Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
OK. I am totally confused here. Why Couldn't match expected type `Jobs k e a' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0' 9|data JobInfo a e = (Exception e) = 10| JobInfo { jobId :: ThreadId 11| , result :: MVar (Either e a) } 12| 13|type Jobs k e a = (Ord k, Exception e) = 14| M.Map k (JobInfo e a) 15| 16|type JobArgs k a = (Ord k) = 17| M.Map k a 21| 22|start :: (Ord k, Exception e) = JobArgs k a - (a - IO b) - IO (Jobs k e a) 23|start args worker = do 24| arg - newEmptyMVar 25| Map.mapM (\a - do 26| putMVar arg a 27| result - newEmptyMVar 28| tId - forkIO $ do 29| arg_ - takeMVar arg 30| result_ - try $ worker arg_ 31| putMVar result result_ 32| return $ JobInfo tId result 33| ) args On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 1:24 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: I think I need to think this through On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 12:28 PM, Ivan Lazar Miljenovic ivan.miljeno...@gmail.com wrote: On 14 June 2012 14:20, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: OK. I think I understand a little. I use Job here just wants to simplify the code. And since I provide the function as library, I cannot decide what exact type k is. What should I do? Do you know what the type of `a'? If so: type Job k = Map k String Otherwise... do you even need a type alias? On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 11:23 AM, Arlen Cuss a...@len.me wrote: (resending to café, turns out I wasn't subbed from this address.) Hi Magicloud, This is correct; because you've hidden the type-variables away by universally quantifying them, there's no more level of specificity you can get back *out* of them than just some kind of Map (Job = M.Map k b, where k ≠ k0, b ≠ b0). If you have a Job type which can store *any* kind of Map (forall k a. Job (Map k a)), then that means you could have a Job with a Map Int Bool, and a Job with a Map String (Float - Float), and they'd both have the same type Job. You can't do anything with the values within, because you're being too permissive about what a Job is. You may want data Job k a = Job (Map k a), *or* if you do actually use one kind of Map only, then why not data Job = Job (Map Int String) (substituting your real types for Int and String). In this case, you could also consider using newtype (newtype Job = Job { getJob :: Map Int String }) to provide the guarantee that you're getting a Job (and not any Map Int String) without performance loss. Let me know if I've been more confusing than helpful; Arlen On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 1:16 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com (mailto:pumpkin...@gmail.com) wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 typesif you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantifiedJob like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabitedby the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunatelythe only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structuralproperties about it, like whether it's empty or how many elements it has init. You could ask to enumerate the elements in it, but you wouldn't be ableto touch any of them because you wouldn't know what their types were. So I'm not really sure how to interpret the question. Was the goal to have aheterogeneous Map, maybe? Or just to avoid having to type type variables allover the place? Both of those are possible but require a bit moresophistication with types. -Dan On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 7:32 AM, Ismael Figueroa Paletifiguer...@gmail.com (mailto:ifiguer...@gmail.com) wrote: Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to thendefine a type JobList = [Job] ?You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k atype JobList = [Job] ??Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But thetypechecker can use it to ensure some static property.Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are*sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) Hi,I've forgotten this.This is OK:type Job k a = Map k
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
Sorry, the last 'a' of line 22 is 'b'. On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 3:19 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: OK. I am totally confused here. Why Couldn't match expected type `Jobs k e a' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0' 9|data JobInfo a e = (Exception e) = 10| JobInfo { jobId :: ThreadId 11| , result :: MVar (Either e a) } 12| 13|type Jobs k e a = (Ord k, Exception e) = 14| M.Map k (JobInfo e a) 15| 16|type JobArgs k a = (Ord k) = 17| M.Map k a 21| 22|start :: (Ord k, Exception e) = JobArgs k a - (a - IO b) - IO (Jobs k e a) 23|start args worker = do 24| arg - newEmptyMVar 25| Map.mapM (\a - do 26| putMVar arg a 27| result - newEmptyMVar 28| tId - forkIO $ do 29| arg_ - takeMVar arg 30| result_ - try $ worker arg_ 31| putMVar result result_ 32| return $ JobInfo tId result 33| ) args On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 1:24 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: I think I need to think this through On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 12:28 PM, Ivan Lazar Miljenovic ivan.miljeno...@gmail.com wrote: On 14 June 2012 14:20, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: OK. I think I understand a little. I use Job here just wants to simplify the code. And since I provide the function as library, I cannot decide what exact type k is. What should I do? Do you know what the type of `a'? If so: type Job k = Map k String Otherwise... do you even need a type alias? On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 11:23 AM, Arlen Cuss a...@len.me wrote: (resending to café, turns out I wasn't subbed from this address.) Hi Magicloud, This is correct; because you've hidden the type-variables away by universally quantifying them, there's no more level of specificity you can get back *out* of them than just some kind of Map (Job = M.Map k b, where k ≠ k0, b ≠ b0). If you have a Job type which can store *any* kind of Map (forall k a. Job (Map k a)), then that means you could have a Job with a Map Int Bool, and a Job with a Map String (Float - Float), and they'd both have the same type Job. You can't do anything with the values within, because you're being too permissive about what a Job is. You may want data Job k a = Job (Map k a), *or* if you do actually use one kind of Map only, then why not data Job = Job (Map Int String) (substituting your real types for Int and String). In this case, you could also consider using newtype (newtype Job = Job { getJob :: Map Int String }) to provide the guarantee that you're getting a Job (and not any Map Int String) without performance loss. Let me know if I've been more confusing than helpful; Arlen On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 1:16 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com (mailto:pumpkin...@gmail.com) wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 typesif you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantifiedJob like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabitedby the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunatelythe only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structuralproperties about it, like whether it's empty or how many elements it has init. You could ask to enumerate the elements in it, but you wouldn't be ableto touch any of them because you wouldn't know what their types were. So I'm not really sure how to interpret the question. Was the goal to have aheterogeneous Map, maybe? Or just to avoid having to type type variables allover the place? Both of those are possible but require a bit moresophistication with types. -Dan On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 7:32 AM, Ismael Figueroa Paletifiguer...@gmail.com (mailto:ifiguer...@gmail.com) wrote: Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to thendefine a type JobList = [Job] ?You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k atype JobList = [Job] ??Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But thetypechecker can use it to ensure some static property.Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are*sure* that things will go OK*.
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
And line 14, should be JobInfo a e. I must be too sleepy On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 3:30 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: Sorry, the last 'a' of line 22 is 'b'. On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 3:19 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: OK. I am totally confused here. Why Couldn't match expected type `Jobs k e a' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0' 9|data JobInfo a e = (Exception e) = 10| JobInfo { jobId :: ThreadId 11| , result :: MVar (Either e a) } 12| 13|type Jobs k e a = (Ord k, Exception e) = 14| M.Map k (JobInfo e a) 15| 16|type JobArgs k a = (Ord k) = 17| M.Map k a 21| 22|start :: (Ord k, Exception e) = JobArgs k a - (a - IO b) - IO (Jobs k e a) 23|start args worker = do 24| arg - newEmptyMVar 25| Map.mapM (\a - do 26| putMVar arg a 27| result - newEmptyMVar 28| tId - forkIO $ do 29| arg_ - takeMVar arg 30| result_ - try $ worker arg_ 31| putMVar result result_ 32| return $ JobInfo tId result 33| ) args On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 1:24 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: I think I need to think this through On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 12:28 PM, Ivan Lazar Miljenovic ivan.miljeno...@gmail.com wrote: On 14 June 2012 14:20, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: OK. I think I understand a little. I use Job here just wants to simplify the code. And since I provide the function as library, I cannot decide what exact type k is. What should I do? Do you know what the type of `a'? If so: type Job k = Map k String Otherwise... do you even need a type alias? On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 11:23 AM, Arlen Cuss a...@len.me wrote: (resending to café, turns out I wasn't subbed from this address.) Hi Magicloud, This is correct; because you've hidden the type-variables away by universally quantifying them, there's no more level of specificity you can get back *out* of them than just some kind of Map (Job = M.Map k b, where k ≠ k0, b ≠ b0). If you have a Job type which can store *any* kind of Map (forall k a. Job (Map k a)), then that means you could have a Job with a Map Int Bool, and a Job with a Map String (Float - Float), and they'd both have the same type Job. You can't do anything with the values within, because you're being too permissive about what a Job is. You may want data Job k a = Job (Map k a), *or* if you do actually use one kind of Map only, then why not data Job = Job (Map Int String) (substituting your real types for Int and String). In this case, you could also consider using newtype (newtype Job = Job { getJob :: Map Int String }) to provide the guarantee that you're getting a Job (and not any Map Int String) without performance loss. Let me know if I've been more confusing than helpful; Arlen On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 1:16 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com (mailto:pumpkin...@gmail.com) wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 typesif you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantifiedJob like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabitedby the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunatelythe only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structuralproperties about it, like whether it's empty or how many elements it has init. You could ask to enumerate the elements in it, but you wouldn't be ableto touch any of them because you wouldn't know what their types were. So I'm not really sure how to interpret the question. Was the goal to have aheterogeneous Map, maybe? Or just to avoid having to type type variables allover the place? Both of those are possible but require a bit moresophistication with types. -Dan On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 7:32 AM, Ismael Figueroa Paletifiguer...@gmail.com (mailto:ifiguer...@gmail.com) wrote: Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to thendefine a type JobList = [Job] ?You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k atype JobList = [Job] ??Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But thetypechecker can
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
Hi Magicloud, The indentation has been lost in the mail. Could you post your code (preferably without line numbers) on hpaste.org or similar? —A On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 5:33 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: And line 14, should be JobInfo a e. I must be too sleepy On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 3:30 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) wrote: Sorry, the last 'a' of line 22 is 'b'. On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 3:19 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) wrote: OK. I am totally confused here. Why Couldn't match expected type `Jobs k e a' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0' 9|data JobInfo a e = (Exception e) = 10| JobInfo { jobId :: ThreadId 11| , result :: MVar (Either e a) } 12| 13|type Jobs k e a = (Ord k, Exception e) = 14| M.Map k (JobInfo e a) 15| 16|type JobArgs k a = (Ord k) = 17| M.Map k a 21| 22|start :: (Ord k, Exception e) = JobArgs k a - (a - IO b) - IO (Jobs k e a) 23|start args worker = do 24| arg - newEmptyMVar 25| Map.mapM (\a - do 26| putMVar arg a 27| result - newEmptyMVar 28| tId - forkIO $ do 29| arg_ - takeMVar arg 30| result_ - try $ worker arg_ 31| putMVar result result_ 32| return $ JobInfo tId result 33| ) args On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 1:24 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) wrote: I think I need to think this through On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 12:28 PM, Ivan Lazar Miljenovic ivan.miljeno...@gmail.com (mailto:ivan.miljeno...@gmail.com) wrote: On 14 June 2012 14:20, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) wrote: OK. I think I understand a little. I use Job here just wants to simplify the code. And since I provide the function as library, I cannot decide what exact type k is. What should I do? Do you know what the type of `a'? If so: type Job k = Map k String Otherwise... do you even need a type alias? On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 11:23 AM, Arlen Cuss a...@len.me (mailto:a...@len.me) wrote: (resending to café, turns out I wasn't subbed from this address.) Hi Magicloud, This is correct; because you've hidden the type-variables away by universally quantifying them, there's no more level of specificity you can get back *out* of them than just some kind of Map (Job = M.Map k b, where k ≠ k0, b ≠ b0). If you have a Job type which can store *any* kind of Map (forall k a. Job (Map k a)), then that means you could have a Job with a Map Int Bool, and a Job with a Map String (Float - Float), and they'd both have the same type Job. You can't do anything with the values within, because you're being too permissive about what a Job is. You may want data Job k a = Job (Map k a), *or* if you do actually use one kind of Map only, then why not data Job = Job (Map Int String) (substituting your real types for Int and String). In this case, you could also consider using newtype (newtype Job = Job { getJob :: Map Int String }) to provide the guarantee that you're getting a Job (and not any Map Int String) without performance loss. Let me know if I've been more confusing than helpful; Arlen On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 1:16 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com (mailto:pumpkin...@gmail.com) wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 typesif you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantifiedJob like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabitedby the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunatelythe only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structuralproperties about it, like whether it's
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
Sorry, the full code is here: http://hpaste.org/69972 On Fri, Jun 15, 2012 at 7:09 AM, Arlen Cuss a...@len.me wrote: Hi Magicloud, The indentation has been lost in the mail. Could you post your code (preferably without line numbers) on hpaste.org or similar? —A On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 5:33 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: And line 14, should be JobInfo a e. I must be too sleepy On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 3:30 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) wrote: Sorry, the last 'a' of line 22 is 'b'. On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 3:19 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) wrote: OK. I am totally confused here. Why Couldn't match expected type `Jobs k e a' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0' 9|data JobInfo a e = (Exception e) = 10| JobInfo { jobId :: ThreadId 11| , result :: MVar (Either e a) } 12| 13|type Jobs k e a = (Ord k, Exception e) = 14| M.Map k (JobInfo e a) 15| 16|type JobArgs k a = (Ord k) = 17| M.Map k a 21| 22|start :: (Ord k, Exception e) = JobArgs k a - (a - IO b) - IO (Jobs k e a) 23|start args worker = do 24| arg - newEmptyMVar 25| Map.mapM (\a - do 26| putMVar arg a 27| result - newEmptyMVar 28| tId - forkIO $ do 29| arg_ - takeMVar arg 30| result_ - try $ worker arg_ 31| putMVar result result_ 32| return $ JobInfo tId result 33| ) args On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 1:24 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) wrote: I think I need to think this through On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 12:28 PM, Ivan Lazar Miljenovic ivan.miljeno...@gmail.com (mailto:ivan.miljeno...@gmail.com) wrote: On 14 June 2012 14:20, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) wrote: OK. I think I understand a little. I use Job here just wants to simplify the code. And since I provide the function as library, I cannot decide what exact type k is. What should I do? Do you know what the type of `a'? If so: type Job k = Map k String Otherwise... do you even need a type alias? On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 11:23 AM, Arlen Cuss a...@len.me (mailto:a...@len.me) wrote: (resending to café, turns out I wasn't subbed from this address.) Hi Magicloud, This is correct; because you've hidden the type-variables away by universally quantifying them, there's no more level of specificity you can get back *out* of them than just some kind of Map (Job = M.Map k b, where k ≠ k0, b ≠ b0). If you have a Job type which can store *any* kind of Map (forall k a. Job (Map k a)), then that means you could have a Job with a Map Int Bool, and a Job with a Map String (Float - Float), and they'd both have the same type Job. You can't do anything with the values within, because you're being too permissive about what a Job is. You may want data Job k a = Job (Map k a), *or* if you do actually use one kind of Map only, then why not data Job = Job (Map Int String) (substituting your real types for Int and String). In this case, you could also consider using newtype (newtype Job = Job { getJob :: Map Int String }) to provide the guarantee that you're getting a Job (and not any Map Int String) without performance loss. Let me know if I've been more confusing than helpful; Arlen On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 1:16 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com (mailto:pumpkin...@gmail.com) wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 typesif you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantifiedJob like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabitedby the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunatelythe only thing you can do with that map
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
On 13 June 2012 19:59, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: Hi, I've forgotten this. This is OK: type Job k a = Map k a And this is OK: {-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms? type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this? type Job = Map k a Does that even make sense? What are the types of `k' and `a' in Job? -- Ivan Lazar Miljenovic ivan.miljeno...@gmail.com http://IvanMiljenovic.wordpress.com ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to then define a type JobList = [Job] ? You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k a type JobList = [Job] ?? Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But the typechecker can use it to ensure some static property. Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are *sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com Hi, I've forgotten this. This is OK: type Job k a = Map k a And this is OK: {-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms? type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this? type Job = Map k a -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com. ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- Ismael ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 types if you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantified Job like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabited by the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunately the only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structural properties about it, like whether it's empty or how many elements it has in it. You could ask to enumerate the elements in it, but you wouldn't be able to touch any of them because you wouldn't know what their types were. So I'm not really sure how to interpret the question. Was the goal to have a heterogeneous Map, maybe? Or just to avoid having to type type variables all over the place? Both of those are possible but require a bit more sophistication with types. -Dan On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 7:32 AM, Ismael Figueroa Palet ifiguer...@gmail.com wrote: Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to then define a type JobList = [Job] ? You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k a type JobList = [Job] ?? Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But the typechecker can use it to ensure some static property. Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are *sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com Hi, I've forgotten this. This is OK: type Job k a = Map k a And this is OK: {-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms? type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this? type Job = Map k a -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com. ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- Ismael ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
Mmmmh... no, to do that you need ImpredicativeTypes (which is I believe about to be deprecated). You have to declare Job a data, not a type, and use ExistentialQuantification. 2012/6/13 Ismael Figueroa Palet ifiguer...@gmail.com Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to then define a type JobList = [Job] ? You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k a type JobList = [Job] ?? Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But the typechecker can use it to ensure some static property. Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are *sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com Hi, I've forgotten this. This is OK: type Job k a = Map k a And this is OK: {-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms? type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this? type Job = Map k a -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com. ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- Ismael ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
Thank you all. I just want to wrap some complex types. So I learn from all info above, I still have to use forall explicitly On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:19 PM, Yves Parès yves.pa...@gmail.com wrote: Mmmmh... no, to do that you need ImpredicativeTypes (which is I believe about to be deprecated). You have to declare Job a data, not a type, and use ExistentialQuantification. 2012/6/13 Ismael Figueroa Palet ifiguer...@gmail.com Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to then define a type JobList = [Job] ? You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k a type JobList = [Job] ?? Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But the typechecker can use it to ensure some static property. Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are *sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com Hi, I've forgotten this. This is OK: type Job k a = Map k a And this is OK: {-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms? type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this? type Job = Map k a -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com. ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- Ismael ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com. ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 types if you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantified Job like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabited by the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunately the only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structural properties about it, like whether it's empty or how many elements it has in it. You could ask to enumerate the elements in it, but you wouldn't be able to touch any of them because you wouldn't know what their types were. So I'm not really sure how to interpret the question. Was the goal to have a heterogeneous Map, maybe? Or just to avoid having to type type variables all over the place? Both of those are possible but require a bit more sophistication with types. -Dan On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 7:32 AM, Ismael Figueroa Palet ifiguer...@gmail.com wrote: Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to then define a type JobList = [Job] ? You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k a type JobList = [Job] ?? Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But the typechecker can use it to ensure some static property. Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are *sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com Hi, I've forgotten this. This is OK: type Job k a = Map k a And this is OK: {-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms? type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this? type Job = Map k a -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com. ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- Ismael ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com. ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
(resending to café, turns out I wasn't subbed from this address.) Hi Magicloud, This is correct; because you've hidden the type-variables away by universally quantifying them, there's no more level of specificity you can get back *out* of them than just some kind of Map (Job = M.Map k b, where k ≠ k0, b ≠ b0). If you have a Job type which can store *any* kind of Map (forall k a. Job (Map k a)), then that means you could have a Job with a Map Int Bool, and a Job with a Map String (Float - Float), and they'd both have the same type Job. You can't do anything with the values within, because you're being too permissive about what a Job is. You may want data Job k a = Job (Map k a), *or* if you do actually use one kind of Map only, then why not data Job = Job (Map Int String) (substituting your real types for Int and String). In this case, you could also consider using newtype (newtype Job = Job { getJob :: Map Int String }) to provide the guarantee that you're getting a Job (and not any Map Int String) without performance loss. Let me know if I've been more confusing than helpful; Arlen On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 1:16 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com (mailto:pumpkin...@gmail.com) wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 typesif you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantifiedJob like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabitedby the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunatelythe only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structuralproperties about it, like whether it's empty or how many elements it has init. You could ask to enumerate the elements in it, but you wouldn't be ableto touch any of them because you wouldn't know what their types were. So I'm not really sure how to interpret the question. Was the goal to have aheterogeneous Map, maybe? Or just to avoid having to type type variables allover the place? Both of those are possible but require a bit moresophistication with types. -Dan On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 7:32 AM, Ismael Figueroa Paletifiguer...@gmail.com (mailto:ifiguer...@gmail.com) wrote: Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to thendefine a type JobList = [Job] ?You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k atype JobList = [Job] ??Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But thetypechecker can use it to ensure some static property.Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are*sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) Hi,I've forgotten this.This is OK:type Job k a = Map k aAnd this is OK:{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms?type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this?type Job = Map k a--竹密岂妨流水过山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com (http://gmail.com). ___Haskell-Cafe mailing listhaskell-c...@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe --Ismael ___Haskell-Cafe mailing listhaskell-c...@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com (http://gmail.com). ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
OK. I think I understand a little. I use Job here just wants to simplify the code. And since I provide the function as library, I cannot decide what exact type k is. What should I do? On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 11:23 AM, Arlen Cuss a...@len.me wrote: (resending to café, turns out I wasn't subbed from this address.) Hi Magicloud, This is correct; because you've hidden the type-variables away by universally quantifying them, there's no more level of specificity you can get back *out* of them than just some kind of Map (Job = M.Map k b, where k ≠ k0, b ≠ b0). If you have a Job type which can store *any* kind of Map (forall k a. Job (Map k a)), then that means you could have a Job with a Map Int Bool, and a Job with a Map String (Float - Float), and they'd both have the same type Job. You can't do anything with the values within, because you're being too permissive about what a Job is. You may want data Job k a = Job (Map k a), *or* if you do actually use one kind of Map only, then why not data Job = Job (Map Int String) (substituting your real types for Int and String). In this case, you could also consider using newtype (newtype Job = Job { getJob :: Map Int String }) to provide the guarantee that you're getting a Job (and not any Map Int String) without performance loss. Let me know if I've been more confusing than helpful; Arlen On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 1:16 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com (mailto:pumpkin...@gmail.com) wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 typesif you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantifiedJob like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabitedby the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunatelythe only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structuralproperties about it, like whether it's empty or how many elements it has init. You could ask to enumerate the elements in it, but you wouldn't be ableto touch any of them because you wouldn't know what their types were. So I'm not really sure how to interpret the question. Was the goal to have aheterogeneous Map, maybe? Or just to avoid having to type type variables allover the place? Both of those are possible but require a bit moresophistication with types. -Dan On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 7:32 AM, Ismael Figueroa Paletifiguer...@gmail.com (mailto:ifiguer...@gmail.com) wrote: Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to thendefine a type JobList = [Job] ?You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k atype JobList = [Job] ??Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But thetypechecker can use it to ensure some static property.Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are*sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) Hi,I've forgotten this.This is OK:type Job k a = Map k aAnd this is OK:{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms?type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this?type Job = Map k a--竹密岂妨流水过山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com (http://gmail.com). ___Haskell-Cafe mailing listhaskell-c...@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe --Ismael ___Haskell-Cafe mailing listhaskell-c...@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com (http://gmail.com). ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com. ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
On 14 June 2012 14:20, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: OK. I think I understand a little. I use Job here just wants to simplify the code. And since I provide the function as library, I cannot decide what exact type k is. What should I do? Do you know what the type of `a'? If so: type Job k = Map k String Otherwise... do you even need a type alias? On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 11:23 AM, Arlen Cuss a...@len.me wrote: (resending to café, turns out I wasn't subbed from this address.) Hi Magicloud, This is correct; because you've hidden the type-variables away by universally quantifying them, there's no more level of specificity you can get back *out* of them than just some kind of Map (Job = M.Map k b, where k ≠ k0, b ≠ b0). If you have a Job type which can store *any* kind of Map (forall k a. Job (Map k a)), then that means you could have a Job with a Map Int Bool, and a Job with a Map String (Float - Float), and they'd both have the same type Job. You can't do anything with the values within, because you're being too permissive about what a Job is. You may want data Job k a = Job (Map k a), *or* if you do actually use one kind of Map only, then why not data Job = Job (Map Int String) (substituting your real types for Int and String). In this case, you could also consider using newtype (newtype Job = Job { getJob :: Map Int String }) to provide the guarantee that you're getting a Job (and not any Map Int String) without performance loss. Let me know if I've been more confusing than helpful; Arlen On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 1:16 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com (mailto:pumpkin...@gmail.com) wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 typesif you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantifiedJob like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabitedby the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunatelythe only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structuralproperties about it, like whether it's empty or how many elements it has init. You could ask to enumerate the elements in it, but you wouldn't be ableto touch any of them because you wouldn't know what their types were. So I'm not really sure how to interpret the question. Was the goal to have aheterogeneous Map, maybe? Or just to avoid having to type type variables allover the place? Both of those are possible but require a bit moresophistication with types. -Dan On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 7:32 AM, Ismael Figueroa Paletifiguer...@gmail.com (mailto:ifiguer...@gmail.com) wrote: Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to thendefine a type JobList = [Job] ?You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k atype JobList = [Job] ??Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But thetypechecker can use it to ensure some static property.Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are*sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) Hi,I've forgotten this.This is OK:type Job k a = Map k aAnd this is OK:{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms?type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this?type Job = Map k a--竹密岂妨流水过山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com (http://gmail.com). ___Haskell-Cafe mailing listhaskell-c...@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe --Ismael ___Haskell-Cafe mailing listhaskell-c...@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com (http://gmail.com). ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org
Re: [Haskell-cafe] What extension do I need to write type Job = Map k a?
I think I need to think this through On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 12:28 PM, Ivan Lazar Miljenovic ivan.miljeno...@gmail.com wrote: On 14 June 2012 14:20, Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com wrote: OK. I think I understand a little. I use Job here just wants to simplify the code. And since I provide the function as library, I cannot decide what exact type k is. What should I do? Do you know what the type of `a'? If so: type Job k = Map k String Otherwise... do you even need a type alias? On Thu, Jun 14, 2012 at 11:23 AM, Arlen Cuss a...@len.me wrote: (resending to café, turns out I wasn't subbed from this address.) Hi Magicloud, This is correct; because you've hidden the type-variables away by universally quantifying them, there's no more level of specificity you can get back *out* of them than just some kind of Map (Job = M.Map k b, where k ≠ k0, b ≠ b0). If you have a Job type which can store *any* kind of Map (forall k a. Job (Map k a)), then that means you could have a Job with a Map Int Bool, and a Job with a Map String (Float - Float), and they'd both have the same type Job. You can't do anything with the values within, because you're being too permissive about what a Job is. You may want data Job k a = Job (Map k a), *or* if you do actually use one kind of Map only, then why not data Job = Job (Map Int String) (substituting your real types for Int and String). In this case, you could also consider using newtype (newtype Job = Job { getJob :: Map Int String }) to provide the guarantee that you're getting a Job (and not any Map Int String) without performance loss. Let me know if I've been more confusing than helpful; Arlen On Thursday, 14 June 2012 at 1:16 PM, Magicloud Magiclouds wrote: Hi there, Thanks for the reply. To be clear, all I want is to avoid having to type type variables all over the place. What should I do? My original code with RankNTypes and ImpredicativeTypes does not work The type Job = forall k a. M.Map k a works now. But function uses it does not. Compiler complains about Couldn't match expected type `Job' with actual type `M.Map k0 b0'. On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 9:15 PM, Daniel Peebles pumpkin...@gmail.com (mailto:pumpkin...@gmail.com) wrote: That doesn't require existential quantification, but it'll need Rank-2 typesif you ever do anything with Job. Unfortunately, a universally quantifiedJob like what you wrote (or what Magicloud seems to want) is only inhabitedby the empty Map. An existentially quantified Job, as you might get with data Job = forall k a. Job (Map k a) does let you wrap up any Map containing anything in it, but unfortunatelythe only thing you can do with that map afterwards is ask for structuralproperties about it, like whether it's empty or how many elements it has init. You could ask to enumerate the elements in it, but you wouldn't be ableto touch any of them because you wouldn't know what their types were. So I'm not really sure how to interpret the question. Was the goal to have aheterogeneous Map, maybe? Or just to avoid having to type type variables allover the place? Both of those are possible but require a bit moresophistication with types. -Dan On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 7:32 AM, Ismael Figueroa Paletifiguer...@gmail.com (mailto:ifiguer...@gmail.com) wrote: Do you want to hide the specific types of the job? Presumably to thendefine a type JobList = [Job] ?You can do that with the ExistentialQuantification extension. type Job = forall k a. Map k atype JobList = [Job] ??Note you can't unpack the types k a once you have hidden them. But thetypechecker can use it to ensure some static property.Also you could use unsafeCoerce to do some casts, but *only if you are*sure* that things will go OK*. 2012/6/13 Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com (mailto:magicloud.magiclo...@gmail.com) Hi,I've forgotten this.This is OK:type Job k a = Map k aAnd this is OK:{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-} -- or LiberalTypeSynonyms?type Job = forall a. forall k. Map k a Then how to write it like this?type Job = Map k a--竹密岂妨流水过山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com (http://gmail.com). ___Haskell-Cafe mailing listhaskell-c...@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe --Ismael ___Haskell-Cafe mailing listhaskell-c...@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe -- 竹密岂妨流水过 山高哪阻野云飞 And for G+, please use magiclouds#gmail.com (http://gmail.com). ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org (mailto:Haskell-Cafe@haskell.org) http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe