RE: HD Errors

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Robert McIntosh
> Sent: Saturday, July 08, 2006 7:53 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: HD Errors
> 
> 
> OK,
> 
> It's a Maxtor DiamondMax Plus 9 120GB ATA/133 hard drive 
> (EIDE).  It's 
> in a Dell Dimension P133v.  I also have a Dell Optiplex GX1 
> which only 
> supports a hard drive of 80 GB max.  This machine is at least 
> as old as 
> the optiplex, so it's likely to support at most 80 GB as 
> well, not 120 GB.
> 
> I ran Maxtor's HD Diagnostic tools on the drive and the test, 
> with the 
> exception of the long, full test, came back as "passed".  So, I have 
> reasonable confidence that the problem isn't the drive.
> 
> FreeBSD says during drive formatting that there may be weird 
> errors for 
> drives misreporting size.  Are the errors that I'm seeing likely 
> reflective of this?  What should my concern level be?
> 
> Thanks again,
> Robert
> 
> Tamouh H. wrote:
> >> Hi,
> >>
> >> I'm seeing the following messages in /var/log/messages and am 
> >> concerned about the integrity of the hard drive:
> >>
> >>> ad0: WRITE command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
> >>> cd9660: RockRidge Extension
> >>> ad0: READ command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
> >>> ad0: READ command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
> >>> ad0: READ command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
> >>> cd9660: RockRidge Extension
> >>> ad0: READ command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
> >>> cd9660: RockRidge Extension
> >>> ad0: WRITE command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
> >>> ad0: READ command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
> >>> ata0: resetting devices .. done
> >>> ad0: READ command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
> >>> ata0: resetting devices .. done
> >>> swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer: device: #ad/0x20001, 
> >> blkno: 5488, 
> >>> size: 4096
> >>> ad0: WRITE command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
> >> Are the ad0 messages showing the hard drive is having 
> >> hardware problems?
> >>
> >> Many thanks,
> >> Robert
> > 
> > Very likely, backup your important date, grab a HD 
> manufacturer disk and test out the drive then post results 
> here with the hard drive manufacture name/model.
> > 
> > Tamouh
> > 
Hello Robert,

Please don't top post.  It is difficult for someone joining the
conversation to understand what is going on and to help.

Have you taken Tamouh's advice and backed up your data?  If not, do it
now!

Regarding size:  What size differences do you see?  Maxtor's
diagnostics, BIOS, dmesg, fdisk, etc?  I doubt this is your problem.

Cables:  Be sure you've got good and proper cables, that the drive's
jumper is set appropriately to master or slave (and not to Auto), that
both ends are tight as is the power cable.

Heat:  Does the drive feel extraordinarily hot?  If so, replace it now!

Does FreeBSD eventually boot and run?  I.e., does it get past resettings
of the hard drive ad0?  If so, then you should definitely run the more
exhaustive diagnostics.  (Do this AFTER you are sure of your cabling and
AFTER your backup.)  Given your problem, I wouldn't put too much faith
in the quick diagnostics.  

You could try "refreshing" your drive:  
dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/dev/ad0 bs=1m

I notice the whole bus ata0 reset a couple times.  Do you have another
drive that you can put into that machine and see if you get the same
errors?  If so, you may just need to give up on that board.  You could
see if Dell has diagnostics for your P133v, and if they do, run them.

Most likely the errors you see in dmesg are occuring on most reads and
writes, and hence your performance is going to be bad.  It will also get
worse whether it is the bus or the drive.  If you can't find and fix
your problem, make sure your backups are frequent...

Do you have a small slice on your 120G drive that you could devote to
Red Hat (or Fedora)?  If so, and if it gives similar error messages,
then Dell support would help you.

Good luck,

-gayn



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RE: FreeBSD for kids...

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Norberto Meijome
> Sent: Thursday, July 06, 2006 5:53 AM
> To: Lee Capps
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: FreeBSD for kids...
> 
> 
> On Thu, 6 Jul 2006 07:09:24 -0400
> Lee Capps <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
> > Would be neat if someone came up with a meta-port (like
> > instant-workstation) to do this all at once.
> 
> yup. or even a freesbie cd to drop into a computer and 
> "sanitize" it with
> useful kiddie stuff :) time to learn how to modify freesbie 
> (and upgrade it to
> 6.x too... ) 
> 
> ah, the fun of OSS :D
> 
> cheers,
> Beto

Would PC-BSD meet your needs?  www.pcbsd.org

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Opinions Wanted: Dell PowerEdge Servers ... ?

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Chuck Swiger
> Sent: Monday, June 26, 2006 7:57 AM
> To: Mike Galvez
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Opinions Wanted: Dell PowerEdge Servers ... ?
> 
> 
> Mike Galvez wrote:
> [ ... ]
> > No small thing you need to consider when choosing Dell is 
> that they DO NOT support
> > FreeBSD. They support Windows and Red Hat Linux. If the 
> machine is not lights-out
> > and the OS is not one of the above, they will not send 
> parts or a technician.
> > 
> > I found this out the hard way and had to load Linux on a 
> spare drive just to prove
> > a piece of hardware was failing.
> 
> I've heard that Dells tech support isn't as helpful as it 
> used to be, but I've 
> had them replace a CD-ROM drive and a 4mm DAT tape backup on 
> Dell machines 
> dedicated to FreeBSD without any problems.
> 
> Try running the diagnostic CD or floppy that came with the machine?
> (Or can be downloaded for the specific system type from the 
> Dell website.)
> 
> -- 
> -Chuck

I suggest a small slice with Red Hat or Fedora on any Dell Server that
runs FreeBSD.  As Chuck suggests, downloading the diagnostics for your
machine in advance is good advice.  I've found Dell's Linux support team
is helpful, but they have some policies like "run the diagnostics before
doing anything else" which you usually won't be able to avoid. They may
want to walk you through a Linux boot or some other steps under Linux.
Once they verify the problem, they are very good at sending replacement
hardware. 

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: FreeBSD Security Survey

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Ted 
> Mittelstaedt
> Sent: Sunday, May 21, 2006 11:20 PM
> To: Colin Percival; FreeBSD Questions
> Subject: RE: FreeBSD Security Survey
> 
> Colin,
> 
>   Just a couple problems with the survey:
> 
> Question #6 needs a "Sometimes" as it is not going to be a yes
> or no question for many people.
> 
> Your also ignoring the fact that many security holes are a lot
> easier to ignore and just block off the affected service.  For example
> we run an older RADIUS daemon that has the hole in it that CERT
> documented a few years ago.  But we restrict incoming radius
> queries to this server to the NAS only.  When the FreeBSD telnetd
> problem came out a few years back I didn't bother patching systems,
> I just disabled telnetd and waited until it was time to replace the
> server with a new version of FreeBSD.
> 
> The thing is, though, that when your dealing with a production
> server you really have to understand what is involved to apply a
> patch.  You don't just go to a production system that a lot of people
> are using and run some automated patch-me program that fucks around
> with a bunch of files on that server under the hood.  You have to
> apply the patch to a test system, by hand, to know exactly what
> it's changing, then run your test suite on the test system to make
> sure the production system isn't going to tank when you touch it,
> then schedule a time to touch the production system and patch it,
> and make sure you have plenty of time in your schedule available
> post-patch just in case something reacts wrong.
> 
>   And, when the FBSD system is a server you have built under spec
> for a customer, it's a whole different ballgame because before you
> spend a minute of time on it, you have to go to the customer and
> tell them a security patch came out for their server and they got to
> pay you a couple hundred bucks to install it on their server you
> built for them.  Your not going to work for free.  And the customer
> may take the attitude that they are planning on replacing the server
> in 6 months anyway, and at that time you can just use a new version of
> FBSD that doesen't have the hole, and they are just going to take
> their chances until then.
> 
>   In that situation even if patching their server was merely 
> a matter of
> spending 2 minutes logging into it and running an updater, you still
> wouldn't
> do it and you know why?  Because the second you start doing work for
> that customer for free, they are going to expect it.  It's better from
> a business perspective for you to warn them their server is open and
> they have to pay you to patch it, have them decline for the moment
> and leave it unpatched because they are going to gamble for another
> 6 months that it won't be attacked, and then have a cracker bust it up
> so you can tell them "I told you we needed to patch that and 
> you decided
> to cheap out, look what you get"  (of course you say it in a more
> diplomatic way)
> 
>   Your survey responses lack any responses that indicate that leaving
> the system unpatched may be deliberately done, for monetary reasons,
> your responses in the survey assume that all system admins that
> understand the security implications of leaving a system wide open
> are going to always patch them, and only ignorant/newbie system
> admins are going to run an unpatched system.
> 
>   And the other problem too is that there's still a lot of hardware
> out there that runs FreeBSD 4.11 much better than 5.X and later.
> I have a number of Compaq dual-PPro deskpros for example that work
> fine under 4.11 but run slow as molassas under newer versions of
> FreeBSD.  send-pr reports are pointless here since many people
> have already complained about such behavior with a lot of different
> gear, and it appears all the FBSD developers today are building
> on nice new gigahertz hardware not old stuff, and have the attitude
> to just scrap the old hardware, and buy new, it's cheap enough.
> 
>   You need to add another question like:
> 
> X) why are you running an obsolete version of FreeBSD:
> 
>   ) hardware I have doesen't work well with newer versions of FBSD
> 
>   But, I realize that very likely you won't add this because it's
> not something the FBSD development team wants to hear.  (ie: spend
> more time optimizing and working through the PR database and less time
> coming out with new gee-whiz FBSD versions and trying to get people to
> upgrade)
> 
>   Good luck with it, but understand also that the same issues apply to
> patching Windows systems.  When we install a Windows server, we never
> turn on auto-updates, we only do this for desktops.  And 
> before applying
> a MS patch to a Windows server it has to go through the same 
> rigamarole
> of testing and such that a patch to a FBSD server would.  Too 
> many times
> in the past, patches have broken application software.
> 
> Ted

Colin,

I had the same problem with #6 and also with #12.  #9, which 

RE: gmirror and partitioning

[Gayn Winters]

> From: Nagy László Zsolt [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Wednesday, May 17, 2006 12:29 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: gmirror and partitioning
> 
> 
> 
> >> acd0: CDROM  at ata0-master PIO4
> >> ad8: 152626MB  at ata4-master SATA150
> >> ad10: 152627MB  at ata5-master SATA150
> >> 
> > Sadly, yes; or buy a bigger second disk. You could do the 
> install on the
> > smaller disk first, or you could make ad10s1 smaller.
> >   
> Okay, I did this. But I'm still interested in the topic. The 
> size of a 
> hard drive is determined by the manufacturer. It depends on how many 
> sectors, heads and cylinders present in the device. The 
> actual available 
> size can be smaller because of bad sectors on the disc. But 
> the BIOS (or 
> FreeBSD) should detect the full size, including all sectors. These 
> devices are identical. Then how in the hell could it add one 
> more MB to 
> the second device? I presume if I swap drives between ata4-master and 
> ata5-master then still ad10 would be bigger. Is this a bug in FreeBSD?
> 
>Laszlo

Hi Laszlo,

No bugs; I think this is normal.  Both the BIOS and the OS are only
going to see the blocks the hard drive thinks are useable.  Even though
the drive geometry is "fictitious", most people still recommend defining
your slices to begin and end on cylinder boundaries.  I assume this
makes accessing blocks in the slice a few nanoseconds faster, but I'm
actually not sure.  Perhaps someone on the list knows more detail.  In
any case, if you do this for as10s1 gmirror will replicate this property
to the other disk.  You'll also most likely have a few blocks left over.
As for units of MB, I'm not sure.  Could be rounding.

Can we assume your gmirror is now working?

Best regards,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 



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RE: gmirror and partitioning

[Gayn Winters]

> From: Nagy László Zsolt [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Tuesday, May 16, 2006 10:41 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: gmirror and partitioning
> 
> > Hi Laszlo,
> >
> > Well it looks like you've got gm0 up and running.  I assume you've
> > edited /etc/fstab so that it boots cleanly.  My first 
> thought is that
> > you need to zero ad8 to make sure gmirror isn't confused.  
> Try that (dd
> > if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad8) at least for several blocks.  
> Then reboot and
> > post dmesg.
> >   
> 
>   Hello Gayns,
> 
> Good to see you again. :-)
> 
> backupserver# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad8 count=4096
> 4096+0 records in
> 4096+0 records out
> 2097152 bytes transferred in 0.686872 secs (3053192 bytes/sec)
> 
> < then I rebooted >
> 
> backupserver# gmirror insert gm0 /dev/ad8
> Provider ad8 too small.
> 
> Here are the important parts from my dmesg:
> 
> ...
> 
> atapci0:  port 
> 0x9010-0x9017,0x9400-0x9403,0x9810-0x9817,0x9c00-0x9c03,0xa000-0xa00f 
> irq 22 at device 6.0 on pci4
> ata2:  on atapci0
> ata3:  on atapci0
> isab0:  at device 31.0 on pci0
> isa0:  on isab0
> atapci1:  port 
> 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6,0x170-0x177,0x376,0xf000-0xf00f at device 
> 31.1 on pci0
> ata0:  on atapci1
> ata1:  on atapci1
> atapci2:  port 
> 0xd000-0xd007,0xd400-0xd403,0xd800-0xd807,0xdc00-0xdc03,0xe000-0xe00f 
> irq 19 at device 31.2 on pci0
> atapci2: failed to enable memory mapping!
> 
> 
> 
> acd0: CDROM  at ata0-master PIO4
> ad8: 152626MB  at ata4-master SATA150
> ad10: 152627MB  at ata5-master SATA150
> SMP: AP CPU #1 Launched!
> GEOM_MIRROR: Device gm0 created (id=934763830).
> GEOM_MIRROR: Device gm0: provider ad10 detected.
> GEOM_MIRROR: Device gm0: provider ad10 activated.
> GEOM_MIRROR: Device gm0: provider mirror/gm0 launched.
> Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/mirror/gm0s1a
> bge0: link state changed to UP
> 
> 
> This is really wreid! The hard disks are the same: SAMSUNG HD160JJ 
> ZM100-33. But one is bigger than the other. How could this happen? 
> Should I reinstall everything from the beginning? :-(
> 
> 
> Best,
> 
>Laszlo

Sadly, yes; or buy a bigger second disk. You could do the install on the
smaller disk first, or you could make ad10s1 smaller.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: gmirror and partitioning

[Gayn Winters]

> From: Nagy László Zsolt [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Tuesday, May 16, 2006 8:27 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: gmirror and partitioning
> 
> 
> 
> > Laszlo,
> >
> > You're making gmirror way too difficult.  In short, install 
> FreeBSD with
> > however many partitions you want, then install gmirror and replicate
> > your disk to the second disk.
> >
> > The standard howto documents are:
> >
> > http://dannyman.toldme.com/2005/01/24/freebsd-howto-gmirror-system/
> >
> > http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/bsd/2005/11/10/FreeBSD_Basics.html
> >
> > http://people.freebsd.org/~rse/mirror/
> >
> > I've used Danny's and Ralf's (the first and third).  
> Danny's is simpler,
> > but Ralf's has the advantage that it can be done remotely.  Danny's
> > website now recommends Dru's (the second).  You may want to try that
> > first.
> >
> > Let us know how it goes,
> >   
> I tried the second link, as you suggested. It does not work for me. I 
> have to identical disks on /dev/ad10 and /dev/ad8. I have installed 
> FreeBSD on /dev/ad10 and I initialized gmirror on that disk. Here is 
> what df says:
> 
> backupserver# df -h
> Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
> /dev/mirror/gm0s1a 4.8G 34M 4.4G 1% /
> devfs 1.0K 1.0K 0B 100% /dev
> /dev/mirror/gm0s1e 9.7G 12K 8.9G 0% /tmp
> /dev/mirror/gm0s1f 115G 261M 106G 0% /usr
> /dev/mirror/gm0s1d 9.7G 232K 8.9G 0% /var
> backupserver# swapinfo
> Device 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
> /dev/mirror/gm0s1b 5242880 0 5242880 0%Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 
> backupserver#
> 
> 
> Then I try to add the ad8 device:
> 
> backupserver# gmirror insert gm0 /dev/ad8
> Provider ad8 too small.
> backupserver#
> 
> But of course this is not true. ad8 and ad10 are identical 
> 160GB SATA disks.
> What am I doing wrong? Please help.
> 
> Laszlo

Hi Laszlo,

Well it looks like you've got gm0 up and running.  I assume you've
edited /etc/fstab so that it boots cleanly.  My first thought is that
you need to zero ad8 to make sure gmirror isn't confused.  Try that (dd
if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad8) at least for several blocks.  Then reboot and
post dmesg.

-gayn

 


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RE: gmirror and partitioning

[Gayn Winters]

> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of User Gandalf
> Sent: Friday, May 12, 2006 7:26 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: gmirror and partitioning
> 
> 
> 
>   Hello!
> 
> I would like to install a new FreeBSD 6.1 system on a 
> computer that has 
> two SATA drives. They are the same type. I would like to use 
> gmirror. I 
> read the handbook here:
>
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom-mirror.ht
ml

> But there is something I do not understand. The handbook suggest that
I 
> install FreeBSD on only two partitions: a swap and the root fs. But I 
> would like to create many partitions. I think I can do it the
following way:

   1. Install a basic system on drive /dev/ad0, using two smaller
  partitions (2GB for swap and 10GB for the root fs).
   2. Create the /dev/mirror/gm device on /dev/ad1, as suggested by the
  handbook
   3. When doing 'bsdlabel -wB /dev/mirror/gm0s1', I can allocate gm0s1a
  and gm0s1b with the same sizes (10GB and 2GB) but I can also add
  other partitions for /usr, /tmp and /var. Can I?
   4. Then I can copy the whole system from ad0s1a to
  /dev/mirror/gm0s1a, and continue the installation, following the
  instructions in the handbook
   5. Finally, after I added /dev/ad0 to /dev/gm0 and I'm done with
  synchronization, I would like to format the additional partitions,
  dump and restore my current /usr, /tmp and /var directories,
  change my fstab and reboot...


> Will this work? Sorry for the dumb question, but I have never done
this 
> before. The handbook only suggest that I install FreeBSD on one / 
> partition only, but it does not tell how to create new partitions
after 
> mirroring.

> Thanks,

>   Laszlo

Laszlo,

You're making gmirror way too difficult.  In short, install FreeBSD with
however many partitions you want, then install gmirror and replicate
your disk to the second disk.

The standard howto documents are:

http://dannyman.toldme.com/2005/01/24/freebsd-howto-gmirror-system/

http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/bsd/2005/11/10/FreeBSD_Basics.html

http://people.freebsd.org/~rse/mirror/

I've used Danny's and Ralf's (the first and third).  Danny's is simpler,
but Ralf's has the advantage that it can be done remotely.  Danny's
website now recommends Dru's (the second).  You may want to try that
first.

Let us know how it goes,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: removing geom config left over from previous install

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Robert Fitzpatrick
> Sent: Friday, May 05, 2006 10:35 AM
> To: FreeBSD
> Subject: removing geom config left over from previous install
> 
> 
> Trying to mirror the system using geom on a box with 2 pairs of
> identical SCSI drives (2 IBM 9GB drives and 2 Seagate 35GB 
> drives). The
> Seagate drives were mirrored with geom under a previous install and I
> was trying to mirror the system, when all was not working and 
> I decided
> to start all over again. I have tried a few times now with a fresh
> install of FreeBSD 6.0 and on the last round, removed and 
> wrote changes
> to the disk in the splice setup for all four disks and then restarted
> the machine and installation to make sure I had all disks 
> with one slice
> of unused space to start. I did, so I proceeded to create all my
> partitions on the one IBM da0 drive to mirrored with da1 
> after install.
> The issue is that after loading the mirror, I get what seems to be my
> previous devices, how can I get a fresh start? Because this eventually
> leads to 'bsdlabel: Geom not found'...right after first boot, I am
> following the doc at http://people.freebsd.org/~rse/mirror/
> 
> files# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 bs=512 count=79
> 79+0 records in
> 79+0 records out
> 40448 bytes transferred in 0.015124 secs (2674452 bytes/sec)
> files# fdisk -v -B -I /dev/da1
> *** Working on device /dev/da1 ***
> fdisk: invalid fdisk partition table found
> parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
> cylinders=1115 heads=255 sectors/track=63 (16065 blks/cyl)
> 
> Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
> parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
> cylinders=1115 heads=255 sectors/track=63 (16065 blks/cyl)
> 
> Information from DOS bootblock is:
> 1: sysid 165 (0xa5),(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD)
> start 63, size 17912412 (8746 Meg), flag 80 (active)
> beg: cyl 0/ head 1/ sector 1;
> end: cyl 90/ head 254/ sector 63
> 2: 
> 3: 
> 4: 
> fdisk: Geom not found
> files# gmirror label -v -n -b round-robin gm0s1 /dev/da1s1
> Metadata value stored on /dev/da1s1.

The geom metadata is stored in the last block of the slice.  Zero it as
well and you can have a clean start.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: UML editor on FreeBSD - need recommendation

[Gayn Winters]

> From: Pietro Cerutti [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 11:55 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; FreeBSD
> Subject: Re: UML editor on FreeBSD - need recommendation

> On 5/2/06, Gayn Winters <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > Would anyone please recommend a graphical UML editor to run 
> on FreeBSD?
> > I'd install an appropriate GUI for it.
> 
> Personally, I use Poseidon from Gentleware.
> You can find it in the ports system under java/poseidon.

> > Ideally it would support UML 3.0 and the emerging system engineering
> > profile SysML.
> 
> As stated at http://www.uml.org/, the latest UML standard is 2.0. Am I
> missing something?
> I think Poseidon doesn't support SysML at the moment.

Thanks!  My error.  UML 2.0 is the latest.  I'm not sure about the
latest version of XMI for interchange; however, googling for << SysML
Poseidon >> gets several hits that seem to indicate that Poseidon can
import an XMI description of SysML, and hence it will support SysML. (I
don't understand how graphics are interchanged.) This is probably true
for any UML editor that is keeping up with UML and XMI, but I'm learning
as I go.  See for example,
http://homepages.nildram.co.uk/~esukpc20/exff2005_05/exff_legacy/docs/sy
sml_ap233_assembly.html

I assume the port java/poseidon is the "community edition" of Poseidon,
i.e. the free and somewhat stripped down edition.
(http://gentleware.com/edcompare.0.html) I take it you find it adequate.
Does the port depend on any particular GUI?  Is the performance ok under
FreeBSD's Java?

I found the following list of UML editors useful
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UML_tools
The following link has interesting comments/opinions on this topic:
http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~migod/uml.html
It in turn has a link to one vendor's idea of a list of criteria for a
UML editing tool:
http://www.objectsbydesign.com/tools/modeling_tools.html.

Any other recommendations for a UML editor?  Anyone using UML to
specify/model a large system to be developed under FreeBSD?  Anyone been
able to generate executable code from UML under FreeBSD?

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 



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UML editor on FreeBSD - need recommendation

[Gayn Winters]

Would anyone please recommend a graphical UML editor to run on FreeBSD?
I'd install an appropriate GUI for it.

Ideally it would support UML 3.0 and the emerging system engineering
profile SysML.

Thanks!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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Intel Macs, FreeBSD, and drivers

[Gayn Winters]

The consensus of the group is that FreeBSD should run fine on an Intel
Mac.  I'm interested in the time lag between the availability of drivers
on an Intel Mac and on FreeBSD.

Question1:  If there is a driver for a device that works on an Intel Mac
(under OS X), will that driver work under FreeBSD?  For example, suppose
a very new Intel Mac has a new disk controller, is there some process by
which we can get its driver into FreeBSD?  E.g. via a download from
either Apple or the chip set vendor?

Question2:  Can we expect the volume of Intel Macs to improve (shorten)
the time delay between the existence of new hardware and the
availability of supporting drivers on FreeBSD?

Thanks,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Installing Free over linux

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Aguiar Magalhaes
> Sent: Tuesday, April 18, 2006 1:00 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Installing Free over linux

> Hi list,
> 
> I'm trying to install the FreeBSD 6.0 where exist a
> old linux (It will be full replaced)
> 
> I'm receiving a error message about de swap slice:
> 
> Unable to find device node for /dev/ad0s1b in /dev!
> The creation of filesystem will be aborted
> 
> How can I fix it ?
> 
> Aguiar 

First, welcome to FreeBSD.  

It sounds like you didn't allocate a swap partition during the
installation when you were asked to allocate partitions on ad0s1.   If
you don't take the defaults, then you must allocate swap space
explicitly.  This should be done on partition b, i.e. on ad0s1b.

I suggest you do your first install taking all of the defaults.  If you
choose a "minimal installation" it will go very quickly.  After you get
one installation variant of FreeBSD running, you can experiment with
alternate variants of the partitioning of ad0s1.  Check each
installation with

#disklabel ad0s1

Each variant will require a swap partition.  

The Handbook and FAQs are excellent and should be your primary
references for awhile. There is a link to each on www.freebsd.org. Don't
be afraid to click the Newbies button; it will lead you to many fine web
sites with tutorials.  A couple days ago someone recommended
http://www.a1poweruser.com/ which looked good enough to me to bookmark.
If you have a lot of Linux experience, it is a good site.

Best of luck,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 



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RE: Unable to start MySQL

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Gerard Seibert
> Sent: Thursday, April 13, 2006 3:35 PM
> To: Freebsd Questions
> Subject: Unable to start MySQL

> I am unable to get the latest version of MySQL 5.1.7 running 
> under FreeBSD 
> 6.1 
> beta4.
> 
> This is the output from the .err file.
> 
> 
> 060409 20:06:04  mysqld started
> ^G/usr/local/libexec/mysqld: Can't find file: 
> './mysql/general_log.frm' 
> (errno: 13)
> 060409 20:06:05  InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file 
> operation.
> InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to
> InnoDB: the directory.
> InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1
> InnoDB: File operation call: 'create'.
> InnoDB: Cannot continue operation.
> 060409 20:06:05  mysqld ended
> 
> 
> I have Googled for an answer, and found a few, but none of 
> them work. I 
> finally completely deleted MySQL including removing the /var/db/mysql 
> directory and then reinstalled the entire package, but 
> without success.
> 
> Has anybody else encountered this problem and found a solution to it?
> 
> Thanks!
> 
> -- 
> Gerard Seibert

It looks like user mysql can't access that directory.  Double check
setup, ownership, access bits, etc. The installation instructions are
well tested to be sure.  Post details on access rights if you're still
stuck.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Wanted: Flash player for ....

[Gayn Winters]

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Svein Halvor Halvorsen
> Sent: Thursday, April 13, 2006 11:17 AM
> To: Bob Johnson
> Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; 
> freebsd-questions@freebsd.org; Kris Kennaway
> Subject: Re: Wanted: Flash player for 
> 
> 
> On 4/13/06, Bob Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > I think that if only one person questions this, their 
> response will be
> > that there aren't enough FreeBSD users to worry about.  If several
> > question it (politely), it might get a little attention somewhere
> > above the front-line customer service level.
> >
> > Anyway, the answer I got is not highly enlightening.  The most
> > significant paragraph (I think):
> >
> >Please note that it is your option whether to install 
> Flash Player
> >on your FreeBSD; however, please note that we cannot provide
> >you with any technical support, warranties or remedies for the
> >software, although it is clearly stated on the End User License
> >Agreement, the only authorized operating systems where you
> >may download and install Flash Player.
> >
> > I'm pretty sure they are telling me that is up to me 
> whether or not I
> > break the law. I already knew that.
> 
> When I emailed them about this, I was first told that FreeBSD was not
> tested and therefor not supported. But when I clarified my question,
> stating that the issue is a legal one, not a technical one, they told
> me thet the EULA must be respected. (What else could they have said?).
> 
> They were understanding, though, and asked me to file a feature
> request for the Flash team, to support FreeBSD, which I did.
> 

After reading the Adobe licensing FAQs
http://www.macromedia.com/licensing/distribution/faq/
It seems to me that the proper route would be via a special license
request rather than a feature request.  This would probably get to
someone in their legal department who could decide if a change in the
EULA is easier that a special FreeBSD license (which would have to get
distributed with the port or package.)  On the cited page there is a
link to a form for such special license requests.  I don't know who the
right person within the FreeBSD community is to make such a request

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Which BSD - Flash Drive

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Malcolm Fitzgerald
> Sent: Thursday, April 06, 2006 8:28 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG
> Subject: Re: Which BSD - Flash Drive
> 
 
> On 07/04/2006, at 12:53 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> 
> > At 07:40 PM 4/6/2006, Malcolm Fitzgerald wrote:
>  I would like to run a BSD distribution off a 1GB USB 
> Flash drive...
> >>> That's possible.  You do understand that flash drives 
> only have very 
> >>> limited # of write cycles before they fail, and should be 
> operated 
> >>> in read-only mode most of the time?
> >> I've only heard that on this list.
> >
> > I've read it on some linux lists too.  Apparently there is 
> some truth 
> > to it.  It's supposedly not so bad that it's gonna fail in 
> a week  
> > but don't put a swap slice on a flash device.
> 
> 100,000 write cycles was the estimate
> 
> > Also, Crucial / Micron (memory manufacturers) address it in 
> their FAQ 
> > at www.crucial.com and state that it is a real concern, but 
> if you buy 
> > their flash devices, they are covered by their lifetime 
> warranty, even 
> > if such a failure should occur.
> 
> do you have a link - I couldn't find it
> 
> Malcolm


http://www.crucial.com/kb/answer.asp?qid=4088

Where they rate their own flash at 1,000,000 read/write cycles.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: FreeBSD stickers

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Ashley Moran
> Sent: Wednesday, April 05, 2006 2:14 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: FreeBSD stickers
> Anyone know if I can get FreeBSD stickers in the UK?  I just 
> bought 6-RELEASE 
> on CD from freebsdmall.com and you don't get any in the box.  
> If I'd know I 
> would have spent $0.50 on a set.  How they can give you 
> useless things like 
> binary packages and omit such a critical part of a server 
> installation is beyond me.
> 
> Cheers
> Ashley

My first thought was to buy some blank sticker paper and print your own,
but I realized that I didn't know any FreeBSD software that would map a
.jpg to the stickers on a blank sheet of, say, Avery stock.  Maybe
someone knows of a port for this...

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: How to recover /usr and /home directory

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Edwin D. Vinas
> Sent: Sunday, April 02, 2006 10:43 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: How to recover /usr and /home directory
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I have a previous 40GB HDD which crashed during power outage 
> and now no
> longer repairable. Before I installed a new HDD, I can still see the
> contents of that defective hard disk when booting from a 
> single user mode.
> Now, I set it up as slave and installed a new FreeBSD on the 
> new master HDD.
> But then, when I mounted the old hard disk, I can no longer 
> see any content
> in my /usr and /home directories. These directories are the 
> ones with "hard
> error reading" blocks which made FreeBSD not to continue 
> booting due to
> unending and irrepariable fsck commands on this filesystem. 
> All my website
> files and programs are on that old HDD especially in the /usr 
> directory.
> Does the new setup master/slave have somehow caused those 
> files hidden? How
> do I mount even the fragmented blocks? Any suggestion on how 
> I can recover
> my files? Why is FreeBSD so susceptible to fragmentations 
> when suddenly
> turned off or when there is a power outage?
> 
> This is what I don't like with FreeBSD; it does not care too 
> much on data!
> Even the fsck doesn't tell you that the hard disk is no 
> longer usable as it
> will still prompt you to do fsck over and over again. And 
> now, my /usr and
> /home suddenly disappeared when mounted. I can still see these two
> directories last week but now it seems they're gone.
> 
> 
> Thanks.
> Edwin

I assume your old /usr and /home are (or were) partitions.  Check
/etc/fstab and your disklabels for accuracy now.  If bsdlabel can't find
the partitions on your old disk, then you can try using
/usr/ports/sysutils/scan_ffs to rebuild your disklabels if necessary.
You'll then need to rerun fsck to see what you can salvage.

Regarding fsck itself, I suppose one could add intelligence for fsck to
issue ever increasingly stern and obnoxious warnings to backup your data
...  

Good luck on your recovery effort,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Hard Disk problems

[Gayn Winters]

> You'll probably want to
> reread the section in the Handbook on Moving to a Larger Disk, since
> this is a good time to rethink the sizes of your partitions.

Sorry, this info is in FAQs 9.1 and 9.2 not in the Handbook.
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/disks.html

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Hard Disk problems

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Shane Ambler
> Sent: Saturday, April 01, 2006 3:10 AM
> To: FreeBSD Mailing Lists
> Subject: Hard Disk problems
> 
> 
> A few days ago I started getting some disk errors and can't 
> seem to find a
> reference to find a way to fix them (other than the obvious re-format)
> 
> 
> The daily security run output contains the following (abbreviated)
> 
> Checking setuid files and devices:
> find: /usr/ports/databases/db43/work/db-4.3.28/db: Input/output error
> find: /usr/ports/devel/git/Makefile: Input/output error
> 
> ~ repeated 32 times for different files (thankfully all in 
> the ports tree)
> 
> tower.home.com kernel log messages:
> > ad0: FAILURE - READ_DMA status=51
> error=40 LBA=139102367
> > ad0: FAILURE - READ_DMA status=51
> error=1 LBA=139102367
> 
> These 2 error codes are repeated a total of 38 times all with 
> the same LBA
> 
> If I start in single user mode and do fsck it takes about 
> half an hour to
> get through and repeats similar errors many times for just 
> about every check
> it does.
> 
> Running #fsck -y >> fsckout (while in multiuser mode) is as follows -
> followed by dmesg output since boot
> 
> > cat fsckout 
> ** /dev/ad0s1a (NO WRITE)
> ** Last Mounted on /
> ** Root file system
> ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
> ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
> ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
> ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
> ** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
> 2259 files, 44188 used, 82651 free (251 frags, 10300 blocks, 0.2%
> fragmentation)
> ** /dev/ad0s1e (NO WRITE)
> ** Last Mounted on /tmp
> ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
> ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
> ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
> ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
> ** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
> 591 files, 4501 used, 122338 free (242 frags, 15262 blocks, 0.2%
> fragmentation)
> ** /dev/ad0s1f (NO WRITE)
> ** Last Mounted on /usr
> ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
> 
> CANNOT READ BLK: 135486944
> UNEXPECTED SOFT UPDATE INCONSISTENCY
> 
> CONTINUE? yes
> 
> THE FOLLOWING DISK SECTORS COULD NOT BE READ: 135486944, 135486945,
> 135486946, 135486947, 135486948, 135486949, 135486950, 
> 135486951, 135486952,
> 135486953, 135486954, 135486955, 135486956, 135486957, 
> 135486958, 135486959,
> 135486960, 135486961, 135486962, 135486963, 135486964, 
> 135486965, 135486966,
> 135486967, 135486968, 135486969, 135486970,
> ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
> UNALLOCATED  I=5049385  OWNER=squid MODE=100600
> SIZE=15032 MTIME=Apr  1 21:07 2006
> FILE=/local/squid/cache/00/26/26C2
> 
> UNEXPECTED SOFT UPDATE INCONSISTENCY
> 
> REMOVE? no
> 
> UNALLOCATED  I=5049875  OWNER=squid MODE=100600
> SIZE=10825 MTIME=Apr  1 21:07 2006
> FILE=/local/squid/cache/00/26/26CA
> 
> UNEXPECTED SOFT UPDATE INCONSISTENCY
> 
> REMOVE? no
> 
> UNALLOCATED  I=5049896  OWNER=squid MODE=100600
> SIZE=15008 MTIME=Apr  1 21:07 2006
> FILE=/local/squid/cache/00/26/26D1
> 
> UNEXPECTED SOFT UPDATE INCONSISTENCY
> 
> REMOVE? no
> 
> ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
> ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
> LINK COUNT FILE I=5740857  OWNER=squid MODE=0
> SIZE=0 MTIME=Apr  1 21:09 2006  COUNT 0 SHOULD BE -1
> ADJUST? no
> 
> LINK COUNT FILE I=5792561  OWNER=squid MODE=0
> SIZE=0 MTIME=Apr  1 21:07 2006  COUNT 0 SHOULD BE -1
> ADJUST? no
> 
> LINK COUNT FILE I=5875155  OWNER=squid MODE=0
> SIZE=0 MTIME=Apr  1 21:09 2006  COUNT 0 SHOULD BE -1
> ADJUST? no
> 
> LINK COUNT FILE I=5970461  OWNER=squid MODE=0
> SIZE=0 MTIME=Apr  1 21:09 2006  COUNT 0 SHOULD BE -1
> ADJUST? no
> 
> ** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
> SUMMARY INFORMATION BAD
> SALVAGE? no
> 
> ALLOCATED FRAGS 1936880-1936911 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FRAGS 1936976-1936983 MARKED FREE
> BLK(S) MISSING IN BIT MAPS
> SALVAGE? no
> 
> ALLOCATED FILE 5740857 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FRAG 22922007 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FILE 5792561 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FILE 5856663 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FILE 5875155 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FRAG 23448111 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FILE 5970461 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FRAG 23889647 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FILE 6077762 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FRAG 24353503 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FRAGS 26021808-26021813 MARKED FREE
> ALLOCATED FRAGS 26301688-26301690 MARKED FREE
> 1534559 files, 15746410 used, 21222026 free (2172530 frags, 
> 2381187 blocks,
> 5.9% fragmentation)
> ** /dev/ad0s1d (NO WRITE)
> ** Last Mounted on /var
> ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
> ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
> ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
> ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
> UNREF FILE I=8278  OWNER=mysql MODE=100600
> SIZE=0 MTIME=Apr  1 19:13 2006
> CLEAR? no
> 
> UNREF FILE I=8301  OWNER=mysql MODE=100600
> SIZE=0 MTIME=Apr  1 19:13 2006
> CLEAR? no
> 
> UNREF FILE I=8306  OWNER=mysql MODE=100600
> SIZE=0 MTIME=Apr  1 19:13 2006
> CLEAR? no
> 
> UNREF FILE I=25696  OWNER=root MODE=140666
> SIZE=0 MTIME=Apr  1 19:13 2006
> CLEAR? no
> 
> ** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
> 3681 files, 59732 used, 67107 free (1275 frags, 8229 blocks, 1.0%
> fragmentatio

RE: Urgent FreeBSD Boot question!

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Benjamin Sher
> Sent: Monday, March 20, 2006 1:21 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Urgent FreeBSD Boot question!
> 
> 
> Dear friends:
> 
> I decided to go out and buy the latest issue of Linux Format with the 
> FreeBSD 6 CD. I am very glad I did. FreeBSD is tough to install, but 
> after spending several hours I finally succeeded in doing a perfect 
> installation. ONE BIG PROBLEM: When I removed the CD and 
> rebooted, I got 
> into my Windows XP (I have two separate disks, one for 
> Windows, one of 
> FreeBSD). There was no way to get into FreeBSD. Naturally, I 
> went into 
> my BIOS and changed the boot sequence from CD to Hard Drive. 
> That only 
> caused my system to boot into Windows XP.
> 
> I read the instructions about the FreeBSD Boot Manager. It 
> said clearly 
> that it should allow switching from one OS to another. But I 
> did not see 
> any configuration for that. How, may I ask, do I do this while 
> installing FreeBSD? How do I change this configuration to 
> guarantee that 
> all my work won't go down the toilet and that when I reboot, 
> I will see 
> Lilo or whatever as a boot manager that will allow me to 
> select either 
> FreeBSD or Windows?
> 
> I am looking forward to solving this and then to actually 
> seeing FreeBSD 
> for the first time.
> 
> Thank you so much in advance.
> 
> Benjamin

Welcome to FreeBSD!

Well, all is not lost. There are a couple possible errors you could have
made, but since XP is booting, my guess is that you installed FreeBSD
correctly on ad1 and you (hopefully) put the FreeBSD boot loader onto
the MBR of that disk.  If so, you have a couple options:

1.  Use the NT boot loader (see
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/disks.html#NT-BOOTL
OADER ) on ad0.
2.  Install the FreeBSD boot loader on ad0.  To do this, boot the
FreeBSD install CD again and choose FixIt mode.  Get a shell going.  Use
boot0cfg to install the loader.  Check the syntax in the man pages
(http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi), but I think it is:
#boot0cfg -Bv -d 0x80 -m 0x1 -s 5 ad0

If somehow you failed to get the FreeBSD boot loader onto ad1, then
you'll have to use boot0cfg to fix that.  Its syntax will be something
like:
#boot0cfg -Bv -d 0x81 -m 0x1 -s 1 ad1

You do have a backup of your XP disk, don't you?  Errors using boot0cfg
can cause your system to be quite messed up!  Double check your
syntax!!!

Good luck!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Snapshots - can we use is for cloning disk(full restore to a newhard disk)

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Iantcho Vassilev
> Sent: Tuesday, February 28, 2006 2:46 AM
> To: FreeBSD Questions
> Subject: Snapshots - can we use is for cloning disk(full 
> restore to a newhard disk)

> Guys, i searched the web and the mailing lists about this 
> topic,but i really didn`t find any interesting thing..
> Can i use the snapshots for full restore and if yes how can 
> we do that?
> 
> The part that everyone is referring to the snapshots is the 
> fcsk you can run
> on it while the filesystem is working also..

You ought to be able to clone a partition from a snapshot via backup
(from the snapshot) | restore (to another disk).  Doing this for every
partition should clone the FreeBSD system as of the snapshot.  I've
never tried it, however, and I'd be interested in hearing from someone
who has done it successfully.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Problem with Samba after upgrade

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Gerard Seibert
> Sent: Sunday, February 26, 2006 2:27 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Problem with Samba after upgrade
> 
> 
> I just updated to the newest version of Samba (3.0.21b,1). The old
> version was working fine, but since there were a number of 
> ports that I
> had that were out dated, I simply updated them all.
> 
> The problem is that Samba does not appear to be working 
> correctly now. I
> can access the FreeBSED machine from any of the WinXP machines without
> incident. However, the reverse is not true. I have tried running the
> following command which produces this output:
> 
> smbclient -L boss -U username%password
> timeout connecting to 192.158.0.4:445
> timeout connecting to 192.158.0.4:139
> Error connecting to 192.158.0.4 (Operation already in progress)
> Connection to boss failed
> 
> Absolutely nothing has changed other than the updating of Samba and a
> few other ports -- mostly KDE. The WinXP machines are untouched. There
> is no new firewall involved, etc.
> 
> I posted this on the Samba list, but did not receive any response.
> Perhaps someone here might have an idea.

Well it looks like the personal firewall on boss got turned on.

You might check your system logs on boss to see if anything has changed
behind your back.  XP tends to do this if you leave it on ... Check All
Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> System Information -> View ->
System History.

Can your other XP machines access boss?  Try Run -> \\boss from another
XP machine to check.

Can smbclient access your samba server?  I.e. can it access itself?  Try
smbclient //FreeBSDname/sharename to check or try smbclient -L
//FreeBSDname to check.

You can set the debug level (-d) to 1 or 2 and see what you get.

You can also reapply the port upgrade if you think there might have been
an upgrade error.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Samba Problem

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Warren Liddell
> Sent: Saturday, February 11, 2006 12:41 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Samba Problem
> 
> 
> On Saturday 11 February 2006 12:33, Duane Whitty wrote:
> > Warren Liddell wrote:
> > > When i try logging onto the FreeBSD machine from windows 
> via samba, upon
> > > entering the username/pswd windows Automatically adds: 
> fred/shinjii
> > >
> > > All i want it to have is just shinjii .. what am i 
> missing and where do i
> > > go to fix this ?
> -
> > Hi,
> >
> > It might help if you could send a copy of your
> > samba configuration file, usually it is located at
> > /usr/local/etc/smb.conf
> >
> > This is where I would start looking for problems.
> >   Also read the smb.conf.default file as it gives
> > good examples as a starting point.
> 
> Attached is conf file
> 
1.  Check workstation is in the same workgroup
2.  When you define your network path in Windows, make sure you use the
"connect using a different user name" dialog box.
3.  Make sure the password you use in (2) is the same as your samba
password.
4.  Note Windows will encrypt passwords by default.  If this isn't
working for you, you'll have to turn it off in the registry.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Using dd to Make a Clone of a Drive

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Martin McCormick
> Sent: Thursday, February 09, 2006 12:36 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Using dd to Make a Clone of a Drive
> 
> 
>   After installing FreeBSD5.4, the ISC dhcp server and ISC bind
> on a hard drive, I wanted to clone that drive to a second drive so as
> to generate a second server, using what I had already installed as a
> template.  I used the following command:
> 
> dd if=/dev/da0 of=/dev/da1 bs=512
> 
>   It turns out that dd defaults to 512-byte blocks so I didn't
> really need the bs=512, but I am not sure I haven't made some other
> type of mistake.  The dd command has been running for about 4 hours on
> a very fast system, with a 1-gig processor, 1 gig of RAM and two 31-GB
> drives.  One would think it should have finished by now, but it is
> still running.  Is this a valid method of copying the entire contents
> of one drive to another?  Thank you.

At this point, let it run.  There was a discussion last month on the
hackers distribution list on "increasing dd disk to disk transfer rate";
it discussed larger block size, piping (dd if=... | dd of=...), and
disk_recover.  It is also possible to create your own distribution disk,
which may be appealing if you do a lot of cloning.  Finally, there is
always backup|restore.  As for speed, dd will probably be last in a
race, especially with large, mostly empty, disks.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: fine grained firewall?

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Chuck Swiger
> Sent: Thursday, February 09, 2006 4:30 AM
> To: andrew clarke
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: fine grained firewall?
> 
> 
> andrew clarke wrote:
> > Is it possible to configure the FreeBSD firewall to block ports on a
> > per-user or per-executable basis?
> > 
> > eg.
> > 
> > - Block /usr/local/bin/irc from connecting to TCP port 6667
> > 
> > - Block user 'johnsmith' from connecting to TCP port 21
> 
> Yes to users (if the connections originate from the firewall 
> box), no to
> per-executables.  The latter seems useless when "cp irc 
> myirc" is all it would
> take to defeat it.  Frankly, neither option is very useful or 
> would be needed for a good ruleset...

You can block certain types of use, e.g. block irc, by blocking the
outbound ports they use.  You can block user access to some things on
the internet by only allowing a proxy server such access and then having
users authenticate themselves to the proxy server (squid is an example
with a lot of functionality, and it runs on FreeBSD.)  

A lot of people like to block all but a list of applications access to
the Internet. This blocking function is often bundled with Anti-spyware
programs. The thought is that something not on the list might well be
new spyware or other "malware" that has snuck through your security
defenses. These programs need to run on the local workstation, and I
don't know of any for FreeBSD.  While this feature is a pain to manage,
it is probably here to stay as the anti-virus vendors gobble up the
anti-spyware vendors who seem to like it.  Also, don't be surprised if
Microsoft eventually puts this functionality into their base OS.

A lot of firewall vendors are adding non-traditional functionality to
their products. (Anti-virus, anti-spam, proxy server functionality,
outbound policy controls, ...) You can do this with your FreeBSD
firewall as well.  This has the disadvantages of complexity, management,
and performance problems.  

Good luck with your firewall,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: need some advice on our cisco routers..

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Chuck Swiger
> Sent: Thursday, February 09, 2006 4:41 AM
> To: Mark Jayson Alvarez
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: need some advice on our cisco routers..
> 
> 
> Mark Jayson Alvarez wrote:
> >> We have a couple of cisco routers. There was one time when 
> suddenly we cannot 
> > login remotely via telnet. I investigate further and was 
> shocked when I found
> > out that there where 16 telnet connections coming from 
> outsiders ip addresses. I
> > immediately called our Director(the only cisco certified 
> guy in the office) and
> > he begin kicking each of the telnet connections one by one. 
> He then replaced
> > every "secret/password" and deleted all unnecessary local 
> accounts. However,
> > we're still wondering how those hackers got into the 
> system. Now this cisco's
> > aaa is default to a radius server. Since then, outsiders 
> have gone away..
> > Perhaps the hackers got one of the router's local accounts, 
> and trying to brute
> > force their way to enable mode.
> 
> Did you keep careful logs of who was connecting from where so 
> someone could
> start tracking things down?  Have you contacted your local 
> police and FBI, or
> whatever the local equivalent is?  (Don't bother unless you 
> can claim more than
> $2000 or so in damages, however.)

The last I looked the limit was $5000 for the FBI to accept a complaint;
however, due to manpower limitations, a more realistic limit is well
over $100,000 (aggregate damage for one attacker, multiple victims) for
them even to pay attention. Dealing with the FBI is better these days -
they have some good people now.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 



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RE: High performance computing on FreeBSD

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of O. Hartmann
> Sent: Monday, February 06, 2006 7:50 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: High performance computing on FreeBSD
> 
> FreeBSd is now since 1996 my companion in scientific computing and 
> related server systems and also my favorite operating system 
> for every network stuff, firewalls and desktop systems I ever used.
> 
> Now going ahaed with 64Bit, FreeBSD 6.X has been canceled for desktop 
> systems due to the lack of a working JAVA in native 64Bit and 
> especially a working native 64 Bit OpenOffice environment.
> 
> Nevertheless, the experience of our group and especially of mine with 
> several flavours of Linux, used at our computer center and 
> its network performance and stability in comparison to FreeBSD's over
the 
> same time period let me tend to ask for a FreeBSD based high 
> performance computer cluster more than such one founded on a Linux
> distribution. But there are some open issues and those need 
> to be discussed deeper.
> 
> First targets SMP/Node performance. I was very curious about 
> SCHED_ULE when introduced in FreeBSD 5.X and was said to deliver a
performance 
> boost on SMP boxes. I'm still waiting for that to come true, 
> every SMP scaling benchmark that has been taken in our computer center

> said Linux has the better SMP performance (on the same Opteron
hardware, 
> but I do not have specific details about that, sorry).
> Next point is the intercommunication of nodes. Infiniband or with 
> special Hypertransport coupplings nodes will be able to 
> communicate very fast. GBit LAN will be the least option, so the
question is whether 
> plans for or ready solutions for the node connections are underway.
> The last question refers to Fortran. Well, most of our 
> scientists still work with Fortran77 or Fortran90/95 and it is hard to
bring 
> them towards C/C++, so the existence of good Fotran compiler will be 
> essential. GCC 4.1/4.2 isn't standard in FreeBSD 6.X but many of other
FreeBSD users 
> told me they use the port's gcc 4.X very successful. But I 
> feel better when the new GNU compiler collection will be the standard
for 
> FreeBSD. This may sound weird for some of yours, but I like the ease 
> of upgrading software in FreeBSD which has reached a very, very high
standard over 
> the past 10 years (and it isn't comparable to jarsh  weirdness I 
> experienced with Linux, Solaris or Windows). So, utilizing standard 
> ports and the base compiler collection gives a very stable and high 
> quality platform - in my opinion.
> 
> All right, this above mentioned fundamentals should be the 
> basis for a small cluster system for numerical research.
> I still looking for benchmark tests, pro and contra regarding 
> BSD/Linux (except the existence of better compiler software for Linux)
and the 
> state of development of high performance node interconnect and 
> designated driver software.
> 
> Target hardware will be a four or six node Opteron/Athlon64 platform 
> with dual socket/dual core chips, with 4 or 8 GB local RAM and 200 GB 
> local SATA disk drives, but main disk array will be RAID 
> system attached via GBit LAN or, if possible, faster. The big question
will remain in 
> how the nodes should be interconnected and what kind of OS 
> will be able to handle a specific interconnect (HTX/Infiniband).
> 
> In the case my questions are to unspecific or naiv, please excuse
that.
> 
> Oliver

It would seem to me that such a project wouldn't be too hard, but it
would take time, equipment, and expertise.  If your center works with
several other like-thinking centers then you could probably pool some
combination of money, equipment and donated labor to such a project.  If
you had these resources lined up, my guess is that might get some
additional help from one or more of the technical mailing lists 
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.htm
l#ERESOURCES-MAIL
For example, hackers, amd64, or ia64.

It would be really nice to have FreeBSD be the unquestioned leader in
high performance computing.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: error starting samba

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Vasile C
> Sent: Sunday, February 05, 2006 12:51 PM
> To: FreeBSD Questions List
> Subject: error starting samba
> 
> I was using samba for some time .. but today I noticed that 
> it didn`t start so 
> when I tried to start it I got this error .Any ideas ?
> 
> euclid# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba.sh start
> Starting SAMBA: removing stale tdbs :
> Starting nmbd.
> /libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libintl.so.6" not found, 
> required by 
> "libpopt.so.0"
> Starting smbd.
> /libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libintl.so.6" not found, 
> required by 
> "libpopt.so.0"
> 
> 
> euclid# uname -a
> FreeBSD euclid 6.0-STABLE FreeBSD 6.0-STABLE #0: Sun Jan 29 
> 20:58:55 EET 2006 
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/EUCLID  i386

Since you just updated your system, maybe the following are relevant:
http://www.nabble.com/Problem-with-Samba3-startup-t821059.html#a2129790
http://forum.psoft.net/showthread.php?p=55300

You may need to update your samba port. It looks like your objects are
out of synch.  Did you update something else?  I'd suggest:
1. backup
2. fsck
3. check hard disk
4. update ALL ports and packages.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Natively supported inexpensive RAID cards

[Gayn Winters]

> From: Mike Loiterman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Saturday, February 04, 2006 9:54 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: RE: Natively supported inexpensive RAID cards
> 
> 
> Gayn Winters <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Mike
> >> Loiterman Sent: Friday, February 03, 2006 11:57 PM
> >> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> >> Subject: Natively supported inexpensive RAID cards
> >> 
> >> 
> >> I'm looking to setup a 4 drive SATA RAID 5 file server for 
> >> mp3, avi, and other media using 6.0-RELEASE.
> >> 
> >> It appears that the supported SATA RAID cards listed in
> >> /stand/help/HARDWARE.TXT are all over $400.00.  That's hard for to
> >> justify for this application, unless there are no other choices.
> >> 
> >> I'd like to keep this simple, so if the price for that is $450
> >> bucks, well, I guess I'll have to deal with that.  But, I 
> figured it
> >> wouldn't hurt to ask if are there any well supported SATA 
> RAID cards
> >> (meaning setup automatically recognizes an array setup in the RAID
> >> card's BIOS as one drive) in the $100 to $200 range.  I don't need
> >> anything other than 5, but other levels would be nice for future
> >> use.  Even better would be a motherboard with onboard RAID that
> >> FreeBSD supported natively. 
> >> 
> >> If there aren't any such cards or motherboards, are there 
> relatively
> >> easy work-arounds using less expensive cards?
> > 
> > Have you considered software RAID5?
> > 
> > -gayn

> I have, and I use it for a RAID 1 server I'm running now.
> 
> For this application I think hardware makes it more sense.  
> My gut feel is
> that it will probably be faster, for RAID 5, to do it in 
> hardware.  Am I wrong? 

This is a frequent topic here.  Time to Google!  The bottom line advice
is always the following:  match your system to what you will use it for.

Given you are willing to buy a motherboard, you've got the maximum
number of "knobs" to adjust.  You also seem to have a cost constraint,
which usually favors putting money into the base system (processor,
memory, on-board components) rather than into a RAID card.  For example,
I've seen arguments for and against say $400 into a RAID card AND $400
into a base system.  Keeping in mind that few applications are processor
limited, based on the little data you have provided on what all you are
going to use the system for other than for storing mp3, avi, and other
media, I'd lean toward software RAID and putting whatever extra money
you have into the base system.  You'll also need to play around with
things like 4 sata ports on the mboard (easy to find now) being used as
4 striped with no redundancy, 2+2 mirrored, 1 for the system and 3 in a
software RAID5, 4 in a software RAID5, and a cheap IDE drive for the
system, etc., etc.  You also have tunefs, etc.  Also, someone might know
of RAID5 on the mboard.  My recent boards only have RAID 0, 1, and 10.

Keep us posted on your analysis!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Natively supported inexpensive RAID cards

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Mike Loiterman
> Sent: Friday, February 03, 2006 11:57 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Natively supported inexpensive RAID cards
> 
> 
> I'm looking to setup a 4 drive SATA RAID 5 file server for 
> mp3, avi, and
> other media using 6.0-RELEASE.
> 
> It appears that the supported SATA RAID cards listed in
> /stand/help/HARDWARE.TXT are all over $400.00.  That's hard 
> for to justify
> for this application, unless there are no other choices.  
> 
> I'd like to keep this simple, so if the price for that is 
> $450 bucks, well,
> I guess I'll have to deal with that.  But, I figured it 
> wouldn't hurt to ask
> if are there any well supported SATA RAID cards (meaning 
> setup automatically
> recognizes an array setup in the RAID card's BIOS as one 
> drive) in the $100
> to $200 range.  I don't need anything other than 5, but other 
> levels would
> be nice for future use.  Even better would be a motherboard 
> with onboard
> RAID that FreeBSD supported natively.
> 
> If there aren't any such cards or motherboards, are there 
> relatively easy
> work-arounds using less expensive cards?

Have you considered software RAID5?

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Dumping /usr to samba mounted drive

[Gayn Winters]

> From: Mike Loiterman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Friday, February 03, 2006 9:09 PM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: RE: Dumping /usr to samba mounted drive
> 
> 
> Gayn Winters <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >> From: Mike Loiterman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >> Sent: Friday, February 03, 2006 12:46 PM
> >> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> >> Subject: RE: Dumping /usr to samba mounted drive
> >> 
> >> 
> >> Gayn Winters <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >>>> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Mike
> >>>> Loiterman Sent: Friday, February 03, 2006 6:05 AM
> >>>> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> >>>> Subject: RE: Dumping /usr to samba mounted drive
> >>>> 
> >>>> 
> >>>> Mike Loiterman <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >>>>> I'm having trouble dumping /usr to a samba mounted drive.
> >>>>> The process dies over processing 4 gigs worth of data.
> >>>>> 
> >>>>> My other partitions dump fine, but they're all less than 4 gigs.
> >>>>> 
> >>>>> This is the error I'm getting:
> >>>>> 
> >>>>> DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Feb  3 03:31:05 2006
> >>>>>DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch
> >>>>>DUMP: Dumping snapshot of /dev/ar0s1f (/usr) to
> >>>>> /mnt/backup/usr-dump-l0
> >>>>>DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
> >>>>>DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
> >>>>>DUMP: estimated 10943850 tape blocks.
> >>>>>DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
> >>>>>DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
> >>>>>DUMP: 6.73% done, finished in 1:09 at Fri Feb  3 
> 04:45:29 2006
> >>>>>DUMP: 14.92% done, finished in 0:57 at Fri Feb  3 
> 04:38:12 2006
> >>>>>DUMP: 22.98% done, finished in 0:50 at Fri Feb  3 
> 04:36:27 2006
> >>>>>DUMP: 31.37% done, finished in 0:43 at Fri Feb  3 
> 04:34:56 2006
> >>>>>DUMP: write error 4194320 blocks into volume 1
> >>>>> 
> >>>>> The same thing happens, although I get different errors, if I
> >>>>> use bzip2 or gunzip to compress the partition as it is being
> >>>>> dumped.  It obviously gets a lot further since it's
> >>>>> compressed, but it still dies right around 4 gigs.
> >>>>> 
> >>>>> How can I fix this?  Is this a samba limitation?
> >>> 
> >>>> 
> >>>> BTW, I'm running:
> >>>> 
> >>>> FreeBSD 6.0-RELEASE
> >>>> Samba 2.2.12_2
> >>>> 
> >>>> And transfering to unix formated drived mounted under Mac OS X
> >>>> 10.4.4.
> >>>> 
> >>>> Would upgrading to Samba 3.x help?
> >>>> 
> >>>> --
> >>>> Mike Loiterman
> >>> 
> >>> Have you tried generating a file of size > 4GB on your mac mini?
> >>> 
> >>> 
> >> http://www.freebsdforums.org/forums/showthread>
> >> .php?p=203909#post203909 
> >> 
> >> Changing the format of the drive to Mac OS Extended fixed the
> >> problem.  UFS has a 4 gig file size limit.
> >> 
> > Mike,
> > 
> > I'm glad you got it working.  What was Apple ever thinking 
> with a 4GB
> > limit? 
> > 
> > -gayn
> 
> Did Apple develop the UFS spec or just implement it? 
> 
Mike,

I think our very own M.K. McKusick is credited with inventing UFS for
BSD 4.something.  I'm sure others on this list know the history better
than I do.  In particular, I don't know the historical difference
between FFS, UFS and UFS1.  [If one of you history buffs can elucidate,
please do so!] In any case, it looks like Apple chose an implementation
at the low end of the range of possible implementations.  Here is a
chart that I find useful:
http://www.mrsci.com/Computer-File-Systems/Comparison_of_file_systems.ph
p
Note the range of possible maximum file sizes on UFS1.  Also note the
4GB limit on FFS.  History aside, a 4GB limit for any modern file system
seems somewhat backward, especially for an avant garde company like
Apple.  Maybe they got carried away with the "mini" in "Mac mini"!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Dumping /usr to samba mounted drive

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Gayn Winters
> Sent: Friday, February 03, 2006 7:16 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: RE: Dumping /usr to samba mounted drive
> 
> 
> > [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> > Mike Loiterman
> > Sent: Friday, February 03, 2006 6:05 AM
> > To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> > Subject: RE: Dumping /usr to samba mounted drive
> > 
> > 
> > Mike Loiterman <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > > I'm having trouble dumping /usr to a samba mounted drive.
> > > The process dies over processing 4 gigs worth of data.
> > > 
> > > My other partitions dump fine, but they're all less than 4 gigs.
> > > 
> > > This is the error I'm getting:
> > > 
> > > DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Feb  3 03:31:05 2006
> > >DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch
> > >DUMP: Dumping snapshot of /dev/ar0s1f (/usr) to
> > > /mnt/backup/usr-dump-l0
> > >DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
> > >DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
> > >DUMP: estimated 10943850 tape blocks.
> > >DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
> > >DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
> > >DUMP: 6.73% done, finished in 1:09 at Fri Feb  3 04:45:29 2006
> > >DUMP: 14.92% done, finished in 0:57 at Fri Feb  3 04:38:12 2006
> > >DUMP: 22.98% done, finished in 0:50 at Fri Feb  3 04:36:27 2006
> > >DUMP: 31.37% done, finished in 0:43 at Fri Feb  3 04:34:56 2006
> > >DUMP: write error 4194320 blocks into volume 1
> > > 
> > > The same thing happens, although I get different errors, if I
> > > use bzip2 or gunzip to compress the partition as it is being
> > > dumped.  It obviously gets a lot further since it's
> > > compressed, but it still dies right around 4 gigs.
> > > 
> > > How can I fix this?  Is this a samba limitation?
> 
> > 
> > BTW, I'm running:
> > 
> > FreeBSD 6.0-RELEASE
> > Samba 2.2.12_2
> > 
> > And transfering to unix formated drived mounted under Mac 
> OS X 10.4.4.
> > 
> > Would upgrading to Samba 3.x help?
> > 
> > --
> > Mike Loiterman
> 
> Have you tried generating a file of size > 4GB on your mac mini?
> 
http://www.freebsdforums.org/forums/showthread.php?p=203909#post203909

And in theory ...

http://docs.info.apple.com/jarticle.html?artnum=25557-en

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 





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RE: Dumping /usr to samba mounted drive

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Mike Loiterman
> Sent: Friday, February 03, 2006 6:05 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: RE: Dumping /usr to samba mounted drive
> 
> 
> Mike Loiterman  wrote:
> > I'm having trouble dumping /usr to a samba mounted drive.
> > The process dies over processing 4 gigs worth of data.
> > 
> > My other partitions dump fine, but they're all less than 4 gigs.
> > 
> > This is the error I'm getting:
> > 
> > DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Feb  3 03:31:05 2006
> >DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch
> >DUMP: Dumping snapshot of /dev/ar0s1f (/usr) to
> > /mnt/backup/usr-dump-l0
> >DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
> >DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
> >DUMP: estimated 10943850 tape blocks.
> >DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
> >DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
> >DUMP: 6.73% done, finished in 1:09 at Fri Feb  3 04:45:29 2006
> >DUMP: 14.92% done, finished in 0:57 at Fri Feb  3 04:38:12 2006
> >DUMP: 22.98% done, finished in 0:50 at Fri Feb  3 04:36:27 2006
> >DUMP: 31.37% done, finished in 0:43 at Fri Feb  3 04:34:56 2006
> >DUMP: write error 4194320 blocks into volume 1
> > 
> > The same thing happens, although I get different errors, if I
> > use bzip2 or gunzip to compress the partition as it is being
> > dumped.  It obviously gets a lot further since it's
> > compressed, but it still dies right around 4 gigs.
> > 
> > How can I fix this?  Is this a samba limitation?

> 
> BTW, I'm running:
> 
> FreeBSD 6.0-RELEASE
> Samba 2.2.12_2
> 
> And transfering to unix formated drived mounted under Mac OS X 10.4.4.
> 
> Would upgrading to Samba 3.x help?
> 
> --
> Mike Loiterman

Have you tried generating a file of size > 4GB on your mac mini?

http://www.freebsdforums.org/forums/showthread.php?p=203909#post203909

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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6.0 Migration Guide?

[Gayn Winters]

Does anyone have a pointer to a FreeBSD 6.0-RELEASE Migration Guide?
Even a draft?  I googled and looked in
http://www.freebsd.org/releases/6.0R/ with no luck.  The 5.4 one is very
nice.

Thanks,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: samba: add mashine script and other

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Playnet
> Sent: Tuesday, January 24, 2006 5:20 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: samba: add mashine script and other
> 
>   Who have subj for LDAP? As i understand, i can use smbldap-tools.
> But which params?
> Who can give part of smb.conf with add... ?
> 
> -- 
> Best regards,
> Playnet  mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]

You are probably best searching samba.org for "LDAP" and searching
openldap.org for "samba".  There are many articles on both sites.  In
particular the official Samba HOWTO document has a nice elementary
chapter on configuring LDAP for samba.  That might be the best place for
you to start.

Good luck!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: securelevel doc?

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Joel Hatton
> Sent: Sunday, January 22, 2006 8:52 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: securelevel doc?
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I may be confused, but istr that man security[7] used to document the
> results of different kernel securelevels; this no longer 
> seems to be the
> case. Is this still documented in the base system without recourse to
> online help? (I'm OK with securelevels, btw, I'd just like to 
> know where
> to point someone to this information)
> 
> cheers,
> 
> -- Joel Hatton --

I'd point to:

man security
man securelevel = man init
man sysctl

in this order.  On my 5.3 system (the oldest I have running) the
securelevels aren't fully explained until man init.  I don't know about
4.x.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Sound driver for Compaq Presario?

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Gerard Seibert
> Sent: Saturday, January 21, 2006 1:09 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Sound driver for Compaq Presario?
> 
> 
> On Sat, 21 Jan 2006 18:58:38 +0100 (CET), Andreas Davour wrote:
> 
> > Hi.
> > 
> > My wife got herself a laptop, and I convinced her that 
> FreeBSD would be 
> > a good operating system to use.
> > 
> > Now, do anyone know what kind of sound driver we should be 
> using? It is 
> > some kind of built-in card. When I tried pciconf it just 
> told me it was 
> > a "generic soundcard".
> > 
> > It says "Presario 2302A" on the box, and Presario 2300 on a 
> ministicker 
> > on the a machine.
> > 
> > I have tried google to no avail.
> > 
> > /andreas
> 
> Have you tried contacting the technical support staff for the PC? They
> should be able to tell you what is installed.

HP's online chat works well.  I got them last weekend, even though they
only advertise M-F support.  They are Windows-centric, however.  Be
careful how you phrase your question!  

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com  


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RE: Help backing up to networked drive

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Mike Loiterman
> Sent: Thursday, January 19, 2006 8:17 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: RE: Help backing up to networked drive
> 
> 
> Mike Loiterman  wrote:
> > I would like to backup my server to a firewire drive
> > connected to a Macintosh Mini. Both machines are on my local
> > network and, of course, behind a secure firewall.
> > 
> > Right now I'm using this script to take backups:
> > 
> > #!/bin/sh
> > 
> >  /sbin/dump -0uanL -f - / | gzip -2 | ssh -c blowfish
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] dd of=/Volumes/Server-Backup/dump-root.gz && \
> >  /sbin/dump -0uanL -f - /tmp | gzip -2 | ssh -c blowfish
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] dd of=/Volumes/Server-Backup/dump-tmp.gz && \
> >  /sbin/dump -0uanL -f - /usr | gzip -2 | ssh -c blowfish
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] dd of=/Volumes/Server-Backup/dump-usr.gz && \
> >  /sbin/dump -0uanL -f - /var | gzip -2 | ssh -c blowfish
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] dd of=/Volumes/Server-Backup/dump-var.gz
> > 
> > This is working fine, but I have to run the script mannually
> > and enter the password.
> > 
> Actually, I take it back.  The original script doesn't work.
> 
> dd gives an error when I try to backup /usr saying that the 
> file is too
> large...it dies at 4GB.
> 
Not knowing anything about the mac mini, I can only guess:  Have you
tried using a partition name for dd of= instead of a file name?

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Programming Book(s)

[Gayn Winters]

> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of lars
> Sent: Thursday, January 05, 2006 1:25 PM
> Cc: FreeBSD-Questions
> Subject: Re: Programming Book(s)
> 
> 
> Martin Cracauer wrote:
> > Sean wrote on Mon, Jan 02, 2006 at 04:09:27PM -0500: 
> > 
> >>Looking for recommendations on any Unix programming books.
> >>I have been out of things for a while so I would put my 
> skill level back 
> >>to the beginning.
> > 
> > 
> > W. Richard Steven's "Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment",
> > along with his "Unix Network Programming" are still 
> classics and from
> > what I have seen best by far.
> > 
> > Martin
> I also recommend "The Art of UNIX Programming" by Eric S. Raymond
> for some cultural information on Unix programming.
> 
> It's also available whole online for free at his website.

http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com  


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RE: Programming Book(s)

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Danial Thom
> Sent: Tuesday, January 03, 2006 7:53 AM
> To: Nicolas Blais; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org; 
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Subject: Re: Programming Book(s)
> 
> 
> 
> 
> --- Nicolas Blais <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
> > On January 2, 2006 04:52 pm, Sean wrote:
> > > Sean wrote:
> > > > Looking for recommendations on any Unix
> > programming books.
> > > > I have been out of things for a while so I
> > would put my skill level back
> > > > to the beginning.
> > > >
> > > > Thanks
> > > > Sean
> > > >
> > ___
> > > > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list
> > > >
> >
> http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions
> > > > To unsubscribe, send any mail to
> > > > "[EMAIL PROTECTED]"
> > >
> > > I forgot to mention that I wish to work with
> > C/C++
> > >
> > >   Thanks again,
> > >   Sean
> > 
> > There's a free C++ book which is great : 
> >
> http://mindview.net/Books/TICPP/ThinkingInCPP2e.html
> > 
> > You can also buy the hardcopy on Amazon.
> > 
> > Nicolas
> > 
> 
> I'd recommend learning C before C++. In order to
> be an effective unix programmer you must master
> the C language, as you'll have to examine and
> modify code in C to do anything substantial.
> Virtually all major programs and kernels are 'C'
> based.
> 
> DT

>From the website referenced:

Chapter 3 is a fairly intense coverage of the C that's used in C++, but
if you're just getting started with all this it may be a little too
intense. To remedy this, the printed book contains a CD ROM training
course that gently introduces you to the C syntax that you need to
understand in order to take on C++ or Java.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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freebsd-update defaults and restrictions

[Gayn Winters]

Colin Percival's freebsd-update utility has a number of options/flags
that I can't figure out from
man freebsd-update or
man freebsd-update.conf or
freebsd-update.conf.sample

Syntax:
freebsd-update [-b basedir] [--branch branchname] [-k KEY] command [URL]

-b basedir "Act on a FreeBSD world based at ... basedir"  
What does this mean?  If omitted, what is the default?

--branch branchname  Possibilities are nocrypto, crypto, ... .
The example in Bejtlich's paper
www.taosecurity.com/keeping_freebsd_up-to-date.html 
doesn't use --branch, and yet he implies the default is crypto and that
most installations need crypto.  Is the default crypto?  How would I
know what I need?

-k KEY  "A public key with a given MD5 hash"
URL "The URL from which updates are fetched"

The above two can also be specified in freebsd-update.conf and the
sample file has URL pointing to update.daemonology.net (Colin's web
server).  Bejtlich states that the KEY and the URL in the .conf file are
cooked to get updates from Colin's site, and to use the sample file "if
you trust [Colin] to securely build binary updates for you to blindly
install ..."  Aside from Bejtlich's obvious tongue-in-cheek negativity
(they are both security guys after all, and Colin is the FreeBSD
security officer), are there other possible sites for updates?  How do I
figure out a correct value for KEY if I know the URL?  Incidentally, the
KEY and the URL are required, since they either need to be specified on
the command line as in the above syntax or via the configuration file.

Finally, freebsd-update must operate on a GENERIC kernel, but does this
mean I can still use device.hints?

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Disk error messages (ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# xxxxxx)

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Russell J. Wood
> Sent: Monday, January 02, 2006 3:54 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Disk error messages (ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# xx)
> 
> 
> On Mon, Jan 02, 2006 at 11:15:08PM +, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> > Hi there,
> > 
> > On my screen, there were messages like the followings 
> comeing up. I have to 
> > reboot mutiple times to get it boot up normally. Does this 
> mean I have to 
> > replace the disk which is a relatively new disk (1-2 
> years)? Any simple way to 
> > fix it and to avoid the time consuming task?
> > 
> > 
> > ad0: 39205MB  [79656/16/63] at ata0-master WDMA2
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 131199
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 131199 status=59 error=40
> > ad0: DMA problem fallback to PIO mode
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 11272319 status=59 error=40
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 11272319 status=59 error=40
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 11272319 status=59 error=40
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 131199 status=59 error=40
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 3473535 status=59 error=40
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 9240703 status=59 error=40
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 17367167 status=59 error=40
> > ad0: HARD READ ERROR blk# 17760383 status=59 error=40
> 
> I suspect that you have bad sectors on your hard disk drive 
> (and many of
> them). A good tool to use is Segate's Seatools
> (http://www.seagate.com/support/seatools/index.html). Just burn the
> Seatools Desktop edition to CDROM and boot from it.
> 
> - Russell

After you've checked for loose cables, you might want to take the drive
out and check it in another system (using the Seagate or other such
tools).  If indeed the problem is with DMA, the drive might be ok but
the MB is flakey.  Perhaps the PC or MB manufacturer has diagnosics with
which you can zero into the latter ugly possiblity.  In any case, get
yourself a backup asap (at least of the user data so that you can
recover from a fresh installation.)  Unless you are getting other types
of errors, it is probably still possible to copy the drive with dd using
bs=512b, and this would be your quickest fix of a hard drive problem.
Run fsck on your new disk after the copy.

Good luck,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: SATA 80G HDD can't detect

[Gayn Winters]

> On Behalf Of rocky
> Sent: Thursday, December 29, 2005 5:20 PM
> Subject: SATA 80G HDD can't detect
> 
> Dear all,
> 
> I got the Dell PE850 server, which is running SATA with 80G 
> HDD, but I try to boot it up and install the FreeBSD6.0,
> 
> it can detect the Disk Controller but any HDD.
> 
> In the boot up screen, it show me the chipset is ICH7. 
> 
> Please help.

The ata driver in 6.0 supports ICH7 (man ata).

First, double check the fundamentals:  cables, power, BIOS, and the
daughter card connector.  Try the other SATA connector on the MB's
daughter card.  Does the BIOS see and correctly identify the HDD?  Is it
set to boot from a SATA or a SCSI drive?  

Second, run the system diagnostics that came with the PE850.  (They take
a long time to run.)  What do the disk diagnostics say?  [Hopefully,
since FBSD can't see the HDD, you haven't blown away the utility
partition on your HDD.  If you have, then you'll have to download them,
repartition the HDD and reinstall them.)  Cf.  
http://support.dell.com/support/edocs/systems/pe850/en/it/t8652c30.htm#w
p1053632

Third, run the disk manufacturer's diagnostics.

Hopefully, all hardware checks ok including the HDD, and the BIOS can
boot the system utilities (which in particular means it can read/write
the HDD.)  I'm assuming you can boot FBSD's first installation disk.
You'll need to post the dmesg from that.  Also tell us precisely what
the "fdisk section" says.

Good luck!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
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RE: New IDE drive in old PC

[Gayn Winters]

> On Behalf Of Gayn Winters
> Sent: Thursday, December 29, 2005 10:04 AM
> > On Behalf Of RW
> > Sent: Thursday, December 29, 2005 9:18 AM
> > On Wednesday 28 December 2005 07:14, Robert Slade wrote:
> > > On Tue, 2005-12-27 at 22:12, Robert Ames wrote:
> > > > I have an old (very old) ASUS P5 motherboard running 
> FreeBSD 5.4.
> > > > The boot disk is a 40MB Western Digital WD400 IDE drive 
> > jumpered to
> > > > only use 32MB so it can be booted from since the BIOS in this PC
> > > > (the latest and greatest) can't deal with anything larger 
> > than 32MB.
> > > > This PC is working well for me and I don't want to upgrade it.
> > > > However I would like to add a lot of disk space.  So my question
> > > > is, can I go out and buy a new 300 GB (or whatever) IDE disk and
> > > > attach it to the secondary IDE controller and hope to 
> use all 300
> > > > GB?  I will still use the old disk for booting and to 
> hold the OS.
> > > > The new disk will be just for data.  If this will "just 
> > work" how do
> > > > I configure the BIOS so the PC will boot with the large 
> > drive installed?
> > >
> > > Robert,
> > >
> > > If you had to jumper the boot disk for it to work with the 
> > BIOS of the motherboard, then the chances are that you would have to
> do the same
> > > with the 2nd hard drive.
> > >
> > > ISTR that ASUS produced updated BIOS' for most of their 
> > motherboards to get around this. Have a look at their website to see
> if there is and
> > > upgrade. There is also a area on the site for questions 
> > such as yours.
> > 
> > I would have thought the main issue is support for 48-bit 
> > LBA. The limit for 32-bit LBA is 137GB (128 GiB).
> 
> Since the OP wants more disk space and somehow can't upgrade this old
> BIOS (the preferred option), separate the issue into two:
> 1.  How to boot
> 2.  How to access the large disk.
> 
> I haven't tried it, but if you installed the large drive as a second
> disk, then you could boot off the older (jumpered even) hard drive.
> Even if the BIOS doesn't see the second hard drive, it 
> probably won't go
> belly up.  I would think FreeBSD would then see the second 
> drive when it
> booted and handle it correctly (since FreeBSD doesn't use the BIOS for
> access.)  Map the second drive as /data and enjoy. 
> 
> I recommend putting the old drive as primary (master) on the first IDE
> channel and putting the new drive as slave or as master on the second
> IDE channel.
> 
> I don't think trying this risks data on your old drive, but back it up
> anyway!  

Chuck Swinger's caveat will apply to the above:

FreeBSD will use LBA addressing modes, even if your BIOS does not
support it. 
However, to access a drive above 137GB, your hardware needs to support
48-bit LBA.

However, you can get a PCI ATA controller to do the job which is cheap
and 
convenient, or simply update your MB to something newer...

-- 
-Chuck

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 
 


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RE: New IDE drive in old PC

[Gayn Winters]

> On Behalf Of RW
> Sent: Thursday, December 29, 2005 9:18 AM
> On Wednesday 28 December 2005 07:14, Robert Slade wrote:
> > On Tue, 2005-12-27 at 22:12, Robert Ames wrote:
> > > I have an old (very old) ASUS P5 motherboard running FreeBSD 5.4.
> > > The boot disk is a 40MB Western Digital WD400 IDE drive 
> jumpered to
> > > only use 32MB so it can be booted from since the BIOS in this PC
> > > (the latest and greatest) can't deal with anything larger 
> than 32MB.
> > > This PC is working well for me and I don't want to upgrade it.
> > > However I would like to add a lot of disk space.  So my question
> > > is, can I go out and buy a new 300 GB (or whatever) IDE disk and
> > > attach it to the secondary IDE controller and hope to use all 300
> > > GB?  I will still use the old disk for booting and to hold the OS.
> > > The new disk will be just for data.  If this will "just 
> work" how do
> > > I configure the BIOS so the PC will boot with the large 
> drive installed?
> >
> > Robert,
> >
> > If you had to jumper the boot disk for it to work with the 
> BIOS of the motherboard, then the chances are that you would have to
do the same
> > with the 2nd hard drive.
> >
> > ISTR that ASUS produced updated BIOS' for most of their 
> motherboards to get around this. Have a look at their website to see
if there is and
> > upgrade. There is also a area on the site for questions 
> such as yours.
> 
> I would have thought the main issue is support for 48-bit 
> LBA. The limit for 32-bit LBA is 137GB (128 GiB).

Since the OP wants more disk space and somehow can't upgrade this old
BIOS (the preferred option), separate the issue into two:
1.  How to boot
2.  How to access the large disk.

I haven't tried it, but if you installed the large drive as a second
disk, then you could boot off the older (jumpered even) hard drive.
Even if the BIOS doesn't see the second hard drive, it probably won't go
belly up.  I would think FreeBSD would then see the second drive when it
booted and handle it correctly (since FreeBSD doesn't use the BIOS for
access.)  Map the second drive as /data and enjoy. 

I recommend putting the old drive as primary (master) on the first IDE
channel and putting the new drive as slave or as master on the second
IDE channel.

I don't think trying this risks data on your old drive, but back it up
anyway!  

Good luck, 

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Quick Install Question

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Daniel Goldberg
> Sent: Tuesday, December 27, 2005 8:14 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org
> Subject: Quick Install Question
> 
> 
> Dear FreeBSD-
>  
> I'm a FreeBSD 6.0 newbie and very excited.
>  
> Could you please by any chance answer the following basic install
> Question?
>  
>  
> What is the order of installing FreeBSD for a dual-boot XP environment
> on a single HDD using GAG
> (ie, which do I install first, which partition for each os, is there a
> resource for this answer published somewhere anyway???)

Welcome to FreeBSD!  By all means read the Handbook before going any
further.  Also, the FAQ's (both on freebsd.org) are very helpful to
newbies.  One very nice thing about FreeBSD is the huge number of
resources available on the web.  Google for them.

The quick answer to your question is install XP first, then FreeBSD.
The reason is that Windows is very impolite relative to coexisting with
other OS's, and it overwrites the MBR!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com


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RE: Boot error

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of rajoor
> Sent: Thursday, December 22, 2005 8:21 PM
> To: Giorgos Keramidas
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Boot error
> 
> 
> Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
> 
> >On 2005-12-23 14:18, Ariane & Ron Joordens 
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >  
> >
> >>Afternoon All,
> >>
> >>My FreeBSD 6.0 computer refuses to boot. It gets to the 
> screen where it
> >>pauses for 10 seconds and gives you the choice of 8 boot 
> options, and
> >>then...nothing!
> >>
> >>Choosing the default option shows a single line 
> "/boot/kernel/acpi.ko
> >>text= etc,..." then the next line shows "|", and that's it. All the
> >>other boot options show just the "|" and that's it. I have 
> waited for up
> >>to 30 minutes, but no change. The only way out is to reset 
> the computer.
> >>
> >>Prior to this prblem the computer worked perfectly. FreeBSD 5.4 was
> >>installed about 4 months ago, this was upgraded to 6.0 
> about 2 months
> >>ago. Everything had been recompiled and I never had any 
> problems, until
> >>this.
> >>
> >>I suspect that my 2 year old son has been pressing the power button
> >>repeatedly which may have caused this.
> >>
> >>
> >
> >Do you still have the FreeBSD install CD-ROM?  You can use 
> that to boot.
> >
> >DON'T INSTALL ANYTHING, though :)
> >
> >Just make sure that the CD-ROM boots fine up to the sysinstall menu.
> >
> >If that works, then there's definitely something wrong with 
> the kernel
> >or the other boot files you have on disk, and we'll see what can be
> >done.

> >
> Thanks Giorgos,
> 
> The install cd boots just fine. So I then looked up the 
> manual and tried 
> to boot from /boot/kernel.old.kernel but that doesn't work either.
> 
> What can we do next?
> 
> Ron

Next:  Boot from a CD that has diagnostics and check your hard drive. 

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: HP Pavillion laptop can't boot FreeBSD

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Derrick Ryalls
> Sent: Thursday, December 22, 2005 6:35 PM
> To: Ted Mittelstaedt
> Cc: FreeBSD Questions
> Subject: Re: HP Pavillion laptop can't boot FreeBSD
> 
> On 12/22/05, Ted Mittelstaedt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> > >-Original Message-
> > >From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> > >[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of 
> Derrick Ryalls

> > >> >Greetings,
> > >> >
> > >> >I recently purchased an HP Pavillion laptop (dv8000) that has
> > >> >an AMD-64 CPU,
> > >> >with the intent on running FreeBSD 6.0 (i386) as a dual boot
> > >> >option.  I have
> > >> >installed BSD numerous times on various desktops, but this
> > >is my first
> > >> >attempt on a laptop.
> > >> >
> > >> >When I boot off the CD, before the boot menu comes up, an
> > >error message
> > >> >comes up: elf32_lookup_symbol: corrupt symbol table.  Then the
> > >> >normal boot
> > >> >menu comes up, at which point selecting option 1 
> (normal) or option 2
> > >> >(without ACPI) causes the BTX loader to halt after
> > >displaying some hex
> > >> >errors.  I even tried hitting option 6, unsettng acpi_load,
> > >> >then booting,
> > >> >but the same error comes up.
> > >> >
> > >> >I tried 6.0 AMD-64 and didn't get as far.  Before the boot menu
> > >> >could come
> > >> >up, it continually spews what appears to be the same/similar
> > >> >hex errors and
> > >> >didn't even respond to Cntrl-Alt-Delete.  Trying 5.4, I don't
> > >> >get the elf32
> > >> >error before the boot menu, but if I select option 1 it has
> > >> >trouble loading
> > >> >ACPI and then shuts down.  Selecting option 2 (with the 5.4
> > >cd) does not
> > >> >bring up an error, the system just shuts down.  Out of
> > >> >curiousity, I tried a
> > >> >Knoppix 4.0 CD and was able to fully boot and get a functioning
> > >> >system up
> > >> >(albeit running off the CD).
> > >> >
> > >> >My bios has painfully few options, such as boot order and
> > >disabling the
> > >> >onboard wireless nic, nothing else.
> > >> >
> > >> >Is there something else I should try, or do I have to wait
> > >for the time
> > >> >being?
> > >> >
> > >> >TIA for any suggestions.
> > >> >
> > >> >-Derrick
> > >> On 12/21/05, Ted Mittelstaedt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > >> >
> > >> > boot off floppies and try a ftp install.  Or, boot windows
> > >> > and burn the freebsd cd in the laptop (i assume the laptop has
> > >> > a cd burner) sounds like a media error.
> > >> >
> > >> > Ted
> > >>
> > >>
> > >I don't have a floppy drive to use, but in any case I used 
> 3 different
> > >FreeBSD CDs, all failed.  One of the CDs I had previously used
> > >to install on
> > >a desktop, so I doubt it is a media issue.
> > >
> >
> > Try booting a 4.11 CD, I have systems which will boot 4.11 fine
> > but will not boot 5.4 or later.  If an install works on 
> that, I would
> > send-pr the bug.
> >
> > Also, make sure to firmware/bios update the laptop.
> >
> > Ted
> >
> >
> I tried 4.11 and got the hex errors even quicker, no chance 
> to interrupt
> boot sequence.  There isn't a bios update available for it either.

Assuming you've double checked the BIOS version and tried burning the
install CDs on that CDROM drive, I'd try actually installing various
OS's.  Try FreeDOS, any version of Linux, another copy of Windows.  Try
first various bootable CDs (games, diagnostics, etc.) as they are quick
tests. If all can install, then send-pr.  If you get errors on another
OS or bootable CD, then suspect the CDROM drive.  In the meantime, you
might buy yourself a USB floppy drive (handy in any case, especially
if/when you need to update the BIOS) and see if you can boot from that.
The HP support desk will help you diagnose the CDROM drive and with
booting from a USB floppy drive.

Good luck,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: change max username length

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Lowell Gilbert
> Sent: Saturday, December 17, 2005 8:54 AM
> To: aksis
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: change max username length
> 
> 
> aksis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> 
> > Is there a simple was to change the max username length?
> 
> Check the archives of this list; this has been 
> discussed more than once in the last month.
> ___

>From man adduser:

The user name is restricted to whatever pw(8) will
 accept.  Generally this means it may contain only lowercase
char-
 acters or digits.  Maximum length is 16 characters.  The
reasons
 for this limit are historical.  Given that people have
tradition-
 ally wanted to break this limit for aesthetic reasons, it
has
 never been of great importance to break such a basic
fundamental
 parameter in UNIX.  You can change UT_NAMESIZE in 
and
 recompile the world; people have done this and it works,
but you
 will have problems with any precompiled programs, or source
that
 assumes the 8-character name limit and NIS.  The NIS
protocol
 mandates an 8-character username.  If you need a longer
login
 name for e-mail addresses, you can define an alias in
 /etc/mail/aliases.

Plus here's a pointer to one discussion.  
http://unix.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/FreeBSD/questions/2005-04/1879.h
tml

Our only application for this is email, and aliases work fine.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: New to FreeBSD, need some questions answered

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Andrew Falanga
> Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2005 7:30 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: New to FreeBSD, need some questions answered
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I'm new to FreeBSD but not to UNIX.  The guy who burned me the 6.0 
> release iso's told me that during the install, FreeBSD would 
> detect my Windows XP drive but it didn't.  I have two hard drives, one

> for FreeBSD one for Windows.  The FreeBSD drive is SATA and the
Windows is PATA 
> (IDE, but I'm sure you all knew that).  I've been reading through the 
> Handbook, but I don't see in there how to configure the bootloader to 
> boot Windows.  I'd like very much to use the bootloader as 
> I'm sick of going into CMOS every time and changing the "first" drive
in 
> the system so that I get the OS I want.  Please help.

You mean you got through the install and when you were asked on which
slice you wanted to install FreeBSD you were only offered the choice of
the SATA drive?

If you have a working FreeBSD system, what does dmesg say?  What does
fdisk (from inside FreeBSD) say?  They both only see the SATA drive?  

Boot the system from DOS and run DOS's fdisk; what does it say?

If all the FreeBSD utilities can see the SATA but not the PATA drive,
then I'd check the cable and the jumpers on the PATA drive.  Be sure the
jumper is NOT set to Cable Select.

Once you can see both drives, just answer "yes" to installing the
FreeBSD boot loader during installation.  If you don't want to
reinstall, read man boot0cfg.

Welcome and good luck,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Lousy network performance ...

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Kiffin Gish
> Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2005 1:16 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Lousy network performance ...
> 
> 
> I am having problems with a slow Internet DSL-connection, 
> especially while
> surfing around the web.
> 
> My service-provider claims that his network is just fine (of 
> course!) and
> that the problem is because of all the 'so-called junk' I 
> have configured on
> my home network on my side of the connection.
> 
> On my side of the adsl-modem/router I have a router which is connected
> directly to two Windows XP desktops, via a switch to two 
> FreeBSD machines
> (webserver and fileserver) and via a wireless link my combo 
> FreeBSD/Windows
> XP laptop. I have Samba running for file exchange bweteen the 
> Windows and
> FreeBSD boxes and I have port 80 opened on the 
> adsl-moden/router to allow
> access to a couple of web sites I am running.
> 
> Is there some kind of way to prove my ISP is wrong by doing a 
> trace? What
> tools are available? How can I demonstrate that the 
> bottleneck is not my
> home network but the DSL-connection?

Unplug your router, plug in a PC to the adsl-modem.  Set the PC to your
router's external IP address, DNS, and gateway.  Test the speed. (If
your ISP won't provide a speed test, Google for DSL speed test and pick
an appropriate one.)  If you got your ISP to visit you, this is what
they would do.  They won't (and shouldn't) believe anything else.  Your
web sites will be down for less than 5 minutes.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: FreeBSD router two DSL connections

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Ted 
> Mittelstaedt
> 
> >-Original Message-
> >From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Winelfred G.
> >Pasamba
> >Sent: Monday, December 12, 2005 8:26 AM
> >To: Yance Kowara
> >Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> >Subject: Re: FreeBSD router two DSL connections
> >
> >i use pfSense (www.pfsense.com)
> >

> Sigh.
> 
> THIS IS NOT LOAD BALANCING PLEASE QUIT BEING SLOPPY WITH YOUR
> NETWORKING TERMS
> 
> I refer you to the pfsense website itself:
>
http://faq.pfsense.org/index.php?sid=13525&lang=en&action=artikel&cat=6&;
id=18&artlang=en

> "Load balancing is on per connection basis, not a bandwidth basis.
All
> packets in a given flow will go over only one link."

> In other words, they are redefining the term "load balancing" into
> something that is not understood by any previously accepted definition
> of load balancing, so that people like you can think your getting
> something for nothing.

> Once more - FTP to a remote site with your dual DSL links.  Copy
> a FreeBSD ISO file to there.  Watch as the upload speed IS NO FASTER
> THAN ONE OF THE LINKS.

> Ted

I just looked at the pfsense site, and for an Internet Café, it looks
promising.  Two DSL lines to different ISP's does give a small amount of
redundancy.  Whether you use two routers or pfsense, you get some sort
of "load sharing" but not "load balancing."  A more appropriate
performance test for an Internet Café would be:

Take a dozen PC's each to transfer a FreeBSD 6.0R ISO file from a dozen
different mirror sites.  Start them at the same time and see how long
the all of the transfers take.  

You can test one DSL connection at N kbps and two DSL connections both
at N kbps.  You'll undoubtedly see the effect of "load sharing" if the
dozen PC's are more or less evenly divided over the two DSL lines.

The redundancy isn't great, and you will pay for it.  Namely, two N kbps
connections will cost you more than one 2N connection.  If you ran my
benchmark on a 2N connection you might actually see an improvement over
two N kbps connections due to to its inherent load balancing.  In any
case, with a single (or a small number) of users (Ted's benchmark test)
you would definitely see an improvement over two N kbps connections.

Now the question:  is a faster AND cheaper 2N connection a better setup
than two N kbps connections for our fabled Internet Café?  

I'd personally go with the 2N connection.  Almost all the time it would
be better.  Most large ISPs, for a little more money of course, will
give you a faster response time on repairs.  The ISP might even provide
a bank of modems and you could implement multilink PPP as your backup.

Regarding a combination of DSL and cable, that would be where pfsense
may shine.  This combo would definitely give a little better redundancy
than two DSL connections to two ISP because the cable comes in to you
building differently than the DSL/phone lines.  A backhoe would have
less chance of taking both out.  Honestly, I still think a 2N connection
would be better.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: FreeBSD starter machine

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Pietro Cerutti
> Sent: Monday, December 12, 2005 3:56 PM
> To: Chris Whitehouse; FreeBSD
> Subject: Re: FreeBSD starter machine
> 
> 
> On 12/13/05, Chris Whitehouse <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >
> > A way to use your current machine for both operating systems without
> > dual booting is to install a second hard disk, install FreeBSD and
> > select which to boot from in the bios. It's a slight faff 
> changing boot
> > disk but works fine and keeps the OS's completely separate.
> >
> 
> Could you please tell me the problems which could rise using 
> dual boot?
> 
> I really can't imagine any, since the two (or more) OSes are on
> different slices, and can't interfere which each other in any way.

One disadvantage to dual boot is that you can't get one OS to talk to
the other over the net. This disadvantage is shared by the above idea.
You can, however, transfer files via a shared file system, and this is
worth learning.  Of course, a special case is to share files via CD,
floppy, jump drive, etc.  

If you are not careful you can mess up your boot block.  Windows will do
this for you without asking permission!  This is easily repaired,
however.

While switching boot disk in the BIOS works, if you've gone to the
trouble to mount a second disk and load FreeBSD on it, I'd recommend
just installing the FreeBSD boot loader.  In the installation process,
just say "yes" to that question, and you're set!  Other boot loaders
have their proponents. Grub seems to be very popular.  As unfriendly as
it is, even the NT boot loader can be made to work (I think the Handbook
has a section on this).

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 



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RE: What are the supported wireless PCI cards under freeBSD?

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of hesham marei
> Sent: Monday, December 12, 2005 3:38 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: What are the supported wireless PCI cards under freeBSD?

> Where can I find a list of the supported wireless PCI
> cards for freeBSD? I have tried google and the
> handBook. But I couldn't find a simple clear answer. 

The Handbook has a section (2.10) called Supported Hardware.  It says
look in Release Information and gives a link
http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html.  On that page if you click
on Hardware Notes (for 6.0 would be best) you'll get not only the
wireless card list (section 3.6), but all supported hardware.  Sometimes
you get more detailed information (especially on chipsets) in the man
pages for the driver itself; it is always worth checking!

> I am new for FreeBSD and my experience is just linux.

Welcome!

> Is there any especial recommendation to wireless PCI?

I'm happy with my Cisco/Aironet card, but there are many newer and
faster ones. Surely someone on this list will have just tried a
relatively new one on 6.0!

> Does Linksys Wireless PCI CARD network works under freeBSD?

There are several listed in the Hardware Notes for 6.0

> How can I know the chipset sold on the PCI card?

Usually the manufacturer will have the technical specifications for
their products on their web site. 

Best of luck!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 





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RE: FreeBSD starter machine

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Matt S. Gann
> Sent: Sunday, December 11, 2005 8:08 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org
> Subject: FreeBSD starter machine
> 
>   I have a few questions about FreeBSD.  I am just beginning 
> to get into UNIX.  I know a few line commands, but really 
> want to get familiar and comfortable with the OS.  I have 
> been intrugued by FreeBSD for many years now, but I own a 
> windows-based PC and am not keen about running dual OS's.  I 
> would like to get a cheap, used, small desktop or laptop to 
> "tinker" with Unix/Linix and FreeBSD.  However, I know little 
> to nothing about system requirements and/or hardware 
> compability.  I was thinking of an old 486 or Pentium 1 to 
> get started.  Any thoughts on what I could start with?
 
Dual booting works fine if you have some "extra" disk space (or an extra
disk you can add.)  

If you want a separate PC, then don't use too old of a machine.  While
it is fun doing useful things on old systems, for your first unix system
you don't want to spend too much time getting old hardware to work or
repairing it when it dies.  Your time is better spent learning the OS.
Also, while I would recommend learning a unix system in command mode
before bringing up a windowing system, if you want to learn unix
windowing systems, then you are going to want a somewhat faster cpu with
a decent video system.  

With a little looking around, you can probably get, at near zero cost, a
PC that is <5 years old.  That will put you in the 400Mhz+ range and any
unix will be very happy with most configurations that you find on such a
PC.  I'd insist on a 100mbps NIC and a decent CDROM as well. Make sure
the PC boots from the CDROM. (Try before you buy.) Not only is a unix
installation easier when booting from a CD, but there are several handy
CD based tools and diagnostics. I'd also look for a bigger box with a
few spare PCI slots so that you can add "stuff" easily as you are
learning.

For $19 I bought a new 2-port Belkin KVM switch, which I use to switch
between my MS-Windows PC and my "other" desktop, which I will soon
upgrade from FreeBSD 5.4 to 6.0.  This saves a lot of space on my desk,
and switching between the two is just a couple keystrokes.  You might
consider it.  It is especially handy when you are trying out different
installations.  For my FreeBSD servers, I use Putty to ssh into them
from my Windows machine (and openssh from my FreeBSD machines.) The key
thing is to make it easy to access your unix system(s) so that you learn
faster.

Have fun!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Freebsd 5.4+samba

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Monah Baki
> Subject: Freebsd 5.4+samba
> 
> I just installed Freebsd 5.4 with samba 3.x, I'm running a calyx  
> software, and the 6 clients are winxp.
> The smb.conf is as simple as possible. I noticed that some clients  
> are very slow to connect to the share drive and run a database search.
> The server is a dell 8400 optiplex, no scsi HDD (sata I think), 3Ghz  
> and 512MB Ram.  I was wandering if there's a way to optimize samba, or

> freebsd. Right now performance wise is worse then when they connect to
the same  
> database on a win2003 server and I need to get the win2003 
> server out of the picture.
> 
I'm sure you'll get a lot of help on this forum, but I suggest you split
your problem up.  

Focus first on your server:  How is it configured? Have you tested the
performance of file IO locally? Are you swapping? Is anything else
running besides the samba processes and calyx?  Have you considered 6.0
for file performance reasons?  Test the speed of your database searches
locally before you worry about testing them over the network.

Next the network: What hardware are you using?  How is it configured?
Are all clients connecting at maximum speed (typically 100mbps full
duplex)?  How fast is a single client file transfer (without samba and
without other connections to the server?  Is the network overloaded with
other traffic?  Since you say "some clients", what is different? Test
using IP addresses not names.

Next naming:  If the low level network is fine, then slow connect time
is usually a name resolution problem.  What is different on the slow
clients?  Is samba your WINS server?  Figure out how each client is
resolving names and in particular resolving the name of the server.  Do
you have any "master browser" conflicts?  Test each client's connect
time with a non-samba program, e.g. ssh.  Note ping sometimes gives you
a clue if the first packet sent using a name and not an IP address times
out.  Check carefully that your default domain name suffixes are
correct.  

Samba:  It should be pretty fast out of the box if the above is working
fine.  I've never noticed any performance degradation using samba as a
WINS server, and I recommend it.  Turn it on in smb.conf and be sure to
set it so that it wins any master browser elections.  If you still think
Win2003 is outperforming samba on comparable hardware, then you'll need
to gather a lot more data.  

Calyx:  I don't know anything about it.  If local queries run fast (step
1), and the above are fast, then it would seem to me that its client has
a problem.  If it is only a client database (like QuickBooks or Access)
that uses samba for its files, then you are into another class of
performance problems and the calyx experts need to help you.  (For
example, the performance tunings for QuickBooks are much different that
those for Access.)

I'd recommend splitting your question to this forum up into separate
questions formulating each so that it is interesting in its own right
and includes what you have learned in previous steps.

Best of luck,

-gayn


Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: installation

[Gayn Winters]

> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of jon freddy
> Sent: Wednesday, December 07, 2005 7:43 PM

> I use Linux, but for a project I am doing it involves
> the BSD port system so now I want to experience it for
> myself. As I said I have Linux and Windows with GRUB.
> If I try and install FreeBSD will it detect I already
> have grub, a swap drive? Will it also give me an
> option to partition it?

FreeBSD won't "detect" GRUB, but you can have FreeBSD not touch the MBR
during the install so that you are on your own to configure your
favorite boot loader after (or before for that matter) installing
FreeBSD.  

To configure swap space, read man swapon/off/cfg in
http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapon&sektion=8&apropos=0&manp
ath=FreeBSD+6.0-RELEASE+and+Ports.  

You can get the FreeBSD installer to partition your hard drive, but
given you have two other OS's on your hard drive, I'd recommend that you
use an FDISK-like utility before you install FreeBSD so that you are
happy with your (DOS)partitions first.  It is easy to select the
appropriate (DOS) partition for FreeBSD during the install. 

I strongly recommend reading about installations, slices, and (BSD)
partitions in the FreeBSD Handbook
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html.

Welcome to FreeBSD,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: how to copy MBR??

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Javier Matos
> Sent: Saturday, December 03, 2005 5:50 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: how to copy MBR??
> 
> 
> Hi, I will change the hard drive of my computer and I was 
> thinking that maybe it can run if I make partitions in the 
> new hard drive (the same number of partitions using the same 
> device name), copy all the files contained in the old hard 
> drive to the new one and finally copy MBR from old hard drive 
> to the new one... .
> 
> Can it be a solution to the problem of changing hard drives 
> of my computer or that that I tell is a stupid thing??
> 
 Javier,

You should do a little reading first.  The Handbook has a good section
on this, and there are MANY posts on the topic.  The bottom line is that
a naïve copy using dd or cp won't work.  (Well, dd will work but
assuming your new disk is larger, it won't be optimal.)  You are
probably better off with a new install on the new disk, and then doing
dump and restore to transfer the relevant user data.  This is a good
time to rethink how your data are stored, and the handbook has a section
on rearranging your directories.  This is a popular topic and there are
any HOWTO's out there that Google will find for you.  If you have room
physically, using the old disk as an extra drive is something I'd
suggest as well.  In fact, it makes the dump|restore work particularly
well.

-gayn


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RE: Status of 6.0 for production systems

[Gayn Winters]

> There are some things broken in 5.4 that are still broken in 6.0
> with regards to support of older hardware.  In particular the ida
> driver is a mess - EISA support in that was busted years ago,
> then 5.X busted support for more 'modern' systems like the
> Compaq 1600R   HP  "DL" series of systems are kind of a moving
> target anyway, unfortunately.  For those sytems I still use 4.11
> (in fact I just setup 2 new 4.11 production systems two days ago)
> 
> However, 6.0 is a requirement for currently shipping hardware, in
> particular the Intel series of boxed "server" motherboards, if you
> want to use raid and sata drives, since Intel seems to like to change
> it's motherboard chipsets as fast as most people change their 
> underpants.
> I'm actually building a 6.0 production server today.  (5.4 and earlier
> will not recognize the disk array)
> 
> It would be nice if we could get more support for SATA raid in
> the atacontrol program.
> 
> Ted

On the plus side, I've thrown a lot of hardware at FreeBSD with great
success. On the other hand, FreeBSD's primary weakness seems to be the
support of newer hardware. I suppose I shouldn't be surprised to hear of
problems with older hardware as well, and Ted's solution of pairing
older hardware with an older release seems reasonable if in fact one has
the experience to support the older release.  (I don't, since I jumped
to FreeBSD at release 5.1.) 

I recall sos@ complaining (well, at least "mentioning") that his work on
ata was hampered by a lack of hardware. I'm sure other developers that
support drivers have the same problem. I've been wondering what could be
done about this -  at least for 6.0++.  

I assume we don't have enough volume to interest many hardware
manufacturers into developing FreeBSD drivers for their hardware.  BUT,
do our driver developers get early access to specs and (if it would
help) source code to other drivers?  What would that take?  Do we have
relationships with hardware manufactures to get samples and prototypes
for our driver developers?  Or, do we simply have to wait and buy retail
versions of the hardware?  

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Configuring default 6.0 install to send mail

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Brooke Landers
> Sent: Wednesday, November 09, 2005 6:38 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Configuring default 6.0 install to send mail
> 
> 
> Hello list. I am learning FreeBSD and I'd like to know how to 
> configure 
> Sendmail to simply forward mail although it seems it's doing this by 
> default. I can send mail, but it's being rejected since 
> mylocalhost.mydomain.com doesn't resolve. I'm using internal 
> hosts that will 
> never have DNS entries.
> 
> I'm looking for somewhere where I can specify that 
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] can send 
> mail as [EMAIL PROTECTED] I'm pretty sure that my mail would 
> be accepted if 
> I can do this.
> 
> I don't want to set up a mail server, I'd just like to know 
> how I can get my 
> logs and admin mail forwarded to an external address. I 
> apologize for not 
> sending this to a sendmail list, but I figured there may be 
> something simple 
> and specific to FreeBSD that I have overlooked.
> 
> Thank you for any help :)
> BL

Check out section 22.8 of the Handbook regarding ssmtp.  

-gayn


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RE: Masquerading Virtual domains in sendmail

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: Ahnjoan Amous [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Wednesday, November 09, 2005 6:27 PM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Masquerading Virtual domains in sendmail
>  
> On 11/9/05, Gayn Winters <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > I'm installing sendmail.8.13.3 on FBSD 5.4 on node.domain1.com.
> >
> > I've configured /etc/mail/local-host-names to accept mail for
> > domain1.com and domain2.com.
> >
> > My user names look like bob.domain1.com and (a different Bob)
> > bob.domain2.com.
> >
> > Inside /etc/mail/virtusertable I map
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] bob.domain1.com
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] bob.domain2.com
> >
> > Inbound all is well. BUT,
> >
> > What I can't figure out is how to masquerade mail from 
> bob.domain1.com
> > as being from [EMAIL PROTECTED] AND ALSO HAVE bob.domain2.com 
> masqueraded
> > as being from [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >
> > One test of this working is to be able to register both Bob's in the
> > FreeBSD mailing lists as [EMAIL PROTECTED] and [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >
> > Ideas? References?
> >
> > Thanks,
> >
> > -gayn
> >
> > Bristol Systems Inc.
> > 714/532-6776
> > www.bristolsystems.com

> Try a Google search on "genericstable".  I'm not sure if this is
> exactly what you are looking for as you are trying to send mail via
> the same username but it is what I use to specify sender domain for
> different users.  Understanding this may not be how you want to solve
> the issue, you could send as bobA@ and bobB@ and genericstable could
> translate that to whatever you would like.
> 
> Ahnjoan
>
Thank you Ahnjoan.
 
It looks like reversing the two columns of virtusertable to get
genericstable gets me part of what I need; namely, the mail headers
should translate correctly.  Unfortunately, digging through the bat book
and googling, it doesn't seem like the envelopes will get masqueraded,
when I actually need them to be masqueraded on a per domain basis.  The
macro MASQUERADE_AS seems to be a global operation, which I don't want.


Does anyone know if FEATURE(`masquerade_envelope') will work without
MASQUERADE_AS?

Somehow to me it seems like most ISP's have this problem.

Thanks again,

-gayn


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Masquerading Virtual domains in sendmail

[Gayn Winters]

I'm installing sendmail.8.13.3 on FBSD 5.4 on node.domain1.com.  

I've configured /etc/mail/local-host-names to accept mail for
domain1.com and domain2.com.  

My user names look like bob.domain1.com and (a different Bob)
bob.domain2.com.  

Inside /etc/mail/virtusertable I map
[EMAIL PROTECTED]   bob.domain1.com
[EMAIL PROTECTED]   bob.domain2.com

Inbound all is well. BUT, 

What I can't figure out is how to masquerade mail from bob.domain1.com
as being from [EMAIL PROTECTED] AND ALSO HAVE bob.domain2.com masqueraded
as being from [EMAIL PROTECTED]

One test of this working is to be able to register both Bob's in the
FreeBSD mailing lists as [EMAIL PROTECTED] and [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Ideas? References?

Thanks,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: gmirror clearing configuration

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Dave
> Sent: Friday, November 04, 2005 3:31 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: gmirror clearing configuration
> 
> 
> Hello,
> I'm trying to set up raid1 on fbsd 5.4-RELEASE no patches 
> yet installed 
> just a vanilla release box. I've messed up somewhere, the 
> primary drive is 
> smaller than the secondary drive and i'm using Ralf's second 
> procedure. My 
> problem is i can't clear the metadata from either the first 
> or second drive 
> so i can start again, i load gmirror then issue a gmirror 
> clear and it says 
> it can't clear the metadata. Any help appreciated.
> Thanks.
> Dave.
>
I'm sure others have more gmirror experience than I do, but maybe this
will help...

The metadata is stored in the last sector of the logical disk.  Zap both
physical disks with 
  dd if=/dev/zero of=...  skip=n-1 count=1 bs=512b
where n is the number of sectors.  After you do this you'll of course
need to rebuild the mirror.  Backup and be careful!!!

You can also do this with the gmirror utilities by removing one drive
from the mirror, then undoing the mirror and the remaining drive (which
zeroes the last sector) and then rebuilding.  When I tried this once, I
had a little trouble with the fact that the removed drive still had the
metadata on its last sector.  I think I had to zap its last sector prior
to adding it back into the mirror.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: gmirror on 1 or 2 IDE cables

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: Ted Mittelstaedt [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Friday, November 04, 2005 1:26 PM
> To: Steve Bertrand; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; 
> freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: RE: gmirror on 1 or 2 IDE cables
> 
> 
> >-Original Message-
> >From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> >[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of 
> Steve Bertrand
> >Sent: Thursday, November 03, 2005 7:28 AM
> >To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> >Subject: RE: gmirror on 1 or 2 IDE cables
> >
> >
> >
> >> Using gmirror to mirror two identical drives, how much of a 
> >> performance hit is it to have
> >> 
> >> 1.  Both drives on one IDE cable?
> >> Compared to:
> >> 2.  One drive primary on one cable and one secondary on the 
> >> other cable?
> >> Compared to:
> >> 3.  Both drives primary but on separate IDE cables?
> >
> >My understanding that only a single drive on each IDE channel can be
> >accessed at any one time.
> >
> 
> Which may or may not matter depending on what he's doing.  Are we
> talking mainly reads or writes here?
> 
> Ted
> 
I was mostly thinking about writes; however, now that you raise the
issue, can gmirror interleave reads from the two mirrored disks?

-gayn



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RE: gmirror on 1 or 2 IDE cables

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: Peter Clutton [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Thursday, November 03, 2005 2:30 PM
> To: Steve Bertrand
> Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: gmirror on 1 or 2 IDE cables
> 
> 
> On 11/4/05, Steve Bertrand <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >
> > > Using gmirror to mirror two identical drives, how much of a
> > > performance hit is it to have
> > >
> > > 1.  Both drives on one IDE cable?
> > > Compared to:
> > > 2.  One drive primary on one cable and one secondary on the
> > > other cable?
> > > Compared to:
> > > 3.  Both drives primary but on separate IDE cables?
> >
> > My understanding that only a single drive on each IDE channel can be
> > accessed at any one time.
> >
> > Thus, if you put one drive on one channel, and the other 
> drive on the
> > second channel, they can be accessed simultaneously. The 
> location on the
> > cable(s) does not matter,
> 
> That is correct about the two channels, one should be on each. However
> it does make a difference as to primary or secondary, if you have
> other drives attached (such as cdrom). Try putting the cdrom as
> primary, then secondary, and have a watch to discover the difference.
> This might not be noticed with a normal secondary hard drive, as you
> may not write to it much. However in a mirror the second is always
> written to, and you will notice the difference if you are also using
> the cdrom
> 
Apologies to everyone, but I'm still a little confused...

If the hard drive has a decent buffer, then doesn't (or at least
couldn't) a write free up the IDE channel right after the buffer fills
and before the buffer empties and the write is complete?  In which case,
can't a second write to the other drive on the channel overlap the first
disk writing out its buffer?  At the very least couldn't gmirror have
the smarts to do this by interleaving the main and mirrored writes
appropriately (given the size of the buffers)?  Of course, mirroring
should go faster if the mirror is on a different channel.

As for a write to a secondary drive being slower than the same write to
a primary drive... Why should that be?  Doesn't the write data contain
the address (0=primary or 1=secondary) on the IDE channel of the drive
to which the write is going?  If this is the case, then why should one
be slower than the other?

Thanks for the help!

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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gmirror on 1 or 2 IDE cables

[Gayn Winters]

Using gmirror to mirror two identical drives, how much of a performance
hit is it to have

1.  Both drives on one IDE cable?
Compared to:
2.  One drive primary on one cable and one secondary on the other cable?
Compared to:
3.  Both drives primary but on separate IDE cables?

Thanks,

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: What does "Replaced Drive: mean in raidutil?

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Marc G. Fournier
> Sent: Monday, October 31, 2005 9:23 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: What does "Replaced Drive: mean in raidutil?
> 
> 
> Stupid question, but considering that all the others state 
> 'Optimal', I'm a wee bit concerned:
> 
> # raidutil -L physical
> AddressType  Manufacturer/Model 
> Capacity  Status
> --
> -
> d0b0t3d0   Disk Drive (DASD) SEAGATE  ST336607LC
> 35003MB   Optimal
> d0b0t4d0   Disk Drive (DASD) SEAGATE  ST336607LC
> 35003MB   Optimal
> d0b0t5d0   Disk Drive (DASD) SEAGATE  ST336607LC
> 35003MB   Optimal
> d0b1t0d0   Disk Drive (DASD) SEAGATE  ST336607LC
> 35003MB   Replaced Drive
> d0b1t1d0   Disk Drive (DASD) SEAGATE  ST336607LC
> 35003MB   Optimal
> d0b1t2d0   Disk Drive (DASD) SEAGATE  ST336607LC
> 35003MB   Optimal
> 
> Does that mean it *needs* to be replaced, or ... ?
> 

Googling: "replaced drive" raidutil
Gives several good hits, e.g.,
http://perlstalker.amigo.net/FreeBSD/RAID.phtml?pf=1

Looks to me like you've replaced the original drive with the one
that is marked "Replaced Drive".  See the example in the above link.
There are other links from Google that have more extensive examples.

-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: DMA errors

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Mike Jeays
> Sent: Saturday, October 29, 2005 4:28 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: DMA errors
> 
> 
> I have a 40GB Maxtor D740X-6L disk, and have been unable to 
> install 5.4 or 6.0 on it.  I get errors:
> 
> ad0: FAILURE WRITE_DMA STATUS=51  error=84 (IRC,
> ABORTED) LBA=..
> 
> as soon as I try to commmit the changes in sysinstall.
> 
> I have checked that the IDE cable is the 80-wire type, and cleaned up
> the connections and so on.
> 
> I tried installing Ubuntu on this disk, and everything went 
> perfectly. 
> (Those guys have done a really great job, by the way).
> 
> Is there some configuration trick I have missed?
> 

Well, my first guess would be that you have a cable problem. Try a new
cable and/or make sure that the disk is on the master plug (at the end
of the 80-wire cable) and that the jumper on the drive is set to master
(DS and not cable select CS). 

If you still have a problem, pls list mboard, controller, and give
output of fdisk and bsdlabel. (Do the latter before trying the commit.)


-gayn

Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: Sed howto

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Bill Campbell
> Sent: Friday, October 28, 2005 8:38 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Sed howto
> 
> 
> On Fri, Oct 28, 2005, Kövesdán Gábor wrote:
> >Hello,
> >
> >I'm looking for a good sed howto that can be useful for 
> contributing to ports collection. Replacing text is I'm especially
interested in. 
> >Besides, could somebody explain me, when we use 
> USE_REINPLACE= YES and ${REINPLACE_CMD}, and when we use just ${SED}?
> 
> It isn't a HOWTO, but the best sed documentation I've ever 
> read is in the book ``Unix Text Processing'' by Dougherty and
O'Reilly.  I 
> think it's out of print, but you can download it in PDF format from
O'Reilly 
> for free.  It also has excellent documentation on quite a few other
*nix 
> utilities, and is one of those books that I think should be on every
*nix hackers
> bookshelf along with Kernighan and Pike's ``Unix Programming 
> Environment''.
> 
> Bill
> --

I concur.  The 20 pages on sed are probably part of what you want.  It
doesn't answer your "besides..." however.  Perhaps someone else can help
there.  Here's a link to O'Reilly:

 http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/utp/UnixTextProcessing.pdf

-gayn


Bristol Systems Inc.
714/532-6776
www.bristolsystems.com 


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RE: FreeBSD UFS2 snapshots, and math ... - resolved, but two more Qs

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: user [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Thursday, October 20, 2005 1:51 PM
> To: Gayn Winters
> Cc: 'Andrew P.'; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: RE: FreeBSD UFS2 snapshots, and math ... - resolved, 
> but two more Qs
> 
> 
> 
> Folks,
> 
> On Thu, 20 Oct 2005, Gayn Winters wrote:
> 
> > > Imagine that each data block is marked with labels
> > > on change. It doesn't matter how many labels there
> > > are, there will be only one data block saved.
> > 
> > In trying to follow this thread, I started looking around 
> for a precise
> > definition of snapshot.
> > Man mksnap_ffs
> > wasn't too helpful, and googling for "snapshot" etc. wasn't 
> fruitful.
> > I'm guessing that the original author of the thread (user 
> at dhp.com)
> > may also need such a definition.  Can someone provide a pointer to a
> > specification or at least an RFC-like paper?
> 
> 
> I found one:
> 
> http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.s
> napshot?rev=1.4
> 
> and further, I did some tests and discovered that what I was 
> being told
> (by you folks) was indeed correct.
> 
> No matter how many snapshots you have, the changes in blocks since the
> tiem before the first snapshot is only recorded in one of 
> them.  That is
> to say, if I do the following:
> 
> - create 4 1gig /dev/zero filled files
> - create a snapshot
> - overwrite one of those 1gig files with /dev/random
> 
> My free space will have decreased by 1gig.  So far so good.
> 
> If I then:
> 
> - create a second snapshot
> - overwrite a different 1gig file with /dev/random
> 
> My free space merely decreases by another 1gig.  It makes 
> sense to me now
> because it has occurred to me that since the second file had 
> not changed
> between the creation of the first and second snapshot, there 
> is no reason
> for _both_ snapshots to _both_ say "this 1gig random file used to be
> filled with zeros" - it would be redundant.
> 
> So that's great ... but I am curious, how do they know ?  I think my
> previous assumption (that the first _and_ the second snapshot 
> file would
> _both_ have to record the change of file #2 from zero to 
> random) was based
> on the notion that these snapshot files were totally autonomous and
> independent, and had no general organization behind them.  If 
> that was the
> case, then I am still fairly certain both snapshots would 
> need to record
> the change of the second file.
> 
> So what is the behind the scenes organization that makes it 
> possible for
> the snapshot files to not duplicate data like that ?
> 
> ALSO,
> 
> I have noticed that if you:
> 
> - dd 1gig /dev/zero file
> - create snapshot
> - overwrite that 1gig file with /dev/random
> 
> (free space decreases by 1gig, as expected)
> 
> - rewrite that 1gig file with /dev/zero again
> 
> You _don't_ get that 1gig of free space back ... which 
> surprises me, since
> it was all zeros before, and its all zeros now ... how does 
> the snapshot
> know those are "different zeros" ?  And what ramifications 
> does this have
> for restoring, etc., if identical files do not get counted as 
> identical in
> the snapshot ?
> 
> thanks.
> 

I just finished skimming an old paper by McKusick on Soft Updates:
http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix99/full_pap
ers/mckusick/mckusick.pdf
This paper is dated 1999.  Does anyone know if it accurately reflects
how soft updates and snapshots in FreeBSD 5.4 are implemented?  If so,
it would answer the above questions.

-gayn


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RE: FreeBSD UFS2 snapshots, and math ...

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Andrew P.
> Sent: Thursday, October 20, 2005 12:35 PM
> To: user
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: FreeBSD UFS2 snapshots, and math ...

> Imagine that each data block is marked with labels
> on change. It doesn't matter how many labels there
> are, there will be only one data block saved.

In trying to follow this thread, I started looking around for a precise
definition of snapshot.
Man mksnap_ffs
wasn't too helpful, and googling for "snapshot" etc. wasn't fruitful.
I'm guessing that the original author of the thread (user at dhp.com)
may also need such a definition.  Can someone provide a pointer to a
specification or at least an RFC-like paper?

Thanks,

-gayn


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RE: Replacing a failing HD

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Ramakrishna Nalla
> Sent: Tuesday, October 18, 2005 9:52 PM
> To: Bob Ababurko
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org; Craig Deal
> Subject: Re: Replacing a failing HD
> 
> 
> But, won't doing a dd between two disks with incompatible 
> sizes create a bad partition table on the destination drive?
> 
> TIA,
> Rama
> 

Not really a "bad" partition table, if what you mean is bad=corrupted.
Using dd you copy blocks, and this will correctly bring the partition
table along.  What you do not get initially is the full utilization of
the larger drive.  Thus if you dd a 40GB drive (or slice) to a 60GB one,
you'll only get the image of the 40GB drive that is initially usable.
You will have 20GB that is not - at least initially - usable.  Nothing
stops you from reorganizing the larger disk, however.

I think the original problem in this thread was a quick save of a
failing disk.  dd is great for this.  If you were simply going to
utilize a larger disk, then you'd be better off using fdisk to slice it
up, creating your bsd partitions and then using dump|restore to get
things where you want them.  I think the Handbook has a nice section on
doing this.

-gayn


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RE: Replacing a failing HD

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: Craig Deal [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Wednesday, October 19, 2005 7:07 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: RE: Replacing a failing HD
> 
> > > > > I tried this and got the following error:
> > > > > 
> > > > > ad0: FAILURE - READ_DMA status=51 
> > > > > error=40
> > > > > LBA=8387712
> > 
> > A couple ideas for dd:
> > 
> > Have you tried bs=512b ?
> > 
> > How about conv=noerror ?
> > 
> > 
> > -gayn 
> 
> 
> Using "bs=512b" worked. I booted to the new disk and 
> everything looks ok. I
> also ran "fsck" in single user mode, which indicated no 
> problems. Can I
> assume everything is ok, or is there anything else I should check?
> 
> Craig

I'm sure it is ok, but I'd double check the output of fdisk and
bsdlabel.  You've got some extra space now and you may want to use it.
Read the handbook on moving to a larger disk.

-gayn


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RE: Replacing a failing HD

[Gayn Winters]

> > Craig Deal wrote:
> > >  
> > > 
> > >>>Hope it's ok to continue this thread, but can you 
> explain in more 
> > >>>detail how to use dd to copy a HD. I read "man dd" and was
> > >>
> > >>unable to
> > >>
> > >>>figure out how this is done.
> > >>>
> > >>>Thanks,
> > >>>Craig
> > >>>
> > >>>___
> > >>>freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list 
> > >>>http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions
> > >>>To unsubscribe, send any mail to
> > >>
> > >>"[EMAIL PROTECTED]"
> > >>
> > >>This is what I have done in the past.
> > >>
> > >>dd if=/dev/da0 of=/dev/da1 bs=8192b
> > >>
> > >>where da0 is the disk you want to copy and da1 is the new, 
> > blank disk.
> > >>I should also mention that it is wise to do this in single 
> > user mode.  
> > >>I actually have read this somewhere and understand the 
> point of it, 
> > >>but I must also say that I have done it both ways and they 
> > have both 
> > >>worked.
> > >>YMMV  I would have to say it is all dependant and what you have 
> > >>running.
> > >>
> > >>I have done this too many times to count and it is very easy.
> > >>
> > >>peace,
> > >>Bob
> > >>
> > > 
> > > 
> > > I tried this and got the following error:
> > > 
> > > ad0: FAILURE - READ_DMA status=51 
> > > error=40
> > > LBA=8387712

A couple ideas for dd:

Have you tried bs=512b ?

How about conv=noerror ?


-gayn 


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RE: Looking for recommendations for external USB2.0 tape backup

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of daniel
> Sent: Friday, October 14, 2005 12:20 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Looking for recommendations for external USB2.0 tape backup
> 
> 
> My boss has asked me to try to find a tape-backup solution 
> for our largely 
> FreeBSD network of machines and I'm not having a lot of luck, 
> so I was hoping 
> for some enlightend pointers from the list.
> 
> We need the following features:
>   20GB+ capacity
>   USB 2.0
>   External
>   < $600CDN
> 
> Unfortunately, I've only been able to find two drives that fit our 
> requirements, one from Ceterance:
>   http://www.certance.com/products/travan/travan40/STT6401U2-SST
> the other from HP who claims that theirs only works with 
> HP-UX.  Does anyone 
> know if (a) either of those units play nice with FreeBSD?  or 
> (b) if there 
> are other tape backup solutions available?
> 
> Thanks for any insight.

Have you considered an external USB2.0 hard drive?  I love my Maxtor One
Touch.  On nextag.com I see a 300GB for $218 USD at Newegg.  It may be
worth rethinking your backup and archiving strategies.  (I use removable
hard drives for archiving, but that's another story...)

-gayn


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RE: Restoring Data from a DD image

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: Bill Schmitt (SW) [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Thursday, October 06, 2005 1:16 PM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Subject: Re: Restoring Data from a DD image
> 
> 
> Gayn Winters wrote:
> 
> >>-Original Message-
> >>From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> >>[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> >>Bill Schmitt (SW)
> >>Sent: Thursday, October 06, 2005 11:11 AM
> >>To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >>Subject: Restoring Data from a DD image
> >>
> >>
> >>I've just replaced a hard disk that was dying fast. I've 
> done a full 
> >>installation of 4.9 (later releases won't install, which I've 
> >>submitted 
> >>a problem report on already). The old disk is connected but 
> >>not mounted. 
> >>Searching around, I found some suggestions to try to read the 
> >>old disk 
> >>to restore what I can and I used dd to copy what could be found (dd 
> >>-if=/dev/ad0s1e of=/usr/olddsk/oldimag.dmg 
> conv=noerror,sync) and it 
> >>seems to have copied the file. Now, I'm a little stuck. Can 
> >>someone help 
> >>me understand how do I mount that image somewhere to browse 
> >>it and copy 
> >>what I can from it? If I'm not going about this the right way, I'd 
> >>appreciate other suggestions
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >
> >I'm a little confused:
> > 
> >Did you try to copy (dd) the old disk before you did a new install?  
> >If so, to where?
> >
> >Is /dev/ad0 your new disk with the fresh 4.9 installation on 
> ad0s1? Or
> >did you just add a new disk as /dev/ad1 and did the fresh install on
> >ad1s1?
> >
> >Is your unmounted old disk /dev/ad0 or /dev/ad1 now?
> >
> >I'm guessing that ad1 is your new install, ad0 is not 
> mounted, and you
> >were able to copy ad0s1e to oldimag.dmg with the above dd 
> command.  If
> >so, continue. If not, send a correction.
> >
> >Why not try 
> >   mount -r -t ufs /usr/olddsk/oldimag.dmg /mnt
> >   cd /mnt
> >   ls
> >
> >I ***think*** mount will do this.  If not, try dd'ing 
> oldimag.dmg to a
> >spare slice, e.g. if you created /tmp as /dev/ad1s1e, then you could
> >   dd if=/usr/olddsk/oldimag.dmg of=/dev/ad1s1e
> >   cd /tmp
> >   ls
> >
> >Good luck!
> >
> >-gayn
> >

> Sorry, when I first decided to try FreeBSD, I had a 4.7GB as 
> the primary 
> on ad0 and moved usr to ad1 when I added the drive that 
> ultimately went 
> bad (a 60GB) as ad1. When I had to do a full installation 
> again, I put a 
> new drive (80GB) into place where the 4.7GB drive was and 
> started from 
> scratch with ad1 disabled. So, now I'm booting from the new drive and 
> have used dd to copy whatever is found on the damaged ad1 to 
> an image on 
> ad0. It's after that I get stuck. I've looked at the man page 
> for mount, 
> but  I haven't seen anything specific to an image. I tried your 
> suggested mount command, but it responded "Block device required". I 
> suppose I can try to dd back to the 4.7GB drive that I would 
> now mount 
> as ad1. We'll see what happens.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Bill
> 

As Joe S suggests, use mdconfig or vnconfig to create the block device,
then mount works. (I tried it with mdconfig using 5.4.) Dd'ing to a
spare slice or partition will surely work as well.  

-gayn


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RE: Restoring Data from a DD image

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Bill Schmitt (SW)
> Sent: Thursday, October 06, 2005 11:11 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Subject: Restoring Data from a DD image
> 
> 
> I've just replaced a hard disk that was dying fast. I've done a full 
> installation of 4.9 (later releases won't install, which I've 
> submitted 
> a problem report on already). The old disk is connected but 
> not mounted. 
> Searching around, I found some suggestions to try to read the 
> old disk 
> to restore what I can and I used dd to copy what could be found (dd 
> -if=/dev/ad0s1e of=/usr/olddsk/oldimag.dmg conv=noerror,sync) and it 
> seems to have copied the file. Now, I'm a little stuck. Can 
> someone help 
> me understand how do I mount that image somewhere to browse 
> it and copy 
> what I can from it? If I'm not going about this the right way, I'd 
> appreciate other suggestions
> 

I'm a little confused:
 
Did you try to copy (dd) the old disk before you did a new install?  
If so, to where?

Is /dev/ad0 your new disk with the fresh 4.9 installation on ad0s1? Or
did you just add a new disk as /dev/ad1 and did the fresh install on
ad1s1?

Is your unmounted old disk /dev/ad0 or /dev/ad1 now?

I'm guessing that ad1 is your new install, ad0 is not mounted, and you
were able to copy ad0s1e to oldimag.dmg with the above dd command.  If
so, continue. If not, send a correction.

Why not try 
   mount -r -t ufs /usr/olddsk/oldimag.dmg /mnt
   cd /mnt
   ls

I ***think*** mount will do this.  If not, try dd'ing oldimag.dmg to a
spare slice, e.g. if you created /tmp as /dev/ad1s1e, then you could
   dd if=/usr/olddsk/oldimag.dmg of=/dev/ad1s1e
   cd /tmp
   ls

Good luck!

-gayn


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Nessus no longer open source

[Gayn Winters]

One of the highest rated open source security programs, nessus, will no
longer be open source.  Quoting from an email from Renaud Deraison
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> to [EMAIL PROTECTED],

"Nessus 3 will be available free of charge, including on the Windows  
platform, but will not be released under the GPL.

"Nessus 3 will be available for many platforms, but do understand that  
we won't be able to support every distribution / operating system  
available. I also understand that some free software advocates won't  
want to use a binary-only Nessus 3. This is why Nessus 2 will  
continue to be maintained and will stay under the GPL."

I'm not sure if Nessus 3 will be supported as a FreeBSD package.

Apparently the folks at Tenable feel that they have been supporting the
open source community but have been getting little back in plug-ins and
vulnerabilities and virtually nothing back on the scanning engine for
over six years. In fact, they have been slowly tightening their
licensing (cf.
http://mail.nessus.org/pipermail/nessus/2005-January/msg00185.html), and
it would appear that they can and will continue to tighten it over time.

Fyodor's analysis
(http://seclists.org/lists/nmap-hackers/2005/Oct-Dec/.html) is that
the open source community should take heed.  He provides a list of ways
to contribute to open source software projects.  While the list is
excellent, there are no new ideas in it.  The thing that seems germane
to the FreeBSD community is that ports, even extremely popular ones, are
vulnerable, since under the GPL the AUTHOR of the code is not bound by
the same restrictions that the users are.  I'm not a lawyer, but as I
understand it, the author can create a derived work of something under
the GPL and license the derived work (a "rewrite" in the case of nessus
3) and arbitrarily restrict it.  Given Renaud's claim that no one
contributed to the scanning engine, he seems to have every right to
create a new and closed version of it.

The moral here, if there is one, is that if you really like a port, then
you should contribute to it one way or another!

Comments?

-gayn
 


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RE: Problems with SATA drive on a Shuttle

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Sent: Wednesday, October 05, 2005 4:37 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Problems with SATA drive on a Shuttle
> 
> 
> Hi. 
> I'm having problems with FBSD 5.4-S on a machine I built. 
> It is a Shuttle XPC with SATA150 drives. 
> 
> This is typical of the messages I get: 
> initiate_write_filepage: already started 
> ad5: WARNING no status, reselecting device 
> ad5: timeout sending command=ca 
> ad5: error issuing WRITE_DMA command 
> 
> I found some hits on the mailing list indicating a possible hardware 
> problem. 
> I have replaced both SATA drives and switched the SATA 
> connections from 
> the secondary socket to the primary socket. 
> (The drive controller is built into the motherboard.) 
> This happens on both drives but the one with the / filesystem is hit 
> harder with this. 
> I have swap partitions on both drives. 
> Nothing has helped. 
> 
> I'm considering installing Suse Linux on the machine to see 
> of it is a 
> software problem with FreeBSD. 
> I've also thought about trying one of the 6.0-BETAs to see if that 
> makes a difference. 
> 
> Any ideas would be welcome. 
> Thanks...

It does matter what controller you have on your m'board.  See man ata.

Also, 6.0 is far better than 5.4 IMHO for this support at least.

-gayn


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RE: Sata drives and FBSD

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Steve Bertrand
> Sent: Wednesday, October 05, 2005 7:45 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Sata drives and FBSD
> 
> 
> Hi all,
> 
> I have had an issue (as many others have) trying to get 
> STABLE, or even CURRENT running on a box with an ICH6R RAID
controller.
> 
> After install (which appears to be successful), when I reboot it just
> sits there with a blinking cursor in the top left of the screen.
> 
> I've tried this numerous times over the past couple months to no
avail.
> 
> Today, I tried another box using a 200GB Sata drive w/o RAID, and the
> exact same thing happens.
> 
> I've tried all manner of things to no avail. If someone can shed some
> light on this issue, I would most appreciate it.
> 
> Tks,
> 
> Steve
> 

ICH6R isn't supported under 5.4, at least with hardware RAID.  You could
try the newest 6.0 stable.  See man ata.

On the other hand, I seem to recall getting ICH6R to run without RAID
under 5.4.  You might want to publish a dmesg.
 
Regards,

-gayn


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RE: server reboots every 9 hrs like clock-work

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Jason Lieurance
> Sent: Tuesday, September 27, 2005 9:57 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: server reboots every 9 hrs like clock-work
> 
> 
> Kris Kennaway said:
> 
> > Check power supply, CPU cooling, try putting it behind a UPS in case
> > your AC power is dropping out (e.g. due to increased load from
> > something kicking in every 9 hours, etc).
> 
> I will check PS and cooling. It's on a good apc ups so that's 
> not it. Also, forget 9
> hrs, it just rebooted 2 with in 10 minutes.
> -- 
> Jason

Well, something is dying...  You are doing regular backups, aren't you?
:>)

-gayn


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RE: boot on CD?

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Michael W. Holdeman
> Sent: Monday, September 26, 2005 7:45 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: boot on CD?
> 
> 
> OK so my proliant 3000 server will not boot to the ide HD that I have 
> successfully loaded FreeBSD 6 beta on 3 times. So what if (and most 
> improtantly HOW) I create a CD with the / and /etc on it that 
> would get the 
> kernel, and the config files from /etc, then once the kernel 
> finds the ide 
> hd, the /usr and /home could stay on teh HD?
> 
> Does this make any sense? I just want to boot the 3000 far 
> enough for it to 
> recognize the ide HD and then switch to it for the rest. And 
> it does find it 
> when it shows the drives during the boot sequence with the 
> install CD in.
> 
> Mike

While there are many notes on creating your own distribution disk, it is
probably easier just to figure out why you can't boot from the HDD.  How
about giving us both a dmesg and an fdisk report?

-gayn


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RE: can not mount a large FAT32 filesystem

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Mikhail Teterin
> Sent: Sunday, September 25, 2005 5:54 PM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Subject: can not mount a large FAT32 filesystem
> 
> 
> Hello!
> 
> I have a 4Gb flash-card with FAT32 filesystem. Whenever I try to mount
> it (on 5.x and 4.x) I get:
> 
>   msdos: /dev/da0s1: Invalid argument
> 
> and the kernel complains:
> 
>   da0: reading primary partition table: error reading fsbn 0
>   mountmsdosfs(): bad FAT32 filesystem
> 
> The method works with smaller cards in the same card-reader. This card
> works fine inside the camera, and I can get the pictures via. PTP
> protocol using gphoto.
> 
> Fdisk da0 says:
> 
>   *** Working on device /dev/da0 ***
>   parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are:
>   cylinders=7936 heads=16 sectors/track=63 (1008 blks/cyl)
> 
>   Figures below won't work with BIOS for partitions not in cyl 1
>   parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are:
>   cylinders=7936 heads=16 sectors/track=63 (1008 blks/cyl)
> 
>   Media sector size is 512
>   Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1
>   Information from DOS bootblock is:
>   The data for partition 1 is:
>   sysid 12,(DOS or Windows 95 with 32 bit FAT, LBA)
>   start 63, size 7998417 (3905 Meg), flag 80 (active)
>   beg: cyl 0/ head 1/ sector 1;
>   end: cyl 766/ head 15/ sector 63
>   The data for partition 2 is:
>   
>   The data for partition 3 is:
>   
>   The data for partition 4 is:
>   
> 
> Disklabel da0 says:
> 
>   # /dev/da0:
>   type: SCSI
>   disk: SanDisk 
>   label: ImageMate II
>   flags:
>   bytes/sector: 512
>   sectors/track: 63
>   tracks/cylinder: 16
>   sectors/cylinder: 1008
>   cylinders: 7936
>   sectors/unit: 7999489
>   rpm: 3600
>   interleave: 1
>   trackskew: 0
>   cylinderskew: 0
>   headswitch: 0   # milliseconds
>   track-to-track seek: 0  # milliseconds
>   drivedata: 0 
> 
>   8 partitions:
>   #size   offsetfstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
> c:  79994890unused0 0 
> # (Cyl.0 - 7936*)

Perhaps someone else can help sort this out better than I can, but I do
note that fdisk doesn't seem to be using the last (logical) cylinder,
because it reports using 7998417 + 63 = 7998480 sectors which is exactly
1008 sectors less than 7936 cylinders * 1008 sectors/cylinder = 7999488
sectors.  (Why disklabel reports one more sector 7999489 is a mystery to
me.)

Assuming your BIOS supports LBA, you could try (back up first of course)
using fdisk to rewrite the label, or use fdisk to use all the logical
cylinders on the card.  Also, since you are not trying to boot from the
card, having it marked Active is unnecessary at best.

Good luck,

-gayn


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RE: Restore System

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Cody Holland
> Sent: Wednesday, September 21, 2005 1:48 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Restore System

> I did a full backup of a server with tar using the following command:
> tar cpzf servername`date +%m%d%y`.tgz /
> 
> I'm trying to restore it on another server with the following command:
> tar -xzpf /path to backup file
> 
> The problem I'm running into is that the original system is has an IDE
> harddrive, and the new system is SCSI.  I'm getting the following
> errors:
> dev/ad0: Can't restore device node: No such file or directory
> dev/ad0s1: Can't restore device node: No such file or directory
> dev/ad0s1a: Can't restore device node: No such file or directory
> dev/ad0s1b: Can't restore device node: No such file or directory
> dev/ad0s1c: Can't restore device node: No such file or directory
> dev/ad0s1d: Can't restore device node: No such file or directory
> dev/ad0s1e: Can't restore device node: No such file or directory
> 
> Is there an easy way around this?  Any help would greatly be
> appreciated.
 
You should probably step back and tell us:
1.  What you are trying to accomplish.
2.  What hardware you have (both machines).
3.  What software you are running (uname -a).

You should probably at least reread the Handbook on devices, device
naming, backups (in particular dump and restore).

Best regards,

-gayn


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RE: Can I Rebuild / and /usr Remotely? Ideas?

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Drew Tomlinson
> Sent: Tuesday, September 20, 2005 10:01 AM
> To: FreeBSD Questions
> Subject: Can I Rebuild / and /usr Remotely? Ideas?
> 
> 
> I have a system running 5.4-STABLE.  I created a geom_stripe disk for 
> /usr.  It works fine except that upon reboot, the stripe attempts to 
> load itself twice and thus fails.  Therefore, since I have no 
> /usr, the 
> system comes up in single user mode.  At that point I can do 
> 'kldunload 
> geom_stripe' and then 'kldload geom_stripe' to get the stripe 
> built and 
> finish booting my system.  I sent a problem report describing this 
> behavior.  http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=83521  
> Please see 
> it for details.
> 
> Based upon the information in the pr, the commiter suggests 
> clearing all 
> metadata on the stripe providers and starting over.
> 
> When I built this system, I configured the disks using sysinstall.  I 
> used the "dangerously dedicated"mode just as I had when I ran the 4.x 
> series.  I suspect my problems occur because geom_stripe doesn't get 
> along well with disks that are "dangerously dedicated". 
> 
> Anyway, my system has 2 9gb drives (da0 and da1) that I wish 
> to use for 
> the main system.   I want a 500mb slice as /dev/da0s1a for 
> '/', a 500mb 
> slice as /dev/da1s1b for swap, and the rest of each drive as 
> /dev/daXs1d.  I will build my stripe with /dev/da0s1d and /dev/da1s1d 
> and mount it at /usr.  Other directories such as /var, /home, 
> etc. will 
> be symlinked to /usr/var, /usr/home, etc.
> 
> I have remote console access to this machine and want to attempt to 
> rebuild the system remotely.  If I mess up, it's not too difficult to 
> physically get to the box but I would like to avoid it if 
> possible.  I 
> have another disk on the system (ad0) that is available and 
> large enough 
> to hold the contents of both da0 and da1.  Can I backup my system, do 
> the needed operations on da0 and da1, restore da0 and da1, 
> reboot, and 
> still have a working system?  I've never used fdisk, bsdlabel, newfs, 
> and whatever else I might need from the command line.  
> Besides the man 
> pages, are there any guides for what I want to do?  Even a 
> simple "first 
> this, then this, then this" type of guide will help me get started.
> 
> I'd appreciate any help or suggestions on the best way to accomplish 
> this task.  I would also appreciate any second opinions 
> regarding other 
> ways to get geom_stripe working properly on this box.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Drew
> 

Drew,

I tend to doubt the "dangerosly dedicated" is your problem.  I'd go with
the committer's comments.  In particular, be sure to clear out the last
sector of each disk as well as the first.  The geom software uses the
last sector for its metadata.  With all my thumbs, I've gotten that last
sector corrupted before.  You can clear it using the geom tools or with
dd, but be sure to clear it!  (on both disks)

-gayn


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RE: Software RAID1

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Jason King
> Sent: Thursday, September 15, 2005 10:37 AM
> To: Jerry McAllister
> Cc: Andrea Venturoli; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Software RAID1
> 
> 
> Also, I noticed that this command:
> 
> sed -e 's/dev\/ad0/dev\/mirror\/gm0/g'  >/mnt/etc/fstab
> 
> Doesn't seem to do anything to the fstab file on the second 
> disk. Isn't it suppose to be changing something?
> 
> Jason
> 
> 
Yes, and you need to replace ad0 --> da0

-gayn


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RE: Software RAID1

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Jason King
> Sent: Thursday, September 15, 2005 10:27 AM
> To: Jerry McAllister
> Cc: Andrea Venturoli; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Software RAID1
> 
> 
> Ok, I made the correction and I'm still getting these errors:
> 
> mail# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 bs=512 count=79
> dd: /dev/da0: Operation not permitted
> mail# gmirror configure -a gm0
> mail# gmirror insert gm0 /dev/da0
> Cannot access provider da0.
> 
> You can see from the above what section I am working on. It 
> doesn't make
> sense to me. I'm following the instructions verbatim. I only 
> created one
> slice and one partition. Any other ideas?
> 
> Jason

Please post the relevant portions of dmesg so that we can see what
hardware (disks and controllers) you've got.

-gayn


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RE: ntp problem :(

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Frank Bonnet
> Sent: Thursday, September 15, 2005 7:12 AM
> To: bannour souha
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: ntp problem :(
> 
> 
> bannour souha wrote:
> >  Hello,
> > 
> >  I use a FreeBSD 5.3. I want to synchronize my 2
> > machines. I tried to connect to a ntp server, but I
> > couldn't. When I type this command "ntpdate -v
> > ntp.imag.fr", I have the following message:
> > "host found
> >  ntpdate (imag.imag.fr) : No route to host
> >  ntpdate (imag.imag.fr) : No route to host
> >  ntpdate (imag.imag.fr) : No route to host
> >  ntpdate (imag.imag.fr) : No route to host
> >  ...no server suitable for synchronization found"
> > 
> > I tried also with adding the server name to ntp.conf
> > and typing this command "/etc/rc.d/ntpdate restart",
> > but I have the same message.
> >  the ping to ntp.imag.fr responds very good
> > 
> > have you some idea? may be perhaps I have a proxy
> > , but I don't know what I must doing to synchronize my
> > machines.
> >  Can you help me please?
> > 
> >  Many thanks,
> >  Souha
> 
> the NTP server is not the cause of your problem
> it seems that *your* machine hasen't a direct
> access to the Internet. ( no route to host )
> --
> Cordialement/Regards
> Frank Bonnet

Hmm, pinging from here I see that ntp.imag.fr = imag.imag.fr =
129.80.30.1 so if you can ping that address then you have low level
connectivity.  One possibility is that something in the middle is
blocking port 37.  First do a traceroute and see what is in your route
to ntp.imag.fr.  Could one of the hops stop your ntpdate request?  E.g.
a firewall?  Are you sure that the time service is running?  Can you get
to it from another machine?  Does ntp.imag.fr require that you register
to use ntp? If so, their firewall would block you until you register.

-gayn


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RE: Software RAID1

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Jason King
> Sent: Thursday, September 15, 2005 5:16 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Software RAID1
> 
> 
> I am having trouble with THESE instructions:
> http://people.freebsd.org/~rse/mirror/
> 
> I'm trying to create a RAID1 system with FreeBSD and the instructions
> are not working. I'm getting this error:
> 
> mail# gmirror insert gm0 /dev/da0
> Cannot access provider da0.
> 
> The command is trying to add the first disk /dev/da0 to the 
> mirror gm0.
> Has anyone else had success at creating a RAID1 mirror on FreeBSD. If
> so, please let me know how you did it because these 
> instructions are not
> working at all.
> 
> Jason
> ___

Those instructions work fine, but you have to be very careful following
them.  (See below)

An alternate way to use gmirror for software mirroring as is described
in

http://dannyman.toldme.com/2005/01/24/freebsd-howto-gmirror-system/

These work fine as well.

Ralf's instructions, which you quote above, have the advantage of not
needing to go into Fixit mode using the 5.4 boot CD (hence it can be
executed remotely); however, it takes more typing and more reboots.  

If you use the latter, note that Ralf uses ATA drives ad0 and ad1, while
it looks like you may have da0 and da1.  You need to make the
appropriate transliteration ad --> da very carefully, especially in the
line for the boot loader where ad(1,a) --> da(1,a).

This latter paper also outlines how to mirror at the slice, rather than
the disk, level.

One final hint:  if you are playing around with gmirror on the same
disks, you can get into a situation where one attempt has left gmirror
information on the last sector of your disks.  This will confuse
gmirror, and you will have to load and use gmirror to clear it out.  (or
zero the entire disk with dd if=/dev/zero.) Read the man pages on
gmirror in any case!!!

Best of luck,

-gayn


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RE: Fixing a MBR (and more) that ??? trashed

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: Alex Zbyslaw [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Wednesday, September 14, 2005 1:59 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Fixing a MBR (and more) that ??? trashed
> 
> Gayn Winters wrote:
> 
> >>Alex Zbyslaw [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> >>
> >>Why do you think it's not safe to add hard drives?
> >
> >It doesn't seem "safe" if Windows blows away the multiboot MBR that
> >FreeBSD so carefully made!  Windows overwriting the MBR 
> seems to be the reason people recommend loading Windows before loading

> FreeBSD, which I do.  I just never realized that this problem would
come back 
> to bite me when I added another disk drive.
> >  
> I know of know reason why it should.  I've added disks half a dozen 
> times without blowing away any MBRs.  Even the Windows blowing away
the 
> MBR is an annoyance, not a disaster since it is easy to rewrite.  
> Whatever pickle you find yourself in seems to have to do with 
> more than just adding a disk or Windows killing your MBR.
> 
> --Alex

I certainly am willing to admit that I'm doing something stupid!
The motherboard and its BIOS are also known to be strange.

One thing to note is that if I reconfigure (fresh FBSD install), add
hardware, and then boot first into FBSD, all is well EXCEPT the boot
loader, whose prompt is:
F1 ???
F2 FreeBSD
F5 Drive 1

Default: F2

If I select F2, then I get FreeBSD.  If I select F5 I get Windows!  I.e.
F5 gives me the same slice as does F1!!!  (Drive1 is the extra IDE
drive.)  I can't blame Windows for this, since it never got booted.
Also, if FBSD gets booted first, Windows doesn't (further) corrupt the
MBR.  Incidentally, rewriting the MBR with
boot0cfg -B -o packet /dev/ad1
does not change anything.  The F5 option is still there, and it still
brings up the Windows that is on slice1.  If I add a third IDE drive,
the situation also remains the same.  In particular, I don't get an F9
option.

I'm still in a curious pickle, but at least this one isn't choking me!

Thanks again for the help!

-gayn



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RE: Fixing a MBR (and more) that ??? trashed

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: Alex Zbyslaw [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Tuesday, September 13, 2005 2:43 PM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Fixing a MBR (and more) that ??? trashed
> 
> 
> Gayn Winters wrote:
> 
> >Regarding avoidance:
> >I would still like to add additional hard drives to my dual boot
systems.
> >Is there any safe way to do this?
> >
> Why do you think it's not safe to add hard drives?

It doesn't seem "safe" if Windows blows away the multiboot MBR that
FreeBSD so carefully made!  Windows overwriting the MBR seems to be the
reason people recommend loading Windows before loading FreeBSD, which I
do.  I just never realized that this problem would come back to bite me
when I added another disk drive.  

> My own policy is to have every disk in my system capable of booting 
> FreeBSD, some more than once (mostly to allow easy upgrading between 
> major revisions, or to allow me to try out 6.X or whatever), 
> but even a disk mostly given over to , say, XP, will have a bit at the
end that 
> boots BSD.  Doesn't solve everything, but even if one disk goes 
> ka-blooey I'll be able to boot something more than a fixit 
> shell (I hope :-)).
> 
> My new policy is to have a hardcopy of fstab, df and all 
> bsdlabels for all partitions... being printed even as this email is
being sent :-)
> 
> --Alex
> 

I need to be able to operate on my clients' disks.  Sometimes I need a
tool that runs under Windows, and other times I need a tool that runs
under FBSD.  This doesn't permit adding an OS to their disks.  A
bootable external USB drive may be the ideal "Fixit" drive ...  Of
course, I'd rather figure out how not to have the problem at all!  It
would be nice if FreeBSD could write out whatever changes to the MBR and
the partition/slice tables that the new hardware required so that
Windows didn't feel obligated to "fix" things.

Thanks for the help,

-gayn


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RE: Fixing a MBR (and more) that ??? trashed

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: Alex Zbyslaw [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Tuesday, September 13, 2005 2:06 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Fixing a MBR (and more) that ??? trashed
> 
> 
> Gayn Winters wrote:
> 
> >Life was good with my dual boot w2k/fbsd system until 
> >I wanted to add another disk.  The w2k operating
> >system, when booted, saw the new hardware, "installed" it, 
> >and demanded that I reboot.  OK, but when I did, the 
> >FreeBSD boot manager was trashed. Its menu looked like:
> >
> >F1 ???
> >F2 FreeBSD
> >F5
> >Default: F#
> >
> >I could not boot either operating system. In fact the only keys that
did
> >anything were ctrl-alt-del!  I removed the new hardware and using
Fixit
> >on the 5.4 release CD, I tried 
> > boot0cfg -B ad1  
> >This recovered the boot manager, and allowed me to boot w2k, but FBSD
> >wouldn't boot.  Pressing F2 in the boot menu still did nothing.
> >  
> >
> How far into the disk was FreeBSD?  I had a similar problem until I 
> specified "-o packet"
> i.e.
> boot0cfg -B -o packet ad1
> 

Ah ha!  FreeBSD started at cylinder 41610.  Looks like I definitely 
needed the packet option.


> You could also try writing the boot manager using sysinstall/boot CD:
> 
http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=61+617364+/usr/local/www
/db/text/2005/freebsd-questions/20050626.freebsd-questions

--Alex

You know, I think I tried that, unsuccessfully.  Here are Gary's
thoughts:

> -Original Message-
> From: Gary W. Swearingen [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Tuesday, September 13, 2005 8:03 AM
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Fixing a MBR (and more) that ??? trashed
> 
> 
> "Gayn Winters" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> 
> > 2.  Was the disk label on the FreeBSD slice ad1s2 really corrupted?
> 
> Unlikely, at least until you ran sysinstall.  I've never figured out
> how it handles existing disklabels.  Badly, in my limited experience.
> Use "bsdlabel" from a rescue CD and see what you have there.  If
> you're concerned about the mount points, mount the "/" device and look
> in /etc/fstab.
> 
> > 3.  I couldn't get sysinstall to fix this mess - even though I
thought
> > it was fixing the FreeBSD partition mount points and applying a new
BSD
> > Boot Manager.  I couldn't get these "fixes" to "commit".  Can
sysinstall
> > fix this mess without reinstalling?
> 
> I'd use a rescue system -- either CD or another hard disk.
> 
> > 4.  How do I avoid this situation when I add another disk? 
> (Other than trash the w2k partition.)
> 
> I don't know about dual-booting MSFT, but you could "dd" the first
> tracks of the HDD and it's primary partitions to files on a formatted
> floppy or two for safe-keeping, before doing anything that could mess
> up the boot records.  You might want to save the first track of your
> FreeBSD primary partition too.  You can then put them (or selected
> sectors) back with "dd" from most unixy rescue OSes.

Regarding repair:

Alex (above) seemed to think sysinstall would do it, 
but I tried a couple times (reloading FreeBSD each time) 
and gave up.  Given Gary's comments, I suspect that I
corrupted the disk label on the FreeBSD partition mis-using sysinstall
somehow.

I like Gary's idea of a spare copy of the MBR saved on a floppy.
Seems like good insurance.

Regarding avoidance:
I would still like to add additional hard drives to my dual boot
systems.
Is there any safe way to do this?  

Thanks!!!

-gayn


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Fixing a MBR (and more) that ??? trashed

[Gayn Winters]

I recently installed Windows 2000 and FreeBSD 5.4 on an old HP Pavilion
XG836.  [The FreeBSD installation was a breeze (Kudos to the FBSD
hardware team), while w2k was a disaster!  But, that's another story...]
For reasons of space and cabling (it is a very small box) I put the CD
as the master and the HDD as the slave on a single IDE cable so that the
HDD was ad1.  I dual booted using the FreeBSD Boot Manager.

Life was good until I wanted to add another disk.  The w2k operating
system, when booted, saw the new hardware, "installed" it, and demanded
that I reboot.  OK, but when I did, the FreeBSD boot manager was
trashed. Its menu looked like:

F1 ???
F2 FreeBSD
F5
Default: F#

I could not boot either operating system. In fact the only keys that did
anything were ctrl-alt-del!  I removed the new hardware and using Fixit
on the 5.4 release CD, I tried 
boot0cfg -B ad1  
This recovered the boot manager, and allowed me to boot w2k, but FBSD
wouldn't boot.  Pressing F2 in the boot menu still did nothing.

Fdisk indicated that the two slices were ok, and the disklabel in
sysinstall showed that the partitions in ad1s2 were fine, but the
mounting information was apparently gone.  If I went into Fixit,
disklabel (bsdlabel) indicated that the label on ad1s2 was bad.  I was a
little surprised, since I assumed (perhaps incorrectly) that all the
corruption that w2k caused was in the Master Boot Record. I tried fixing
it with the disklabel in sysinstall without luck.  Back in Fixit mode, I
could execute bsdlabel -w ad1s2, I couldn't get bsdlabel -e ad1s2 to
work since I couldn't get an editor to run.  EDITOR was /mnt/stand/vi,
which didn't work and blanking EDITOR didn't work either.  Reinstalling
FreeBSD brought everything back.

Questions:
1.  What did/do I need to do to completely fix the Master Boot Record?
(Short of reinstalling FreeBSD!)
2.  Was the disk label on the FreeBSD slice ad1s2 really corrupted?  If
so, I tend to doubt that w2k did it; hence, the culprit would be ... me!
What did I do?
3.  I couldn't get sysinstall to fix this mess - even though I thought
it was fixing the FreeBSD partition mount points and applying a new BSD
Boot Manager.  I couldn't get these "fixes" to "commit".  Can sysinstall
fix this mess without reinstalling?
4.  How do I avoid this situation when I add another disk? (Other than
trash the w2k partition.)

TIA,

-gayn





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RE: Interests in *BSD

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Maxime Paquin
> Sent: Wednesday, September 07, 2005 4:14 PM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Interests in *BSD
> 
> 
> Hello, I am part of a LUG or Linux Users Group at my school. 
> Our goal is to 
> help spread free and open source software and operating 
> systems. We are also 
> doing some kind of demonstrations where we install *Nix 
> distributions and 
> show how to use them. The point is, we don't have broadband 
> access and can't 
> download whole distros. What I (speaking for my LUG) would 
> like to know, is 
> if you could send us at least one copy of FreeBSD and/or 
> OpenBSD and/or 
> NetBSD. We aren't asking for a lot, only a copy would be 
> enough since we 
> could pass it to each other so everybody can try it and 
> understand how it 
> works.
> 
> If you are interested in sending us a copy of a *BSD, please 
> send it to:
> 
> Maxime Paquin - Valleyfield LUG
> 149 Armand Ouest, Valleyfield
> Quebec, Canada
> J6S 2L4
> 
> Thank you very much in advance,
> 
> Maxime Paquin

Maxime,

It looks like your user group needs a steady stream of CDs for multiple
releases of multiple operating systems. In addition, you'll also need
access to applications, drivers, etc.  My suggestion would be to focus
on how to get reasonable speed access to the Internet. 

The local user groups around here (Southern California) beg and borrow
facilities for meetings at local universities and companies that are
willing to let them plug into their local area network and use their
Internet connection (at least during meetings).  If your LUG had a web
page, you could provide a 'thank you' link to your sponsors' web site in
trade for such usage.  You might exchange such ads for other forms of
sponsorship as well.

Even if driving into Montreal is too far, I'll bet you can find computer
clubs (or even friendly professors) in the universities there that would
help you out as well.  Invite them as speakers...

Finally, your club might consider building and selling PC's (with
various *nix operating systems of course).  If you sold one a month,
you'd probably make enough for a great internet connection!  (The
initial capital to get started could come from "deposits or down
payments" ...)

Good luck,

-gayn



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RE: port scanning and hidden servers

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Boris Karloff
> Sent: Wednesday, September 07, 2005 8:19 AM

> I have a user on my network with a Linux box that is
> performing a port scan on all the computers in my network
> manually. He's doing this 'because he can'. Although I've
> asked him not to, he continues to do so.
> 
> 1) How can I block or inhibit port scans launched against my
> freeBSD servers from within my network?
> 
> 2) How can I 'hide' my freeBSD servers from users on the
> network? (If they can't see them, then they don't know to
> scan them.)
> 
> Thanks in advance.
> 
> Harold

1. VLAN security on a managed switch
2. TCP wrappers
3. Ipchains
4. Snort (to generate dynamic fw rules)
 
-gayn

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SCSI + IDE together

[Gayn Winters]

What does it take to be able to use a mixture of SCSI and IDE (ATA)
disks?  I'd like to be able to copy (dd) one to another.   

I'd like to be able to boot off a floppy or CD to do the disk copy, but
booting off a third hard drive would suffice.  

I do have a couple disk cloning programs, but none seems to recognize a
SCSI disk and an IDE disk simultaneously.

TIA for any help!

-gayn

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RE: POST Beep Codes on Intel motherboard ...

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of 
> Marc G. Fournier
> Sent: Friday, September 02, 2005 8:20 AM
> To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: POST Beep Codes on Intel motherboard ...
> 
> 
> 
> I'm trying to narrow a problem down with my new server, and want to 
> confirm that this makes sense ...
> 
> I have a new Intel SE7520JR2 DDR2 motherboard ... when I power up the 
> server, I get a 'BIOS Lan Console' message, then it pauses, I get 
> 'beep-pause-beepbeepbeep' and then it continues booting ...
> 
> I can get FreeBSD installed, and it boots fine ... but after 
> <60 minutes, 
> the machine hangs ...
> 
> >From searching the web, it looks like the Beep Codes 
> indicate a memory 
> issue, but I just want to double check that I'm not 
> mis-diagnosing the 
> problem :(
> 
> Thanks ...
> 
> 
> Marc G. Fournier   Hub.Org Networking Services 
(http://www.hub.org)
Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]   Yahoo!: yscrappy  ICQ:
7615664

__Since Beep codes differ from BIOS vendor to BIOS vendor, you'll have
to look them up on the appropriate BIOS vendor's web site.  Usually if
you get a beep code from the BIOS, you won't boot at all; thus your
beeps might be from another source, e.g. firmware on a net or raid card.
Of course, then, you go to that vendor's web site.

-gayn


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RE: Booting FreeBSD over network or serial links?

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of iv gan
> Sent: Thursday, August 25, 2005 2:49 AM
> To: Glenn Dawson
> Cc: Sarath Kamisetty; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Booting FreeBSD over network or serial links?
> 
> 
> If your don't have pxe on your motherboard try the Etherboot.
> www.etherboot.org
> 
> greets
> 
> On 8/25/05, Glenn Dawson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > At 05:54 PM 8/24/2005, Sarath Kamisetty wrote:
> > >Hi,
> > >
> > >I have two PCs, one with linux installed and another one 
> is a old PC.
> > >I would like use my linux pc to make modifications to freebsd code
> > >base and then test it on my old PC. After compiling 
> freebsd image on
> > >my linux pc, how do I boot this image on my old PC ? Is 
> there a cost
> > >effective way of doing this without using floppies or CDs which is
> > >time consuming ? Can I run some special image on my old PC 
> to let it
> > >fetch the newly compiled image everytime ?? Does anyone 
> have this kind
> > >of setup ? Can I setup a console server for cheap and 
> acheive this ?
> > >Please share your thoughts on this.
> > 
> > If you have an intel NIC which supports PXE, you can boot 
> the machine
> > from a kernel that's on another machine and shared by NFS or
> > tftp.  Take a look at the man page for pxeboot(8), as well as the
> > development(7) man page for some good info.
> > 
> > -Glenn

If you want a single ethernet cable between the two PC's you'll need to
make or buy a cross-over cable.
http://www.makeitsimple.com/how-to/dyi_crossover.htm

-gayn


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RE: Illegal access attempt - FreeBSD 5.4 Release - please advise

[Gayn Winters]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Michael Dale
> Sent: Wednesday, August 24, 2005 4:40 AM
> To: Hornet
> Cc: ro ro; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
> Subject: Re: Illegal access attempt - FreeBSD 5.4 Release - 
> please advise
> 
> 
> >Also, most if not all of the blocks below are Asia netblocks that I
> >have had more then 3 attempts to gain access to my servers.
> >
> >220.0.0.0/8
> >202.0.0.0/7
> >134.208.0.0/16
> >218.0.0.0/8
> >210.0.0.0/7
> >221.0.0.0/8
> >219.0.0.0/8
> >195.116.0.0/16
> >59.0.0.0/8
> >195.133.91.0/24
> >222.0.0.0/8
> >
> >  
> >
> Not always a good idea. A lot of Australian users have been having
> issues because of people doing this. More info here:
> http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies.cfm?t=324246#r2
> 

Such automated blocking is becoming common in the better Intrusion
Detection Systems, which talk to their associated firewalls.  If you are
creating what is effectively a simple IDS, here are a couple thoughts:

First, blocking reserved areas of the IP space seems a little different
than fighting malicious hackers and spammers, but in either case, see
(ii) below.

Second, if someone legitimate is being blocked, they'll probably call
you. You can put an earlier rule in the firewall to let them in. If you
are running an ecommerce site, you might not want to block half the
world; invest in a more powerful firewall/IDS combination.  See (iii)
below.

Third, if you are automating the creation of your blocks (a good idea)
then you could also do the following:
(i) create blocks as narrow as possible given the attacks.  First block
the IP address, then if several nearby addresses attack, block that
subnet, etc.
(ii) allow the blocks to time-out after a while (as many IDS blocks do).
If (i) turns them back on, then increase the length of the time-out.
(iii) review your blocks every now and then either by reviewing your
firewall logs or by having your (perl?) program check if (ii) turns off
a block only to have (i) turn it on again of if it never cycles.

BTW, our firewall blocks so many attacks per minute that its
multi-colored console display is better than a soap opera!

-gayn


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