to be common, so maybe this may be your case also.
> 
> 2) there might be something wrong with the header file itself, like
> fd_set not being declared.
> 
> oh well - like i said -im your basic c/kernel  coder, but this is what i
> would check out if i was thrown into your shoes.
> 

Hi

Checkout src/sys/sys/select.h

The fd_set structure is defined on line 71

typedef struct fd_set 
{
__fd_mask   __fds_bits[_howmany(FD_SETSIZE, _NFDBITS)];
} fd_set;


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Re: 5.4 or 6 ?

[Dev FreeBSD]

On 8/19/05, Omer Faruk Sen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I will be installing a server that will be online for production environment
> in 1 month. I want your suggestions if I should use 5.4 or 6 ?
> 
> I am thinking to install 6.0-Beta2 and upgrade to 6.0-RELEASE when it comes
> out. But I wanted to take your precious opinions.
> 
>  ---
> Omer Faruk Sen

Hi

Suggest you go with the stable 5.4 RELEASE for your production server
environment.

Please take a look at
http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.4R/announce.html


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Re: Games + pciE

[Dev FreeBSD]

On 8/19/05, Eric Murphy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hey all! quick question for ya
> 
> I recently installed Enemy Territory to play a mod called ETF 
> (www.etfgame.com)  I got the game working with no problems by installing a 
> few linux packages..
> 
> linux_base-8-8.0_6  Base set of packages needed in Linux mode (only for i386)
> linux_dri-4.3.0_3   Binary Linux DRI libraries for 3D hardware acceleration of
> linux-XFree86-libs-4.3.99.902_3 XFree86 libraries, Linux binary
> 
> 
> However upon installing the nvidia drivers I have the option of useing the 
> FreeBSD agp driver or the nvidia one.  ive treyd to use both.  The game runs 
> alittle slow and sluggish so i figured it didnt have hardware acceleration.  
> So i need to enable AGP.  but then it dawned on me..im not running an agp 
> card.. im running PCIe  (PCI Express, Asus Geforce 6600GT)
> 
> So my question is do i need to load some sort of PCIe driver? How can i get 
> the game to run smoothly and not sluggish?
> 
> Any suggestions are welcome!
> 

Hi

May be this would help.

http://www.nvnews.net/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=52388

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Re: CVS files in src

[Andrey V. Elsukov]

Dev FreeBSD wrote:

Usually an individual would download the tarball to build the stuff
and not necessarily to sync up with the tree.


If the CVS-files would be included into src tarballs on FreeBSD ISO, 
this would be another easy way to update sources..



If you need a specific release version then just pull off the sources
using the specific release tag.


I have own CVS-repository.. :)

--
WBR, Andrey V. Elsukov

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Re: start up command for mysql

[Dev FreeBSD]

On 8/19/05, Ed Stover <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >
> >
> Dont forget to place it in the /etc/rc.conf as well.. darn rcsubr ;)

Hi

What is rcsubr ?

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Re: 5.4 or 6 ?

[Omer Faruk Sen]

The reason I am asking this question that I beleive 6.0 seems to be more 
stable than 5.4. But sure I know the most stable one is 4.11. But I want a 
comment from those who has a deeper knowledge about the differences about 
stabilty of 5.4 and forthcoming 6.0-RELEASE 



Dev FreeBSD writes: 


On 8/19/05, Omer Faruk Sen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Hi, 


I will be installing a server that will be online for production environment
in 1 month. I want your suggestions if I should use 5.4 or 6 ? 


I am thinking to install 6.0-Beta2 and upgrade to 6.0-RELEASE when it comes
out. But I wanted to take your precious opinions. 


 ---
Omer Faruk Sen


Hi 


Suggest you go with the stable 5.4 RELEASE for your production server
environment. 


Please take a look at
http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.4R/announce.html 



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---
Omer Faruk Sen
http://www.EnderUNIX.ORG
Software Development Team @ Turkey
http://www.Faruk.NET
For Public key: http://www.enderunix.org/ofsen/ofsen.asc
 



First Turkish Qmail book is out! Go check it.
Duydunuz mu! Turkiye'nin ilk Qmail kitabi cikti.
http://www.acikakademi.com/catalog/qmail/ 


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Re: start up command for mysql

[Andrew L. Gould]

On Fri, 19 Aug 2005 12:36:31 +0530
Dev FreeBSD <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> On 8/19/05, Ed Stover <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > >
> > >
> > Dont forget to place it in the /etc/rc.conf as well.. darn
> > rcsubr ;)
> 
> Hi
> 
> What is rcsubr ?
> 
> -- 
> thanks
> Dev.

Good question.  I don't feel qualified to give you an explanation; but
you'll see the following line popping up in many startup scripts in 
/etc/rc.d/ and /usr/local/etc/rc.d/:

. /etc/rc.subr

See man rc.subr(8). You may have to install 
/usr/ports/sysutils/rc_subr first, though.

Regards,

Andrew Gould
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Re: 5.4 or 6 ?

[Dev FreeBSD]

On 8/19/05, Omer Faruk Sen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
> 
> The reason I am asking this question that I beleive 6.0 seems to be more
> stable than 5.4. But sure I know the most stable one is 4.11. But I want a
> comment from those who has a deeper knowledge about the differences about
> stabilty of 5.4 and forthcoming 6.0-RELEASE
> 
> 

Hi

Since you "believe" that 6.0 is more stable, 
why don't you just go ahead and install 6.0 ?

Beyond surmising, your exploration and experience 
will help in weeding out the issues.

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Re: Odd Xorg instability, and KDE errors

[Dev FreeBSD]

On 8/19/05, Andreas Davour <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
> Are there really nobody but me who has had problems with X dying?
> 
> I've seen bug reported on Linux that Firefox seems to kill X.
> 
> Should I take it to the ports list instead?
> 
> I'm seriously doubting the sense of FreeBSD moving to Xorg. It has given
> me grey hairs where XFree86 kept running for years.
> 
> /andreas
> 

Hi Andreas:

I have faced some of the issues that you mention with 
  KDE 3.3
  FireFox 1.0.4
  Linux kernel 2.6.9-5 and 
  xorg-x11-6.8.1-23

However, I am still learning the ropes on FreeBSD and 
so unable to repro your observation on a FreeBSD machine.

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How to capture screen dump

[Chris Ryan]

Hi All


Is there anyway I can capture the screen dump mentioned below to help with
de-bugging...

Cheers and thanks in advance

Chris

-



Hi 

We have a microstar model ms9211 1ru server with p4 1.3 512mb ram...


Mobo ms 9129 Ver 1


It boots all other cd's inc many other os's inc freeBSD 4.10 [ which was
running fine for a long time on this box ]



With 5.4 it doesn't even boot the CD






WB Fasttrack "lite" Bios 2.00.1030.27

Scans ide drives etc etc and

starts all normally until the boot from CD:.


Btloader starts I think [ very quick before panic]

then screen dumps..looks like int 000d err 


I have run this with hyper threading enabled and disabled.


Any suggestions

Thanks in advance 


Cheers

Chris



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Re: 5.4 or 6 ?

[P.U.Kruppa]

On Fri, 19 Aug 2005, Omer Faruk Sen wrote:

Hi, 
I will be installing a server that will be online for production environment 
in 1 month. I want your suggestions if I should use 5.4 or 6 ? 
I am thinking to install 6.0-Beta2 and upgrade to 6.0-RELEASE when it comes 
out. But I wanted to take your precious opinions. 
In our school I run a small network with a Samba file 
server/domain controller, a squid-cache proxy (both 5.4-RELEASE), 
43 Windows workstations and 800 users. The FreeBSD machines work 
happily and stable - as they did before with 4.10 .


At home I run 6.0 to get an impression what will have to be 
changed in a year or so, when the first production release of 6.x 
comes out.


Hope that helps,

Uli.



---
Omer Faruk Sen
http://www.EnderUNIX.ORG
Software Development Team @ Turkey
http://www.Faruk.NET
For Public key: http://www.enderunix.org/ofsen/ofsen.asc
 


First Turkish Qmail book is out! Go check it.
Duydunuz mu! Turkiye'nin ilk Qmail kitabi cikti.
http://www.acikakademi.com/catalog/qmail/
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*
* Peter Ulrich Kruppa - Wuppertal - Germany *
*
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increasing latency on idle box with ASUS P4B533VM board

[Arjan van der Oest]

Hi,

I've build a new P4 box (1.8Ghz, 512MB mem) based upon a ASUS P4B533VM
motherboard. This board has an Intel 845G chipset and onboard 10/100
mbit/s LAN (fxp driver).

When connected directly to a gateway (in my case an Extreme BD10k) I
observe the following behaviour: a ping to the gateway starts around
1ms and slowly increases in steps of .1 or .2ms to around 10ms. Then
it suddenly drops back to 1ms and the process starts all over again.

I've tried a different NIC (3com, xl driver), new cabling, new
switchport and all gives me the same result. My other labbox (a AMD
2000 XP+ with 3com PCI nic) connected to the same router is showing
normal latency. This gives me the feeling it's some sort of timing
issue on the P4's motherboard itself.

Has anyone seen this before? I've searched the archives and found
little on this topic. Any tips/hints where I can seach for further
clues?

Thanks,

Arjan
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Load Balancing - Nice and Easy - no BGP, no isp help.

[Ovidiu Ene]

Hello friends

I am trying for a while to make a load balancer under FreeBSD

I would have: 3 nics, ISP1 nic, ISP2 nic and LAN nic.
What i've done until now, after reading lots of posts, googling for a while:

- I've suceeded to setup an outgoing load balancer with pf, it works 
perfectly but only for outgoing traffic;
- I've noticed that almost everybody thing that it cannot be done load 
balancing with BSD of incoming and outgoing without help of that both 
ISP (BGP)
- I find hardware with proprietary OS/firmware that can do load 
balancing without support of ISP. Some are cheap (300$), but at review 
does not know to load balance incoming traffic (break functionality of 
some pages accessed, since some of load is on one interface, some of 
other, works corectly only if i setup to come some type of traffic on 
one interface, some of other (for example trafic via port 80 on one nic, 
ftp traffic on the other), also are expensive hardware load balancers 
(over 1000$) that... i am asking myself how it works, without help of isp.
- I've found somewhere that it can be done load balancing but not with 
one box with that 3 nics, but with 3 boxex, because (that article i am 
"insipring" said that every box has just one routing table) because can 
be created a virtual server that with handle routes from that 2 boxes.
- People told me that in Linux load balancing cand be done, 3 nics, 2 
external, one to Lan, with iptables. Here is a short article:

http://linux.com.lb/wiki/index.pl?node=Load%20Balancing%20Across%20Multiple%20Links

So, my question is, if some people made it (in expensive hardware that 
did have the same OS, maybe even FreeBSD, and proprietary algorythms) 
and in Linux it can be done (people told me, i've read articles and also 
so it here, where i live) why it cannot be done under FreeBSD?
I guess it can be done, I want to do it with FreeBSD, and want to obtain 
same performances as with Linux.


What is your opinion about that? What should I do? Anybody suceed in 
making load balancing work that way?


Best Regards,
Ovidiu

ps. FreeBSD is the best!


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portsnap, only for ports?

[O. Hartmann]

Hello.
I have some questions about portsnap. The intention of portsnap seems to 
be reasonable. But I miss a similar facility updating the operating 
system! One of the major arguments using portsnap is to avoid the 
intrusion of malicous code, injected via a 'man in the middle'. Thinking 
of so called root-kits it makes more sense to me securing the updates of 
source code of the operating system also or at first place. Are there 
any plans doing so? Or alternatives? I still use CVS updating the source 
code.



Oliver
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Re: man malloc

[Giorgos Keramidas]

On 2005-08-18 22:17, Dmitry Mityugov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>On 8/18/05, Giorgos Keramidas <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>On 2005-08-18 12:08, Sergey Matveychuk <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>>Chuck Swiger wrote:
>What is pointer coercion? I have no pointer before malloc() returns.

 Right.  Well, malloc returns a (void *), but most people want to use the
 memory malloc returns to hold their own arrays, structs, whatever, which
 means that you need to be able to coerce the (void *) malloc gave you
 into whatever pointer type you want to actually use.

 So the memory malloc gives you needs to be aligned so that it's OK to be
 used for even the most restrictive datatype known to the system,
 commonly 8, 16, or 32 bytes.
>>>
>>> Pointer coercion means a type cast? I see now.
>>> I read it as 'force change of pointer value' before.
>>
>> It may be surprising, but casting back and forth *MAY* change the value
>> of the pointer.
>...
>
> Could you back up this assertion with an example, please?

Do I really have to?

The standard says that casting is only allowed from (type *) to (void *)
and back to (type *).  This is exactly the reason why malloc() knows
(using its own "magic") what to return, so that you _can_ cast its
result.


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Re: man malloc

[Dmitry Mityugov]

On 8/19/05, Giorgos Keramidas <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On 2005-08-18 22:17, Dmitry Mityugov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >On 8/18/05, Giorgos Keramidas <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
...
> >> It may be surprising, but casting back and forth *MAY* change the value
> >> of the pointer.
> >...
> >
> > Could you back up this assertion with an example, please?
> 
> Do I really have to?
...

I just wanted to learn something new. Please, post an example if you can.

-- 
Dmitry Mityugov, St. Petersburg, Russia
I ignore all messages with confidentiality statements

"We live less by imagination than despite it" - Rockwell Kent, "N by E"
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Re: Sound card drivers

[Andrew P.]

Andrew P. wrote this in December 2004:
> I grepped sysctl list and found hw.snd.pcm0.spdif_enabled
> switch, but when I change it 0->1, the sound disappears
> (both analog and digital outputs are silent). I tried
> to play with other hw.snd switches, changed mixer levels
> and recsrc, searched the net for a few hours - but nothing
> came up. People hack into sound drivers in cases like mine,
> but I'm too lame for that yet.
> 
> Anyways, after loading snd_driver dmesg says
> pcm0:  ...
> pcm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
> pcm0: 
> 
> Motherboard manual says it's a "Realtek ALC658 CODEC (UAJ)"
> and the chip itself says "Realtek". Has anybody tried to
> make spdif out work on this mother?

Hi!

I just wanted to let you guys know that OSS drivers worked
great for me. Now I can use my hardware spdif/ac3/dts decoder
and watch my favorite movies with breath-taking sound - under
my favorite OS. I guess I'm staying with FreeBSD for good.

Note that OSS is free for home use now. I'd say we should
draw some attention of the FreeBSD community to this fine
solution - as it adds support for tens of pieces of sound hardware.

Andrew P.

P.S.: I've always known that mplayer was a great tool, but
it turns out you can't ever overestimate it. I tried 30-50
video players for windows - and had some problems with
each and everyone of them (lack of caching, decoding
problems, DirectX issues, you name it...) I change to
FreeBSD, try the first player on my mind (mplayer) -
and instead of much anticipated issues ("c'mon, DivX
and DTS playback on Unix? Give it up!") - I get instant
and flawless playback. I'm touched :-)
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Re: multiple network interfaces

[Dmitry Mityugov]

On 8/18/05, Daniel Valencia <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hello, everybody
> 
> Is there any limit as of how many interfaces can
> freebsd handle? Im trying to build a switch in a PC
> box, putting multiple NICs and some software... The
> issue is, even though all of the cards work correctly
> by themselves, once I put them together, it doesnt
> matter what slots i use, I can never make more than
> two of them work.  For even though all the rest appear
> up as well, I cant ping neither them nor their peers
> (Im using crossover cables).

As nobody provided a better reply, I can only suggest to try another
OS to see if the hardware is OK.

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I ignore all messages with confidentiality statements

"We live less by imagination than despite it" - Rockwell Kent, "N by E"
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Re: Xorg error

[Dmitry Mityugov]

On 8/19/05, Brian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I have the Xorg x window system on a freebsd box, and it has been working for 
> a while. One time i remotely (through ssh) rebooted the computer while 
> apparently the x window system was up. After the reboot i get an error when 
> using startx, which says, "xf86EnableIO: Failed to open /dev/io for extended 
> I/O
> 
> X connection to :0:0. broken (explicit kill or server shutdown).
> xauth: (argv):1:1: bad display name "freebsd.local:0 [that computers 
> host.domain] in "remove" command. the logfiles in an attachment. I tried 
> rebuilding the kernel, making sure device io was in there, but that didn't 
> work. any help appreciated.

Any references to securelevel in rc.conf?

-- 
Dmitry Mityugov, St. Petersburg, Russia
I ignore all messages with confidentiality statements

"We live less by imagination than despite it" - Rockwell Kent, "N by E"
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Re: man malloc

[Giorgos Keramidas]

On 2005-08-19 15:00, Dmitry Mityugov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>On 8/19/05, Giorgos Keramidas <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>On 2005-08-18 22:17, Dmitry Mityugov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>>On 8/18/05, Giorgos Keramidas <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
 It may be surprising, but casting back and forth *MAY* change the
 value of the pointer.
 ...
>>>
>>> Could you back up this assertion with an example, please?
>>
>> Do I really have to?
>> ...
>
> I just wanted to learn something new. Please, post an example if you can.

There is an easy to reproduce case, when running executables of certain
"memory models" in MS-DOS.  Many users forget that function pointers are
*NOT* the same as object pointers.  They generally happen to "just work"
on most UNIX machines, but they are not the same at all.

For instance, this will tend to work on FreeBSD:

 1  #include 
 2  #include 
 3  #include 
 4
 5  static int increase(int *);
 6  static int decrease(int *);
 7
 8  typedef int (*fptr_t)(int *);
 9
10  int
11  main(void)
12  {
13  int k, oval, val;
14  char *p[] = { (char *)increase, (char *)decrease, };
15  fptr_t fptr;
16
17  val = 0;
18  for (k = 0; k < 10; k++) {
19  fptr = (fptr_t)(p[rand() % 2]);
20  oval = fptr(&val);
21  printf("%3d -> %3d\n", oval, val);
22  }
23  return (0);
24  }
25
26  int
27  increase(int *xp)
28  {
29  int old;
30
31  assert(xp != NULL);
32  old = *xp;
33  *xp += 1;
34  return (old);
35  }
36
37  int
38  decrease(int *xp)
39  {
40  int old;
41
42  assert(xp != NULL);
43  old = *xp;
44  *xp -= 1;
45  return (old);
46  }

On most UNIX installations I've seen, the (char *) pointers at line 14
can save the address of a function, even though this is not allowed by
the C standard.  If you build this with GCC using the -std=c89 -pedantic
options, a warning *IS* printed both for the dubious casts of function
pointers to (char *) in line 14 and for the cast back to a function
pointer (simplified a bit through a typedef) at line 19:

% foo.c: In function `main':
% foo.c:14: warning: ISO C forbids conversion of function pointer to object 
pointer type
% foo.c:14: warning: ISO C forbids conversion of function pointer to object 
pointer type
% foo.c:19: warning: ISO C forbids conversion of object pointer to function 
pointer type

Having said that this is *NOT* standard C, now I can tell you why this may
bite you in bad ways on some environments, even though it just happens to work
on FreeBSD, Linux and Solaris, if you build the program without all the
warnings of -std=c89.

When programming with certain "memory models" in DOS though, you may find that
a pointer to a function requires 32 bits of storage, while a pointer to the
data area of the program requires only 16 (because, for instance, the program
has a very large code area but it has only one 65 KB segment for storing data).

In that case, a function pointer that is "coerced" into a (char *) may
end up being trimmed.  When you "coerce" it back to a function pointer
it will almost certainly point to the wrong place.  That's not very good.

- Giorgos

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Re: 5.4 or 6 ?

[Randy Pratt]

On Fri, 19 Aug 2005 09:52:29 +0300
Omer Faruk Sen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Hi, 
> 
> I will be installing a server that will be online for production
> environment  in 1 month. I want your suggestions if I should use 5.4
> or 6 ? 
> 
> I am thinking to install 6.0-Beta2 and upgrade to 6.0-RELEASE when it
> comes  out. But I wanted to take your precious opinions. 
> 

There is a new document, "Choosing the FreeBSD Version That Is Right For
You", which may be found at:

  http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/version-guide/

It may be of help in making your decision.

Best regards,

Randy
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Re: 5.4 or 6 ?

[Andrea Venturoli]

Omer Faruk Sen wrote:


But sure I know the most stable one is 4.11.


I don't know whether this is a legend or I am just lucky: I'm managing 
several servers, some with 4.11, some with 5.3, some with 5.4, and they 
are all definitely working in a "stable" way, with almost no problems.
4.11-based ones will however spontanously reboot from time to time; this 
never happened to me on a 5.x.


 bye
av.
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Re: CVS files in src

[Giorgos Keramidas]

On 2005-08-19 11:04, "Andrey V. Elsukov" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Dev FreeBSD wrote:
>> Usually an individual would download the tarball to build the stuff
>> and not necessarily to sync up with the tree.
>
> If the CVS-files would be included into src tarballs on FreeBSD ISO,
> this would be another easy way to update sources..

It's a bad idea to penalize all the users with files that are only of
interest to developers.  The CVS subdirectories will increase the size
of the source tree by a significant amount for no obvious or good
reason, IMHO.

>> If you need a specific release version then just pull off the sources
>> using the specific release tag.
>
> I have own CVS-repository.. :)

See?  You don't need the CVS information in the install CD-ROM then,
since you can easily extract it from the repository :-)

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Re: gif tunnel overhead

[Lowell Gilbert]

FreeBSD MailingLists <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> about how much (what percent) bandwidth overhead should I expect if I
> connect two hosts using a UNENCRYPTED gif tunnel over a 2Mbps
> connection?

It depends on the kind of packets you're sending.  As a corollary to
that, the overhead will probably *not* be symmetrical (in both
directions).  It also depends on how the tunnel is configured.

For maximum-size regular Ethernet packets with IPv4 over IPv4, figure
a couple of percent of overhead; for minimum-size IP packets, it will
be over 30%.  The latter case probably isn't a problem, though,
because it's unusual to fill a symmetrical-bandwidth link with
minimum-size packets.
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Re: 2. try: nfsd send error -1

[Lowell Gilbert]

Heinrich Rebehn <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> Lowell Gilbert wrote:
> > Heinrich Rebehn <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> > 
> > 
> >>Aug 17 12:15:11 antsrv1 kernel: nfsd send error -1
> >>Aug 17 12:15:11 antsrv1 last message repeated 8 times
> >>
> >>I got several of theese errors in my /var/log/messages. Can someone
> >>tell me what this means?
> > 
> > 
> > The socket send syscall got interrupted (by a signal, maybe?).  It
> > should be restartable, but I don't see whether it gets handled, so
> > apparently the kernel just ignores it.
> > 
> 
> Thanks for your reply, Lowell.
> Can this cause data loss when transferring a file via nfs?

I don't think so.  RPC isn't exactly my area, but looking over the
server socket code in a bit more depth than the first time, I would
expect that the NFS client would either notice the drop or hang.  
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creating ISO for bootable CD

[Bsderss]

Hi,

I downloaded rtems source in the FreeBSD OS. 
Can anyone please tell me how to create a CD bootable
ISO file of rtems in the FreeBSD OS? 

Thanks
Sam




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creating ISO for bootable CD

[Bsderss]

Hi,

I downloaded rtems source in the FreeBSD OS. 
Can anyone please tell me how to create a CD bootable
ISO file of rtems in the FreeBSD OS? 

Thanks
Sam


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HOW to boot off the 5.4-Release CD with a different kernel that supports more hardware

[Ricky]

Hi,

  The default 5.4 kernel does include the MK-III
patches from Soren as the 6.0 default Kernel does.  I
have problems installing the 5.4 Release on my system
because I am missing these patches.  I have tried
burning a cd while replacing the kernel with a
recompiled one but apparently the mfsroot.flp is not
well updated against the new kernel.  I am relatively
new to FreeBSD and don`t understand well the exact
booting process even after some readings on forums and
web sites.  Could a gentle someone explain how the
modify the original 5.4 Iso and replace the stock
kernel ?

Thanks in advance for any help regarding this.

P.S.

If I am not in the right mailing-list for this or if
question is of too low degree, please simply disregard
the post.






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Re: Free version of RTCoreBSD

[Lowell Gilbert]

Bsderss <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> As I look into RTCoreBSD, I found that it may be not
> free. If it can be download, can anyone please tell me
> where can I download it? How much does it charge per
> copy?

It is indeed a commercial product.  Check with FSMLabs for information
on it.  Note that in RTCoreBSD, all of FreeBSD runs as a client task
of their proprietary real-time kernel

>   Is there a freebsd of RTOS based on FreeBSD or
> uses the TCP/IP stack as in NetBSD or FreeBSD? I know
> QNX does use the TCP/IP stack from NetBSD/FreeBSD, but
> QNX is not free either.

Many commercial RTOS use BSD networking code.  Like other UNIX-ish
systems, BSD is not suitable for hard-real-time applications.  On the
other hand, it works quite well for embedded applications focused on
efficiency rather than controlling latency.

Not knowing your requirements, there's little more guidance we can
give you.  However, there is quite a bit of material you may find
useful.  Have you looked at the FreeBSD Documentation article on
"FreeBSD and Solid State Devices"? 

Good luck.
-- 
Lowell Gilbert, embedded/networking software engineer, Boston area
http://be-well.ilk.org/~lowell/
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Re: portsnap, only for ports?

[Kris Kennaway]

On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 12:46:37PM +0200, O. Hartmann wrote:
> Hello.
> I have some questions about portsnap. The intention of portsnap seems to 
> be reasonable. But I miss a similar facility updating the operating 
> system! One of the major arguments using portsnap is to avoid the 
> intrusion of malicous code, injected via a 'man in the middle'. Thinking 
> of so called root-kits it makes more sense to me securing the updates of 
> source code of the operating system also or at first place. Are there 
> any plans doing so? Or alternatives? I still use CVS updating the source 
> code.

Stick to releases, which have signed MD5 checksums that you can verify
prior to installing.

Kris

pgp8Lt7DX2O6B.pgp
Description: PGP signature

Re: Postfix Help

[Lowell Gilbert]

"Devin Miller" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> Greetings Everyone,
> 
> I have recently been experimenting with FreeBSD 5.4 RELEASE to setup an
> email server following the directions listed here:
> http://postfixwiki.org/index.php?title=Virtual_Users_and_Domains_with_Courie
> r-IMAP_and_MySQL
> 
> I am pretty comportable with FreeBSD and my problem appears to be with
> version conflicts.  I installed MySQL version 5.0.9_1.
> 
> During the make process for Postfix 2.1 a different version of the MySQL
> client tried to install.  It throws an error telling me that they are
> incompatible and the port installation process for Postfix starts there.
> 
> Is there any way around this or do I have to uninstall the current version
> of MySQL and use the one that Postfix wants?  It just seems like MySQL 3.2
> is much older than the 5.x that I am used to.
> 
> Thanks in advance for any help/suggestions.

Sorry; not enough information to figure out what you're doing.

Please see:
"How to get the best results from the FreeBSD-questions mailing list"
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/freebsd-questions/index.html
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Re: Xorg error

[Lowell Gilbert]

Dmitry Mityugov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> On 8/19/05, Brian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > I have the Xorg x window system on a freebsd box, and it has been working 
> > for a while. One time i remotely (through ssh) rebooted the computer while 
> > apparently the x window system was up. After the reboot i get an error when 
> > using startx, which says, "xf86EnableIO: Failed to open /dev/io for 
> > extended I/O
> > 
> > X connection to :0:0. broken (explicit kill or server shutdown).
> > xauth: (argv):1:1: bad display name "freebsd.local:0 [that computers 
> > host.domain] in "remove" command. the logfiles in an attachment. I tried 
> > rebuilding the kernel, making sure device io was in there, but that didn't 
> > work. any help appreciated.
> 
> Any references to securelevel in rc.conf?

And can that machine resolve its FQDN?
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Re: bootparamd doesn't allow parameters?

[Brian J. McGovern]

Dan,
Thanks. I'm out of the office today, but I'll give it a spin Monday
and report.

-brian
 > 
 > --NzB8fVQJ5HfG6fxh
 > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
 > Content-Disposition: inline
 > 
 > In the last episode (Aug 18), Brian J. McGovern said:
 > >I'm in the process of trying to set up a Solaris jumpstart
 > > server in a lab, and I decided for chuckles to do it with FreeBSD.
 > > 
 > >The problem I'm running in to is that apparently, the Sun bootparamd
 > > allows you to pass parameters as fields, for instance, as a couple of
 > > sample fields out of the Solaris-generated /etc/bootparams (note:
 > > entry is clearly not complete, but I didn't want to distract)
 > > 
 > >testserver  rootopts=:rsize=32768 term=:vt100
 > > 
 > >However, if I move this directly in to FreeBSD's /etc/bootparams, it
 > > will complain that it can not answer the request for "rootopts" from
 > > the Sun box.
 > > 
 > >Is there something I'm missing? the man page seems to allude to
 > > the fact that all entries should be in the format of
 > > :. Or, am I going to have to look at finding
 > > another bootparamd than the stock one?
 > 
 > The code silently fails if any host field doesn't resolve to a valid IP
 > address.  Try the attached diff, which lets your example line work for
 > me.
 >  
 > -- 
 >  Dan Nelson
 >  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 > 
 > --NzB8fVQJ5HfG6fxh
 > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
 > Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="bootparamd.diff"
 > 
 > Index: bootparamd.c
 > ===
 > RCS file: /home/ncvs/src/usr.sbin/bootparamd/bootparamd/bootparamd.c,v
 > retrieving revision 1.11.4.1
 > diff -u -p -r1.11.4.1 bootparamd.c
 > --- bootparamd.c 28 Nov 2004 14:10:19 -  1.11.4.1
 > +++ bootparamd.c 19 Aug 2005 03:20:23 -
 > @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ bp_getfile_res *
 >  bp_getfile_arg *getfile;
 >  struct svc_req *req;
 >  {
 > -  char *where, *index();
 > +  char *where;
 >static bp_getfile_res res;
 >  
 >if (debug)
 > @@ -127,35 +127,47 @@ struct svc_req *req;
 >  
 >he = NULL;
 >he = gethostbyname(getfile->client_name);
 > -  if (! he ) goto failed;
 > +  if (! he ) {
 > +if (debug) warnx("bad hostname %s", getfile->client_name);
 > +goto failed;
 +  }
 >  
 >strncpy(askname, he->h_name, sizeof(askname));
 >askname[sizeof(askname)-1] = 0;
 >  
 >if (getthefile(askname, getfile->file_id,buffer,sizeof(buffer))) {
 > +if (debug) warnx("matched: %s",buffer);
 > +res.server_name = "";
 > +res.server_path = "";
 > +res.server_address.address_type = IP_ADDR_TYPE;
 > +bzero(&res.server_address.bp_address_u.ip_addr,4);
 > +
 >  if ( (where = index(buffer,':')) ) {
 >/* buffer is re-written to contain the name of the info of file */
 >strncpy(hostname, buffer, where - buffer);
 >hostname[where - buffer] = '\0';
 >where++;
 >strcpy(path, where);
 > -  he = gethostbyname(hostname);
 > -  if ( !he ) goto failed;
 > -  bcopy( he->h_addr, &res.server_address.bp_address_u.ip_addr, 4);
 > -  res.server_name = hostname;
 >res.server_path = path;
 > -  res.server_address.address_type = IP_ADDR_TYPE;
 > -}
 > -else { /* special for dump, answer with null strings */
 > -  if (!strcmp(getfile->file_id, "dump")) {
 > -res.server_name = "";
 > -res.server_path = "";
 > -res.server_address.address_type = IP_ADDR_TYPE;
 > -bzero(&res.server_address.bp_address_u.ip_addr,4);
 > -  } else goto failed;
 > +  if (hostname[0]) {
 > +he = gethostbyname(hostname);
 > +if ( !he ) {
 > +  if (debug) warnx("invalid hostname %s", hostname);
 > +  goto failed;
 > +}
 > +bcopy( he->h_addr, &res.server_address.bp_address_u.ip_addr, 4);
 > +res.server_name = hostname;
 > +  }
 > +} else { 
 > +  /* XXX allow "dump" keyword with no value.  Why? no idea. 
 > + Fail otherwise. */
 > +  if (strcmp(getfile->file_id, "dump")) {
 > +if (debug) warnx("invalid value for keyword %s", getfile->file_id);
 > +goto failed;
 > +  }
 >  }
 >  if (debug)
 > -  fprintf(stderr, "returning server:%s path:%s address: %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
 > +  fprintf(stderr, "returning server:\"%s\" path:\"%s\" address: %d.%d.%
d.%d\n",
 >   res.server_name, res.server_path,
 >   255 &  res.server_address.bp_address_u.ip_addr.net,
 >   255 & res.server_address.bp_address_u.ip_addr.host,
 > 
 > --NzB8fVQJ5HfG6fxh--
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Nvidia driver problem: video ram not detected

[Justin R. Smith]

I'm using the latest nvidia driver with the FreeBSD AGP and it only
detects 32meg of video ram even though the card has 128meg.

I have the line

 VideoRam131072

in xorg.conf, but it has no effect.

Any advice?

Thanks in advance.
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Re: portsdb: db format

[Lowell Gilbert]

Stepan Rakhimov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> Hi,
> I have 2 FreeBSD-6-BETA2 systems,
> 
> I've noticed that my ports db's are in different format (dbm_hash and
> bdb1_btree)
> May i choose this format by hand to make them similar? (i've already
> recompiled appropriate ports, but with no effect)
> 
> It's not a big problem, but i'm using /usr/ports as NFS folder and
> portupgrade always has to rebuild this db.

The relevant variable is PORTS_DBDRIVER.  Check your environment and
pkgtools.conf.  
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Re: HOW to boot off the 5.4-Release CD with a different kernel that supports more hardware

[Andrew L. Gould]

On Fri, 19 Aug 2005 09:39:37 -0400 (EDT)
Ricky <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Hi,
> 
>   The default 5.4 kernel does include the MK-III
> patches from Soren as the 6.0 default Kernel does.  I
> have problems installing the 5.4 Release on my system
> because I am missing these patches.  I have tried
> burning a cd while replacing the kernel with a
> recompiled one but apparently the mfsroot.flp is not
> well updated against the new kernel.  I am relatively
> new to FreeBSD and don`t understand well the exact
> booting process even after some readings on forums and
> web sites.  Could a gentle someone explain how the
> modify the original 5.4 Iso and replace the stock
> kernel ?
> 
> Thanks in advance for any help regarding this.
> 
> P.S.
> 
> If I am not in the right mailing-list for this or if
> question is of too low degree, please simply disregard
> the post.

Would making a "release" from STABLE or CURRENT branches solve your
problem? I've never done it with FreeBSD; but I found the following
documentation, which may be helpful:

http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-build.html

Good luck,

Andrew Gould
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increasing latency on idle box with ASUS P4B533VM board

[Arjan van der Oest]

Hi,

I've build a new P4 box (1.8Ghz, 512MB mem) based upon a ASUS P4B533VM
motherboard. This board has an Intel 845G chipset and onboard 10/100
mbit/s LAN (fxp driver).

When connected directly to a gateway (in my case an Extreme BD10k) I
observe the following behaviour: a ping to the gateway starts around
1ms and slowly increases in steps of .1 or .2ms to around 10ms. Then
it suddenly drops back to 1ms and the process starts all over again.

I've tried a different NIC (3com, xl driver), new cabling, new
switchport and all gives me the same result. My other labbox (a AMD
2000 XP+ with 3com PCI nic) connected to the same router is showing
normal latency. This gives me the feeling it's some sort of timing
issue on the P4's motherboard itself.

Has anyone seen this before? I've searched the archives and found
little on this topic. Any tips/hints where I can seach for further
clues?

Thanks,

Arjan
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dump(8), incremental backups, Tower of Hanoi sequence, don't get it

[Ilari Laitinen]

Hello.

Lately I have been getting more and more worried about data on my
FreeBSD box at home. I am forming a "real" small-scale backup policy
with two different big USB harddrives (yet to buy) storing regular
incremental backups (yet to figure out). The idea is to have those
harddrives mirror each other for extra security.

Handbook reads dump(8) is the best backup program there is. So I am
giving it a try - only to find out that I don't understand at all the
meaning of that modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm descibed in the
manual page and elsewhere. The manual page says it is "an efficient
method of staggering incremental dumps to minimize the number of
tapes." I just don't get the picture here.

So, could somebody please give an idiot-proof explanation why "3 2 5
4 7 6 9 8 9 9" is such a tape-number-minimizing dump level sequence
(with helpful examples, if at all possible)? How does it work?

Am I relatively safe doing level 0 dump every two months and
increasing dump level for weekly backups like the following, given
two separate harddrives storing them?

DateDump level
2005-09-01  0
2005-09-08  1
2005-09-15  2
...
2005-10-27  8
2005-11-03  0

Thanks.

Ilari Laitinen,
dumb dump newbie lost in this big world of ever-so-failing disks

-- 
Ilari Laitinen - [EMAIL PROTECTED] - http://iki.fi/ilari.laitinen/


pgpIxoGSMrqv8.pgp
Description: PGP signature

Re: increasing latency on idle box with ASUS P4B533VM board

[Dmitry Mityugov]

On 8/19/05, Arjan van der Oest <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I've build a new P4 box (1.8Ghz, 512MB mem) based upon a ASUS P4B533VM
> motherboard. This board has an Intel 845G chipset and onboard 10/100
> mbit/s LAN (fxp driver).
> 
> When connected directly to a gateway (in my case an Extreme BD10k) I
> observe the following behaviour: a ping to the gateway starts around
> 1ms and slowly increases in steps of .1 or .2ms to around 10ms. Then
> it suddenly drops back to 1ms and the process starts all over again.
> 
> I've tried a different NIC (3com, xl driver), new cabling, new
> switchport and all gives me the same result. My other labbox (a AMD
> 2000 XP+ with 3com PCI nic) connected to the same router is showing
> normal latency. This gives me the feeling it's some sort of timing
> issue on the P4's motherboard itself.
> 
> Has anyone seen this before? I've searched the archives and found
> little on this topic. Any tips/hints where I can seach for further
> clues?

Just a shot in the dark but is HT enabled in that P4?

-- 
Dmitry Mityugov, St. Petersburg, Russia
I ignore all messages with confidentiality statements

"We live less by imagination than despite it" - Rockwell Kent, "N by E"
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Embedded FreeBSD

[Bsderss]

--- Lowell Gilbert
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:


> useful.  Have you looked at the FreeBSD
> Documentation article on
> "FreeBSD and Solid State Devices"? 
> 
Thank you very much for the comperhensive
documentation. 
I want to create a embedded freebsd gateway in the
M-System DiskOnChip. Do you know where can I purchase
a board with flash-memory chip built-in? Apart from
the flash-memory, is there any of these boards consist
more than one ethernet built-in ports? 

Since I also want to start development in iPAQ for a
GPS project, therefore I want to know whether there is
a RTOS based on FreeBSD for this purpose. I found
rtems is an open source RTOS, it ported tcp/ip stack
from FreeBSD. But I don't know how to build its
bootable CD ISO after I downloaded its source to one
of my FreeBSD development server.

Thanks
Sam

> Good luck.
> -- 
> Lowell Gilbert, embedded/networking software
> engineer, Boston area
>   http://be-well.ilk.org/~lowell/


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RE: increasing latency on idle box with ASUS P4B533VM board

[Arjan van der Oest]

Dimitry,

vrijdag 19 augustus 2005 16:19, Dmitry Mityugov
 wrote:

> Just a shot in the dark but is HT enabled in that P4?

It's an older MB but as far as I can see in the BIOS and the specs on
asus.com it doesn't support HT.

Thanks,

Arjan
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multiple LCD monitors connection to a FreeBSD server

[Bsderss]

Hi,

I want to connection more than 10 LCD monitors to a
single FreeBSD server. Is there a way to do so?

Thanks
Sam


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mount_udf: Invalid root file entry!

[Björn König]

Hello,

I created an UDF filesystem with newfs_udf of udfclient[1] and I wrote 
some files with udfclient successfully to a DVD-RAM. I was also able to 
read the data with this program. Now I like to mount this file system 
read-only with mount_udf of FreeBSD:


  # mount_udf -o ro /dev/cd0 /mnt
  mount_udf: /dev/cd0: Invalid argument

  # tail -n1 /var/log/messages
  Aug 19 16:31:24 hoppel kernel: Invalid root file entry!

It doesn't work this way. Does anyone have a hint for me?


[1] http://www.13thmonkey.org/udfclient/

Regards
Björn

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Re: Nvidia driver problem: video ram not detected

[Alex Zbyslaw]

Justin R. Smith wrote:


I'm using the latest nvidia driver with the FreeBSD AGP and it only
detects 32meg of video ram even though the card has 128meg.


If you mean the nvidia driver from the ports, then my 128Mb card detects 
just fine.  If you mean the nv driver which comes with xorg, then try 
the nvidia driver from ports.


If it is the nvidia driver then you could try the nvidia forum here:

http://www.nvnews.net/vbulletin/forumdisplay.php?f=14

And I'm sure that more detail would help, like *which* nvidia card.  At 
least then there would be some basis for comparison with others.


--Alex

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Re: multiple LCD monitors connection to a FreeBSD server

[Dev FreeBSD]

On 8/19/05, Bsderss <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I want to connection more than 10 LCD monitors to a
> single FreeBSD server. Is there a way to do so?
> 
> Thanks
> Sam
> 
> 

Hi

A "possible" starting point would be

http://linuxreviews.org/howtos/xfree/Xinerama-HOWTO/
and
http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue82/ward.html

You would need to do a prototype with 
 . some hardware (atleast 9 display cards, etc),
 . xinerama extensions 
 . and xorg.conf file

Hope this helps.

-- 
thanks
Dev.
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Re: How to capture screen dump

[Chris Ryan]

> From: Gayn Winters <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Date: Fri, 19 Aug 2005 08:03:08 -0700
> To: 'Chris Ryan' <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, 
> Subject: RE: How to capture screen dump
> 
>> -Original Message-
>> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Chris Ryan
>> Sent: Friday, August 19, 2005 1:49 AM
>> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
>> Subject: How to capture screen dump
>> 
>> 
>> Hi All
>> 
>> 
>> Is there anyway I can capture the screen dump mentioned below
>> to help with
>> de-bugging...
>> 
>> We have a microstar model ms9211 1ru server with p4 1.3 512mb ram...
>> 
>> 
>> Mobo ms 9129 Ver 1
>> 
>> 
>> It boots all other cd's inc many other os's inc freeBSD 4.10
>> [ which was
>> running fine for a long time on this box ]
>> 
>> With 5.4 it doesn't even boot the CD
>> 
>> WB Fasttrack "lite" Bios 2.00.1030.27
>> 
>> Scans ide drives etc etc and
>> 
>> starts all normally until the boot from CD:.
>> 
>> 
>> Btloader starts I think [ very quick before panic]
>> 
>> then screen dumps..looks like int 000d err 
>> 
>> 
>> I have run this with hyper threading enabled and disabled.
>> 
>> 
>> Any suggestions
>> 
>> Thanks in advance
>> 
>> 
>> Cheers
>> 
>> Chris
>> 
>> 
> Hi Chris,
> 
> If you've checked the following:
> 1.  CD is readable and has the right bits
> 2.  It boots on another machine
> 
> Then I'd use a digital camera to record the screen and ship the .jpg
> with a problem report.
> 
> -gayn
> 
> 

Hi Gayn

Thanks for your help.

CD Works on other machines and also dl from 3 diff mirrors and also tried
the boot only-iso. Have checksum'd

Screen dump keep rolling over the screen...not sure if the dig cam will be
able to grab the nos. [ was extremely hard to get the first 2 with the naked
eye ] but will happily give it a go


Thanks again

Chris


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Re: dump(8), incremental backups, Tower of Hanoi sequence, don't get it

[Alex Zbyslaw]

Ilari Laitinen wrote:


Handbook reads dump(8) is the best backup program there is. So I am
giving it a try - only to find out that I don't understand at all the
meaning of that modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm descibed in the
manual page and elsewhere. The manual page says it is "an efficient
method of staggering incremental dumps to minimize the number of
tapes." I just don't get the picture here.

So, could somebody please give an idiot-proof explanation why "3 2 5
4 7 6 9 8 9 9" is such a tape-number-minimizing dump level sequence
(with helpful examples, if at all possible)? How does it work?

Am I relatively safe doing level 0 dump every two months and
increasing dump level for weekly backups like the following, given
two separate harddrives storing them?

DateDump level
2005-09-01  0
2005-09-08  1
2005-09-15  2
...
2005-10-27  8
2005-11-03  0
 

No, your sequence is the worst possible.  If you have a crash on  
2005-10-27 then you will need to recover files from *every* dump  from 
your last level 0.


A level 0 dumps everything. 


A level 1 everything since the last 0

a level 2, everything since the last 0 or 1

a level 3 everything since the last 0, 1 or 2

A level 4, everything since the last 0, 1, 2, or 3

etc.

The idea is is to make the numbers rise and fall to minimise the number 
of backups needed to do a full restore.  Write yourself some sequences 
and figure out for yourself which ones you would need for a full 
backup.  Try to figure out for each backup whether the same files will 
be dumped by a later backup.  They will, if a later backup number is 
*lower*.


The algorithm your aiming to create is:
   Start with a level 0 and ignore everything before.
   from end of list, find the lowest number before you reach the 
starting dump.  You'll need this backup.  Make it the new start of list.
   from end of list, find the lowest number before you reach the 
starting dump.  You'll need this backup.  Make it the new start of list.

   etc.

E.g. Given 0 3 2 5 4 7 6 9

To restore everything you need the 0, 2, 4 and 6.  I.e. every second 
dump.  You'll see that wherever you stop in that sequence, no more than 
3 backups are required to recover everything.


I have never liked the 9 9 9 trailing off to infinity.  If you are not 
doing a full backup by then, then you should be restarting your sequence 
from the dump after the full backup.  E.g. 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 then back to 
3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 and repeat.


Personally I use a much shorter sequence: 0 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2.  But 
that's because I don't usually change vast amounts of data.


I would also consider doing your backups daily, not weekly as your 
example suggests.  The timing of full backups depends on how busy your 
machine is.  Anything from weekly to quarterly.


--Alex

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Re: HOW to boot off the 5.4-Release CD with a different kernel that supports more hardware

[Gary W. Swearingen]

Ricky <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:


> Thanks in advance for any help regarding this.

This isn't the short-cut you were probably hoping for, but this should
explain how to make a CD like the Project did:

http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/index.html

There's also a release(7) manpage.
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Re: start up command for mysql

[Andrew L. Gould]

On Fri, 19 Aug 2005 08:09:42 -0700
"Mick Wilcoxen" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Hi Andrew,
> 
> Ok found the fill, but what do use to check it. Its not viewable in 
> vi, so what do I use to check it ??
> 
> 
> ***
> Mick Wilcoxen
> (530)933-2882

I don't know what you mean by "fill"; but if you're looking for the
start-up script that works on boot-up, I think you've found the wrong
file.  The start-up script is a text file used to start MySQL at boot-
up and stop it at shutdown.

1. Did you install MySQL from the ports, using pkg_add or manually from
the source code?

2. In /usr/local/etc/rc.d/, did you find any file with a name similar
to mysql-server.sh or mysql.sh?

Andrew Gould
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Vinum migration 4.x-5.4

[Robin Smith]

There seems to be a consensus in the references I've found that vinum
is completely broken on 5.4 and that gvinum/geom_vinum is not ready
for production use.  As it seems to me, this means that anyone using
4.11 (say) and vinum will have to abandon vinum (i.e. quit doing software
RAID) in order to upgrade to 5.4.  That can be both laborious and slow
(e.g. if you have /usr on, say, a four-drive vinum volume in 4.11, you're
going to have to replace those drives with something else in order to go
to 5.4.  Is that false, and is there a relatively simple way to get 
geom_vinum in 5.4 to read a vinum configuration produced under 4.11 and
start the vinum volume as it is?

Robin Smith
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Re: dump(8), incremental backups, Tower of Hanoi sequence, don't get it

[Jerry McAllister]

> 
> Hello.
> 
> Lately I have been getting more and more worried about data on my
> FreeBSD box at home. I am forming a "real" small-scale backup policy
> with two different big USB harddrives (yet to buy) storing regular
> incremental backups (yet to figure out). The idea is to have those
> harddrives mirror each other for extra security.

It really depends on the size of your file systems to back up, the size 
of your media to receie the backup files, the speed of the backup device
and how much data changes during any given interval between backups.

If your media is big enough to hold a complete backup and there is 
not a lot of data change between backups, then doing a full (leval 0)
dump once per week and a level 1 on other days would be fine.

If your filesystem is much bigger than your media or your data changes
a lot between backup, then you will want to implement a more complex
scheme, such as a modified version of the plan in the handbook.

Someone else has pointed out that level 0 gets everythingm level 1
gets everything that has changed since the last level 0, level 2 gets
everything since the last level 1, etc. 

My suggestion is to plan your backups so that you do a level 0 at a 
specific interval, such as once per week - oftener if you have critical 
stuff changing frequently.   It is nice to have media of a size that one 
unit will handle the whole level 0 dump, but that may not be possible.   
You may need to use multiple tapes/DVDs/disk for it.

Then schedule higher level (1...5) dumps so that the lowest level possible 
just fills one unit of your media.  You may even be able to use a smaller
size media unit for the intervening higher level dumps (we call them "change"
dumps).It is even possible that you can fit more than one change
dump on a single unit of media.   (If you are using sequential media (tape)
be careful with managing your skip forwards [mt -f /dev/nsa0 1 or 2 or 3, etc] 
to make sure you use the no rewind device (nra0) or you may overwrite
something).

Another consideration when you choose change dump levels is how
many levels you have to restore to completely rebuild a mangled file
system,   Using fewer levels - maybe just doing level 0 with only 
level 1's in between, makes restore the most simple, but can make
for unnecessarily large level 1 dumps as the interval between level 0
dumps grows longer and more files are changed and created.   

If your 'change' dumps are larger than one media unit, then your problem
is, of necessity, larger and more complex than the simple scheme in the
handbook covers well.   You will have to think it out, still using the
basic concerns I mention above, eg a periodic full dump, intervened by
a scheme of progressively higher level change dumps to minimize the
number of media units your must use for each.   

Remember that just as higher level dumps can intervene for a leval 0 dump,
dumps higher than 1 can intervene level 1 dumps - eg another way of saying
that level 2 or higher dumps only backup files that have changed since
the last level 1 dump, level 3 only backs up data that has changed since
the most recent level 2 or 1 or 0 dump, whichever was most recent, etc.

It is a little mind fogging to just say it.   It can help to draw it
out on paper with circles and arrows.  But it does work.   

This doesn't specifically explain the "towers of Hanoi" scheme in
the handbook and man page, but I hope it provides some background
to help understand what they are trying to accomplish and that this
will help clarify it.

jerry


> Handbook reads dump(8) is the best backup program there is. So I am
> giving it a try - only to find out that I don't understand at all the
> meaning of that modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm descibed in the
> manual page and elsewhere. The manual page says it is "an efficient
> method of staggering incremental dumps to minimize the number of
> tapes." I just don't get the picture here.
> 
> So, could somebody please give an idiot-proof explanation why "3 2 5
> 4 7 6 9 8 9 9" is such a tape-number-minimizing dump level sequence
> (with helpful examples, if at all possible)? How does it work?
> 
> Am I relatively safe doing level 0 dump every two months and
> increasing dump level for weekly backups like the following, given
> two separate harddrives storing them?
> 
> DateDump level
> 2005-09-01  0
> 2005-09-08  1
> 2005-09-15  2
> =2E..
> 2005-10-27  8
> 2005-11-03  0
> 
> Thanks.
> 
> Ilari Laitinen,
> dumb dump newbie lost in this big world of ever-so-failing disks
> 
> --=20
> Ilari Laitinen - [EMAIL PROTECTED] - http://iki.fi/ilari.laitinen/
> 
> --huq684BweRXVnRxX
> Content-Type: application/pgp-signature
> Content-Disposition: inline
> 
> -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-
> Version: GnuPG v1.4.1 (FreeBSD)
> 
> iD8DBQFDBemHQj4nNFSfK+YRAjX0AKCf/Ut/gyvfvKXEUkH69Q0jSV5yQwCfYqOT
> d5wx5asYHJqZju/cA2pnrJc=
> =lGaX
> -END PGP SIGNATURE-
> 
> --huq684BweRXVnRxX--
> 

___

Re: dump(8), incremental backups, Tower of Hanoi sequence, don't get it

[Charles Swiger]

On Aug 19, 2005, at 11:22 AM, Alex Zbyslaw wrote:
[ ...a good explanation snipped... ]
Personally I use a much shorter sequence: 0 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2.  But  
that's because I don't usually change vast amounts of data.


I would also consider doing your backups daily, not weekly as your  
example suggests.  The timing of full backups depends on how busy  
your machine is.  Anything from weekly to quarterly.


Start with something even easier:

Do a full-level-0 once per week, or once per month.
Do level-1 incrementals daily.

Change this to something fancier if you're using too much tape, but  
this is easy to understand


--
-Chuck

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Re: multiple LCD monitors connection to a FreeBSD server

[Dmitry Mityugov]

On 8/19/05, Bsderss <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I want to connection more than 10 LCD monitors to a
> single FreeBSD server. Is there a way to do so?
> 
> Thanks
> Sam

Shall they display the same information?

-- 
Dmitry Mityugov, St. Petersburg, Russia
I ignore all messages with confidentiality statements

"We live less by imagination than despite it" - Rockwell Kent, "N by E"
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Re: start up command for mysql

[Andrew L. Gould]

On Fri, 19 Aug 2005 09:15:08 -0700
"Mick Wilcoxen" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Hi Andrew,
> 
> Found it. But the command is different from the command that
> The person who created the database gave. Should I change it to mach
> his command 
> 
> The command there is 
> 
> Start)
>   /sbin/idcongif -m /usr/local/lib/mysql
>   ;;
> Stop)
>   ;;
> *)
>   echo ""
>   echo " Usage: 'basename $0' {start | stop} "
>   echo ""
>   exit 64
>   ;;
> Esac
> 
> He is telling me to put this command in the startup
> 
> /usr/local/mysql/bin/safe_mysqld &.
> 
> Run this with the period at the end.put it in your start up script.
> 
> The database program.(the first of many  I have written) is based on
> PHP/Mysql
> 
> ***
> Mick Wilcoxen
> (530)933-2882

The script you found does not start MySQL.  It just ensures that the
operating system can find the MySQL libraries.

The command you mention above starts MySQL; and can be added to the
"Start" section of the script. I've never put a period after the
ampersand; so I don't know what that will do.  (I switched from MySQL
to PostgreSQL over 5 years ago.)

The reason it would be good to find the script that is installed by the
port is that it probably has a "stop" section for shutting down MySQL
cleanly and removing the pid file when the operating system is being
shutdown.

Good luck,

Andrew Gould
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bge1: WatchDog Timedout -- resetting

[DeadMan Xia ....]

I m using FreeBSD 5.4, on Dell Power Edge 6650 Quad Processor Machine
with 2 GB Ethernets, but i m ussing one of them ... but tried both ,,,
my system get stuck while i m accessing it through ssh. well after
some time , when i acces  the machine & check , /var/log/messages ,, i
get  bge1: WatchDog Timedout -- resetting error. Is there any one , to
 tap my back & get me off from this headhac,,,as i m tryin to get rid
since a long time but still didnt get any idea ... i was also getting
the same error on FreeBSD 5.3.

Here is the dmesg for my system ,
Copyright (c) 1992-2005 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE #0: Sat Aug 13 10:23:42 PKT 2005
[EMAIL PROTECTED]:/usr/src/sys/i386/compile/WWW
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(TM) MP CPU 2.20GHz (2192.90-MHz 686-class CPU)
  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0xf26  Stepping = 6
  
Features=0xbfebfbff
  Hyperthreading: 2 logical CPUs
real memory  = 2147352576 (2047 MB)
avail memory = 2095894528 (1998 MB)
ACPI APIC Table: 
FreeBSD/SMP: Multiprocessor System Detected: 8 CPUs
 cpu0 (BSP): APIC ID:  0
 cpu1 (AP): APIC ID:  1
 cpu2 (AP): APIC ID:  2
 cpu3 (AP): APIC ID:  3
 cpu4 (AP): APIC ID:  4
 cpu5 (AP): APIC ID:  5
 cpu6 (AP): APIC ID:  6
 cpu7 (AP): APIC ID:  7
ioapic0: Changing APIC ID to 8
ioapic1: Changing APIC ID to 9
ioapic2: Changing APIC ID to 10
MADT: Forcing active-low polarity and level trigger for SCI
ioapic0  irqs 0-15 on motherboard
ioapic1  irqs 16-31 on motherboard
ioapic2  irqs 32-47 on motherboard
npx0:  on motherboard
npx0: INT 16 interface
acpi0:  on motherboard
acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
Timecounter "ACPI-safe" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 1000
acpi_timer0: <32-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0x808-0x80b on acpi0
cpu0:  on acpi0
cpu1:  on acpi0
cpu2:  on acpi0
cpu3:  on acpi0
cpu4:  on acpi0
cpu5:  on acpi0
cpu6:  on acpi0
cpu7:  on acpi0
pcib0:  port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
pci0:  on pcib0
ahc0:  port 0xec00-0xecff mem
0xfe102000-0xfe102fff irq 16 at device 3.0 on pci0
aic7892: Ultra160 Wide Channel A, SCSI Id=7, 32/253 SCBs
pci0:  at device 4.0 (no driver attached)
atapci0:  port
0x8b0-0x8bf,0x376,0x170-0x177,0x3f6,0x1f0-0x1f7 at device 15.1 on pci0
ata0: channel #0 on atapci0
ata1: channel #1 on atapci0
ohci0:  mem 0xfe10-0xfe100fff irq
10 at device 15.2 on pci0
usb0: OHCI version 1.0, legacy support
usb0: SMM does not respond, resetting
usb0:  on ohci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: (0x1166) OHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
isab0:  at device 15.3 on pci0
isa0:  on isab0
pcib1:  on acpi0
pci3:  on pcib1
amr0:  mem 0xfce0-0xfce0 irq 21 at
device 1.0 on pci3
amr0:  Firmware 350O, BIOS 1.09, 128MB RAM
pcib2:  on acpi0
pci8:  on pcib2
bge0:  mem
0xfcd1-0xfcd1 irq 17 at device 1.0 on pci8
miibus0:  on bge0
brgphy0:  on miibus0
brgphy0:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseTX,
1000baseTX-FDX, auto
bge0: Ethernet address: 00:11:43:db:68:2a
bge1:  mem
0xfcd0-0xfcd0 irq 18 at device 2.0 on pci8
miibus1:  on bge1
brgphy1:  on miibus1
brgphy1:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseTX,
1000baseTX-FDX, auto
bge1: Ethernet address: 00:11:43:db:68:2b
pcib3:  on acpi0
pci9:  on pcib3
pcib4:  on acpi0
pci14:  on pcib4
pcib5:  on acpi0
pci19:  on pcib5
pcib6:  on acpi0
pci24:  on pcib6
fdc0:  port 0x3f7,0x3f0-0x3f5 irq 6 drq 2 on acpi0
fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0
atkbdc0:  port 0x64,0x60 irq 1 on acpi0
atkbd0:  irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
sio0: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0
sio0: type 16550A
orm0:  at iomem 0xec000-0xe,0xc-0xc7fff on isa0
pmtimer0 on isa0
sc0:  at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
sio1: configured irq 3 not in bitmap of probed irqs 0
sio1: port may not be enabled
vga0:  at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa-0xb on isa0
Timecounters tick every 10.000 msec
ipfw2 initialized, divert disabled, rule-based forwarding enabled,
default to deny, logging unlimited
acd0: CDRW  at ata0-master PIO4
Waiting 15 seconds for SCSI devices to settle
amrd0:  on amr0
amrd0: 69880MB (143114240 sectors) RAID 1 (optimal)
amrd1:  on amr0
amrd1: 139760MB (286228480 sectors) RAID 5 (optimal)
ses0 at amr0 bus 0 target 6 lun 0
ses0:  Fixed Processor SCSI-2 device
ses0: SAF-TE Compliant Device
SMP: AP CPU #5 Launched!
SMP: AP CPU #7 Launched!
SMP: AP CPU #1 Launched!
SMP: AP CPU #3 Launched!
SMP: AP CPU #4 Launched!
SMP: AP CPU #6 Launched!
SMP: AP CPU #2 Launched!
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/amrd0s1a

THANX in Advance  DeadMan Xia 
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Re: Re[2]: (no subject)

[Garrett Cooper]

On Aug 18, 2005, at 6:20 PM, Неверов Дмитрий wrote:


Hello, Garrett.

Networking and Filesharing.
Is it enough to configure Network, if I know IPv4 Adress, Netmask and
workgroup name?

-
You wrote:




On Aug 18, 2005, at 5:29 PM, Неверов Дмитрий wrote:





Hello FreeBSD-questions,

 I'm newbie to FreeBSD, and I have a question: how can I configure
 FreeBSD for work in Windows workgroup? I know my IP, and the  
name of

 the workgroup. Is it necessary to know anything else?

Neverov D.,
[EMAIL PROTECTED]




In what respect do you mean? Networking? Filesharing? Printer  
sharing?

-Garrett


-
--
С уважением,
 Неверов  mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]


In terms of networking... you will have to actually use preset  
or DHCP provided values as a lot of domain stuff used in Windows does  
NOT have functionality for other operating systems like FreeBSD,  
unless there is a DNS and DHCP server that's litigating whether or  
not you have a set hostname and can obtain an IP based on your PC's  
Mac Address.
In terms of filesharing... do you need server or client type  
filesharing and (if you do use X), what is your desktop environment  
(KDE, Gnome, XFCE, etc)? Knowing your  X setup may help determine  
what way to best help you out with Samba.

-Garrett

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x41 tablet

[john federis]

Has there been any testing done on the Lenovo (IBM) tablet PCs.  They are 
running on the Pentium M753 and and M758 procs.  Just wanted to see if anyone 
had success or problems.  THanks!

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Re: Odd Xorg instability, and KDE errors

[Garrett Cooper]

On Aug 19, 2005, at 1:19 AM, Andreas Davour wrote:



Are there really nobody but me who has had problems with X dying?

I've seen bug reported on Linux that Firefox seems to kill X.

Should I take it to the ports list instead?

I'm seriously doubting the sense of FreeBSD moving to Xorg. It has  
given me grey hairs where XFree86 kept running for years.


/andreas


FreeBSD's compiled version of Xorg doesn't die like Linux's compiled  
version of Xorg; I narrowed my issues down to kernel drivers dealing  
with power management (and possibly the video card), but a lot of  
people had issues with Firefox, big fonts in X, and other various  
hardware junk.

-Garrett
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How to get best results from FreeBSD-questions

[Greg Lehey]

How to get the best results from FreeBSD questions.
===

Last update $Date: 2005/08/10 02:21:44 $

This is a regular posting to the FreeBSD questions mailing list.  If
you got it in answer to a message you sent, it means that the sender
thinks that at least one of the following things was wrong with your
message:

- You left out a subject line, or the subject line was not appropriate.
- You formatted it in such a way that it was difficult to read.
- You asked more than one unrelated question in one message.
- You sent out a message with an incorrect date, time or time zone.
- You sent out the same message more than once.
- You sent an 'unsubscribe' message to FreeBSD-questions.

If you have done any of these things, there is a good chance that you
will get more than one copy of this message from different people.
Read on, and your next message will be more successful.

This document is also available on the web at
http://www.lemis.com/questions.html.

=

Contents:

I:Introduction
II:   How to unsubscribe from FreeBSD-questions
III:  Should I ask -questions or -hackers?
IV:   How to submit a question to FreeBSD-questions
V:How to answer a question to FreeBSD-questions

I: Introduction
===

This is a regular posting aimed to help both those seeking advice from
FreeBSD-questions (the "newcomers"), and also those who answer the
questions (the "hackers").

   Note that the term "hacker" has nothing to do with breaking
   into other people's computers.  The correct term for the latter
   activity is "cracker", but the popular press hasn't found out
   yet.  The FreeBSD hackers disapprove strongly of cracking
   security, and have nothing to do with it.

In the past, there has been some friction which stems from the
different viewpoints of the two groups.  The newcomers accused the
hackers of being arrogant, stuck-up, and unhelpful, while the hackers
accused the newcomers of being stupid, unable to read plain English,
and expecting everything to be handed to them on a silver platter.  Of
course, there's an element of truth in both these claims, but for the
most part these viewpoints come from a sense of frustration.

In this document, I'd like to do something to relieve this frustration
and help everybody get better results from FreeBSD-questions.  In the
following section, I recommend how to submit a question; after that,
we'll look at how to answer one.

II:  How to unsubscribe from FreeBSD-questions
==

When you subscribed to FreeBSD-questions, you got a welcome message
from [EMAIL PROTECTED]  In this message, amongst
other things, it told you how to unsubscribe.  Here's a typical
message:

  Welcome to the freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list!

If you ever want to unsubscribe or change your options (eg, switch to
or from digest mode, change your password, etc.), visit your
subscription page at:

  http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/options/freebsd-questions/[EMAIL PROTECTED]
  
(obviously, substitute your mail address for "[EMAIL PROTECTED]").  You can
also make such adjustments via email by sending a message to:

  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  
with the word 'help' in the subject or body (don't include the
quotes), and you will get back a message with instructions.

You must know your password to change your options (including
changing the password, itself) or to unsubscribe.
  
Normally, Mailman will remind you of your freebsd.org mailing list
passwords once every month, although you can disable this if you
prefer.  This reminder will also include instructions on how to
unsubscribe or change your account options.  There is also a button on
your options page that will email your current password to you.

  Here's the general information for the list you've
  subscribed to, in case you don't already have it:

  FREEBSD-QUESTIONS   User questions
  This is the mailing list for questions about FreeBSD.  You should not
  send "how to" questions to the technical lists unless you consider the
  question to be pretty technical.

Normally, unsubscribing is even simpler than the message suggests: you
don't need to specify your mail ID unless it is different from the one
which you specified when you subscribed.

If Majordomo replies and tells you (incorrectly) that you're not on
the list, this may mean one of two things:

  1.  You have changed your mail ID since you subscribed.  That's where
  keeping the original message from majordomo comes in handy.  For
  example, the sample message above shows my mail ID as
  [EMAIL PROTECTED]  Since then, I have changed it to
  [EMAIL PROTECTED]  If I were to try to remove [EMAIL PROTECTED] from
  the list, it would fail: I would have to specify the name with
  which I joined.

  2.  You're subscribed to a mailing list which is subscribed to
  Fr

"The Complete FreeBSD": errata and addenda

[Greg Lehey]

The trouble with books is that you can't update them the way you can a web page
or any other online documentation.  The result is that most leading edge
computer books are out of date almost before they are printed.  Unfortunately,
The Complete FreeBSD, published by O'Reilly, is no exception.  Inevitably, a
number of bugs and changes have surfaced.

"The Complete FreeBSD" has been through a total of five editions, including its
predecessor "Installing and Running FreeBSD".  Two of these have been reprinted
with corrections.  I maintain a series of errata pages.  Start at
http://www.lemis.com/errata-4.html to find out how to get the errata
information.

Have you found a problem with the book, or maybe something confusing?  Please
let me know: I'm constantly updating it.

Greg
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Re: Embedded FreeBSD

[Nikolas Britton]

On 8/19/05, Bsderss <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
> 
> --- Lowell Gilbert
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
> 
> > useful.  Have you looked at the FreeBSD
> > Documentation article on
> > "FreeBSD and Solid State Devices"?
> >
> Thank you very much for the comperhensive
> documentation.
> I want to create a embedded freebsd gateway in the
> M-System DiskOnChip. Do you know where can I purchase
> a board with flash-memory chip built-in? Apart from
> the flash-memory, is there any of these boards consist
> more than one ethernet built-in ports?

http://www.soekris.com/
http://www.pcengines.ch/
http://www.viaembedded.com/
http://www.m0n0.ch/wall/

CompatFlash to IDE bridge, to get around flash rams finite writes copy
the system onto a ramdrive. If you need an example of how to do this
look at m0n0wall.

> 
> Since I also want to start development in iPAQ for a
> GPS project, therefore I want to know whether there is
> a RTOS based on FreeBSD for this purpose. I found
> rtems is an open source RTOS, it ported tcp/ip stack
> from FreeBSD. But I don't know how to build its
> bootable CD ISO after I downloaded its source to one
> of my FreeBSD development server.

Why do you need RT? I would check around the NetBSD camp, this would
be right up their alley.

http://www.netbsd.org/Misc/embed.html
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Re: dump(8), incremental backups, Tower of Hanoi sequence, don't get it

[Ilari Laitinen]

On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 04:22:20PM +0100, Alex Zbyslaw wrote:
> Ilari Laitinen wrote:
> 
> >Handbook reads dump(8) is the best backup program there is. So I am
> >giving it a try - only to find out that I don't understand at all the
> >meaning of that modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm descibed in the
> >manual page and elsewhere. The manual page says it is "an efficient
> >method of staggering incremental dumps to minimize the number of
> >tapes." I just don't get the picture here.
> >
> >So, could somebody please give an idiot-proof explanation why "3 2 5
> >4 7 6 9 8 9 9" is such a tape-number-minimizing dump level sequence
> >(with helpful examples, if at all possible)? How does it work?
> >
> >Am I relatively safe doing level 0 dump every two months and
> >increasing dump level for weekly backups like the following, given
> >two separate harddrives storing them?
> >
> >DateDump level
> >2005-09-01  0
> >2005-09-08  1
> >2005-09-15  2
> >...
> >2005-10-27  8
> >2005-11-03  0
> > 
> >
> No, your sequence is the worst possible.  If you have a crash on  
> 2005-10-27 then you will need to recover files from *every* dump  from 
> your last level 0.
> 
> A level 0 dumps everything. 
> 
> A level 1 everything since the last 0
> 
> a level 2, everything since the last 0 or 1
> 
> a level 3 everything since the last 0, 1 or 2
> 
> A level 4, everything since the last 0, 1, 2, or 3
> 
> etc.
> 
> The idea is is to make the numbers rise and fall to minimise the number 
> of backups needed to do a full restore.  Write yourself some sequences 
> and figure out for yourself which ones you would need for a full 
> backup.  Try to figure out for each backup whether the same files will 
> be dumped by a later backup.  They will, if a later backup number is 
> *lower*.
> 
> The algorithm your aiming to create is:
>Start with a level 0 and ignore everything before.
>from end of list, find the lowest number before you reach the 
> starting dump.  You'll need this backup.  Make it the new start of list.
>from end of list, find the lowest number before you reach the 
> starting dump.  You'll need this backup.  Make it the new start of list.
>etc.
> 
> E.g. Given 0 3 2 5 4 7 6 9
> 
> To restore everything you need the 0, 2, 4 and 6.  I.e. every second 
> dump.  You'll see that wherever you stop in that sequence, no more than 
> 3 backups are required to recover everything.

This pretty much cleared it up. Now that I read the manual page again,
enlightened, it seems quite easy to follow. Nice.

Using the algorithm above I get the following:

SequenceDumps needed
0 3 0 3
0 3 2   0 2
0 3 2 5 0 2 5
0 3 2 5 4   0 2 4
0 3 2 5 4 7 0 2 4 7
0 3 2 5 4 7 6   0 2 4 6
0 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 0 2 4 6 9
0 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8   0 2 4 6 8
0 3 2 5 4 7 6 9¹8 9²0 2 4 6 8 9²

Am I doing this right? Every time a dump of level N is, eh, taken,
earlier tapes of level >N become obsolete and are free to go(*). In this
case, that happens every other time.

(*) Unless one would like to have those file versions around for a
longer time, of course.

> clip
>
> I would also consider doing your backups daily, not weekly as your 
> example suggests.  The timing of full backups depends on how busy your 
> machine is.  Anything from weekly to quarterly.

Well, I am the only active user on this computer. And I know when there
is something to back up, so it will be a bit irregular in reality. If I
only surf the Net all weekend long, there is nothing to worry about. Or
if I am not physically around, the computer will have no power to mess
with.

Thank you, Alex, and others who replied (Jerry, Charles)! Now I only
have to buy those harddrives to start my new, shiny life with less fear
for random data loss. :)

Ilari

-- 
Ilari Laitinen - [EMAIL PROTECTED] - http://iki.fi/ilari.laitinen/


pgpqktrrGrKSr.pgp
Description: PGP signature

help with pppoed

[vladone]

Hi!
I want to setup an freebsd server that support authentication via pppoe
conexion. I make this steps:
  1.I have compiled kernel with needed options
  2. i modify rc.conf to include this:
 pppoed_enable="YES"
 pppoed_flags="-d -P /var/run/pppoed.pid -l "default" "
 pppoed_interface="fxp0"
  3. pppoed daemon start without any problem
 #ps aux|grep pppoed
 usr/libexec/pppoed -d -P /var/run/pppoed.pid -l default fxp0

 fxp0 is private interface with ip address 192.168.101.1
  4. i configure /etc/ppp.conf with this options:
 default:
 set log Phase Chat LCP IPCP CCP tun command
 enable pap
 allow mode direct
 enable proxy
 disable ipv6cp
 set mru 1472
 set mtu 1472
 accept dns
 enable dns
 set ifaddr 192.168.101.1 192.168.101.10-240
  5. i have configured /etc/ppp.secret with some test user and pass.
  6. i make an pppoe connection on my windows box with wizard

  When i try to connect on my server, after few second i receive this
  error on windows:
  "the remote computer did not respond"

  I dont have experience with this. In ppp.log i dont see anything.
  How i cand debug this to work!
  P.S. in /dev i dont see any device tun or ppp
 


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Re: Vinum migration 4.x-5.4

[Stijn Hoop]

On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 11:01:55AM -0500, Robin Smith wrote:
> There seems to be a consensus in the references I've found that vinum
> is completely broken on 5.4

That is true. IMHO it should be removed from RELENG_5 and _6 if it isn't
already.

> and that gvinum/geom_vinum is not ready for production use.

Well the only reason it might not be is that it hasn't seen widespread
testing, as far as I can tell it should all just work. I do use gvinum
on a 5-STABLE host and it has worked well for me in the past [1].

> As it seems to me, this means that anyone using
> 4.11 (say) and vinum will have to abandon vinum (i.e. quit doing software
> RAID) in order to upgrade to 5.4.

5.4 does have alternatives to vinum (which is another reason why gvinum
hasn't received as much testing): gmirror, graid3, gstripe, gconcat.

> That can be both laborious and slow
> (e.g. if you have /usr on, say, a four-drive vinum volume in 4.11, you're
> going to have to replace those drives with something else in order to go
> to 5.4.

I'd say building a new test box is about the only sane way to do it.

> Is that false, and is there a relatively simple way to get 
> geom_vinum in 5.4 to read a vinum configuration produced under 4.11 and
> start the vinum volume as it is?

As far as I can tell, it should just work. To pick up the latest round
of vinum fixes it might be best to run 5-STABLE (ie. RELENG_5) but it
should not be necessary unless you run into difficulties.

But the only way to know for sure if things work, is to test...

--Stijn

[1] for some reason I discovered a configuration problem earlier this
week, but the other part of the mirror is holding up and it seems
that I can reconstruct the broken part this weekend. If anything,
it seems that a gvinum mirrored plex is robust.

-- 
"Coca-Cola is solely responsible for ensuring that people - too stupid to know
not to tip half-ton machines on themselves - are safe. Forget parenting - the
blame is entirely on the corporation for designing machines that look so
innocent and yet are so deadly."
-- http://www.kuro5hin.org/?op=displaystory;sid=2001/10/28/212418/42


pgpPDFFxixFyi.pgp
Description: PGP signature

FXP driver....

[Daniel Gonzalez]

> 
> Hi,
> 
> I've build a new P4 box (1.8Ghz, 512MB mem) based upon a ASUS P4B533VM
> motherboard. This board has an Intel 845G chipset and onboard 10/100
> mbit/s LAN (fxp driver).
> 
> When connected directly to a gateway (in my case an Extreme BD10k) I
> observe the following behaviour: a ping to the gateway starts around
> 1ms and slowly increases in steps of .1 or .2ms to around 10ms. Then
> it suddenly drops back to 1ms and the process starts all over again.
> 
> I've tried a different NIC (3com, xl driver), new cabling, new
> switchport and all gives me the same result. My other labbox (a AMD
> 2000 XP+ with 3com PCI nic) connected to the same router is showing
> normal latency. This gives me the feeling it's some sort of timing
> issue on the P4's motherboard itself.
> 
> Has anyone seen this before? I've searched the archives and found
> little on this topic. Any tips/hints where I can seach for further
> clues?
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Arjan
> 

I haven't used the fxp driver in a while but you can check out the man page 
for the driver (man 4 fxp) and it mentions that you can disable autoselect 
for media type and speed. I remember reading in an article (I can't locate 
the URL) that the autonegotiation between the NIC and switch/router can be a 
bottleneck. That would be the easiset thing to check/eliminate. Hope that 
helps.
-- 
Dan Gonzalez
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
IM: signulth
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Re: dump(8), incremental backups, Tower of Hanoi sequence, don't get it

[David Israelsson]

Ilari Laitinen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> Handbook reads dump(8) is the best backup program there is. So I am
> giving it a try - only to find out that I don't understand at all the
> meaning of that modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm descibed in the
> manual page and elsewhere. The manual page says it is "an efficient
> method of staggering incremental dumps to minimize the number of
> tapes." I just don't get the picture here.
>
> So, could somebody please give an idiot-proof explanation why "3 2 5
> 4 7 6 9 8 9 9" is such a tape-number-minimizing dump level sequence
> (with helpful examples, if at all possible)? How does it work?
>
I have asked myself the same question, why is the 3 2 5 4 6 5 9 8 9 9
... considered a good algorithm for storing backups?  We will get
exactly the same result by storing the dumps like 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 ...

I did ask this question elsewhere, and got the answer that it is
likely that somebody got it slightly wrong when rewriting some ancient
dump man page (of course I cannot find that man page right now).  The
algorithm describes labels on the tapes and which tapes to keep for
how long time, rather than dump levels.  This makes sense to me, can
someone supply a link to the man page I am talking about?
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Calculating the load average in the freebsd kernel

[Kannan Varadhan]

Hello,

I am staring at the code in kern/kern_synch.c that calculates the load
average of the system, and I cannot fully understand how the freebsd version
works.  Specifically, it looks as:

/*
 * Constants for averages over 1, 5, and 15 minutes
 * when sampling at 5 second intervals.
 */
static fixpt_t cexp[3] = {
0.9200444146293232 * FSCALE,/* exp(-1/12) */
0.9834714538216174 * FSCALE,/* exp(-1/60) */
0.9944598480048967 * FSCALE,/* exp(-1/180) */
};

...

/*
 * Compute a tenex style load average of a quantity on
 * 1, 5 and 15 minute intervals.
 * XXXKSE   Needs complete rewrite when correct info is available.
 * Completely Bogus.. only works with 1:1 (but compiles ok now :-)
 */
static void
loadav(void *arg)
{
int i, nrun;
struct loadavg *avg;

nrun = sched_load();
avg = &averunnable;

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
avg->ldavg[i] = (cexp[i] * avg->ldavg[i] +
nrun * FSCALE * (FSCALE - cexp[i])) >> FSHIFT;

 ...

And elsewhere, FSCALE is defined as 1ldavg[i] +
 nrun * FSCALE * (FSCALE - cexp[i])) >> FSHIFT;
^^
Why do we have that extra FSCALE multiplier in the second term?  If I do
some logical simplifications, this seems to get me:

(\alpha * FSCALE * ldavg[I] + nrum * FSCALE * FSCALE (1 - \alpha)) >> FSHIFT

I.e.

\alpha * ldavg[I] + nrun * FSCALE * (1 - \alpha)

What am I missing in this arithmetic?

Thanks,

Kannan
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Forcing symbol resolution in lib rather than bin

[Jonathon McKitrick]

I have a binary that links to a shared object library.  That .so calls a
routine in an archive library (.a).  When I link the main app with -lar-a it
works fine, even though the function is actually called in the .so.  But when
I link the .so with -lar-a, the linker doesn't resolve the symbol!

So, here's the call graph:

bin --> shared --> archive

If I link bin to shared and archive, it works.  But if I link shared to
archive, and then bin to shared, it doesn't, even though the shared object
calls the archived function, rather than bin.

What basic link concept am I missing here?

Thanks in advance,

jm
-- 
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Re: SPAM Problem

[Danny MacMillan]

Aaron Siegel wrote:


Hello

This message is off topic but I was not sure were else I can go to get help 
with my problem.  For the past week I have been receiving messages from 
various mail servers which have bounced messages I have not sent but have my 
email address as the originator of the bounced message. I believe there are 
some SPAMers using my email address on their SPAM. I would really like to 
avoid changing my domain name.  Has anyone experienced this problem? Is there 
something I can do?  

Thank you 
Aaron
 

What you can do to partially combat this problem is publish SPF records 
for your domain.  That will cause spam filters on cooperating mail 
servers to drop email claiming to be from you that comes from anywhere 
but one of your mail servers.  Since the messages will be dropped, they 
won't generate notices of non-delivery.  I guess this assumes that the 
mail servers that generate the non-delivery notices check SPF records on 
inbound mail, which on reflection doesn't seem too likely, but it might 
help a little.  If this kind of problem bothers you you can also 
configure your own mail server to check SPF records on inbound mail.  
This won't directly address your problem but it does reduce the 
effectiveness of joe-jobbing as more and more people do it.


--
Danny MacMillan
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Re: Vinum migration 4.x-5.4

[Paul Mather]

On Fri, 19 Aug 2005 11:01:55 -0500, Robin Smith
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> There seems to be a consensus in the references I've found that vinum
> is completely broken on 5.4 and that gvinum/geom_vinum is not ready
> for production use.  As it seems to me, this means that anyone using
> 4.11 (say) and vinum will have to abandon vinum (i.e. quit doing
> software
> RAID) in order to upgrade to 5.4.  That can be both laborious and slow
> (e.g. if you have /usr on, say, a four-drive vinum volume in 4.11,
> you're
> going to have to replace those drives with something else in order to
> go
> to 5.4.  Is that false, and is there a relatively simple way to get 
> geom_vinum in 5.4 to read a vinum configuration produced under 4.11
> and
> start the vinum volume as it is?

I am using geom_vinum on RELENG_5 without problems.  However, I use only
mirrored and concat plexes, and most of the problems I've heard people
experiencing involve RAID 5 plexes.

Geom_vinum uses the same on-disk metadata format as Vinum, so it will
read a configuration produced under 4.x---in fact, this was one of its
design goals.  BTW, Vinum is not the only software RAID option under
5.x: you can use geom_concat (gconcat) or geom_stripe (gstripe) for RAID
0; geom_mirror (gmirror) for RAID 1; and geom_raid3 (graid3) for RAID 3.
I successfully replaced my all-mirrored geom_vinum setup in-place on one
system with a geom_mirror setup.

Finally, if you are migrating from 4.x to 5.x, you might consider a
binary installation with restore rather than a source upgrade.  That
way, you can newfs your filesystems as UFS2 and get support for, e.g.,
snapshots, background fsck, etc.

Cheers,

Paul.
-- 
e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

"Without music to decorate it, time is just a bunch of boring production
 deadlines or dates by which bills must be paid."
--- Frank Vincent Zappa
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how to set backquote on PC keyboard telneting to FREEBSD

[John Williams]

Dear LIst,
 
i'm sure this is simple ... I am using a PC to telnet to a FreeBSD system.  The 
backquote key does not work.  I believe the STTY command is used to set the 
backquote key on FreeBSD.  Can anyone tell me the STTY command syntax to do 
this??
 
Thanks
 
 
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Re: Forcing symbol resolution in lib rather than bin

[Giorgos Keramidas]

On 2005-08-19 20:13, Jonathon McKitrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> I have a binary that links to a shared object library.  That .so calls a
> routine in an archive library (.a).  When I link the main app with -lar-a it
> works fine, even though the function is actually called in the .so.  But when
> I link the .so with -lar-a, the linker doesn't resolve the symbol!
>
> So, here's the call graph:
>
> bin --> shared --> archive
>
> If I link bin to shared and archive, it works.  But if I link shared to
> archive, and then bin to shared, it doesn't, even though the shared object
> calls the archived function, rather than bin.
>
> What basic link concept am I missing here?

Strange.  How are you building these libraries and the program?

I've uploaded a minimal test at:

http://people.freebsd.org/~keramida/files/jcm-lib.tar.gz

This contains three parts:

libfoo/ which defines libfoo_init()
and builds as a non-shared libfoo.a

libbar/ which defines libbar_init() and
calls libfoo_init()

foobar/ a program that links with libbar.so
and calls only libbar_init()

Here's the output of ldd on the foobar binary and the output of running
the foobar program:

# flame:/tmp/jcm-lib/foobar$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/../libbar ldd foobar
# foobar:
# libbar.so.1 => /tmp/jcm-lib/foobar/../libbar/libbar.so.1 (0x80062a000)
# libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x80072b000)
# flame:/tmp/jcm-lib/foobar$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/../libbar ./foobar
# libfoo initialized at 0x80062a8a0
# libbar initialized at 0x4004e4
# flame:/tmp/jcm-lib/foobar$

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Re: Forcing symbol resolution in lib rather than bin

[Jonathon McKitrick]

On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 10:47:48PM +0300, Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
: # flame:/tmp/jcm-lib/foobar$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/../libbar ./foobar
: # libfoo initialized at 0x80062a8a0
: # libbar initialized at 0x4004e4
: # flame:/tmp/jcm-lib/foobar$

Hmmm.  I'm using my own makefile setup rather than the standard one.  I know
you're a big fan of   ;-)

Doesn't ld *statically* link code from .a archives?

Jonathon McKitrick
--
Hoppiness is a good beer.
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Adding Disk Drive

[Edward Brown]

I have a server running FreeBSD 4.5, which currently has 2 disk drives. 
One is being used and one has never been touched. I would like to format 
and possibly partition, and then begin using this 2nd drive.


How should I proceed?

Thanks,
Edward Brown

<
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Re: Forcing symbol resolution in lib rather than bin

[Giorgos Keramidas]

On 2005-08-19 21:03, Jonathon McKitrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 10:47:48PM +0300, Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
>: # flame:/tmp/jcm-lib/foobar$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/../libbar ./foobar
>: # libfoo initialized at 0x80062a8a0
>: # libbar initialized at 0x4004e4
>: # flame:/tmp/jcm-lib/foobar$
>
> Hmmm.  I'm using my own makefile setup rather than the standard one.  I know
> you're a big fan of   ;-)
>
> Doesn't ld *statically* link code from .a archives?

'statically' is such an overloaded term I prefer to avoid using it.

The C linker will include the body of functions defined in non-shared
libraries into every shared object that references them, AFAIK.  This is
obvious if you run nm(1) on libbar.so of the example above, because the
libfoo_init() function is listed as 'T'.  I think that's what you want
by making the libfoo.a library non-shared in the first place.

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Re: Forcing symbol resolution in lib rather than bin

[Jonathon McKitrick]

On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 11:14:40PM +0300, Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
: > Doesn't ld *statically* link code from .a archives?
: 
: 'statically' is such an overloaded term I prefer to avoid using it.
: 
: The C linker will include the body of functions defined in non-shared
: libraries into every shared object that references them, AFAIK.  This is
: obvious if you run nm(1) on libbar.so of the example above, because the
: libfoo_init() function is listed as 'T'.  I think that's what you want
: by making the libfoo.a library non-shared in the first place.

I can see from nm(1) that the function I want is there ('T').  And reading
about ld(1) talks about the '-(' option for searching the .a archives until
there are no unresolved symbols.  But it still doesn't find mine unless I
link it with the binary, not the calling shared object.

Jonathon McKitrick
--
Hoppiness is a good beer.
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Re: Forcing symbol resolution in lib rather than bin

[Jonathon McKitrick]

On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 11:14:40PM +0300, Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
: On 2005-08-19 21:03, Jonathon McKitrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
: >On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 10:47:48PM +0300, Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
: >: # flame:/tmp/jcm-lib/foobar$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/../libbar ./foobar
: >: # libfoo initialized at 0x80062a8a0
: >: # libbar initialized at 0x4004e4
: >: # flame:/tmp/jcm-lib/foobar$
: >
: > Hmmm.  I'm using my own makefile setup rather than the standard one.  I know
: > you're a big fan of   ;-)
: >
: > Doesn't ld *statically* link code from .a archives?
: 
: 'statically' is such an overloaded term I prefer to avoid using it.
: 
: The C linker will include the body of functions defined in non-shared
: libraries into every shared object that references them, AFAIK.  This is
: obvious if you run nm(1) on libbar.so of the example above, because the
: libfoo_init() function is listed as 'T'.  I think that's what you want
: by making the libfoo.a library non-shared in the first place.

Got it!  I recalled something des or phk wrote me a while ago, then I skimmed
the manpage again.  I have to put the .a files AFTER the object files where
the unresolved symbol is found.

Jonathon McKitrick
--
Hoppiness is a good beer.
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Re: Adding Disk Drive

[Mark Kane]

Edward Brown wrote:


I have a server running FreeBSD 4.5, which currently has 2 disk drives. 
One is being used and one has never been touched. I would like to format 
and possibly partition, and then begin using this 2nd drive.


How should I proceed?

Thanks,
Edward Brown


Hi. This section of the handbook should be helpful:

http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-adding.html

I used the "sysinstall" method on several drives a couple weeks ago. It 
worked great.


-Mark

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Re: Forcing symbol resolution in lib rather than bin

[Giorgos Keramidas]

On 2005-08-19 21:19, Jonathon McKitrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 11:14:40PM +0300, Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
>: > Doesn't ld *statically* link code from .a archives?
>:
>: 'statically' is such an overloaded term I prefer to avoid using it.
>:
>: The C linker will include the body of functions defined in non-shared
>: libraries into every shared object that references them, AFAIK.  This is
>: obvious if you run nm(1) on libbar.so of the example above, because the
>: libfoo_init() function is listed as 'T'.  I think that's what you want
>: by making the libfoo.a library non-shared in the first place.
>
> I can see from nm(1) that the function I want is there ('T').  And reading
> about ld(1) talks about the '-(' option for searching the .a archives until
> there are no unresolved symbols.  But it still doesn't find mine unless I
> link it with the binary, not the calling shared object.

I think I'll have to see a minimal example that reproduces the problem.

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Re: Forcing symbol resolution in lib rather than bin

[Giorgos Keramidas]

On 2005-08-19 21:26, Jonathon McKitrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> Got it!  I recalled something des or phk wrote me a while ago, then I skimmed
> the manpage again.  I have to put the .a files AFTER the object files where
> the unresolved symbol is found.

Ah!  Yes, of course.  I didn't realize you were doing that, because I
never saw the build commands.

Glad it's fixed now :)

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Re: how to set backquote on PC keyboard telneting to FREEBSD

[Philip Hallstrom]

i'm sure this is simple ... I am using a PC to telnet to a FreeBSD 
system.  The backquote key does not work.  I believe the STTY command is 
used to set the backquote key on FreeBSD.  Can anyone tell me the STTY 
command syntax to do this??


I've always used...

stty erase 

seems to work for me...
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Re: Forcing symbol resolution in lib rather than bin

[Jonathon McKitrick]

On Fri, Aug 19, 2005 at 11:29:26PM +0300, Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
: On 2005-08-19 21:26, Jonathon McKitrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
: >
: > Got it!  I recalled something des or phk wrote me a while ago, then I 
skimmed
: > the manpage again.  I have to put the .a files AFTER the object files where
: > the unresolved symbol is found.
: 
: Ah!  Yes, of course.  I didn't realize you were doing that, because I
: never saw the build commands.
: 
: Glad it's fixed now :)

It just looks so... so ugly without the object at the *end* of the line...  ;-)

Jonathon McKitrick
--
Hoppiness is a good beer.
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Re: Hi

[devnull]

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Internet firewall

[Gareth Campbell]

Hey guys,

I'm a newbie and have got my box all set up with FreeBSD 5.4, fluxbox 
wm, firefox, thunderbird etc...  It's all looking awesome, with 
transparency, and working well.  I run it on dial-up ppp but haven't set 
up any firewall.  Should I be setting one up?  If so, do I use one of 
the bundled firewalls or can someone recommend one that would suit my 
purposes?  This is a stand-alone box, not on a home network.


Thanks

Gareth
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Re: Calculating the load average in the freebsd kernel

[Kannan Varadhan]

Thanks Chris.

Yes, I did see that earlier.  Two things about it:

1.  It is for the linux kernel.
Interestingly, the linux kernel is almost close enough to the BSD
kernel, particularly in the choice of constants and usage, although in
atypical convolutions.  The main difference is in how it is an unfolded
expression, which makes it hard to follow immediately, and in the formula
itself, for which, ...

2.  The linux formula though is:

67 #define CALC_LOAD(load,exp,n) \
68 load *= exp; \
69 load += n*(FIXED_1-exp); \
70 load >>= FSHIFT;

Which isload = ((load * exp) + n * (f_1 - exp)) >> FSHIFT.
Exp is really (in BSD speak) FSCALE * \alpha, f_1 is FSCALE, so this formula
boils down to (\alpha * load) + nrun * (1 - \alpha), a nice clean formula.

Thanks,


Kannan


On 8/19/05 1:58 PM, "Chris St Denis" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> This may help
> 
> http://www.teamquest.com/resources/gunther/ldavg1.shtml
> 
> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Kannan Varadhan
> Sent: Friday, August 19, 2005 12:08 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Calculating the load average in the freebsd kernel
> 
> Hello,
> 
> I am staring at the code in kern/kern_synch.c that calculates the load
> average of the system, and I cannot fully understand how the freebsd version
> works.  Specifically, it looks as:
> 
> /*
>  * Constants for averages over 1, 5, and 15 minutes
>  * when sampling at 5 second intervals.
>  */
> static fixpt_t cexp[3] = {
> 0.9200444146293232 * FSCALE,/* exp(-1/12) */
> 0.9834714538216174 * FSCALE,/* exp(-1/60) */
> 0.9944598480048967 * FSCALE,/* exp(-1/180) */
> };
> 
> ...
> 
> /*
>  * Compute a tenex style load average of a quantity on
>  * 1, 5 and 15 minute intervals.
>  * XXXKSE   Needs complete rewrite when correct info is available.
>  * Completely Bogus.. only works with 1:1 (but compiles ok now :-)
>  */
> static void
> loadav(void *arg)
> {
> int i, nrun;
> struct loadavg *avg;
> 
> nrun = sched_load();
> avg = &averunnable;
> 
> for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
> avg->ldavg[i] = (cexp[i] * avg->ldavg[i] +
> nrun * FSCALE * (FSCALE - cexp[i])) >> FSHIFT;
> 
>  ...
> 
> And elsewhere, FSCALE is defined as 1< 
> Focusing only the formula, then
> 
> avg->ldavg[i] = (cexp[i] * avg->ldavg[i] +
>  nrun * FSCALE * (FSCALE - cexp[i])) >> FSHIFT;
> ^^
> Why do we have that extra FSCALE multiplier in the second term?  If I do
> some logical simplifications, this seems to get me:
> 
> (\alpha * FSCALE * ldavg[I] + nrum * FSCALE * FSCALE (1 - \alpha)) >> FSHIFT
> 
> I.e.
> 
> \alpha * ldavg[I] + nrun * FSCALE * (1 - \alpha)
> 
> What am I missing in this arithmetic?
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Kannan
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RE: FXP driver....

[Arjan van der Oest]

Daniel,
 
>I haven't used the fxp driver in a while but you can check out the man page
>for the driver (man 4 fxp) and it mentions that you can disable autoselect
>for media type and speed. I remember reading in an article (I can't locate
>the URL) that the autonegotiation between the NIC and switch/router can be a
>bottleneck. That would be the easiset thing to check/eliminate. Hope that
>helps.

For both the xl and fxp driver "(if not, for all?) this would be "media
100basetx mediaopt full-duplex" and this is standard practise for me :)
 
It doesn't make any difference, neither on the 3com or the intel card :(
 
Thanks,
 
Arjan
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Re: Internet firewall

[Giorgos Keramidas]

On 2005-08-20 09:12, Gareth Campbell <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hey guys,
>
> I'm a newbie and have got my box all set up with FreeBSD 5.4, fluxbox
> wm, firefox, thunderbird etc...  It's all looking awesome, with
> transparency, and working well.  I run it on dial-up ppp but haven't set
> up any firewall.  Should I be setting one up?

Yes, definitely.

It takes about 4-5 seconds when I connect with my dialup account from
home and then incoming connections start coming from spyware, trojans
and misc. other scanners :-)

> If so, do I use one of the bundled firewalls or can someone recommend
> one that would suit my purposes?  This is a stand-alone box, not on a
> home network.

The Handbook has a relatively nice chapter on firewalls.

At my home workstation (that uses a dialup connection to the world) and
on my laptop (that spends a lot of time connected in a corporate
network), I use the PF firewall with exactly the same configuration on
both machines:

- Allow all outgoing connections
- Allow *some* incoming connections
- Block everything else

The ``/etc/pf.conf'' file can be found at:

http://people.freebsd.org/~keramida/files/pf.conf

This and the Handbook chapter about PF will give a good head start :)

- Giorgos

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Re: Adding Disk Drive

[Gary W. Swearingen]

And
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/formatting-media/index.html
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Quick sound question

[Eric Murphy]

Hey all Im trying to install OSS to get 5.1 sound working -- I keep getting 
THIS error:


(I get a similar error when trying to run glxgears as well)



greed# ./oss-install 
/libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libncurses.so.5" not found, required by 
"oss-install"

So what packages am i missing?
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Re: how to set backquote on PC keyboard telneting to FREEBSD

[Giorgos Keramidas]

On 2005-08-19 12:39, John Williams <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Dear LIst,

> i'm sure this is simple ... I am using a PC to telnet to a FreeBSD
> system.  The backquote key does not work.  I believe the STTY command
> is used to set the backquote key on FreeBSD.  Can anyone tell me the
> STTY command syntax to do this??

Is the "PC" running Windows?

Some installations of Windows use the backquote character as a special
"accent character", which adds a grave accent "`" mark above the next
character typed.  If you hit the backquote key and then quickly SPACE,
a single backquote is then sent to the application (and to FreeBSD,
through the SSH connection).

- Giorgos

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postfix 2.1.5 sasl2 on 5.4

[dave]

Hello,
I'm trying to set up a new mailserver, config below, on a freebsd 5.4
box. I'm using chroot for the postfix processes and am going to introduce
postfix-style virtual domains when i get sasl/tls working. Currently, i can
connect, but authentication fails. I've got in my rc.conf lines starting
postfix and sasl2 both installed from ports, i do not see my error, the
sasl_flags is set to -a pam, i'm trying to authenticate against the system's
master password file and am ensuring sasl2's state file is starting within
the postfix chroot so postfix can access it. Any help appreciated.
Thanks.
Thanks.
Dave.

master.cf:
smtp  inet  n   -   y   -   -   smtpd
smtpsinet  n   -   y   -   -   smtpd
  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
pickupfifo  n   -   y   60  1   pickup
cleanup   unix  n   -   y   -   0   cleanup
qmgr  fifo  n   -   y   300 1   qmgr
#tlsmgr   fifo  -   -   y   300 1   tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -   -   y   -   -   trivial-rewrite
bounceunix  -   -   y   -   0   bounce
defer unix  -   -   y   -   0   bounce
trace unix  -   -   y   -   0   bounce
verifyunix  -   -   y   -   1   verify
flush unix  n   -   y   1000?   0   flush
proxymap  unix  -   -   n   -   -   proxymap
smtp  unix  -   -   y   -   -   smtp
relay unix  -   -   y   -   -   smtp
   -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix  n   -   y   -   -   showq
error unix  -   -   y   -   -   error
local unix  -   n   n   -   -   local
virtual   unix  -   n   n   -   -   virtual
#lmtp  unix  -   -   y   -   -   lmtp
anvil unix  -   -   y   -   1   anvil
scache   unix - - n - 1 scache
discard   unix - - n - - discard
tlsmgrunix  -   -   n   1000?   1   tlsmgr

main.cf:
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
command_directory = /usr/local/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/local/libexec/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
default_privs = nobody
myhostname = 
mydomain = xx
myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = all
proxy_interfaces = 65.31.41.29
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
local_recipient_maps = proxy:unix:passwd.byname $alias_maps
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/24
relay_domains = $mydestination
sendmail_path = /usr/local/sbin/sendmail
newaliases_path = /usr/local/bin/newaliases
mailq_path = /usr/local/bin/mailq
setgid_group = maildrop
biff = no
show_user_unknown_table_name = no
empty_address_recipient = MAILER-DAEMON

# rate limiting
smtpd_error_sleep_time = 0s
smtpd_timeout = 60s
smtp_connect_timeout = 30s
smtp_helo_timeout = 60s
smtp_mail_timeout = 60s
smtp_quit_timeout = 120s
smtp_rcpt_timeout = 60s
smtp_rset_timeout = 60s
default_process_limit = 5
smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3
smtpd_hard_error_limit = 3
smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 3
smtpd_client_event_limit_exceptions = $mynetworks
smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit = 20
anvil_rate_time_unit = 1800s
strict_8bitmime = no
strict_8bitmime_body = no
strict_mime_encoding_domain = yes
strict_7bit_header = no
maximal_queue_lifetime = 4d
message_size_limit = 1000
queue_minfree = 1500
mailbox_size_limit = 10
delay_warning_time = 1h
# rejection codes
unknown_address_reject_code = 554
unknown_client_reject_code = 554
unknown_hostname_reject_code = 554
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
unknown_relay_recipient_reject_code = 550
unverified_recipient_reject_code = 550
unverified_sender_reject_code = 550
# uce values
strict_rfc821_envelopes = yes
disable_vrfy_command = yes
smtpd_etrn_restrictions = permit_mynetworks
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions =
 permit_mynetworks,
 reject_unauth_pipelining,
 reject_invalid_hostname,
smtpd_sender_restrictions =
 permit_sasl_authenticated,
 permit_mynetworks,
 reject_non_fqdn_sender,
 reject_unknown_sender_domain,
 reject_unauth_pipelining
 reject_rhsbl_sender dsn.rfc-ignorant.org,
 reject_rhsbl_sender blackhole.securitysage.com,
 reject_sender_login_mismatch
smtpd_client_restrictions =
  reject_rbl_client   bl.spamcop.net,
 reject_rbl_client   sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org,
 reject_rhsbl_client blackhole.securitysage.com,
 reject_rbl_client   list.dsbl.org,
 reject_rbl_client relays.ordb.org
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
 permit_sasl_authenticated,
 permit_mynetworks,
 reject_unauth_destination,
 reject_invalid_hostname,
 reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
 reject_non_fqdn_sender,
 reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
 reject_unknown_sender_domain,
   

Re: how to set backquote on PC keyboard telneting to FREEBSD

[Kent Stewart]

On Friday 19 August 2005 03:46 pm, Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
> On 2005-08-19 12:39, John Williams <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > Dear LIst,
> >
> > i'm sure this is simple ... I am using a PC to telnet to a FreeBSD
> > system.  The backquote key does not work.  I believe the STTY
> > command is used to set the backquote key on FreeBSD.  Can anyone
> > tell me the STTY command syntax to do this??
>
> Is the "PC" running Windows?
>
> Some installations of Windows use the backquote character as a
> special "accent character", which adds a grave accent "`" mark above
> the next character typed.  If you hit the backquote key and then
> quickly SPACE, a single backquote is then sent to the application
> (and to FreeBSD, through the SSH connection).

I use KDE and then set my keyboard layout to Spanish traditional. It 
provides for the "con acento" such as á, "ñ", and etc. If I press the " 
key and then a letter, I get the equivalent of the umlaut key. Look for 
a layout that specifies "dead keys".

Kent

>
> - Giorgos
>
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-- 
Kent Stewart
Richland, WA

http://users.owt.com/kstewart/index.html
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Re: ctags with recursion and sort

[Parv]

in message <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
wrote Dev FreeBSD thusly...
>
> Tried to use 'ctags' for FreeBSD sources.
> However, I could not find the '--recurse' and '--sort' options in ctags
> available on FreeBSD.
> 
> Are there any alternatives.

deve/ctags port, in fact.

  - Parv

-- 

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could this be done?

[Levi Campbell]

Hi, I'm Levi Campbell and I was wondering if it would be possible to
add a speech synthesizer to the kernel for those blind sysadmins
and/or programmers? Please refer to the SpeakUp project for linux at
http://www.linux-speakup.org for an example, also, feeldd free to
email me.

Thank you for your time.
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very big files on cd9660 file system

[Mikhail Teterin]

Hello!

I have a cd9660 image with several files on it. One of the files is very large 
(above 4Gb). When I mount the image, the size of this file is shown as 
realsize % 4Gb -- 758876749 bytes instead of 5053844045.

What should I blame:

1) The software, that created the image (modified mkisofs)
2) cd9660 part of the FreeBSD kernel
3) ISO-9660 standard

Thank you!

-mi
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Re: Quick sound question

[Mike Hernandez]

On 8/19/05, Eric Murphy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hey all Im trying to install OSS to get 5.1 sound working -- I keep getting 
> THIS error:
> 
> 
> (I get a similar error when trying to run glxgears as well)
> 
> 
> 
> greed# ./oss-install
> /libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libncurses.so.5" not found, required by 
> "oss-install"
> 

Looks like ncurses is missing it's in ports under devel

Mike
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Re: Long Uptime

[Nikolas Britton]

On 8/11/05, Kent Stewart <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Thursday 11 August 2005 12:09 pm, Matt Kosht wrote:
> > >On 8/11/05, Peter Giessel <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > > There are uptimes greater than 4 years listed here:
> > > http://uptime.netcraft.com/up/today/top.avg.html
> >
> > A Windows 2000 server with over 1000 days of uptime. Whoever hacked
> > it must be doing a good job as sysadmin  ;)
> 
> Not possible for a good sysadmin. There have been numerous updates by
> Microsoft that require a reboot to finish the install. Anything over
> 2-3 months has a sysadmin that has not been adding their security
> fixes.
> 

You can keep a windows 2000 system secure without patching!:

* Uninstall Outlook Express and IE ( http://www.litepc.com/ ), Install
Firefox and Thunderbird.
* Install Perl, Uninstall WSH.
* Hardware (m0n0wall) and software (stealth mode, deny all (Kerio,
ZoneAlarm, etc.)) firewalls.
* Virus scanner.
* Remove MS JVM, install Sun's.
* MS Office replaced with OpenOffice (Don't install Outlook!!!).
* Subscribe to CERT advisories list.

I had a running average of 30-40 days between reboots, I think the
highest was 90+ days, on my main do everything and anything desktop PC
(it runs FreeBSD, 6-STABLE, now). Most of those reboots where
installing new demo/alpha/beta software for QC/deployment/requirements
testing, so this system was a software whore.

I've never managed Win2K or Win2K3 servers, because I now use FreeBSD
and Linux exclusively for that, but my WinNT4 boxes routinely had 100s
of days uptime. Just make sure it has the latest service pack, follow
the advice above, and check the advisory lists often to see if your at
risk and ways to mitigate it. Also check out 98lite and 2000/XPlite,
this software will, figuratively, strip windows down to the bare
kernel if you want it to.
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Re: Long Uptime

[Jerahmy Pocott]

On 20/08/2005, at 11:34 AM, Nikolas Britton wrote:



You can keep a windows 2000 system secure without patching!:

* Uninstall Outlook Express and IE ( http://www.litepc.com/ ), Install
Firefox and Thunderbird.
* Install Perl, Uninstall WSH.
* Hardware (m0n0wall) and software (stealth mode, deny all (Kerio,
ZoneAlarm, etc.)) firewalls.
* Virus scanner.
* Remove MS JVM, install Sun's.
* MS Office replaced with OpenOffice (Don't install Outlook!!!).
* Subscribe to CERT advisories list.

I had a running average of 30-40 days between reboots, I think the
highest was 90+ days, on my main do everything and anything desktop PC
(it runs FreeBSD, 6-STABLE, now).



Many updates are for core things that require reboots though.. As a  
desktop
you can get away with it.. As a server I don't think I would take the  
risk..


Also, in my experience windows systems start running quite slow after  
about
3 days of heavy load due to memory leaks and the like, which isn't so  
noticeable
with just a web server, but on databases it gets horrible.. When I  
used windows

I pretty much rebooted every 3-5 days due to loss in performance..

I guess newer versions might have less leaks.. But it is just as  
likely they have more!



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Re: FreeBSD on current crop of laptops?

[nawcom]

When I had my Dell Inspiron 5100, it took a little tweaking but I 
eventually got agp support to work. I havent heard any info about the 
newer dell models though


Ben


Uwe Laverenz wrote:


On Wed, Aug 17, 2005 at 10:11:38PM -0600, Tom Vilot wrote:

 

I like the (big-ass) Toshiba Satellite machines, but I'm not wedded to 
them. I am curious what people's experiences are with some of the newer 
laptops and what might be recommended.
   



I can recommend the IBM Thinkpad R51, especially the models with Ati
7500 or 9000 graphics, because these chips are supported by the free
drivers that come with Xorg. I run FreeBSD 5.4 on my R51 and I am very
happy with it.

I have also heard positive statements about the Samsung X20 XVM 1600.

Uwe

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Yet another simple sound question....

[Eric Murphy]

I had thought that my Sound Blaster Audigy driver (emu10k1) only supported 2 
channels (or 2 speakers) however upon playin an mp3 today i noticed that I was 
getting sound out of all my speakers includeing my sub.  So how do i adject the 
channels as turning up certain speakers or tuning the sub?


On a side note: anyone else thats useing raid and 6.0 getting random reboots?
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