[Goanet-News] A Tribute To My First Reader (Anthony Gomes)
Anthony Gomes, MD, FACC, FAHA anthony.go...@mountsinai.org I was informed through your pages, and just yesterday by a mutual friend, the poet Ralph Nazareth, of the recent passing away of João da Veiga Coutinho at the age of 97 years. Undoubtedly, the death of a friend, a relative, a parent, a husband or wife is saddening and overwhelming; however, in João’s case, in his death we can amply celebrate his long, productive life full of humanity. João, of Margão, Goa, wore many hats in his lifetime, more than anyone I have known. He was a priest, a World War II POW camp translator, foreign correspondent, aid worker, professor, philosopher, theologian, a great conversationalist, a published author, husband and father, and a cook who could create Goan dishes with authenticity. He is survived by his wife, Barbara W. Weber, and his son Ravi. I first met João in the early 1970's in the company of his late brother, Fr. Lucio da Veiga Coutinho -- a friend of mine and my late wife Marina Flores -- who was then visiting New York, and who often consulted me regarding his heart problems. We kept in touch sporadically, and met again when Fr. Lucio had his coronary bypass surgery in the US. Many years later, I was contacted by his publisher, the poet Ralph Nazareth, professor of literature, and President of Yuganta Press, Stamford, Connecticut, who had also been the publisher of my first poetry collection, *Visions from Grymes Hill*. He kindly requested me to arrange a book reading for João's debut non-fiction book entitled *A Kind of Absence: Life in the Shadow of History*, at my home in Staten Island, New York. I was thoroughly pleased and excited to host such a celebration for João’s book. It was a wonderful affair on a spring afternoon in early June with the azaleas, rhododendrons, and roses in full bloom. The reading was attended by a host of prominent writers, of Goan and Manglorean origin, including, Dr. Jose Pereira, Dr. George Coelho, Victor Rangel Ribeiro, the poet and publisher Ralph Nazareth, and Richard Crasta, to mention but a few. Although many aspects of João’s book were controversial, particularly regarding Goan culture, the book was written in an essay style and highly provocative, reflective and meditative, inciting a lively discussion and a sense of curiosity. Some years later, a Portuguese translation of the book was published in Portugal by the Fundacão Oriente. Perhaps the best elements in the book included the theme of Absence exemplified in the loss of vital connection with the ancestral land, a recurring theme in today's globalized world, and importantly, the lack of history of one's own, since in his view it was the Portuguese who wrote their own history in the land of Goa: the Colonizer over the Colonized. In his final essay, Genesis, João writes realistically about the evolution of Goan culture: "A sense of Goanness appeared. There emerged a new interest in things Goan, Goan political and social history as distinct from the exploits of Portuguese heroes and rulers, in ancient local institutions, their evolution or erosion, family histories, and biographies of significant men... a new style of Goan architecture... a new authentically Goan cuisine, ballroom dancing and the mandó, an art song and dance which created its own choreography as well as its lyrics and music." Undoubtedly, these very elements of Goannness, or culture, outlined above are at risk of dilution and perhaps even extinction over time, and should be preserved at all costs. João lived with his family in Pennsylvania where I once spend a day with him discussing my novel, and American power and its effects on the world. Soon thereafter, João, together with his family settled in the warm and dry climate of New Mexico, when sometimes we communicated by phone. I personally owe a debt of gratitude to João since after reading just two chapters of my novel, *The Sting of Peppercorns*, he brimmed with excitement encouraging me to complete the book; he was my first reader. --Anthony Gomes, MD, FACC, FAHA -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Goanet annual year-end meet in Goa: if you're reading this, you're eligible to join us! Dec 28, 2015 @ 11 am Fundacao Oriente, Panjim Confirm your participation with a short email to goa...@goanet.org -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
[Goanet] A Tribute To My First Reader (Anthony Gomes)
Anthony Gomes, MD, FACC, FAHA anthony.go...@mountsinai.org I was informed through your pages, and just yesterday by a mutual friend, the poet Ralph Nazareth, of the recent passing away of João da Veiga Coutinho at the age of 97 years. Undoubtedly, the death of a friend, a relative, a parent, a husband or wife is saddening and overwhelming; however, in João’s case, in his death we can amply celebrate his long, productive life full of humanity. João, of Margão, Goa, wore many hats in his lifetime, more than anyone I have known. He was a priest, a World War II POW camp translator, foreign correspondent, aid worker, professor, philosopher, theologian, a great conversationalist, a published author, husband and father, and a cook who could create Goan dishes with authenticity. He is survived by his wife, Barbara W. Weber, and his son Ravi. I first met João in the early 1970's in the company of his late brother, Fr. Lucio da Veiga Coutinho -- a friend of mine and my late wife Marina Flores -- who was then visiting New York, and who often consulted me regarding his heart problems. We kept in touch sporadically, and met again when Fr. Lucio had his coronary bypass surgery in the US. Many years later, I was contacted by his publisher, the poet Ralph Nazareth, professor of literature, and President of Yuganta Press, Stamford, Connecticut, who had also been the publisher of my first poetry collection, *Visions from Grymes Hill*. He kindly requested me to arrange a book reading for João's debut non-fiction book entitled *A Kind of Absence: Life in the Shadow of History*, at my home in Staten Island, New York. I was thoroughly pleased and excited to host such a celebration for João’s book. It was a wonderful affair on a spring afternoon in early June with the azaleas, rhododendrons, and roses in full bloom. The reading was attended by a host of prominent writers, of Goan and Manglorean origin, including, Dr. Jose Pereira, Dr. George Coelho, Victor Rangel Ribeiro, the poet and publisher Ralph Nazareth, and Richard Crasta, to mention but a few. Although many aspects of João’s book were controversial, particularly regarding Goan culture, the book was written in an essay style and highly provocative, reflective and meditative, inciting a lively discussion and a sense of curiosity. Some years later, a Portuguese translation of the book was published in Portugal by the Fundacão Oriente. Perhaps the best elements in the book included the theme of Absence exemplified in the loss of vital connection with the ancestral land, a recurring theme in today's globalized world, and importantly, the lack of history of one's own, since in his view it was the Portuguese who wrote their own history in the land of Goa: the Colonizer over the Colonized. In his final essay, Genesis, João writes realistically about the evolution of Goan culture: "A sense of Goanness appeared. There emerged a new interest in things Goan, Goan political and social history as distinct from the exploits of Portuguese heroes and rulers, in ancient local institutions, their evolution or erosion, family histories, and biographies of significant men... a new style of Goan architecture... a new authentically Goan cuisine, ballroom dancing and the mandó, an art song and dance which created its own choreography as well as its lyrics and music." Undoubtedly, these very elements of Goannness, or culture, outlined above are at risk of dilution and perhaps even extinction over time, and should be preserved at all costs. João lived with his family in Pennsylvania where I once spend a day with him discussing my novel, and American power and its effects on the world. Soon thereafter, João, together with his family settled in the warm and dry climate of New Mexico, when sometimes we communicated by phone. I personally owe a debt of gratitude to João since after reading just two chapters of my novel, *The Sting of Peppercorns*, he brimmed with excitement encouraging me to complete the book; he was my first reader. --Anthony Gomes, MD, FACC, FAHA
[Goanet] Goa State Awards to Rita Rose, Joe Rose etc
Goa State Awards to Rita Rose, Joe Rose etc Goa State Cultural Awards 2015 Awards presentation at the hands of Nana Patekar (Film Actor) on 20.12.15 at Institute Menezes Braganza Hall (IMB), Panaji Goa. or visit here More updates here http://joegoauk-tiatr.blogspot.in/2015/12/goa-state-awards-to-rita-rose-joe-rose.html Pics Joe Rose Watch video below https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23511592929/in/photostream https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23251321464/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23879505135/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23797005481/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23879507575/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23771171662/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23583788700/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23583790750/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23583802090/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23853462196/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23511773009/in/photostream/ Rita Rose Watch Video below https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23853465936/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23853467396/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23511667329/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23251407764/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23251368594/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23252741953/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23583832720/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23853455446/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23879562425/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23879564885/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23511660329/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23771236632/in/photostream/ Maendra Alvares (Bigfoot/Ancestral Goa, Loutolim) https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23797026521/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23853424366/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23252719923/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23879544645/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23251363684/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23797056561/in/photostream/ Group photos Awardees, VIPs Avdhut Kamat (Drama), Ujwala Kamat Tarcar (Drama), , Pradeep Borkar (Drama), Joe Rose (Tiatr), Rita Rose (Tiatr), Dilip Borkar (Literature), Gurunath V Naik (Literature), Rajendra Singbal (indian Music), Leopoldina Figueiredo (Western Music), Radhakrishna V Shetye (Bhajan), Shiva A Tamhankar (Bhajan), Maendra Alvares (Fine Art/Craft). Best Cultural Institution award to Goa Cultural & Social Centre, Panaji https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23797226451/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23252924623/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23797046741/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23771388362/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23511821339/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23853628716/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23771403872/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23797243561/in/photostream/ Nana Patekar https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23797133641/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23771299972/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23771254762/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23771302392/in/photostream/ Leopoldina Figueiredo https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23251411554/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23771261472/in/photostream/ Dilip Borkar https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23252875763/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23252879183/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23797194761/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23853598366/in/photostream/ Stage etc https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23511695349/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23584024050/in/photostream/ Audience, Hall >From the rear view https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23252810143/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23853522876/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23853529036/in/photostream/ Front View with some awardees https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauktiatr16/23251426814/in/photostream/
[Goanet] Cyril Almeida in TOI: "there’s intellectual vibrancy in Goa’
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Beach-life-is-a-preconceived-notion-theres-intellectual-vibrancy-in-Goa/articleshow/50164670.cms Pakistani journalist of Goan origin, Cyril Almeida, has come a long way from his home in Islamabad, crossing Wagah, to India from Atari, Amritsar, then to Mumbai via Delhi until finally landing in Goa. He undertook the tediously long journey and abided by the staunch imposition of a city-specific visa to be part of the Goa arts and literary festival (GALF) for the third consecutive year. "People in Goa are very kind and have great interest to know what Pakistan is like," he said. The Almeidas moved to pre-partition Pakistan when Karachi was part of the Bombay presidency. When the partition took place, 30 years later, the family decided to stay on as there was a thriving Goan community in Karachi. "That is how the origins of Goans in Pakistan began," he said. Although this is Almeida's third visit to Goa, the rest of his family are visiting the sunny state for the first time ever. "They are very excited to be here," he confessed. Almeida, who speaks impeccable English and Urdu says that he doesn't know Konkani, but finds familiarities in the linguistic skills of the locals. "The accent, expressions and pronunciations of the Goan vernacular sound very familiar to my ear. Two generations ago, people would either speak Konkani or be familiar with it, but, now we largely speak Pakistani English," he said. Asked what his preconceived notions of Goa were, he said, "I had heard of two Goas; one of the party and beach life and the other of the traditional life which revolves around the community and Catholic Church. On first coming here, what struck me was that people have a thoroughly modern, sophisticated and international lives in Goa and there is an intellectual vibrancy out here." Thus instead of getting a culture shock, Almeida experienced a "culture familiarity". "Some of the cuisine is thoroughly recognizable to what my grandmother used to cook, like the fish and prawn curries, traditional dried seafood etc. Familiarity with the traditional names of these dishes had slipped with the passage of time, but the taste continues to remain the same." He further added that he takes home the Goan rechado masala on each visit. Asked about the minority communities in Pakistan, Almeida said that the precise figure of the Pakistani population is unclear as they haven't had a census since 1998. It could be roughly about 200 million people of which 98% are Muslims and the rest form the minority. "The minorities are spread out in various parts of the country. Hindus tend to be concentrated in Sindh and Christians in Punjab while some Parsis are in Karachi." Though the older generation of Goans in Pakistan still visits Goa for the feast of St Francis Xavier, most of the younger generation have moved out and settled in western nations. "People are still trying to hang on to their cultural past but it's hard with the shrinking population." he said. -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Goanet annual year-end meet in Goa: if you're reading this, you're eligible to join us! Dec 28, 2015 @ 11 am Fundacao Oriente, Panjim Confirm your participation with a short email to goa...@goanet.org -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
[Goanet] Isn?t Liberation a cruel joke when Goa is in chains?
Goa is today faced by a rule of scoundrels. Divided by religion there is no future in a place which is now like the Cuba of Fulgencio Batista ie.: a land of putaria. Shame on those who call it liberation. BC Don't understand the significance of a question mark. The state of Goa today doesn't need to be seen through a keyhole. It should be an assertion that Goa's Liberation has become sour for many Goans. It isn't that all Goans have benefitted from Liberation. Just as there are the "spoils of war", there are "spoils of Liberation". Goans are in charge of their destiny. There are some Catholic miisters in the government, if one wants to pin down the government for pushing its Hinduvta agenda. If Goa is falling apart, as one is led to believe, it is the unmaking of Goa by those who care a damn. Is Liberation to be blamed for it? Liberation wasn't an illusion. It was blood and bravery. People laid down their lives. Those who fought for it, fought for an ideal. What became of India? What has become of Goa? Progress yes, and, at the same time, worse things that effect the livelihood of Goans. Eugene -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Goanet annual year-end meet in Goa: if you're reading this, you're eligible to join us! Dec 28, 2015 @ 11 am Fundacao Oriente, Panjim Confirm your participation with a short email to goa...@goanet.org -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
[Goanet] DEBATE: History... that's only in the movies (Aakar Patel, in ToI)
http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/aakarvani/bajirao-the-great-hindu-nationalist-thats-only-in-the-movies/ Bajirao the great Hindu nationalist -- That's only in the movies Aakar Patel in Aakarvani | India | TOI I think I'll write about Bajirao Mastani today. I have not seen the movie, nor do I intend to (only one Gujarati makes the cut as director of watchable pap and that is neither Sanjay Leela Bhansali nor Sajid Nadiadwala, but Manmohan Desai, a true master). However, I have read Bajirao Mastani's reviews and one of them said to my alarm, that the film "explores the romantic side of 18th-century Maratha general Bajirao Ballal Bhat, who fought and won 40 battles against the Mughals with an aim to create a unified Hindu kingdom or Akhand Bharatvarsha". Whoa, hold it right there. First, the Marathas only ever wanted a Marathi kingdom for themselves. It was not unified, hardly *akhand* and never Hindu. The Marathas were despised by other Hindu rulers, and disliked by non-Marathi Hindus as well, as history shows us. Bajirao and the Marathas campaigned for one thing alone, and it was called *chauth*. It meant a fourth of all revenue from other kingdoms, no matter what the faith of king and subject, and at collecting this Bajirao and the rest were efficient. Maratha extortion caused Jaipur's Ishwari Singh to commit suicide in December 1750. Sir Jadunath Sarkar (the Manmohan Desai of our historians) writes of what followed in his four-volume classic, *Fall of the Mughal Empire*: "On 10 January, some 4,000 Marathas entered Jaipur... (and) despising the helpless condition of a king propped up by their arms, seemed to have behaved towards Jaipur as a city taken by storm. Suddenly the pent-up hatred of the Rajputs burst forth; a riot broke out at noon, and the citizens attacked the unsuspecting Marathas. For nine hours slaughter and pillage raged." The Marathas first invaded Bengal in 1742. Of their behaviour, the *New Cambridge History of India* tells us that "all authorities, both Indian and European are agreed". A contemporary writer calls them "slayers of pregnant women and infants" and Sarkar has recorded their gang-rape of Hindu women, inexplicably stuffing the mouths of their victims with dust and breaking their arms and tying them behind their backs. The only Indian to try and protect his subjects against the Marathas incidentally, was the Mughal governor Ali Vardi Khan. So much for Akhand Bharat. But I must say that the Marathas did not behave differently from any other ruler or warrior community, and the idea of a unified Hindu sentiment exists only in the imagination of those who get their history from the movies. What the Marathas did striking north from the south, the Sikhs did in the opposite direction (they called their extortion 'rakhi', or protection, and it was 10% for all Indians). It is undeniably true on the other hand that the Marathas were originals. It is important for this romance between Bajirao and Mastani that she knew how to ride well because there were no palanquins and howdahs travelling with the Marathas as there were with the Mughals. The Marathas were the Mongols of South Asia, always on horseback, and with no infantry and no giant camp behind. Even the scavengers who followed them around, the bargis, rode. When the monsoons ended, the Maratha army, about 40,000 men, rode across the Narmada and Tapi, the border that marked off the Deccan, and attacked 'Hindustan'. Shivaji always organised this on a particular day: Dussehra (Bal Thackeray continued this tradition of declaring war on other Indians with his fiery Dussehra speeches). After the death of the peasant king, power passed to the Brahmin peshwas of whom the best was Bajirao. As the Mughal fighting ability and finances (the two being interchangeable) declined after Aurangzeb, the Marathas began penetrating increasingly into hitherto unknown territory in the north. It was the young Bajirao, then only in his teens, who determined, rightly, in one of these raids that the Mughals had gone soft and could no longer defend the realm. From this point on, the Marathas began holding ground instead of just taking their horses back. It is why we see Marathi names like Holkar and Scindia and Gaekwad in parts of India they do not naturally belong. Everyone grabbed what they could and held onto it, there was no Hindu or Bharat angle to any of it. Bajirao had one good battlefield victory, against Chin Qilich Khan, first Nizam of Hyderabad. It was a positional win, meaning the arrangement of Bajirao's force gave no space for Khan and he gave up without much fighting. Like chess. A similar situation came in Panipat, when Abdali positioned the Marathas out. Bravely, the Marathas
[Goanet] Elano's arrest & unsporting conduct by FC Goa Team management
It was a bit silly on the part of the Margao Police to register an FIR for what transpired in the heat of the moment during the Indian Super League Football Finals between FC Goa & Chennaiyin FC. Incidents of non serious nature like elbowing & head butting are common occurrences in football and what happens in the stadium must remain in the stadium. The team management perhaps went overboard to take the matter up before the Police when they could easily have brought this up before the match officials or the disciplinary committee which is the proper authority to deal with such incidents. FIFA have their own disciplinary code and regulations and one does not lodge a Police complaint against a foul that occurs during a match, either on field or off it. Football is a contact sport where players get physically as well as emotionally drawn into all the excitement. Passions & tempers run high & at times, such incidents do occur. Was Zidane arrested for headbutting Materaazi? Were Voller & Rijkaard arrested for kicking one another? Was Subroto Paul arrested when he punched Christiano Junior which even resulted in his death? Such incidents are sad, they shouldn't happen but they do and that is what makes football one of the most debated, popular & interesting sports in the World. The incident which reportedly occurred in the dug-out has left a sour taste to an otherwise exciting finals. It was clearly an error of judgment on the management's part to get the Chennai captain Elano Blumer arrested for unintentional elbowing its co-owner. The FC Goa team also boycotted the match presentation which was sad. In a game, one has to win & one has to lose and this should be accepted sportingly & graciously. The FC Goa management needs to sort this matter out at the earliest & make amends. Football is a religion in Goa & forgive & forget should be the best way out. Sandeep Heble Panjim- Goa 9326129171 -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Goanet annual year-end meet in Goa: if you're reading this, you're eligible to join us! Dec 28, 2015 @ 11 am Fundacao Oriente, Panjim Confirm your participation with a short email to goa...@goanet.org -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
[Goanet] How many of you gone digital (TV)?
How many of you gone digital TV? Last date to switchover is 31.12.15 When we call our local operator last, they say out of stock and that it would cost Rs.2000 plus Rs.50 extra per month (350pm) For basic free to view channels package, I think it should cost Rs.100 or 150 p.m, thats what I remember reading somewhere. Don't know if free to view package includes Goa news channels Nor We know whats on offer with Sonali Cable Go Digital, Get Set Top Box Today's advert https://www.flickr.com/photos/joegoauk73/23899598935/ -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Goanet annual year-end meet in Goa: if you're reading this, you're eligible to join us! Dec 28, 2015 @ 11 am Fundacao Oriente, Panjim Confirm your participation with a short email to goa...@goanet.org -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
