Word count ;-)
Read the comments here about word count in OpenOffice:: http://linuxtoday.com/news_story.php3?ltsn=2002-05-13-014-26-RV-DT-SW&tbovrmode=1#talkback_area We have a word count function too, somewhat hidden: custom export to ASCII defining the command as wc -w. Should this be provided more explicitly? And how hard is it to export the select buffer instead of the whole document? Martin msg19262/pgp0.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: can't undo math panel edit
On Mon, May 13, 2002 at 06:36:54PM -0400, Nirmal Govind wrote: > I used the "underscore" feature in the math panel which looks like a dotted > box with a line below it in the math panel (1.1.6fix4). So that puts a line > below whatever math character I have. But if I select this character with > the "underscore" and try to undo this underscore then I can't undo it.. so > I have to delete the whole character and then retype it without the > underscore. Is there any other way to undo the underscore? I don't know about 1.1.6 (haven't any on my new box here), but in 1.2.0pre* you can put the cursor in fornt of the underlined item and press 'backspace' to remove the \underbar. > Would it be possible to add a feature where the dotted-box-with-underscore > in the math panel is depressed when I select the underscored character so > that if I click the dotted-box-with-underscore on the math panel then it > will get un-depressed and the underscore is removed? I think this won't happen as it wouldn't be possible to input things like double underbars etc anymore (and means extra code for that matter) Andre' -- Those who desire to give up Freedom in order to gain Security, will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. (T. Jefferson)
Re: why amsmath as default ?
On Tue, May 14, 2002 at 11:58:30AM +0900, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > In the book layout style, lyx seems to use amsmath (via, i.e., > \usepackage{amsmath}) whenever document contains equations(in-line, or > display style equations). Is this feature intended, or a bug ? I use > lyx-1.2.0cvs. > > The reason why I ask this queation is that I cannot break multi-line > equations in amsmath style. Can anybody teach me how to break multi-line > equations in amsmath? There is an error in the logic. We probably should not try to "guess" when to use AMS math but just use the preference setting (which may default to "true", of course...) Currently, AMS is used whenever the export functions think it is necessary (and in a few cases more to be "safe"). This obviously slaps back in your case. I have been thinking about removing that "feature" for quite a while but since nobody complained so far and there are two people or three who even liked it, I have not done it - and now it's too late for 1.2 I suppose. You can change that in your local copy by fixing the ams() function in math_hullinset.C (comment out the 'return true' and use the currently commented out return statement instead) And please file a bug report on bugzilla.lyx.org to make sure the problem will not be forgotten. Andre' -- Those who desire to give up Freedom in order to gain Security, will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. (T. Jefferson)
why amsmath as default ?
Hello, In the book layout style, lyx seems to use amsmath (via, i.e., \usepackage{amsmath}) whenever document contains equations(in-line, or display style equations). Is this feature intended, or a bug ? I use lyx-1.2.0cvs. The reason why I ask this queation is that I cannot break multi-line equations in amsmath style. Can anybody teach me how to break multi-line equations in amsmath? Thank you for help, --cghan
Re: Search Path for dvips
On 13 May, To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > On 13 May, Dave Tweten wrote: >> Initially quoting me, [EMAIL PROTECTED] said: What can I do to make dvips find the .eps files on some LyX search path that contains ~/.lyx/clipart/? >> >>>man kpsepath >> >> I tried that. It produced >> >> No manual entry for kpsepath > > OK, it is my mistake, dvips does not seem to be able to find > pictures in search path. OK, this saying that it was mistake, was mistake itself :-)!!! 1) Try running kpsepath pict then put your pictures to any directory which is said by kpsepath to be searched by kpsearch library (i.e., which has three / characters in the end); I tried ~/.texmf/tex/generic. 2) It should be OK and I have successfully translated it with LaTeX-dvips way, but pdflatex failed (it is apparently not able to find images produced by METAPOST, which are not in local directory). Any other thoughts anyone? Matej -- Matej Cepl, [EMAIL PROTECTED] 138 Highland Ave. #10, Somerville, Ma 02143, (617) 623-1488
Re: Search Path for dvips
On 13 May, Dave Tweten wrote: > Initially quoting me, [EMAIL PROTECTED] said: >>>What can I do to make dvips find the .eps files on some LyX >>>search path that contains ~/.lyx/clipart/? > >>man kpsepath > > I tried that. It produced > > No manual entry for kpsepath OK, it is my mistake, dvips does not seem to be able to find pictures in search path. But (if the number of pictures is small and there are always the same pictures), why not to make some script like this which could replace latex in Edit/Configure (where TeX->LaTeX command is defined): #!/bin/sh for img in (~/images/*.eps); do ln -sf $img . ; done latex $1 rm -f *.eps (of course you cannot have any .eps files in the actual directory _before_)? Matej -- Matej Cepl, [EMAIL PROTECTED] 138 Highland Ave. #10, Somerville, Ma 02143, (617) 623-1488 There's a long-standing bug relating to the x86 architecture that allows you to install Windows. -- Matthew D. Fuller
can't undo math panel edit
Hi, I'm having a problem with undoing an edit that I made with the math panel. I used the "underscore" feature in the math panel which looks like a dotted box with a line below it in the math panel (1.1.6fix4). So that puts a line below whatever math character I have. But if I select this character with the "underscore" and try to undo this underscore then I can't undo it.. so I have to delete the whole character and then retype it without the underscore. Is there any other way to undo the underscore? Would it be possible to add a feature where the dotted-box-with-underscore in the math panel is depressed when I select the underscored character so that if I click the dotted-box-with-underscore on the math panel then it will get un-depressed and the underscore is removed? I don't know if this has already been done in 1.2pre since I haven't installed it (since I use cygwin)... Thanks, nirmal
Re: upper case subscript, vertical spacing within a matrix
>Put the following line in the preamble >\newcommand{\sub}[1]{\raisebox{-1pt}{$\scriptstyle #1$}} >and when you write the subscript, (for example, suppose it is 'A'), >write \sub{A (on screen you will see sub{A}). Thanks Dekel... I tried it.. and it seems the braces {} shouldn't be there.. so \subA works.. Is there a way by which I can make this the default so that I don't have to type this in for every subscript I write but instead just do the usual in math mode? >\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.1} Aah.. this works great! nirmal
Re: Search Path for dvips
Initially quoting me, [EMAIL PROTECTED] said: >>What can I do to make dvips find the .eps files on some LyX search >>path that contains ~/.lyx/clipart/? >man kpsepath I tried that. It produced No manual entry for kpsepath I then used locate to find the two kpse* man pages that do exist, for kpsestat and for kpsewhich. I read kpsewhich's help output and its man page. Together they lead me to believe that maybe kpsewhich --format graphic/figure NAS.eps might return the full path name of NAS.eps to standard output. Or maybe I'd have to use one dash, or maybe just "graphic", or maybe just "figure", or maybe forget the "--format" option entirely and just give kpsewhich the file name. Anyway, no combination produced anything to standard output at all, which was one episode in a weekend of frustration lead me to ask my question in the first place. Anybody have a candidate answer that might work? -- M/S 258-5 | 1024-bit PGP fingerprint: | [EMAIL PROTECTED] NASA Ames Research Center | 41 B0 89 0A 8F 94 6C 59 | (650) 604-4416 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 | 7C 80 10 20 25 C7 2F E6 | FAX: (650) 604-4377 We each earn what freedom of speech we defend for those who most offend us.
Re: Search Path for dvips
On Mon, May 13, 2002 at 01:08:12PM -0700, Dave Tweten wrote: > What can I do to make dvips find the .eps files on some LyX search path that > contains ~/.lyx/clipart/? I'd prefer to make use of a search path rather than > use full-path file names. Who knows? Someone else might want to use my > layout file some day. man kpsepath Matej
Re: upper case subscript, vertical spacing within a matrix
On Sun, May 12, 2002 at 01:19:52PM -0400, Nirmal Govind wrote: > Hi, > > Two issues: > > 1. When I write an upper case subscript for a bold letter within the math > mode, my subscript isn't low enough and thus the top of the subscript is > very close to the top of the bold letter. LyX displays it fine in the > editor but the dvi and ps output have this problem. How do I correct this? Put the following line in the preamble \newcommand{\sub}[1]{\raisebox{-1pt}{$\scriptstyle #1$}} and when you write the subscript, (for example, suppose it is 'A'), write \sub{A (on screen you will see sub{A}). > 2. How do I control the vertical spacing between elements in a > column/matrix within the math mode? I have a vector in a column format and > the elements of the vector are what I've mentioned above (bold letters with > upper case subscripts). The whole vector seems too compressed in the > output... it would be great if I could add some space between the elements > in the vector. \renewcommand\arraystretch{1.1}
Search Path for dvips
I use a modified version of the FoilTeX layout file (~/.lyx/layouts/foils.layout). Among other things, it uses a Preamble/EndPreamble block to put two Encapsulated PostScript logos into my slides' left and right headers. \leftheader{\resizebox{!}{\headheight}{\includegraphics{CodeI.eps}}} \rightheader{\resizebox{!}{\headheight}{\includegraphics{NAS.eps}}} Unfortunately, this only seems to work when the .eps files are in the same directory as the .lyx file defining my slides. That's a pain. I don't want to duplicate the .eps files and I don't want to have to put all .lyx files for slides in the same directory. What can I do to make dvips find the .eps files on some LyX search path that contains ~/.lyx/clipart/? I'd prefer to make use of a search path rather than use full-path file names. Who knows? Someone else might want to use my layout file some day. Incidently, I use lyx-1.1.6.4 (version 1.1.6 fix 4) and teTeX-1.0.7_1 (made of teTeX-src-1.0.7.tar.gz and teTeX-texmf-1.0.2.tar.gz) from the FreeBSD ports collection. Thanks in advance for any ignorance reduction you can help me achieve. -- M/S 258-5 | 1024-bit PGP fingerprint: | [EMAIL PROTECTED] NASA Ames Research Center | 41 B0 89 0A 8F 94 6C 59 | (650) 604-4416 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 | 7C 80 10 20 25 C7 2F E6 | FAX: (650) 604-4377 We each earn what freedom of speech we defend for those who most offend us.
test
got a warning message about the messages from the list to me were being bounced. -- You can't leave footprints in the sands of time if you're sitting on your butt. And who wants to leave butt prints in the sands of time? -Bob Moawad Rodney Kanno Webpage: http://home.hawaii.rr.com/kanno65 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: 1.2.0pre5 possible bug at edit->reconfigure ?
Paco Cruz wrote: > When I do Edit->Reconfigure after changing xdvi->kdvi, > acroread->kghostview and so on, the following happens: > > - my ./lyx/lyxrc.defaults is erased > > - a new "preferences" file is created in that directory overwriting the > old one, *and* > > - I lost all my preferences (kdvi and kghostview for viewing outputs), > and xdvi, acroread and gv are the defaults viewers again :-( > the lyxrc file is no more used. all user-defined parameters stored in the file preferences. Maybe that you have two installion dirs. LyX1.2.0 is installed by default in /usr/local/share/lyx older versions often in /usr/share/lyx have a look at it and delete the old files. Herbert -- http://www.lyx.org/help/
Re: lyx-1.2.0pre5 (or pre4) problem
On Mon, May 13, 2002 at 10:47:16AM +0100, Angus Leeming wrote: > On Monday 13 May 2002 7:57 am, Koen Martens wrote: > > Is it mandatory to remove my old 1.1.6-4 before testing 1.2.0pre5 (or > > pre4)?? +Right now it just exits with the message 'Aborted' if I run it > > from +src/lyx-1.2.0pre5/lyx. I checked the requirements, I have > > xforms-0.89.5 (the +doc says 0.89.6 will work best, but older versions will > > work).. Any +suggestions? > > When configuring lyx prior to making it, use the --with-version-suffix > option. It results in a binary lyx-1.2.0 and, more importantly, all the > support syuff is placed in /usr/local/share/lyx-1.2.0. Ditto for your own > preferences, which go in $HOME/.lyx-1.2.0 Thanks for the tip. I tried it, but with no succes. Lyx just configures itself, then briefly shows a lyx window+splash, and after that: Aborted. Just that. Nothing else. Should I use xforms 0.89.6 , is 0.89.5 really incompatible with the new lyx?? Thanks for any more advice, Koen -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Koen Martens) http://www.metro.cx/
Re: Displaying Figures
Cormac Driver wrote: > Hi, > > I'm new to LyX and running Windows 2000. I'm having some problems displaying >figures. When I insert a .eps or .ps graphic and try to export to pdf i get the >following error message: > you need the pdf-format for the images. convert by hand with "convert figure.eps figure.pdf" od use the script from Steffen http://www.lyx.org/help/pdf/pdf.php3#export http://www.lyx.org/help/pdf/pdf.php3#convert Herbert -- http://www.lyx.org/help/
Re: The "TeX" button on 1.20pre5
On Mon, May 13, 2002 at 05:02:15PM +0200, Renaud MICHEL wrote: > > Could you file an "enhancement request" for the 1.3 series on > > bugzilla.lyx.org? > > Can't this be done in the 1.2 series? > I suppose there won't be any other change in 1.2.0 than bugfixes, but can't > this be in 1.2.1? I suppose it could if it's not too intrusive, but let's have 1.2.0 out first... Things like that made it "in" during the 1.1.6fix series anyway... Andre' -- Those who desire to give up Freedom in order to gain Security, will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. (T. Jefferson)
Re: The "TeX" button on 1.20pre5
Le Lundi 13 Mai 2002 10:02, vous avez écrit : > On Fri, May 10, 2002 at 09:13:30AM -0400, Max Bian wrote: > > Would it be better to make it work like this: insert an ERT box when > > there is no selection; create an ERT box with the selected text when > > there is selection; warn when the selection contains illegal elements. > > This would be better, indeed. > > Could you file an "enhancement request" for the 1.3 series on > bugzilla.lyx.org? Can't this be done in the 1.2 series? I suppose there won't be any other change in 1.2.0 than bugfixes, but can't this be in 1.2.1? -- Renaud Michel Dieu, c'est comme le sucre dans le lait chaud : Il est partout et on ne le voit pas, et plus on le cherche moins on le trouve. COLUCHE
Re: [test]
Angus Leeming <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: | On Wednesday 08 May 2002 11:07 am, Lars Gullik Bjønnes wrote: >> [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Lars Gullik Bjønnes) writes: >> | Does this work both ways? >> >> Yes it does. (cool) >> >> Thanks to whoever set this up. >> >> Ok, there is a newserver up and running with a gateway to the lyx >> mailing lists now. >> >> gmane.editors.lyx.devel(lyx-devel) >> gmame.editors.lyx.general (lyx-users) >> gmane.editors.lyx.cvs (lyx-cvs) >> gmame.editors.lyx.announce (lyx-announce) >> gmane.editors.lyx.documentation (lyx-docs) >> >> >> the newsserver is at >> >> news.gmane.org (port 119, the standard nntp port) >> >> It requires a authorization for the first post in each group. > | Shouldn't this go on the web site? Sure, just add it there. -- Lgb
Re: [test]
On Wednesday 08 May 2002 11:07 am, Lars Gullik Bjønnes wrote: > [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Lars Gullik Bjønnes) writes: > | Does this work both ways? > > Yes it does. (cool) > > Thanks to whoever set this up. > > Ok, there is a newserver up and running with a gateway to the lyx > mailing lists now. > > gmane.editors.lyx.devel(lyx-devel) > gmame.editors.lyx.general (lyx-users) > gmane.editors.lyx.cvs (lyx-cvs) > gmame.editors.lyx.announce (lyx-announce) > gmane.editors.lyx.documentation (lyx-docs) > > > the newsserver is at > > news.gmane.org (port 119, the standard nntp port) > > It requires a authorization for the first post in each group. Shouldn't this go on the web site? Angus
pdflatex and type 3
My pdflatex generates a file using type 3 fonts. I don't have any type 3 fonts, and so the resulting file is not right. I have looked through the documentation for pdftex, but the answer is not immediately obvious to me, and this is not something I have time to figure out. Does anybody know off hand what the problem is, and how I should fix it?
Re: 1.2.0pre5 install problems
That's the problem I had. It is caused by the old UI file. Look into the preferences file. Find the line that says: \ui_file "/usr/share/lyx/ui/default" And change it accordingly. Max --- [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > On Mon, 13 May 2002, Robin Turner wrote: > > Yes! That was it! Thank you Robin! :-) I knew it was just too simple and > so close to my face I couldn't see it! > > cheers, > jamie > > > On Monday 13 May 2002 11:02, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > > > On Mon, 13 May 2002, Herbert Voss wrote: > > > > what happens after edit->reconfigure and restart of LyX? > > > > > > There's no reconfigure on the edit menu! Only cut, copy, paste, and > > > emphasize. > > > > > > When the program opens there is only a file menu. When I open a new > > > or old doc, then only edit and document menus appear. > > > > > > It really seems crippled. Hoping this provides a further clue. > > > > I had a similar problem with one of the CVS builds (typing resulted > > in "unknown conmmand" messages, items missing from menus). In my > > case, removing my old lyx and the .lyx directory in my home directory > > before reinstalling fixed it. > > > > Robin > __ Do You Yahoo!? LAUNCH - Your Yahoo! Music Experience http://launch.yahoo.com
Re: 1.2.0pre5 install problems
On Mon, 13 May 2002, Robin Turner wrote: Yes! That was it! Thank you Robin! :-) I knew it was just too simple and so close to my face I couldn't see it! cheers, jamie > On Monday 13 May 2002 11:02, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > > On Mon, 13 May 2002, Herbert Voss wrote: > > > what happens after edit->reconfigure and restart of LyX? > > > > There's no reconfigure on the edit menu! Only cut, copy, paste, and > > emphasize. > > > > When the program opens there is only a file menu. When I open a new > > or old doc, then only edit and document menus appear. > > > > It really seems crippled. Hoping this provides a further clue. > > I had a similar problem with one of the CVS builds (typing resulted > in "unknown conmmand" messages, items missing from menus). In my > case, removing my old lyx and the .lyx directory in my home directory > before reinstalling fixed it. > > Robin
Re: math formula in tables
On Mon, May 13, 2002 at 12:04:43PM +0200, Yann Collete wrote: > And what can I do if I want indexes to be displayed in displaystyle ? As you would do in LaTeX? Add a \displaystyle to your formula? Andre' -- Those who desire to give up Freedom in order to gain Security, will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. (T. Jefferson)
Re: math formula in tables
> > When I had a display style formula in a cell of a table and > > when I tried to render my lyx file as a ps file, latex complains > > about some missing }. > > Is there any solution to overcome this problem (I know latex does > > not understand this construction but, I'm a copy-paster addict > > and it makes my waste a lot of time to track these errors). > > Change the formula to inline style? And what can I do if I want indexes to be displayed in displaystyle ? YC
Re: 1.2.0pre5 install problems
On Mon, 13 May 2002, Lars Gullik [iso-8859-1] Bjønnes wrote: > And you did run a "make install"? Yes. jamie faunt
Re: lyx-1.2.0pre5 (or pre4) problem
On Monday 13 May 2002 7:57 am, Koen Martens wrote: > Hello, > > > Is it mandatory to remove my old 1.1.6-4 before testing 1.2.0pre5 (or > pre4)?? +Right now it just exits with the message 'Aborted' if I run it > from +src/lyx-1.2.0pre5/lyx. I checked the requirements, I have > xforms-0.89.5 (the +doc says 0.89.6 will work best, but older versions will > work).. Any +suggestions? > > Regards, > > Koen When configuring lyx prior to making it, use the --with-version-suffix option. It results in a binary lyx-1.2.0 and, more importantly, all the support syuff is placed in /usr/local/share/lyx-1.2.0. Ditto for your own preferences, which go in $HOME/.lyx-1.2.0 Angus
Re: 1.2.0pre5 install problems
On Monday 13 May 2002 11:02, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > On Mon, 13 May 2002, Herbert Voss wrote: > > what happens after edit->reconfigure and restart of LyX? > > There's no reconfigure on the edit menu! Only cut, copy, paste, and > emphasize. > > When the program opens there is only a file menu. When I open a new > or old doc, then only edit and document menus appear. > > It really seems crippled. Hoping this provides a further clue. I had a similar problem with one of the CVS builds (typing resulted in "unknown conmmand" messages, items missing from menus). In my case, removing my old lyx and the .lyx directory in my home directory before reinstalling fixed it. Robin -- "Bravo Epictetus!" - Epictetus Robin Turner IDMYO, Bilkent Universitesi Ankara 06533 Turkey http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~robin
Displaying Figures
Hi, I'm new to LyX and running Windows 2000. I'm having some problems displaying figures. When I insert a .eps or .ps graphic and try to export to pdf i get the following error message: Error: Unknown graphics extension: .eps. When I try to export to ps I get this message: Error: Cannot determine size of graphic Any help with this would be appreciated greatly. Please reply offlist, thanks a lot, Cormac
Re: 1.2.0pre5 install problems
[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: | On Mon, 13 May 2002, Herbert Voss wrote: > >> what happens after edit->reconfigure and restart of LyX? > | There's no reconfigure on the edit menu! Only cut, copy, paste, and | emphasize. > | When the program opens there is only a file menu. When I open a new or old | doc, then only edit and document menus appear. > | It really seems crippled. Hoping this provides a further clue. And you did run a "make install"? -- Lgb
Re: math formula in tables
On Mon, May 13, 2002 at 09:31:37AM +0200, Yann Collete wrote: > I have a problem with lyx-1.1.6fix4. > When I had a display style formula in a cell of a table and > when I tried to render my lyx file as a ps file, latex complains > about some missing }. > Is there any solution to overcome this problem (I know latex does > not understand this construction but, I'm a copy-paster addict > and it makes my waste a lot of time to track these errors). Change the formula to inline style? Andre' -- Those who desire to give up Freedom in order to gain Security, will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. (T. Jefferson)
Re: The "TeX" button on 1.20pre5
On Fri, May 10, 2002 at 09:13:30AM -0400, Max Bian wrote: > Would it be better to make it work like this: insert an ERT box when > there is no selection; create an ERT box with the selected text when > there is selection; warn when the selection contains illegal elements. This would be better, indeed. Could you file an "enhancement request" for the 1.3 series on bugzilla.lyx.org? Andre' -- Those who desire to give up Freedom in order to gain Security, will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. (T. Jefferson)
Re: 1.2.0pre5 install problems
On Mon, 13 May 2002, Herbert Voss wrote: > what happens after edit->reconfigure and restart of LyX? There's no reconfigure on the edit menu! Only cut, copy, paste, and emphasize. When the program opens there is only a file menu. When I open a new or old doc, then only edit and document menus appear. It really seems crippled. Hoping this provides a further clue. jamie faunt
math formula in tables
Hello, I have a problem with lyx-1.1.6fix4. When I had a display style formula in a cell of a table and when I tried to render my lyx file as a ps file, latex complains about some missing }. Is there any solution to overcome this problem (I know latex does not understand this construction but, I'm a copy-paster addict and it makes my waste a lot of time to track these errors). Your sincerely, Yann COLLETTE
Re: How do you make the "therefore" symbol?
On Wed, May 08, 2002 at 09:48:46PM -0400, Steve Litt wrote: > The "therefore" symbol is used in mathematical proofs and the like. It's > three dots -- two on the bottom and one on top, forming an equilateral > triangle. Here's a text art representation: > >. > . . > > Anyone know how to make this? By typing \therefore in math. If you have 1.2.0 and your fonts are set up correctly, it even will show on scrren, otherwise you will get red text on screen but the proper symbol in print. Andre' -- Those who desire to give up Freedom in order to gain Security, will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. (T. Jefferson)
Re: How do you get into math panel?
On Thu, May 09, 2002 at 12:45:10AM +0100, John Levon wrote: > > Same for the "math menu". There's no such thing on my LyX. Exactly what > > keystrokes or mouse clicks do I use to get into the math menu? > > I'm not sure what this is. Are you reading the right version of the docs > ? 1.2.0 has an edit->math menu, but 1.1.6 doesn't. 1.1.6 has edit->math, 1.1.5 and 1.2.0 have insert->math. Moreover, in 1.2.0 you can simply right-click on any math inset to get the panel. Andre' -- Those who desire to give up Freedom in order to gain Security, will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. (T. Jefferson)