Linux-Misc Digest #357
Linux-Misc Digest #357, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 08:13:02 EDT Contents: Re: Changing LILO in Mandrake? (Jim Richardson) color display (jason) reclaiming the master boot record? (Peter Bismuti) Re: reclaiming the master boot record? (Prasanth A. Kumar) Re: Config.sys parameters is my Question. What is it or are they? (Lew Pitcher) Re: *Virtual Desktops* (Valentin Guillen) Re: Configuration file in xconfig (SeLmux) Re: changing distributions (SeLmux) Re: Linux sees only 64 M of RAM ??? (SeLmux) Re: color display (SeLmux) Re: Alpha vs Intel (Patrick Vogt) From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Jim Richardson) Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.advocacy Subject: Re: Changing LILO in Mandrake? Date: Sat, 5 Aug 2000 10:58:21 -0700 Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] On 31 Jul 2000 07:44:55 -0500, Tim Palmer, in the persona of [EMAIL PROTECTED], brought forth the following words...: Cap'n [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'll admit I'm somewhat of a newbie to Mandrake Linux, and this is probably a stupid question...but, I need the answer. I just installed Mandrake 7.1 on my system in a dual boot with Win98. My hard drive is in four partitions: Partition 1: Win98 system files (1.5 GB) - hdc1 Partition 2: Win98 programs (8 GB) - hdc2 Partition 3: Linux Swap (133 MB) - hdc6 Partition 4: Linux Native: Mandrake Distro (2.3 GB) - hdc7 After I installed Mandrake and LILO, Linux is the first boot option and loads Mandrake after 10 seconds, unless I type Windows. I want to set it up so that Windows boots after 10 seconds, unless I type Linux. What's the easiest way to change this in Mandrake? Or if someone could point me to a Mandrake HOWTO Web link for this, I would appreciate it. Thanks! *** The Cap'n Eddit a text fial and recompial kernal. Despite Tim's (poorly spelt) hyperbole, you can change the boot order in one of 3 ways. Edit /etc/lilo.conf to put the entry you want first in line and rerun lilo Edit /etc/lilo.conf to add the line default=windows (or whatever the windows entry is called) at the top of the file in the global variables section, and rerun lilo. Or IIRC using Drake, the mandrake config tool, you can do this, but I don't use mandrake so I can't be sure there. Note that Tim was either incorrect, or simply lying about recompiling the kernel. -- Jim Richardson Anarchist, pagan and proud of it WWW.eskimo.com/~warlock Linux, because life's too short for a buggy OS. -- From: jason [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: color display Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 05:30:03 GMT hi im using slakware 7 currently. my video card is S3 Trio64 with 2 mb memory. i was wondering how i can start x window straight away to 16 bit color without typing startx -- -bpp 16 in the command line. thanks for helping. -- Posted via CNET Help.com http://www.help.com/ -- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Peter Bismuti) Subject: reclaiming the master boot record? Date: 6 Aug 2000 05:37:47 GMT I accidently wrote over the master boot record, I can still boot but only from a floppy. How can I place lilo back in the MBR? Thanks -- Subject: Re: reclaiming the master boot record? From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Prasanth A. Kumar) Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 05:50:10 GMT [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Peter Bismuti) writes: I accidently wrote over the master boot record, I can still boot but only from a floppy. How can I place lilo back in the MBR? Thanks Run the 'lilo' command after you boot in using the floppy. -- Prasanth Kumar [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- From: Lew Pitcher [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Config.sys parameters is my Question. What is it or are they? Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 02:10:21 -0400 "G. Eugene Mitchell" wrote: I am practicing on a pentium pci/isa. Can't seem to boot up from dos. too many unknowns. Thanks in advance. P.S. I am using Windows 95, upgrade. Funny, we're using Linux. Why don't you ask one of those comp.os.ms-windows newsgroups? -- Lew Pitcher Master Codewright and JOAT-in-training -- From: Valentin Guillen [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: *Virtual Desktops* Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 00:50:14 -0600 Object of my Desire, X is a program which requires a configuration file to operate properly. This file is called XF86Config, and is usually located at /etc or another similar directory related to X, like maybe /etc/X11 . This can and does vary among the different distros. For most users, this file is created by a video configuration utility which us usually run at linux installation time. The contents of this file determine if and when a virtual desktop resolution is used in X. There are to ways you can result with virtual desktops. You could have explicitly requested it, conciously or inadvertently, during the X configuration.
Linux-Misc Digest #358
Linux-Misc Digest #358, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 08:13:02 EDT
Contents:
Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 1 of 6)
([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Crossposted-To: news.answers,comp.answers
Subject: Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 1 of 6)
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 06 Aug 2000 07:50:19 -0400
Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers
This is the list of Frequently Asked Questions for Linux, the free,
POSIX compatible operating system kernel that runs on many modern
computer systems. Linux uses free, GNU system utilities and
application software, although commercial programs are available also.
Originally written for 386/486/586 Intel/ISA bus machines, Linux
versions exist for Alpha, Sparc, MIPS, ARM, 680x0, PPC, and many other
platforms. (Please refer to the question, "What is Linux?" below.)
This FAQ is meant to be read in conjunction with the Linux
Documentation Project's HOWTO series. ("Where Can I Get Linux Material
by FTP?" and, "Where Can I Get the HOWTO's and Other Documentation?")
The INFO-SHEET and META-FAQ also list sources of Linux information.
Please read them, and, "You Still Haven't Answered My Question!"
before posting to a Usenet news group. You can also get Postscript,
HTML, and SGML versions of this document. ("Formats in Which This FAQ
Is Available.")
1. Introduction and General Information
1.1. What is Linux?
1.2. Where Do I Start?
1.3. What Software Does Linux Support?
1.4. Does Linux Run on My Computer? What Hardware Is Supported?
1.5. What Ports to Other Processors Are There?
1.6. How Much Hard Disk Space Does Linux Need?
1.7. How Much Memory Does Linux Need?
1.8. How Much Memory Can Linux Use?
1.9. Does Linux Support the USB Bus?
1.10. Is Linux Public Domain? Copyrighted?
1.11. Is Linux *nix?
2. Topics of Current Interest.
2.1. What Resources Are There for Linux DeCSS and Other Open
Source DVD Software?
2.2. Where Is Information About Electronic Privacy Laws that
Affect ISP's?
2.3. How Is the DocBook Version of the FAQ Produced?
3. Network Sources and Resources
3.1. Where Can I Get the Latest Kernel Version?
3.2. Where Can I Get the HOWTO's and Other Documentation?
3.3. Where Should I Look on the World Wide Web for Linux Stuff?
3.4. What News Groups Are There for Linux?
3.5. What Other FAQ's Are There for Linux?
3.6. Where Can I Get Linux Material by FTP?
3.7. I Don't Have FTP Access. Where Do I Get Linux?
3.8. I Don't Have Usenet Access. Where Do I Get Information?
3.9. What Mailing Lists Are There?
3.10. Where Are Linux Legal Issues Discussed?
3.11. Are the News Groups Archived Anywhere?
3.12. Where Can I Find Out About Security Related Issues?
4. Compatibility with Other Operating Systems
4.1. Can Linux Share My Disk with DOS? OS/2? 386BSD? Win95?
4.2. How Do I Access Files on My DOS Partition Or Floppy?
4.3. Does Linux Support Compressed Ext2 file Systems?
4.4. Can I Use My Stacked/DBLSPC/Etc. DOS Drive?
4.5. Can I Access OS/2 HPFS Partitions from Linux?
4.6. Can Linux Access Amiga File Systems?
4.7. Can Linux Access BSD, SysV, Etc. UFS?
4.8. Can Linux Access SMB File Systems?
4.9. Can Linux Access Macintosh File Systems?
4.10. Can I Run Microsoft Windows Programs under Linux?
4.11. Where Can I Get Information about NFS Compatibility?
4.12. Can I Use True Type Fonts with Linux?
4.13. How Can I Boot Linux from MS-DOS?
4.14. How Can I Boot Linux from OS/2's Boot Manager?
5. File Systems, Disks, and Drives
5.1. How Can I Get Linux to Work with My Disk?
5.2. How Can I Undelete Files?
5.3. How Do I Make Backups?
5.4. How Do I Resize a Partition (Non-Destructively)?
5.5. Is There a Defragmenter for Ext2fs, Etc.?
5.6. How Do I Format and Create a File System on a Floppy?
5.7. Does Linux Support Virtualized File Systems Like RAID?
5.8. Does Linux Support File System Encryption?
5.9. I Get Nasty Messages about Inodes, Blocks, and the Like.
Linux-Misc Digest #359
Linux-Misc Digest #359, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 08:13:02 EDT
Contents:
Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 2 of 6)
([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Crossposted-To: news.answers,comp.answers
Subject: Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 2 of 6)
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 06 Aug 2000 07:50:47 -0400
The Electronic Frontier Foundation, http://www.eff.org is coordinating
legal defense for computer users that were affected by the lawsuits.
There is a DeCSS Resource Site at
http://www.pzcommunications.com/main.htm, which is maintained by PZ
Communications, one of the defendants in the DVD CCA case.
Another suit, against the magazine 2600, is being covered by the New
York Times on the Web, at
http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/07/cyber/cyberlaw/ Access to
the Web site is free but requires registration.
2.2. Where Is Information About Electronic Privacy Laws that Affect ISP's?
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission has issued a report to Congress that
recommends regulations to guarantee privacy for customers of Internet
Service Providers. The text of the report is at
http://www.ftc.gov/acoas/papers/finalreport.htm. The FTC E-commerce
site is at http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/menu-internet.htm/
The New York Times on the Web has a resource page of electronic
privacy information resources at
http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/reference/index-privacy.html
Access is free but requires registration.
The Electronic Privacy Information Center maintains a Web page at
http://www.epic.org/. The site also has pointers to information about
international laws that affect cryptographic software.
2.3. How Is the DocBook Version of the FAQ Produced?
At present, the Linux FAQ uses the OASIS DocBook SGML DTD. HTML output
is produced using James Clark's Jade DSSSL parser with modified
versions of Norman Walsh's modular style sheets. Question numbers are
generated with Perl. The text version is formatted with lynx, and
split in to segments using the standard GNU text utilities, and are
posted to Usenet. The DocBook utilities are located at
ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/sourceware/docbook-tools/.
3. Network Sources and Resources
3.1. Where Can I Get the Latest Kernel Version?
Make that versions. The 2.0. series kernels are still available for
older machines. Following Linus's even/odd versioning scheme, the
latest production kernel is 2.2.x. The updates to this kernel are bug
fixes. Active development is proceeding on the 2.3.x versions of the
kernel, and a feature freeze has recently been announced for the 2.4
series production kernels.
Linux kernel version 2.2. was released on January 25, and a bug fix
version 2.2.1 was released several days later. New versions are always
being released. The kernel contains numerous improvements in features
and performance compared to the kernel versions 2.0.x.
Among the 2.2 kernel's many improvements are a video frame buffer,
faster (although bigger) memory management, support for more hardware
devices, improved security, and improved POSIX compatibility. The
Linux kernel, in many of these instances, is superior to commercial
OS's.
To read more about the features in kernel version 2.2.x, the
unofficial, draft press releases are located at
http://www.tip.net.au/~edlang/linux/linux2.2pr.html.
If you want to download the source code, FTP to ftp.xx.kernel.org,
where "xx" is the two-letter Internet domain abbreviation of your
country; e.g., "us" for United States, "ca" for Canada, or "de" for
Germany. Kernel versions 2.2.x are archived in the directory
pub/linux/kernel/v2.2, as are patches for the prerelease versions. The
kernel source code is archived as a .tar.gz file, and as a .tar.bz2
file.
Follow the instructions in any of the standard references to compile
the 2.2 kernel, as you would with any other custom kernel. The
Documentation subdirectory also contains information by the authors of
various subsystems and drivers, and much of that information is not
documented elsewhere.
If you want to participate in kernel development, the latest 2.3
version kernels are available from ftp.kernel.org as well. Make sure
you sign on to the linux-kernel mailing list to find out what people
are working on. ("What Mailing Lists Are There?")
There is a story about the features of the 2.4 series kernels at
http://features.linuxtoday.com/stories/8191.html.
3.2. Where Can I Get the HOWTO's and Other Documentation?
Look in the following places, and the sites that mirror them.
* http://www.linuxdoc.org/
* ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/doc/HOWTO/
* ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/docs/HOWTO/
* ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/
For a list of Linux FTP sites, see, ("Where Can I Get Linux Material
by FTP?")
If you don't have access to FTP, try the FTP-by-mail servers at
mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED], mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED], or
mailto:[EMAIL
Linux-Misc Digest #360
Linux-Misc Digest #360, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 08:13:02 EDT Contents: Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 3 of 6) ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) Crossposted-To: news.answers,comp.answers Subject: Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 3 of 6) From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: 06 Aug 2000 07:51:13 -0400 your kernel, and use that. LOADLIN.EXE is a VCPI compliant program. Win95 will want to, "shutdown into DOS mode," to run it (as it would with certain other DOS protected-mode programs). Earlier versions of LOADLIN.EXE sometimes required a package called REALBIOS.COM, which required a boot procedure on an (almost) blank floppy to map the interrupt vectors (prior to the loading of any software drivers). (Current versions don't seem to ship with it, and don't seem to need it). [Jim Dennis] 4.11. Where Can I Get Information about NFS Compatibility? This information is partly taken from Nicolai Langfeldt's excellent NFS HOWTO, and is current as of 10/1/1999. Most version 2.2.x kernels need a set of patches to install the knfsd subsystem, maintained by H.J. Lu, to communicate efficiently (if at all) with Sparc, IBM RS, and Alpha machines, and probably others. This package is actually a collection of patches to the kernel sources. There is also a user-space server. Although it lacks remote file locking, it is easier to install. It may be equally efficient. In the Documentation/Changes of recent kernel distributions, there is a list of URL's for both the knfsd server and the user-space server. There is a CVS server available for the kernel-space NFS subsystem, as well as a NFS WWW page at http://www.linuxnfs.sourceforge.org/, although the URL requires a password for access. The relevant URL's are listed in the README.nfs file at ftp://ftp.us.kernel.org/, and other kernel archive sites, along with login information. Patches are at ftp://ftp.varesearch.com/pub/kernel/latest/patches/. The source archives of the user-space server and utilities currently reside on ftp://linux.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de:/pub/linux/people/okir/. In the case of older Solaris releases, the lack of statd or lockd on a client or server machine may cause incompatibility. On some versions of Solaris, statd can be used to exploit features of the automounter. Sun released a patch to correct this, but statd still needs to be started by root on such systems. On recent Solaris systems, refer to the information in /etc/dfs/dfstab and the share(1M) manual page to enable volume sharing. In addition, the rpcinfo program can tell you if statd or lockd are available on the local or remote machines. The linux-kernel mailing list has on-and-off discussions of the status of the NFS subsystem, which appears to be changing rapidly. [Nicolai Langfeldt, Robert Kiesling, Anders Hammarquist] 4.12. Can I Use True Type Fonts with Linux? Yes. There are a number of True Type font servers for the X Window System. One of them is xfsft. Its home page is http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/programs/xfsft/. There are also instructions for configuration. People have reported success with other True Type font servers. There are links from the xfsft Home Page to them as well. You can also compile True Type Font support into your X server directly. Again, refer to the xfsft Home Page for details. 4.13. How Can I Boot Linux from MS-DOS? If LILO doesn't work, and if the machine has MS-DOS or Microsoft Windows, you may be left with a computer that won't boot. This can also happen on an upgrade to your Linux distribution. Re-installing LILO is the last thing that the installation does. So it is vitally important when installing or upgrading Linux on a dual boot machine, to have a MS-DOS or Windows rescue disk nearby so you can FDISK -MBR. Then you can go about using LOADLIN.EXE instead of LILO. This config.sys file is one possible way to invoke LOADLIN.EXE and boot MS-DOS or Linux. [menu] menuitem=DOS, Dos Boot menuitem=LINUX, Linux Boot [LINUX] shell=c:\redhat\loadlin.exe c:\redhat\autoboot\vmlinuz vga=5 root=/dev [DOS] STACKS = 0,0 rem all the other DOS drivers get loaded here. This creates a menu where you can directly jump to LOADLIN.EXE before all of the MS-DOS drivers get loaded. The paths and options are peculiar to one machine and should be intuitively obvious to the most casual observer. See the LOADLIN.EXE docs for options. They are the same as LILO, and options are just passed to the kernel, anyhow. [Jim Harvey] 4.14. How Can I Boot Linux from OS/2's Boot Manager? 1. Create a partition using OS/2's FDISK.EXE (Not Linux's fdisk). 2. Format the partition under OS/2, either with FAT or HPFS. This is so that OS/2 knows about the partition being formatted. (This step is not necessary with OS/2 `warp' 3.0.) 3. Add the partition to the Boot Manager. 4. Boot Linux, and create a file system on the
Linux-Misc Digest #363
Linux-Misc Digest #363, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 08:13:02 EDT
Contents:
Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 6 of 6)
([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: kernel with CDROM support ("Andrew E. Schulman")
Crossposted-To: news.answers,comp.answers
Subject: Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 6 of 6)
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 06 Aug 2000 07:52:12 -0400
module, add the following to the /etc/modules.conf or
/etc/modutils/aliases file, whichever is present on your system.
$ alias module-name off
And use the name of the module that appears in the error message.
[J.H.M. Dassen]
10.2. Unknown Terminal Type "linux" and Similar.
In early kernels the default console terminal type has changed from
"console" to "linux." You must edit /etc/termcap to change the line
reading:
console|con80x25:\
to
linux|console|con80x25:\
(there may be an additional "dumb" in there--if so it should be
removed.)
To get the editor to work you may need type:
$ TERM=console
(for bash and ksh), or
$ setenv TERM console
for csh or tcsh.
Some programs use /usr/lib/terminfo instead of /etc/termcap. For these
programs you should upgrade your terminfo package, which is part of
ncurses.
The same is true for X terminal displays. If your distribution sets
the TERM to something strange like xterm-24-color, you can simply
reset it to a generic value from the command line:
$ TERM="xterm"; export TERM
10.3. INET: Warning: old style ioctl... called!
You are trying to use the old network configuration utilities. The new
ones can be found on
ftp.linux.org.uk/pub/linux/Networking/PROGRAMS/NetTools/ (source
only, I'm afraid).
Note that they cannot be used just like the old-style programs. See
the NET-2 HOWTO for instructions on how to set up the old-style
networking programs correctly. Even better, see the NET-3 HOWTO and
upgrade your networking software.
10.4. ld: unrecognized option '-m486'
You have an old version of ld. Install a newer binutils package--this
will contain an updated ld. Look on tsx-11.mit.edu in
/pub/linux/packages/GCC/ for binutils-2.6.0.2.bin.tar.gz.
10.5. GCC says, "Internal compiler error."
If the fault is repeatable (i.e., it always happens at the same place
in the same file--even after rebooting and trying again, using a
stable kernel) you have discovered a bug in GCC. See the GCC Info
documentation (type F1-i in Emacs, and select GCC from the menu) for
details on how to report the error--make sure you have the latest
version, though.
Note that this is probably not a Linux-specific problem. Unless you
are compiling a program many other Linux users also compile, you
should not post your bug report to any of the comp.os.linux groups.
If the problem is not repeatable, you may be experiencing memory
corruption--see ("Make Says, "Error 139."")
10.6. Make Says, "Error 139."
Your compiler (GCC) dumped core. You probably have a corrupted, buggy,
or old version of GCC--get the latest release or EGCS. Alternatively,
you may be running out of swap space--see ("My Machine Runs Very
Slowly when I Run GCC / X / ...")
If this doesn't fix the problem, you are probably having problems with
memory or disk corruption. Check that the clock rate, wait states, and
refresh timing for your SIMMS and cache are correct (hardware manuals
are sometimes wrong, too). If so, you may have some marginal SIMMS, or
a faulty motherboard or hard disk or controller.
Linux is a very good memory tester--much better than MS-DOS based
memory test programs.
Reportedly, some clone x87 math coprocessors can cause problems. Try
compiling a kernel with math emulation ("How Do I Upgrade/Recompile My
Kernel?") no387 kernel command line flag on the LILO prompt to force
the kernel to use math emulation, or it may be able to work and still
use the '387, with the math emulation compiled in but mainly unused.
More information about this problem is available on the Web at
http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/.
10.7. Shell-Init: Permission Denied when I Log in.
Your root directory and all the directories up to your home directory
must be readable and executable by everybody. See the manual page for
chmod or a book on Unix for how to fix the problem.
10.8. No Utmp Entry. You Must Exec ... when Logging in.
Your /var/run/utmp is screwed up. You should have
/var/run/utmp
in your /etc/rc.local or /etc/rc.d/*. See, ("I Have Screwed Up My
System and Can't Log in to Fix It.") Note that the utmp may also be
found in /var/adm/ or /etc/ on some older systems.
10.9. Warning--bdflush Not Running.
Modern kernels use a better strategy for writing cached disk blocks.
In addition to the kernel changes, this involves replacing the old
update program which used to write everything every 30 seconds with a
more subtle daemon (actually a pair), known as bdflush. Get
bdflush-n.n.tar.gz from the same place as the kernel source code
Linux-Misc Digest #362
Linux-Misc Digest #362, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 08:13:02 EDT
Contents:
Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 5 of 6)
([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Crossposted-To: news.answers,comp.answers
Subject: Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 5 of 6)
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 06 Aug 2000 07:51:53 -0400
/etc/inittab, which controls which terminals and virtual consoles
have login prompts. The X Window System needs at least one free VC in
order to start.
8.8. How Do I Set the Time Zone?
Change directory to /usr/lib/zoneinfo/. Get the time zone package if
you don't have this directory. The source is available in
ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/admin/time/.
Then make a symbolic link named localtime pointing to one of the files
in this directory (or a subdirectory), and one called posixrules
pointing to localtime. For example:
$ ln -sf US/Mountain localtime
$ ln -sf localtime posixrules
This change will take effect immediately--try date.
If the system uses Red Hat-style configuration files, the respective
time zone info files are /usr/share/zoneinfo and /etc/localtime.
The manual pages for tzset or tzselect describe setting the time zone.
Some programs recognize the "TZ" environment variable, but this is not
POSIX-correct.
You should also make sure that your Linux kernel clock is set to the
correct GMT time--type date -u and check that the correct UTC time is
displayed. ("The Computer Has the Wrong Time.")
8.9. How Do I Get Dial-up PPP to Work?
This information is mainly for people who do not have a wrapper
utility like kppp or pppconfig, or are not able to get those utilities
to work correctly. If you need to manually configure PPP to dial in to
your ISP, you will need the following information:
* The port that your modem is connected to: /dev/ttyS0--/dev/ttyS3,
which correspond to COM1-COM4 under MS-DOS.
* The phone number of your ISP's data connection.
* The user name and password that your ISP gave you.
* The IP addresses of the primary and possibly secondary Domain Name
Service that you will use when dialing in to the ISP. This assumes
that you will not be using a DNS that you installed on your
system.
When you have all of this information, make sure that the programs
pppd and chat, at the very minimum, are installed correctly. In most
current distributions, they are installed in the /usr/sbin/ directory,
and you will need to be logged in as root to use them. In addition,
the following programs are also useful for configuring network
connections, determining network status, and diagnosing problems:
/sbin/ifconfig, /sbin/route, /bin/ping, /usr/sbin/traceroute.
These are the basic steps that you need to follow to configure PPP.
You must be logged in as root.
* Make sure that the serial port and modem are operating correctly.
Using a program like minicomm or kermit, you should be able to
send AT commands to the modem and receive the OK string in
response from the modem.
* Enter the primary and possibly secondary Domain Name Server IP
addresses in the /etc/resolv.conf file, using dotted quad
notation, with the nameserver label. For example:
order hosts,bind
nameserver 196.182.101.103
nameserver 196.182.101.104
The nameserver addresses in the example above are examples only.
They don't correspond to actual network hosts.
The first line, order hosts,bind, tells your networking software,
when it resolves network domain addresses, to first look in the
/etc/hosts file, and then use the bind service; i.e., the DNS
servers, which are specified on the lines that begin with
nameserver.
* Locate the chat script that PPP will use to dial the modem and
connect to your ISP. In many systems, this is either in the
/etc/chatscripts or /etc/ppp directory, and will be called
provider or something similar. You can store a chat script
anywhere, provided that you tell pppd to use it rather than the
default script. Refer to the chat and pppd manual pages, and the
information below, for details. Here is a sample chat script:
ABORTBUSY
ABORT"NO CARRIER"
ABORTVOICE
ABORT"NO DIALTONE"
"" ATDTyour_isp's_phone_number
ogin your_user_name
word your_password
This is a chat program for a simple, script based login. The chat
program uses the pair of strings on each line as a match/response
pair. When it starts, it sends the string
"ATDTyour_isp's_phone_number," where you have substituted the
actual phone number of course. It then waits for the string ogin
(a substring of the word login) and sends your user name. It then
waits for word (a substring of password) and sends your password.
If your ISP uses a different login and password prompts, and any
additional prompts, you
Linux-Misc Digest #361
Linux-Misc Digest #361, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 08:13:02 EDT
Contents:
Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 4 of 6)
([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Crossposted-To: news.answers,comp.answers
Subject: Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers (Part 4 of 6)
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 06 Aug 2000 07:51:33 -0400
"ld: unrecognized option `-qmagic'" means that you should get a newer
linker, from ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/GCC/, in the file
binutils-2.8.1.0.1.bin.tar.gz.
6.12. How Do I Make a Shared Library?
For ELF,
$ gcc -fPIC -c *.c
$ gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libfoo.so.1 -o libfoo.so.1.0 *.o
For a.out, get tools-n.nn.tar.gz from
tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/GCC/src/. It comes with
documentation that will tell you what to do. Note that a.out shared
libraries are a very tricky business. Consider upgrading your
libraries to ELF shared libraries. See the ELF HOWTO, at
ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/
6.13. My Executables Are (Very) Large.
With an ELF compiler ("What's All This about ELF? glibc?"), the most
common cause of large executables is the lack of an appropriate .so
library link for one of the libraries you're using. There should be a
link like libc.so for every library like libc.so.5.2.18.
With an a.out compiler the most common cause of large executables is
the -g linker (compiler) flag. This produces (as well as debugging
information in the output file) a program which is statically
linked--one which includes a copy of the C library instead of a
dynamically linked copy.
Other things worth investigating are -O and -O2, which enable
optimization (check the GCC documentation), and -s (or the strip
command) which strip the symbol information from the resulting binary
(making debugging totally impossible).
You may wish to use -N on very small executables (less than 8K with
the -N), but you shouldn't do this unless you understand its
performance implications, and definitely never with daemons.
6.14. Does Linux Support Threads or Lightweight Processes?
As well as the Unix multiprocessing model involving heavyweight
processes, which is of course part of the standard Linux kernel, there
are several implementations of lightweight processes or threads.
Recent kernels implement a thread model, kthreads. In addition, there
are the following packages available for Linux.
* GNU glibc2 for Linux has optional support for threads. The archive
is available from the same place as glibc2,
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/
* In sipb.mit.edu:/pub/pthread/ or
ftp.ibp.fr:/pub/unix/threads/pthreads. Documentation isn't in the
package, but is available on the World Wide Web at
http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/proven/home_page.html. Newer Linux
libc's contain the pthreads source. The GNU Ada compiler on
ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/devel/lang/ada/gnat-3.01-linux+el
f.tar.gz contains binaries made from that source code.
* In ftp://ftp.cs.washington.edu:/pub/qt-001.tar.Z is QuickThreads.
More information can be found in the technical report, available
on the same site is /tr/1993/05/UW-CSE-93-05-06.PS.Z.
* In gummo.doc.ic.ac.uk/rex/ is lwp, a very minimal implementation.
* In ftp://ftp.cs.fsu.edu:/pub/PART/, an Ada implementation. This is
useful mainly because it has a lot of Postscript papers that
you'll find useful in learning more about threads. This is not
directly usable under Linux.
Please contact the authors of the packages in question for details.
6.15. Where Can I Get lint for Linux?
Roughly equivalent functionality is built into GCC. Use the -Wall
option to turn on most of the useful extra warnings. See the GCC
manual for more details (type F1-i in Emacs and select the entry for
GCC).
There is a freely available program called lclint that does much the
same thing as traditional lint. The announcement and source code are
available at on ftp://larch.lcs.mit.edu/pub/Larch/lclint/; on the
World Wide Web, look at
http://larch-www.lcs.mit.edu:8001/larch/lclint.html.
6.16. Where Can I find Kermit for Linux?
Kermit is distributed under a non-GPL copyright that makes its terms
of distribution somewhat different. The sources and some binaries are
available on ftp://kermit.columbia.edu.
The WWW Home Page of the Columbia University Kermit project is
http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/.
6.17. I Want to Use Linux with My Cable Modem.
The www.CablemodemInfo.com and xDSL Web page at
http://www.cablemodeminfo.com/ has a section devoted to Linux.
6.18. Is There an ICQ Program That Runs under Linux?
Several ICQ clients are available on metlab.unc.edu. (See Where can I
get Linux material by FTP? .) ICQ itself does not have a Linux client,
but there is a Java client at http://www.mirabilis.com/download/.
7. Solutions to Common Miscellaneous Problems
7.1. PPP Connection Dies when Sending Large Files.
Linux-Misc Digest #364
Linux-Misc Digest #364, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 12:13:03 EDT
Contents:
How to make a kernel for bootable CD-ROM (Lloyd Bryant)
Re: Modifying Redhat 6.2 (Akira Yamanita)
Re: Virtual Desktops (Michael Tefft)
Linux vs Windows ME ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
UDMA IDE Drive stops network transfers (David Steuber)
Re: rsh and password (David Steuber)
Re: Modifying Redhat 6.2 (Frank Hale)
A video card dolt (David Rysdam)
kde 2.0 beta 3 (Daniel Bechard)
Adabas (Daniel Bechard)
Re: Modem doesn't work (and it's not a WinModem) ("Kristofor Wiklund")
WTB: used eDesktop 2.40 (Jerry McBride)
Mouse problems in linux ("Rick")
Re: Modifying Redhat 6.2 (David Rysdam)
sending fax (Daniel Bechard)
Linux on Toshiba laptop ?? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 07:20:34 -0500
From: Lloyd Bryant [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: How to make a kernel for bootable CD-ROM
I'm playing with the "NIC" ("New Internet Computer" -
http://www.thinknic.com). For those unfamiliar, this is a Linux based
machine that runs from a CD-ROM (no real hard drive at all, just a small
IDE flash drive for configuration data).
I'm trying to burn a bootable CD, using a kernel that I've built. I've
been successful at burning a working CD using the kernel image off of
the original NIC CD, but every time I try burning one with my own kernel
image, I get the following:
***
1. FD 1.44 MB System Type - (00)
Loading.
Uncompressing Linux...
Ran out of input data
--- System Halted
I am creating the boot image as follows:
"make bzdisk" (with a floppy in the drive)
"dd bs=8192 if=/dev/fd0 of=bootimage"
Obviously, this isn't the proper way to make a boot image for a CD (and
I have the coasters to prove it!). It was just the only thing I could
think of
BTW: The floppy created using this process works just fine.
As noted above, I can burn the CD using their image, and everything
works, so I'm fairly certain I'm not messing up the CD creating process
itself.
One comment: Looking at the NIC boot image (via Midnight Commander),
the first 512 bytes looks like an old floppy boot sector (it even has
the FAT12 text, and a pointer to "LINUX SYS", which I'm guessing is the
actual boot image). The boot image I pulled off of floppy doesn't even
resemble this.
Anybody have any tips, pointers to FAQ's, etc? At this point, any clue
would be appreciated
Lloyd Bryant
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
--
From: Akira Yamanita [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Modifying Redhat 6.2
Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 12:54:20 GMT
Frank Hale wrote:
I am in the process of changing the packages which are installed with RH
6.2. I will then burn it to CD so that it can be installed. Since I am
making rather large changes to the installed packages I want to change
the release name (Zoot) to something like (Zoot-Update) or something
like that so that when I log in or someone else installs my CD they will
know that its been updated. Which RPM is this stored in. I tried
redhat-release.rpm but this doesn't contain version number or release
name. Those 2 things I am looking for.
thanks,
Frank
initscripts
The destination file is /etc/rc.d/rc.local. That's what writes
/etc/issue and /etc/issue.net on boot.
--
Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 09:09:25 -0400
From: Michael Tefft [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Virtual Desktops
N/A wrote:
how do i turn off off virtual desktops so i can use xvidtune so i can stop
my display from being MASSIVELY large so i can see it all
explain in newbie language please thank you.
--
Posted via CNET Help.com
http://www.help.com/
Just log out and run xf86config from the command line. Then choose a
different setting for your desktop. Ctrl-Alt-backspace will also
break you out of X.
--
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Linux vs Windows ME
Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 13:09:57 GMT
As you all know, the future of Linux and Windows ME
are dependent on their stability in the marketplace.
In a consumer and capitalistic society, products dissappear
if there is no demand, or there is a better product that can
be gotten and is widely available.
Now Linux is based on a free system. There are currently
3 main free systems in capitalistic societies... namely
1) radio (ear)
2) television (eyes and ear)
3) internet stuff (eyes and ear) coming real soon.
Movies are not free (unless they have gone through editing
and are shown TV after the theatres have had their profits
from them).
Because capitalistic societies depend on profit and demand,
these two things must exist for products to remain in existence.
Radios shows are in demand (people in cars or elsewhere
want something to listen to for free).
Linux-Misc Digest #365
Linux-Misc Digest #365, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 14:13:03 EDT Contents: Re: Diald problem (Frank Hahn) Re: LP Admin Question (Marc D Bumble) ADSL with Suse 6.2 (Volker =?iso-8859-1?Q?K=F6ster?=) Re: Modifying Redhat 6.2 (Frank Hale) sending fax (Daniel Bechard) sending Fax (Daniel Bechard) Re: Adabas (John E Suche) Re: Modem doesn't work (and it's not a WinModem) (Rob Clark) Re: ADSL with Suse 6.2 (Hal Burgiss) Re: Modem doesn't work (and it's not a WinModem) (David Rysdam) Re: rsh and password (brian moore) libtermcap.so (Andrew J. Perrin) Re: Linux vs Windows ME (brian moore) Re: Modifying Redhat 6.2 (Robert Jones) Should I build up an athlon box or buy an Imac DV? ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) Re: Modifying Redhat 6.2 (David Rysdam) Re: Modifying Redhat 6.2 (Frank Hale) Re: Operating systems for personal-computers? (The Cookie Monster) From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Frank Hahn) Subject: Re: Diald problem Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 16:10:01 GMT Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] On Sun, 6 Aug 2000 04:17:55 + (UTC), David Efflandt [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Fri, 04 Aug 2000, Mark Hymers [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: diald daemon however as everytime a local machine wanted to access any internal network resource, diald tried to start up the connection. Is there a way of only starting the connection when an external connection is required. Finally, a better solution from my point of view would be to have a windows 98 client program which allowed people to turn the link on and off and view the status. Is this possible as my family use Windows (they refuse to try Linux) and I am leaving soon and want to leave the network set up properly. Probably DNS queries or SMB broadcasts are triggering it. You can set filters for things like SMB (netbios ports 137, 138, 139). For DNS either run your own caching nameserver, also set up with forward and reverse lookup zones for your LAN, or at least make sure that you have names for all local IP's in /etc/hosts (and possibly \windows\hosts, not hosts.sam). There have been many filters posted int he past for diald to keep MS Windows machines from bringing up the link with their many lookups. This can be done either with diald or with rules given to ipchains. A search of http://www.deja.com should be able to find these. For an MS Windows program that can control the diald program, go search for a program called dialmon. I believe the home page is: http://www.quaking.demon.co.uk/dialmon.html Until you get diald working, I would not waste time setting up the dialmon program. There have been several How-Tos written on this. Another place to look is past issues of the Linux Gazette. Try: http://www.linuxgazette.com -- Frank Hahn Whenever I hear anyone arguing for slavery, I feel a strong impulse to see it tried on him personally. -- A. Lincoln -- Subject: Re: LP Admin Question From: Marc D Bumble [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: 06 Aug 2000 12:15:51 -0400 have you tried running printtool as root? marc "David" == David [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: David I am new to Linux and need to find the name of the printer David on our SuSe 6.1 machine. I am adding the printer (as David remote) to an HP-UX box. David There are 3 files in /dev: lp0, lp1 lp2. There is a David /var/spool/lp1 directory, but using "lp1" from the remote David host does not work. Neither does "/dev/lp1". A test print David from the remote host appears to be sent, but never gets to David the printer. David What is the Linux equivalent utility to lpstat or lpadmin? David Thanks in advance. David David. David Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/ Before you buy. -- -- From: Volker =?iso-8859-1?Q?K=F6ster?= [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: ADSL with Suse 6.2 Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 18:19:45 +0200 Hi, I wanted to run ADSL under Suse Linux 6.2, so I updated my Kernel from version 2.2.10 to current version 2.2.16. The new kernel works quiet smoothly, but I'm not sure if I also have do update my system libaries to emulate a Suse 6.3 system (if I have to update my libaries which do I have to update?). But in general: Is it possible to run T-DSL (the ADSL version from German Telekom) with Suse 6.2? After I ran the new kernel, I installed the pppoed-0.42-0 and tried to initiate a connection with the T-Online server, but the log file (/var/log/messages) just told me that Linux coudn't open the file /dev/pppoex. What do I have to do to fix this problem? Volker PS: Antworten können auch in Deutsch erfolgen ;-) -- From: Frank Hale [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Modifying Redhat 6.2 Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 16:24:35 GMT David Rysdam wrote: Have you looked at the scripts that are in the redhat-release rpm? Maybe one of them fills the
Linux-Misc Digest #366
Linux-Misc Digest #366, Volume #25Sun, 6 Aug 00 19:13:03 EDT
Contents:
Re: where find gnome-ppp users guide ("Kevin Vandersloot")
Re: Data repository? (Steven Lee)
Directory sread? (Dave Barcelo)
Re: Linux vs Windows ME ("D. C. M. V. Sessions")
Backup /usr files (permissions?), repartition, restore? (MH)
Re: SCSI Timeout Problems (Stuart R. Fuller)
Animations in Gimp (Robert J Carter)
Suse Linux 6.4 and Mylex DAC960 PDU Raid Controller Problems (Ashley)
Re: libtermcap.so (Shaun)
Re: Animations in Gimp (Dances With Crows)
Re: Directory sread? (Dances With Crows)
Re: kde 2.0 beta 3 (Martin Skjöldebrand)
Re: when will we see RH6.3? 7.0? (Vegard Engen)
Re: sending Fax (E J)
Re: ADSL with Suse 6.2 (Randy Cooper)
Re: rsh and password ("Andrew N. McGuire ")
Re: Linux on Toshiba laptop ?? (E J)
Need XF86Config for Tecra 8100 ("Lam Dang")
Modem Lights App for Windoze? ("gavin.liquorish")
aliases in modules.conf ("Gerard Milmeister")
Re: Should I build up an athlon box or buy an Imac DV? (MH)
Re: when will we see RH6.3? 7.0? (Christopher Browne)
Re: Modem doesn't work (and it's not a WinModem) (Bit Twister)
VNC and my proxy (Maik unruh)
Re: (Peter Mitchell)
What do you mean by this? (Yet Yu Lee)
Re: linux can't boot (Peter Mitchell)
From: "Kevin Vandersloot" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: where find gnome-ppp users guide
Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 18:19:54 GMT
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
joebuck [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Where can I find the gnome-ppp users guide for
downloading? I downloaded the gnome users guide
and it apparently does not include the gnome-ppp
users guide.
Nowhere. gnome-ppp is not actively developed.
Consider using RedHat's dial-up tool rp3. It is
disigned for gnome and is actively developed.
--
From: Steven Lee [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Data repository?
Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 14:29:53 +0200
In article 8mhn0s$d0c$[EMAIL PROTECTED], "jeff"
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
In my software searches, I have not been able to find a "data
repository."
I'm looking for something vaguely like Info Select, but simpler would be
ok,
and a command line interface would be fine. Mainly just a place to
easily
store and quickly search and retrieve from lots of bits of diverse text
information. Any suggestions?
I have no idea what Info Select is. What's wrong with grep?
--
Steven Lee
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
--
From: Dave Barcelo [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Directory sread?
Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 13:36:25 -0500
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
What does this mean?
Aug 6 04:02:11 dh231b04 kernel: Directory sread (sector 0x20) failed
Aug 6 04:02:11 dh231b04 kernel: attempt to access beyond end of device
Aug 6 04:02:11 dh231b04 kernel: 02:00: rw=0, want=16, limit=4
Aug 6 04:02:11 dh231b04 kernel: dev 02:00 blksize=512 blocknr=32
sector=32 size=512 count=1
Is it due to a configuration error on my part?
Thanks
dave
--
From: "D. C. M. V. Sessions" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Linux vs Windows ME
Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 11:42:05 -0700
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
As you all know, the future of Linux and Windows ME
are dependent on their stability in the marketplace.
Gross oversimplification.
In a consumer and capitalistic society, products dissappear
if there is no demand, or there is a better product that can
be gotten and is widely available.
Now Linux is based on a free system. There are currently
3 main free systems in capitalistic societies... namely
1) radio (ear)
2) television (eyes and ear)
3) internet stuff (eyes and ear) coming real soon.
[Snip lots more analysis based on fundamental misunderstanding.]
You can add another: Science is free. When someone makes a
scientific discovery, they publish it for any and all others
to review, critique, reproduce, and build upon. Whatever
economic theories you may have will have to deal with this
reality, because no other system for scientific discovery
tried in human history comes close to the open publication
system in terms of results.
--
| Bogus as it might seem, people, this really is a deliverable |
| e-mail address. Of course, there isn't REALLY a lumber cartel.|
| There isn't really a tooth fairy, but whois toothfairy.com works. |
+--- D. C. M. V. Sessions [EMAIL PROTECTED] --+
--
From: MH [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Backup /usr files (permissions?), repartition, restore?
Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 11:50:43 -0700
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
I need to increase the size of my /usr partition. I performed a backup
of /usr to a drive on another machine using cp -a. I noticed "unable to
perform operation" errors as the files were being copied. I assume this
has to do with file permissions, since most files in /usr are owned by
