SU+J hard recovery failure

2013-03-27 Thread David Demelier
Hello folks,

Yesterday I had a panic on my laptop. Unfortunately the SU+J was not
able to recovery the file system, the error was something like :

Unknown error: Help!
Could not find directory 9854215

And it went to the single user mode, I needed to fsck_ufs manually to
recover the disk. What afraid me is what if happens on a headless
machine? It will be hard to recover.

Regards,

--
Demelier David
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libstdc++ not found by clang and base ld on 9-STABLE when building cmake c++ project

2013-03-27 Thread Jakub Lach
Hello, 

I'm not sure if this is right list, but has anything recently changed which
could
explain why cmake c++ project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/gemrb/)
started to fail upon linking stage (looking like libstdc++ is not included
/usr/include/c++/4.2/)?

It works normally if passed gcc48 as compiler which subsequently uses (ld)
binutils 
from ports and relevant libstdc++.

I have in src.conf-

WITH_CLANG_IS_CC=true
WITHOUT_GCC=true
WITHOUT_CLANG_FULL=true

This project was routinely building with clang for me just fine earlier
(as well as with gcc47 if told so). 

I even checked some ancient git tags and I'm positive it's some change in 
system, as they failed in the same way (no libstdc++ when linking).



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Re: libstdc++ not found by clang and base ld on 9-STABLE when building cmake c++ project

2013-03-27 Thread Jakub Lach
Apart from it, clang looks _very_ c++ capable, as in building
boost and rebuilding os (itself) normally, so it doesn't look broken
from this point. 

Just after some rebuild of OS (1-2 weeks ago?) This on git project 
started to fail upon linking.



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Re: FreeBSD 9.1 excessive memory allocations

2013-03-27 Thread Ian Lepore
On Tue, 2013-03-26 at 11:35 -0700, Unga wrote:
 Hi all
 
 
 I have a heavily threaded C application, developed on an Intel Core i5 laptop 
 (2 cores) running FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE.
 
 When this application compile and run on another Intel Core i7 laptop (4 
 cores) running FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE, this application immediately starts 
 grabbing memory by over 100MB per second and soon exit with not enough RAM.
 
 
 Both laptops having 4GB RAM.
 
 All malloc and free are mutex locked.
 
 Very rarely this problem happens on the i5 (2 cores) laptop too, but on the 
 i7 laptop, it happens every time.
 
 Appreciate any feedback to identify and fix this issue.
 
 Best regards
 Unga
 

Too many moving parts, you need to partition the problem.  Is it the
change in OS (and especially libraries) that causes the problem, or the
change in the number of cores (more concurrent threads) is exposing some
sort of application-side race condition?  Given the fact that it does
occur on 2 cores + freebsd 8.1, even if more rarely, it's almost surely
an application problem.  

Perhaps you could use a tool such as valgrind to help track down the
runaway allocations?

Another way to expose thread race problems is to force more thread
context switches.  A blunt tool for doing so is to set hz=5000 or even
higher in /boot/loader.conf.  I've never done that on a desktop or
laptop system, only on embedded systems, but it should still work okay.
If changing the application code is easier, you can get a similar effect
by creating a thread whose only job is to preempt other threads, by
using rtprio_thread() to set it to real time priority, then just have it
sleep for short random intervals (microseconds), all it does is wakes up
and goes right back to sleep.

Also, FYI, there's no need to use a mutex in your application to protect
allocations.  The memory allocator in libc is thread-safe, and in fact
is particularly designed for efficient multi-threaded allocation.

-- Ian


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Re: FreeBSD 9.1 excessive memory allocations

2013-03-27 Thread Jeremy Chadwick
On Wed, Mar 27, 2013 at 08:06:10AM -0600, Ian Lepore wrote:
 On Tue, 2013-03-26 at 11:35 -0700, Unga wrote:
  Hi all
  
  
  I have a heavily threaded C application, developed on an Intel Core i5 
  laptop (2 cores) running FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE.
  
  When this application compile and run on another Intel Core i7 laptop (4 
  cores) running FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE, this application immediately starts 
  grabbing memory by over 100MB per second and soon exit with not enough RAM.
  
  
  Both laptops having 4GB RAM.
  
  All malloc and free are mutex locked.
  
  Very rarely this problem happens on the i5 (2 cores) laptop too, but on the 
  i7 laptop, it happens every time.
  
  Appreciate any feedback to identify and fix this issue.
  
  Best regards
  Unga
  
 
 Too many moving parts, you need to partition the problem.  Is it the
 change in OS (and especially libraries) that causes the problem, or the
 change in the number of cores (more concurrent threads) is exposing some
 sort of application-side race condition?  Given the fact that it does
 occur on 2 cores + freebsd 8.1, even if more rarely, it's almost surely
 an application problem.  
 
 Perhaps you could use a tool such as valgrind to help track down the
 runaway allocations?
 
 Another way to expose thread race problems is to force more thread
 context switches.  A blunt tool for doing so is to set hz=5000 or even
 higher in /boot/loader.conf.  I've never done that on a desktop or
 laptop system, only on embedded systems, but it should still work okay.
 If changing the application code is easier, you can get a similar effect
 by creating a thread whose only job is to preempt other threads, by
 using rtprio_thread() to set it to real time priority, then just have it
 sleep for short random intervals (microseconds), all it does is wakes up
 and goes right back to sleep.
 
 Also, FYI, there's no need to use a mutex in your application to protect
 allocations.  The memory allocator in libc is thread-safe, and in fact
 is particularly designed for efficient multi-threaded allocation.

Thank you Ian -- you've covered nearly all of the points I wanted to
mention in a reply, but opted to not send it (one of those after I
read it I had second thoughts situations).

For the OP:

I *strongly* recommend ports/devel/valgrind as mentioned.  It can be a
little bit daunting getting started with it (okay, wow, what am I doing
with this thing?), but it's very useful for situations exactly like
this.  There's lots of random tidbits of info on it on the web too.

If the issue turns out to be something in userland (library-wise) or the
kernel, there are FreeBSD.org people who can help with those (I can
think of 4 off the top of my head right now).  They can be CC'd if
things get to that point, but exhaust other avenues first.  It would
also be wise, at that time, if you could make the source to the
application available, that would probably help folks narrow down what's
happening -- otherwise they'll be forced to rely entirely on claims like
it *should* be behaving like this, which isn't necessarily the same
thing as how the underlying code bits actually behave.

My impression as of this writing, is that the problem is in the
application.  If FreeBSD 9.1 had major problems with memory leaks in
userland threaded apps, I'd expect it would have been discovered by now;
that said, there is always the chance there is a bug somewhere outside
of your application code, it just seems slim.

-- 
| Jeremy Chadwick   j...@koitsu.org |
| UNIX Systems Administratorhttp://jdc.koitsu.org/ |
| Mountain View, CA, US|
| Making life hard for others since 1977. PGP 4BD6C0CB |
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Re: FreeBSD 9.1 excessive memory allocations [SOLVED]

2013-03-27 Thread Unga


- Original Message -

 From: Ian Lepore i...@freebsd.org
 To: Unga unga...@yahoo.com
 Cc: freebsd-stable@freebsd.org freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.org
 Sent: Wednesday, March 27, 2013 2:06 PM
 Subject: Re: FreeBSD 9.1 excessive memory allocations
 
 On Tue, 2013-03-26 at 11:35 -0700, Unga wrote:
  Hi all
 
 
  I have a heavily threaded C application, developed on an Intel Core i5 
 laptop (2 cores) running FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE.
 
  When this application compile and run on another Intel Core i7 laptop (4 
 cores) running FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE, this application immediately starts 
 grabbing 
 memory by over 100MB per second and soon exit with not enough RAM.
 
 
  Both laptops having 4GB RAM.
 
  All malloc and free are mutex locked.
 
  Very rarely this problem happens on the i5 (2 cores) laptop too, but on the 
 i7 laptop, it happens every time.
 
  Appreciate any feedback to identify and fix this issue.
 
  Best regards
  Unga
 
 
 Too many moving parts, you need to partition the problem.  Is it the
 change in OS (and especially libraries) that causes the problem, or the
 change in the number of cores (more concurrent threads) is exposing some
 sort of application-side race condition?  Given the fact that it does
 occur on 2 cores + freebsd 8.1, even if more rarely, it's almost surely
 an application problem.  
 
 Perhaps you could use a tool such as valgrind to help track down the
 runaway allocations?
 
 Another way to expose thread race problems is to force more thread
 context switches.  A blunt tool for doing so is to set hz=5000 or even
 higher in /boot/loader.conf.  I've never done that on a desktop or
 laptop system, only on embedded systems, but it should still work okay.
 If changing the application code is easier, you can get a similar effect
 by creating a thread whose only job is to preempt other threads, by
 using rtprio_thread() to set it to real time priority, then just have it
 sleep for short random intervals (microseconds), all it does is wakes up
 and goes right back to sleep.
 
 Also, FYI, there's no need to use a mutex in your application to protect
 allocations.  The memory allocator in libc is thread-safe, and in fact
 is particularly designed for efficient multi-threaded allocation.
 
 -- Ian


Dear Tony, Alexander, Jan, Ian and Jeremy

Thank you very much for your very valuable comments.

Problem seems to be solved. But require more testing.

1. Fixed an application-level crucial bug. This is nearly a 7000 lines C app. 
It was really hard to see as the application is designed with 8 dedicated 
threads.

2. At run-time, this application shoots up to about 400 dynamic threads on the 
i7 machine, whereas on the i5 machine, it only shoots up 57 dynamic threads. It 
was bit scaring, therefore, made a hard limit on total number of threads to 64.

Regarding mutex locks on allocations, as per the malloc(3), it says small and 
medium size allocations are done from per thread caches, therefore, 
thread-safe. My allocations are large in nature, about 5-7MB.

Best regards
Unga
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Re: FreeBSD 9.1 excessive memory allocations [SOLVED]

2013-03-27 Thread Ronald Klop

On Wed, 27 Mar 2013 19:33:46 +0100, Unga unga...@yahoo.com wrote:




- Original Message -


From: Ian Lepore i...@freebsd.org
To: Unga unga...@yahoo.com
Cc: freebsd-stable@freebsd.org freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.org
Sent: Wednesday, March 27, 2013 2:06 PM
Subject: Re: FreeBSD 9.1 excessive memory allocations

On Tue, 2013-03-26 at 11:35 -0700, Unga wrote:

 Hi all


 I have a heavily threaded C application, developed on an Intel Core i5

laptop (2 cores) running FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE.


 When this application compile and run on another Intel Core i7 laptop  
(4
cores) running FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE, this application immediately starts  
grabbing

memory by over 100MB per second and soon exit with not enough RAM.



 Both laptops having 4GB RAM.

 All malloc and free are mutex locked.

 Very rarely this problem happens on the i5 (2 cores) laptop too, but  
on the

i7 laptop, it happens every time.


 Appreciate any feedback to identify and fix this issue.

 Best regards
 Unga



Too many moving parts, you need to partition the problem.  Is it the
change in OS (and especially libraries) that causes the problem, or the
change in the number of cores (more concurrent threads) is exposing some
sort of application-side race condition?  Given the fact that it does
occur on 2 cores + freebsd 8.1, even if more rarely, it's almost surely
an application problem.
Perhaps you could use a tool such as valgrind to help track down the
runaway allocations?

Another way to expose thread race problems is to force more thread
context switches.  A blunt tool for doing so is to set hz=5000 or even
higher in /boot/loader.conf.  I've never done that on a desktop or
laptop system, only on embedded systems, but it should still work okay.
If changing the application code is easier, you can get a similar effect
by creating a thread whose only job is to preempt other threads, by
using rtprio_thread() to set it to real time priority, then just have it
sleep for short random intervals (microseconds), all it does is wakes up
and goes right back to sleep.

Also, FYI, there's no need to use a mutex in your application to protect
allocations.  The memory allocator in libc is thread-safe, and in fact
is particularly designed for efficient multi-threaded allocation.

-- Ian



Dear Tony, Alexander, Jan, Ian and Jeremy

Thank you very much for your very valuable comments.

Problem seems to be solved. But require more testing.

1. Fixed an application-level crucial bug. This is nearly a 7000 lines C  
app. It was really hard to see as the application is designed with 8  
dedicated threads.


2. At run-time, this application shoots up to about 400 dynamic threads  
on the i7 machine, whereas on the i5 machine, it only shoots up 57  
dynamic threads. It was bit scaring, therefore, made a hard limit on  
total number of threads to 64.


Regarding mutex locks on allocations, as per the malloc(3), it says  
small and medium size allocations are done from per thread caches,  
therefore, thread-safe. My allocations are large in nature, about 5-7MB.


The per thread caches are for speed. Not for thread-safety.

Ronald.
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Re: FreeBSD 9.1 excessive memory allocations [SOLVED]

2013-03-27 Thread Ian Lepore
On Wed, 2013-03-27 at 11:33 -0700, Unga wrote:
 
 - Original Message -
 
  From: Ian Lepore i...@freebsd.org
  To: Unga unga...@yahoo.com
  Cc: freebsd-stable@freebsd.org freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.org
  Sent: Wednesday, March 27, 2013 2:06 PM
  Subject: Re: FreeBSD 9.1 excessive memory allocations
  
  On Tue, 2013-03-26 at 11:35 -0700, Unga wrote:
   Hi all
  
  
   I have a heavily threaded C application, developed on an Intel Core i5 
  laptop (2 cores) running FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE.
  
   When this application compile and run on another Intel Core i7 laptop (4 
  cores) running FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE, this application immediately starts 
  grabbing 
  memory by over 100MB per second and soon exit with not enough RAM.
  
  
   Both laptops having 4GB RAM.
  
   All malloc and free are mutex locked.
  
   Very rarely this problem happens on the i5 (2 cores) laptop too, but on 
  the 
  i7 laptop, it happens every time.
  
   Appreciate any feedback to identify and fix this issue.
  
   Best regards
   Unga
  
  
  Too many moving parts, you need to partition the problem.  Is it the
  change in OS (and especially libraries) that causes the problem, or the
  change in the number of cores (more concurrent threads) is exposing some
  sort of application-side race condition?  Given the fact that it does
  occur on 2 cores + freebsd 8.1, even if more rarely, it's almost surely
  an application problem.  
  
  Perhaps you could use a tool such as valgrind to help track down the
  runaway allocations?
  
  Another way to expose thread race problems is to force more thread
  context switches.  A blunt tool for doing so is to set hz=5000 or even
  higher in /boot/loader.conf.  I've never done that on a desktop or
  laptop system, only on embedded systems, but it should still work okay.
  If changing the application code is easier, you can get a similar effect
  by creating a thread whose only job is to preempt other threads, by
  using rtprio_thread() to set it to real time priority, then just have it
  sleep for short random intervals (microseconds), all it does is wakes up
  and goes right back to sleep.
  
  Also, FYI, there's no need to use a mutex in your application to protect
  allocations.  The memory allocator in libc is thread-safe, and in fact
  is particularly designed for efficient multi-threaded allocation.
  
  -- Ian
 
 
 Dear Tony, Alexander, Jan, Ian and Jeremy
 
 Thank you very much for your very valuable comments.
 
 Problem seems to be solved. But require more testing.
 
 1. Fixed an application-level crucial bug. This is nearly a 7000 lines C app. 
 It was really hard to see as the application is designed with 8 dedicated 
 threads.
 
 2. At run-time, this application shoots up to about 400 dynamic threads on 
 the i7 machine, whereas on the i5 machine, it only shoots up 57 dynamic 
 threads. It was bit scaring, therefore, made a hard limit on total number of 
 threads to 64.
 
 Regarding mutex locks on allocations, as per the malloc(3), it says small and 
 medium size allocations are done from per thread caches, therefore, 
 thread-safe. My allocations are large in nature, about 5-7MB.
 
 Best regards
 Unga

I think you may be reading too much into the malloc manpage.  When it
mentions the use of per-thread small-object caches to avoid locking it's
talking about performance, not thread safety.  Allocations of all sizes
are thread-safe, the library just assumes that huge allocations are rare
enough that it doesn't use extra per-thread resources to avoid locking
for them, it just uses locking for huge blocks.

-- Ian


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Any objections/comments on axing out old ATA stack?

2013-03-27 Thread Alexander Motin

Hi.

Since FreeBSD 9.0 we are successfully running on the new CAM-based ATA 
stack, using only some controller drivers of old ata(4) by having 
`options ATA_CAM` enabled in all kernels by default. I have a wish to 
drop non-ATA_CAM ata(4) code, unused since that time from the head 
branch to allow further ATA code cleanup.


Does any one here still uses legacy ATA stack (kernel explicitly built 
without `options ATA_CAM`) for some reason, for example as workaround 
for some regression? Does anybody have good ideas why we should not drop 
it now?


--
Alexander Motin
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Re: Any objections/comments on axing out old ATA stack?

2013-03-27 Thread Steve Kargl
On Wed, Mar 27, 2013 at 11:22:14PM +0200, Alexander Motin wrote:
 Hi.
 
 Since FreeBSD 9.0 we are successfully running on the new CAM-based ATA 
 stack, using only some controller drivers of old ata(4) by having 
 `options ATA_CAM` enabled in all kernels by default. I have a wish to 
 drop non-ATA_CAM ata(4) code, unused since that time from the head 
 branch to allow further ATA code cleanup.
 
 Does any one here still uses legacy ATA stack (kernel explicitly built 
 without `options ATA_CAM`) for some reason, for example as workaround 
 for some regression?

Yes, I use the legacy ATA stack.

 Does anybody have good ideas why we should not drop 
 it now?

Because it works?

-- 
Steve
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Re: Any objections/comments on axing out old ATA stack?

2013-03-27 Thread Alexander Motin

On 27.03.2013 23:32, Steve Kargl wrote:

On Wed, Mar 27, 2013 at 11:22:14PM +0200, Alexander Motin wrote:

Hi.

Since FreeBSD 9.0 we are successfully running on the new CAM-based ATA
stack, using only some controller drivers of old ata(4) by having
`options ATA_CAM` enabled in all kernels by default. I have a wish to
drop non-ATA_CAM ata(4) code, unused since that time from the head
branch to allow further ATA code cleanup.

Does any one here still uses legacy ATA stack (kernel explicitly built
without `options ATA_CAM`) for some reason, for example as workaround
for some regression?


Yes, I use the legacy ATA stack.


On 9.x or HEAD where new one is default?


Does anybody have good ideas why we should not drop
it now?


Because it works?


Any problems with new one?

--
Alexander Motin
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Re: Any objections/comments on axing out old ATA stack?

2013-03-27 Thread Freddie Cash
On Wed, Mar 27, 2013 at 2:32 PM, Steve Kargl 
s...@troutmask.apl.washington.edu wrote:

 On Wed, Mar 27, 2013 at 11:22:14PM +0200, Alexander Motin wrote:
  Hi.
 
  Since FreeBSD 9.0 we are successfully running on the new CAM-based ATA
  stack, using only some controller drivers of old ata(4) by having
  `options ATA_CAM` enabled in all kernels by default. I have a wish to
  drop non-ATA_CAM ata(4) code, unused since that time from the head
  branch to allow further ATA code cleanup.
 
  Does any one here still uses legacy ATA stack (kernel explicitly built
  without `options ATA_CAM`) for some reason, for example as workaround
  for some regression?

 Yes, I use the legacy ATA stack.

 You're missing the reason for why you're running the old ATA stack.

Do you have hardware that doesn't work with ATA_CAM?  Have you not tried
ATA_CAM on that box?  Some other reason?

-- 
Freddie Cash
fjwc...@gmail.com
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Re: Any objections/comments on axing out old ATA stack?

2013-03-27 Thread Steve Kargl
On Wed, Mar 27, 2013 at 11:35:35PM +0200, Alexander Motin wrote:
 On 27.03.2013 23:32, Steve Kargl wrote:
  On Wed, Mar 27, 2013 at 11:22:14PM +0200, Alexander Motin wrote:
  Hi.
 
  Since FreeBSD 9.0 we are successfully running on the new CAM-based ATA
  stack, using only some controller drivers of old ata(4) by having
  `options ATA_CAM` enabled in all kernels by default. I have a wish to
  drop non-ATA_CAM ata(4) code, unused since that time from the head
  branch to allow further ATA code cleanup.
 
  Does any one here still uses legacy ATA stack (kernel explicitly built
  without `options ATA_CAM`) for some reason, for example as workaround
  for some regression?
 
  Yes, I use the legacy ATA stack.
 
 On 9.x or HEAD where new one is default?

Head.

  Does anybody have good ideas why we should not drop
  it now?
 
  Because it works?
 
 Any problems with new one?
 

Last time I tested the new one, and this was several months
ago, the system (a Dell Latitude D530 laptop) would not boot.

-- 
Steve
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Re: Any objections/comments on axing out old ATA stack?

2013-03-27 Thread Alexander Motin

On 28.03.2013 00:05, Steve Kargl wrote:

On Wed, Mar 27, 2013 at 11:35:35PM +0200, Alexander Motin wrote:

On 27.03.2013 23:32, Steve Kargl wrote:

On Wed, Mar 27, 2013 at 11:22:14PM +0200, Alexander Motin wrote:

Hi.

Since FreeBSD 9.0 we are successfully running on the new CAM-based ATA
stack, using only some controller drivers of old ata(4) by having
`options ATA_CAM` enabled in all kernels by default. I have a wish to
drop non-ATA_CAM ata(4) code, unused since that time from the head
branch to allow further ATA code cleanup.

Does any one here still uses legacy ATA stack (kernel explicitly built
without `options ATA_CAM`) for some reason, for example as workaround
for some regression?


Yes, I use the legacy ATA stack.


On 9.x or HEAD where new one is default?


Head.


Does anybody have good ideas why we should not drop
it now?


Because it works?


Any problems with new one?



Last time I tested the new one, and this was several months
ago, the system (a Dell Latitude D530 laptop) would not boot.


Probably we should just fix that. Any more info?

--
Alexander Motin
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Re: Any objections/comments on axing out old ATA stack?

2013-03-27 Thread Steve Kargl
On Thu, Mar 28, 2013 at 12:22:11AM +0200, Alexander Motin wrote:
 On 28.03.2013 00:05, Steve Kargl wrote:
 
  Last time I tested the new one, and this was several months
  ago, the system (a Dell Latitude D530 laptop) would not boot.
 
 Probably we should just fix that. Any more info?
 

I can't remember all the details.  I intended to try again
as work was being done on the new code at the time.  I 
never got around to it as my laptop worked fine with the
old code and unfortunately I got busy with work and family.
Reading the freebsd-current mailing lists suggests that 
now is not the time to be a hero.

-- 
Steve
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Re: SU+J hard recovery failure

2013-03-27 Thread Daniel O'Connor

On 27/03/2013, at 18:43, David Demelier demelier.da...@gmail.com wrote:
 Yesterday I had a panic on my laptop. Unfortunately the SU+J was not
 able to recovery the file system, the error was something like :
 
 Unknown error: Help!
 Could not find directory 9854215
 
 And it went to the single user mode, I needed to fsck_ufs manually to
 recover the disk. What afraid me is what if happens on a headless
 machine? It will be hard to recover.


For headless remote systems I use fsck_y_enable=YES.

In my experience 'fsck -y' almost invariably recovers the disk to a point where 
it can boot and then I can login remotely.

--
Daniel O'Connor software and network engineer
for Genesis Software - http://www.gsoft.com.au
The nice thing about standards is that there
are so many of them to choose from.
  -- Andrew Tanenbaum
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Re: Any objections/comments on axing out old ATA stack?

2013-03-27 Thread Adrian Chadd
My main concern with the new stuff is that it requires CAM and that's
reasonably big compared to the standalone ATA code.

It'd be nice if we could slim down the CAM stack a bit first; it makes
embedding it on the smaller devices really freaking painful.

Thanks,



adrian
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Request for heimdal update to stable/releng

2013-03-27 Thread Shane Ambler

While looking into an issue with security/heimdal I found that v1.5.2 of
heimdal has been in HEAD for 11 months and has had 2 small fixes in that
time. Now that I look at it these two fixes should probably be
duplicated to the port as well.

This update has yet to be copied down to stable or releng branches,
leaving releng with v1.1 which is over 5 years old.

The issue I found in the ports version (pr/177397) appears to still
exist in HEAD - while the hcrypto lib included is not used the man pages
are still installed. Some of these man pages have the same names as
openssl man pages. As openssl is used the hcrypto man pages don't need
to be installed.

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Re: FreeBSD 9.1 excessive memory allocations [SOLVED]

2013-03-27 Thread Unga


 

 I think you may be reading too much into the malloc manpage.  When it
 mentions the use of per-thread small-object caches to avoid locking it's
 talking about performance, not thread safety.  Allocations of all sizes
 are thread-safe, the library just assumes that huge allocations are rare
 enough that it doesn't use extra per-thread resources to avoid locking
 for them, it just uses locking for huge blocks.
 
 -- Ian


Good to note all allocations are thread safe in FreeBSD. Is it by some standard 
that malloc should be thread safe regardless the OS (BSDs, Linux, Windows, 
Android, etc)?

Unga

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