RE: append feature

[Hemachandran Karaha]

Dear Jonathan,

Thanks so much for addressing this topic. However, I don't understand your 
explanation. I am just a fortnight new to Mac. Kindly explain a little more.

Warmly,
Hema.


-Original Message-
From: macvisionaries@googlegroups.com  On 
Behalf Of Jonathan Cohn
Sent: 19 December 2018 03:01
To: macvisionaries@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: append feature

I believe that some of the keyboard macro programs can do this type of 
functionality. You could also create a tool using the automator app that could 
show up in the services menu and/or the contextual menu. Once a service 
automation is created, one can also assign any keyboard shortcut to that 
automation.

Take control of Automating Your Macintosh from Take Control Books can give you 
guidance in doing this.
  
> On Dec 18, 2018, at 3:22 AM, Hemachandran Karaha  wrote:
> 
> Dear all,
> 
> In Jaws there is a facility to continuously copy a series of texts. This 
> feature helps me to copy passages that I may be using later on.
> 
> Kindly let me know whether we can accomplish the same on Mac using 
> third-party apps. I will be grateful for a reply.
> 
> Take care,
> Hem.
> 
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Re: 4 tb hd, what is the best backup plan?

[Eric Oyen]

I was using the literal definition (to append linearly) Striping places a 
cylinder of each drive in order after the previous from another drive. It’s a 
bit different from simply appending a drive into the filesystem.

Thanks for the correction though.

Btw, trying to recover files from a striped raid is a real pain in the A$$ 
because of how files are written in the filesystem. Basically, if you lose any 
1 drive in that type of raid, you are effectively screwed. That’s the nice 
thing about mirroring. It creates a mirrored image on another drive of 
identical specification and then writes a CRC checksum to a primary drive (if 
all you have is 3, then the primary is drive 1 and the two mirrored are 2 and 3 
respectively. When adding to such a raid, you must always add 2 drives. Btw, if 
1 drive (other than the CRC drive) Fails, then recovery is as simple as 
removing the bad drive, inserting new and issuing the mirror command.

Anyway, that’s about the extent of my knowledge (I have used raid partitions 
before, but right now, I don’t have 1 setup.)

-Eric


> On Dec 18, 2018, at 6:30 PM, Steve Matzura  wrote:
> 
> 1. Concatenation? That's the same thing as striping, and there is no such 
> official RAID level called concatenation. The correct designations of RAID 
> levels are:
> 
> 
> 
> list of 5 items
> • RAID 0 (Disk striping): RAID 0 splits data across any number of disks 
> allowing higher data throughput. ... (Sounds like concatenation, doesn't it?)
> • RAID 1 (Disk Mirroring): ... Replicates or "shadows" volumes for failover 
> protection; if one disk fails, the volume remains intact and accessible.
> • RAID 5 (Striping with parity): ... 
> • RAID 6 (Striping with double parity): ... 
> • RAID 10 (Striping + Mirroring):
> list end
> 
> 
> 
> "Raid 10" is a misnomer. Its proper notation is RAID 1+0--mirroring plus 
> striping.
> 
> 
> 
> 2. RAID 5 and 6 are not a simple concatenation of disk space, like striping 
> is. A RAID 5 set consists of a minimum of three disks, one of which does not 
> contain any usable data. It is the disk that contains the checksum 
> information to recreate data in the event that any disk in the set is lost or 
> damaged. Therefore, the size of a RAID 5 set is equal to the value (n minus 
> 1) times the size of the smallest disk in the set. RAID 6 is the same as RAID 
> 5, but with an additional checksum disk, giving extra redundancy and 
> protection in case of failure. Synology is famous for using RAID 6, although 
> they call their version something else, and if I remember correctly, they say 
> it is not compatible with what most would call true RAID 6.
> 
> 
> 
> 3. Striping (RAID level 0) is the most dangerous kind of RAID arrangement on 
> which to rely totally because if you lose one disk, you lose it all. If I 
> were you, I'd seriously rethink that stripe set of yours.
> 
> 
> 
> 4. Don't combine striping and mirroring. It's inefficient, and could cost you 
> if you do it the wrong way. Plus, whether it's a mirrored stripe set or a 
> striped mirror, you're getting the space from  only half the disks used. 
> Choose RAID 5 instead; then you'll be getting the disk space from n-minus-1 
> times the size of the smallest disk (see above), and you can always add more, 
> one at a time, unlike a mirrored stripe or striped mirror, where you'll have 
> to add two disks at a time.
> 
> 
> 
> HTH
> 
> 
> 
> On 12/16/2018 1:28 PM, Eric Oyen wrote:
>> 
>> Well, I have found that to keep the prices down (IOW, keep your wallet from 
>> going nuclear), it would probably be best to get several of the smaller 
>> drives (like 4TB) and then raid them together . This will not only allow you 
>> a larger filesystem, but also increased performance. Striping raid is best 
>> for performance, while mirroring allows for complete redundant backup with a 
>> CRC failover. I have several 3 TB externals. Here all in raid 1 (striping), 
>> which gives me an effective 12 TB external with the max performance 
>> bandwidth that USB 3 can provide (it’s not as fast as the 3GPS SATA drives, 
>> but it’s more than fast enough).
>> 
>> Now, there are three methods of raid you need to be aware of (2 of which I 
>> just mentioned):
>> 1. Striping
>> 2. Mirroring
>> 3. Concatenation
>> 
>> The third one above simply allows you to append 1 drive to another. This is 
>> also the easiest method to use if you simply want to add more drives to the 
>> raid. It doesn’t have the performance of striping or the redundancy 
>> of mirroring, but as a simple large drive, it works ok.
>> 
>> Basically, it’s up to you what you want to use. Just bear in mind, none of 
>> the above solutions is for the newbie. A bit of reading will be required.
>> 
>> -Eric
>> 
>> 
>>> On Dec 16, 2018, at 2:49 AM, Ramy Moustafa >> > wrote:
>>> 
>>> Aha i understand now.
>>> but all my external HDs will be more than 4 TB, and i will not be able to 
>>> buy 8 TB HD.
>>> All my data now are 

Re: 4 tb hd, what is the best backup plan?

[Steve Matzura]

1. Concatenation? That's the same thing as striping, and there is no 
such official RAID level called concatenation. The correct designations 
of RAID levels are:



list of 5 items
• RAID 0 (Disk striping): RAID 0 splits data across any number of disks 
allowing higher data throughput. ... (Sounds like concatenation, doesn't 
it?)
• RAID 1 (Disk Mirroring): ... Replicates or "shadows" volumes for 
failover protection; if one disk fails, the volume remains intact and 
accessible.

• RAID 5 (Striping with parity): ...
• RAID 6 (Striping with double parity): ...
• RAID 10 (Striping + Mirroring):
list end


"Raid 10" is a misnomer. Its proper notation is RAID 1+0--mirroring plus 
striping.



2. RAID 5 and 6 are not a simple concatenation of disk space, like 
striping is. A RAID 5 set consists of a minimum of three disks, one of 
which does not contain any usable data. It is the disk that contains the 
checksum information to recreate data in the event that any disk in the 
set is lost or damaged. Therefore, the size of a RAID 5 set is equal to 
the value (n minus 1) times the size of the smallest disk in the set. 
RAID 6 is the same as RAID 5, but with an additional checksum disk, 
giving extra redundancy and protection in case of failure. Synology is 
famous for using RAID 6, although they call their version something 
else, and if I remember correctly, they say it is not compatible with 
what most would call true RAID 6.



3. Striping (RAID level 0) is the most dangerous kind of RAID 
arrangement on which to rely totally because if you lose one disk, you 
lose it all. If I were you, I'd seriously rethink that stripe set of yours.



4. Don't combine striping and mirroring. It's inefficient, and could 
cost you if you do it the wrong way. Plus, whether it's a mirrored 
stripe set or a striped mirror, you're getting the space from  only half 
the disks used. Choose RAID 5 instead; then you'll be getting the disk 
space from n-minus-1 times the size of the smallest disk (see above), 
and you can always add more, one at a time, unlike a mirrored stripe or 
striped mirror, where you'll have to add two disks at a time.



HTH


On 12/16/2018 1:28 PM, Eric Oyen wrote:
Well, I have found that to keep the prices down (IOW, keep your wallet 
from going nuclear), it would probably be best to get several of the 
smaller drives (like 4TB) and then raid them together . This will not 
only allow you a larger filesystem, but also increased performance. 
Striping raid is best for performance, while mirroring allows for 
complete redundant backup with a CRC failover. I have several 3 TB 
externals. Here all in raid 1 (striping), which gives me an effective 
12 TB external with the max performance bandwidth that USB 3 can 
provide (it’s not as fast as the 3GPS SATA drives, but it’s more than 
fast enough).


Now, there are three methods of raid you need to be aware of (2 of 
which I just mentioned):

1. Striping
2. Mirroring
3. Concatenation

The third one above simply allows you to append 1 drive to another. 
This is also the easiest method to use if you simply want to add more 
drives to the raid. It doesn’t have the performance of striping or the 
redundancy of mirroring, but as a simple large drive, it works ok.


Basically, it’s up to you what you want to use. Just bear in mind, 
none of the above solutions is for the newbie. A bit of reading will 
be required.


-Eric


On Dec 16, 2018, at 2:49 AM, Ramy Moustafa > wrote:


Aha i understand now.
but all my external HDs will be more than 4 TB, and i will not be 
able to buy 8 TB HD.

All my data now are 8 TB storage, so, must i buy 16 TB hard drive?
so, what will be teh 2nd solution?


On Dec 14, 2018, at 4:31 PM, 'Tim Kilburn' via MacVisionaries 
> wrote:


Hi,

No, it can be just one backup volume.  First limitation is that the 
backup volume should be about twice as big as the data being stored. 
 So, if you have less than 2 TB of data that needs backed up, then a 
4 TB Time Machine backup volume is perfect.  If the total is greater 
than that, you might be fine, but the backup may run out of space 
too quickly.  All that out of the way, you just go into your Time 
Machine pane in System Prefs, press the Options button and make sure 
that none of your external drives are excluded from the backup. 
 Essentially, that's all you need to do.  Leave all drives connected 
all the time and let Time Machine do its thing automatically.  Note 
that the first backup may take days as the data is being prepared 
for and backed up to the new drive.  All subsequent backups should 
be much faster.


Later...

Tim Kilburn
Apple Teacher
(with Swift Playgrounds Recognition)
Fort McMurray, AB Canada

On Dec 14, 2018, at 06:32, Ramy Moustafa > wrote:




My friends:
I finally got 4 tb hard disk, that i plan to use it for weekly backup,
I have more than 3 hard disks that i hope to 

Elevator Reader app, any Recommendations?

[Ramy Moustafa]

Hi all:

from 4 days, the Building tha  i Live in, Changed it’s Elevator, and now i have 
some problems in using the Elevator.
like, i do not know if the Elevator is here or i must press THe button to ask 
for it? if it is in use or free? what floor is in now ?
so, am asking if there is an elevator reader app on Iphone?

THnaks

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Re: Mac harddisk odditie.

[Jonathan Cohn]

> A couple of things to think about.

1. Has the trash been emptied.
2. Is iCloud using up a bit of that space? If iCloud sync process keeps files 
opened then even if they are deleted  they will not free up disk space until 
all open file systems for the disk are closed. (perhaps reboot).
3. Did you properly modify things in the users panel to indicate that your home 
disk is on a separate partition? 
4. You might consider Leaving the home directory where it is, and just move 
music / mail or other large file blocks to the external drive. 

Not sure if below is possible in MacOS.
5. If external disk is mounted as /Users and you have a /Users with content on 
it on the root disk partition, then none of the files in /Users on the root 
disk can be accessed. I say this might not be possible, because by default 
MacOS uses the auto mounter to mount USB external devices under the /Volumes 
directory. The UNIX mount command can replace any directory on the root 
partition with another partition ..
mount /Users/jcohn/funk /dev/sd01a1
for example would do what you would expect.
But then /jcohn/funk if it has files in it would not be visible.

Maybe this helps??

Jonathan

> 18, at 1:58 PM, Anders Holmberg  wrote:
> 
> Hi!
> I moved my home folder to an external usb drive in order to free up some 
> space on my main harddisk.
> THe main harddisk is the built-in 500GB drive on my Macbook air.
> But when i moved the home folder and removed it from the main harddisk i 
> still have 400Gig of space busy.
> SO i don’t know what takes up so much space.
> I have tried to clean up space with both Onyx and clean my mac with no luck.
> Any ideas?
> Thanks.
> /A
> 
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Re: append feature

[Jonathan Cohn]

I believe that some of the keyboard macro programs can do this type of 
functionality. You could also create a tool using the automator app that could 
show up in the services menu and/or the contextual menu. Once a service 
automation is created, one can also assign any keyboard shortcut to that 
automation.

Take control of Automating Your Macintosh from Take Control Books can give you 
guidance in doing this.
  
> On Dec 18, 2018, at 3:22 AM, Hemachandran Karaha  wrote:
> 
> Dear all,
> 
> In Jaws there is a facility to continuously copy a series of texts. This 
> feature helps me to copy passages that I may be using later on.
> 
> Kindly let me know whether we can accomplish the same on Mac using 
> third-party apps. I will be grateful for a reply.
> 
> Take care,
> Hem.
> 
> -- 
> The following information is important for all members of the Mac Visionaries 
> list.
> 
> If you have any questions or concerns about the running of this list, or if 
> you feel that a member's post is inappropriate, please contact the owners or 
> moderators directly rather than posting on the list itself.
> 
> Your Mac Visionaries list moderator is Mark Taylor.  You can reach mark at:  
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> 
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Re: missing onscreen keyboard on iPhone

[Katie Zodrow]

Hi Simon. Yeah, that is pretty funny. Or they can just do command F5 to turn 
Voiceover off. :-)
Jonathan that’s great you had someone sighted help out with this issue at work. 
I didn’t think a sighted user would know how to go to braille screen input or 
settings while Voiceover is still on.
Katie

> On Dec 17, 2018, at 9:19 PM, Simon Fogarty  wrote:
> 
> Hell, that's great, a person that knows how to use a phone with braille or 
> voiceover,
> 
> My work colleagues can't even handle using computers without mice.
> 
> I tried cutting mouse cables but they got grumpy and found new mice.
> Voiceover and jaws just confuse some people,
> I have to laugh at them when so called IT support staff can't click the x in 
> the top corner of a screen when Jaws is running, to turn it off.
> 
> Life is such a laugh 
> 
> -Original Message-
> From: macvisionaries@googlegroups.com On 
> Behalf Of Jonathan Cohn
> Sent: Tuesday, 18 December 2018 1:41 PM
> To: macvisionaries@googlegroups.com
> Subject: Re: missing onscreen keyboard on iPhone
> 
> Well, thought it was resolved but it showed up again. My co-worker did 
> something counterintuitive that might have resolved things. Apparently old 
> bluetooth configurations can get stuck in the phone when you unpair the 
> device. He turned off onscreen keyboard in the Braille settings, and 
> restarted the phone. I’ll try things out a bit, and if it works I’ll get a 
> full write up of the procedure. I would not have even expected him to know 
> how to get to Braille settings on an iPhone, though he was the person in our 
> office who went to Hawaii board of education and helped get things set up for 
> their Blind students.
> Jonathan Cohn 
> 
>> On Dec 17, 2018, at 2:59 PM, 'E.T.' via MacVisionaries 
>>  wrote:
>> 
>>  If you mean braille screen input, who knows. I do not have that in mu 
>> rotor. This sure is perplexing. A total reset would indeed be the last 
>> resort but it might end up being the best solution.
>> 
>> From E.T.'s Keyboard...
>>  ancient.ali...@icloud.com
>> Many believe that we have been visited in the past. What if it were 
>> true?
>> 
>> On 12/17/2018 11:14 AM, Jonathan Cohn wrote:
>>> Two points for ET though not directly, since I was on the phone with Apple. 
>>> I removed pairing of the Braille device, removed braille  from the rotor, 
>>> turned off bluetooth and then powered down and powered up.
>>> I am almost tempted to try and cause the reversal again to see if I can 
>>> simplify that reset process. I wonder if the fact that Braille was in the 
>>> rotor in addition to the braille display somehow confused VoiceOver into 
>>> reversing actions for the Braille connectivity. Though the support rep I 
>>> talked with said he had heard of some cases where the onscreen keyboard 
>>> would disappear when BlueTooth headphones are connected.
 On Dec 16, 2018, at 10:39 PM, 'E.T.' via MacVisionaries 
  wrote:
 
  Forget the braille device or turn off Bluetooth? Did you try these?
 
 From E.T.'s Keyboard...
  ancient.ali...@icloud.com
 Many believe that we have been visited in the past. What if it were 
 true?
 
 On 12/16/2018 4:57 PM, Jonathan Cohn wrote:
> Well, I made a little progress. Essentially the onscreen keyboard toggle 
> now appears to be completely backward. When the Braille display is 
> connected to the iPhone 7, then the OnScreen keyboard is available but as 
> soon as I get out of range, turn off the keyboard, or otherwise disable 
> the Braille display, the OnScreen keyboard disappears.
> I am very tempted to reset all settings, but then I would need to put my 
> credit cards back into Apple Pay.
> Best wishes,
> Jonathan Cohn
>> On Dec 15, 2018, at 7:42 PM, Mary Otten > > wrote:
>> 
>> Hi Jonathan,
>> I just had this happen today. It was very annoying. I have an external 
>> Bluetooth keyboard, and I thought maybe that was the problem. So I 
>> turned off Bluetooth. Rebooted the phone. No luck. I went into general 
>> settings keyboard and found out that for some reason I had three 
>> keyboards listed, two of which were United States English qwerty. I 
>> deleted one of those, rebooted the phone, and my keyboard returned. I 
>> don’t know why it listed US English twice. And I don’t know if it was 
>> just coincidental that getting rid of one of them should cause the 
>> keyboard to reappear. But it did.
>> Mary
>> 
>> 
>> Sent from my iPhone
>> 
>>> On Dec 15, 2018, at 4:01 PM, Jonathan Cohn >> > wrote:
>>> 
>>> Thanks for the replies. so far, I have not been able to get the 
>>> onscreen keyboard to appear again. I have tried removing the pairing of 
>>> the Braille display, toggling the show keyboard check box several 
>>> times, reset the system with bluetooth off and with airplane mode 

Mac harddisk odditie.

[Anders Holmberg]

Hi!
I moved my home folder to an external usb drive in order to free up some space 
on my main harddisk.
THe main harddisk is the built-in 500GB drive on my Macbook air.
But when i moved the home folder and removed it from the main harddisk i still 
have 400Gig of space busy.
SO i don’t know what takes up so much space.
I have tried to clean up space with both Onyx and clean my mac with no luck.
Any ideas?
Thanks.
/A

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Re: Installing windows with bootcamp?

['E.T.' via MacVisionaries]

   Is everyone badgering Apple to restore the startup chime? Link below.



From E.T.'s Keyboard...
   ancient.ali...@icloud.com
Many believe that we have been visited
in the past. What if it were true?

On 12/18/2018 2:22 AM, 'Janina Sajka' via MacVisionaries wrote:

For a time there was a way to enable it. But I believe it's now
completely removed.

lenron brown writes:

I thought there was away to enable the chime some how. I am really
glad I have a 2014 MB pro here.

On 12/17/18, 'Janina Sajka' via MacVisionaries
 wrote:

Basic problem is the lack of the boot chime. That's a big deal, imo.

Simon and I have boot chime on our 2013 vintage gear, but I believe the
new machines no longer support boot chime. Hope I'm wrong, but I suspect
I'm not wrong.

Without boot chime you're left guessing when to hold down the Option
key, and for how long. I hate guessing on things like that. It's not
very efficient.

Such a basic thing to create such a large nuisance to this userbase.

Janina



Simon Fogarty writes:

Matt I don't see why you would

I've got windows 10 on a mac mini from 2013 and works great.

-Original Message-
From: macvisionaries@googlegroups.com  On
Behalf Of Matt Turner
Sent: Saturday, 15 December 2018 6:42 AM
To: macvisionaries@googlegroups.com
Subject: Installing windows with bootcamp?

Hi folks.
Subject says it all.
I’m thinking of getting windows 10 and installing it on my 2018 Mac Mini.
I think I heard somewhere I would have problems with the new chip, in the
Mini?

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--

Janina Sajka

Linux Foundation Fellow
Executive Chair, Accessibility Workgroup:   http://a11y.org

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
Chair, Accessible Platform Architectureshttp://www.w3.org/wai/apa

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--
Lenron Brown
Cell: 985-271-2832
Skype: ron.brown762

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Re: Installing windows with bootcamp?

['Janina Sajka' via MacVisionaries]

For a time there was a way to enable it. But I believe it's now
completely removed.

lenron brown writes:
> I thought there was away to enable the chime some how. I am really
> glad I have a 2014 MB pro here.
> 
> On 12/17/18, 'Janina Sajka' via MacVisionaries
>  wrote:
> > Basic problem is the lack of the boot chime. That's a big deal, imo.
> >
> > Simon and I have boot chime on our 2013 vintage gear, but I believe the
> > new machines no longer support boot chime. Hope I'm wrong, but I suspect
> > I'm not wrong.
> >
> > Without boot chime you're left guessing when to hold down the Option
> > key, and for how long. I hate guessing on things like that. It's not
> > very efficient.
> >
> > Such a basic thing to create such a large nuisance to this userbase.
> >
> > Janina
> >
> >
> >
> > Simon Fogarty writes:
> >> Matt I don't see why you would
> >>
> >> I've got windows 10 on a mac mini from 2013 and works great.
> >>
> >> -Original Message-
> >> From: macvisionaries@googlegroups.com  On
> >> Behalf Of Matt Turner
> >> Sent: Saturday, 15 December 2018 6:42 AM
> >> To: macvisionaries@googlegroups.com
> >> Subject: Installing windows with bootcamp?
> >>
> >> Hi folks.
> >> Subject says it all.
> >> I’m thinking of getting windows 10 and installing it on my 2018 Mac Mini.
> >> I think I heard somewhere I would have problems with the new chip, in the
> >> Mini?
> >>
> >> --
> >> The following information is important for all members of the Mac
> >> Visionaries list.
> >>
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> >>
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> >
> > --
> >
> > Janina Sajka
> >
> > Linux Foundation Fellow
> > Executive Chair, Accessibility Workgroup:   http://a11y.org
> >
> > The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
> > Chair, Accessible Platform Architectureshttp://www.w3.org/wai/apa
> >
> > --
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> > Visionaries list.
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Re: VoiceOver Repetition

['Bill Gallik' via MacVisionaries]

Hey all, my most sincere apologies but somebody sent me a solution to the below 
problem and I accidentally deleted the message before completely absorbing the 
advice.

Could whomever sent that helpful message please resend it?

Thanks and, as I said above, my most sincere apology!


- Bill from Ino, Wisconsin
- “The Early Bird may get the worm, but the Second Mouse gets the cheese!”
- Contributor Unknown



On Dec 17, 2018, at 5:41 PM, 'Bill Gallik' via MacVisionaries 
 wrote:

I am experiencing a rather annoying phenomenon on my Mac mini (latest MacOS 
version) when executing various commands in the native e-mail client.

First, for a bit of platform information.  I am using a USB Logitech headset 
and have VoiceOver routed to this component.  Other sounds are directed to the 
onboard audio jack for the Mac mini.  This mostly works fine except that quite 
often announcements from the e-mail client are directed through channels.  One 
example of this is when I execute the ++ key sequence 
to clear out the trash.  The prompt initially is routed to the headphones 
whereupon I select the ERASE Button.  Then - typically 5 seconds later - the 
identical prompt is routed to the onboard audio jack.

This certainly is not a “show stopper” of any kind, but surely is annoying!  
Can anybody offer any solutions (short of not using the headset for VoiceOver)?



- Bill from Ino, Wisconsin
- "With most men, unbelief in one thing springs from blind belief in another."
- German Aphorist, Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742 - 1799)

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append feature

[Hemachandran Karaha]

Dear all,

In Jaws there is a facility to continuously copy a series of texts. This 
feature helps me to copy passages that I may be using later on.

Kindly let me know whether we can accomplish the same on Mac using third-party 
apps. I will be grateful for a reply.

Take care,
Hem.

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Re: 4 tb hd, what is the best backup plan?

[Ramy Moustafa]

Thanks so much


> On Dec 17, 2018, at 7:13 PM, Eric Oyen  wrote:
> 
> Well,
> Where to start is with Disk Utility. It has a raid creator in it. However, a 
> little reading on raid and what it’s used for can be found here:
> PDF RAID Utility User Guide - Apple Inc. 
> 
> 
> -Eric
> 
> 
>> On Dec 17, 2018, at 6:26 AM, Ramy Moustafa > > wrote:
>> 
>> Thanks so  much for that
>> I will get another 4 TB Hard today.
>> but can you tell me please, where can i start?
>> \
>> 
>>> On Dec 17, 2018, at 7:40 AM, Eric Oyen >> > wrote:
>>> 
>>> No. Both drives have to be the same size for any type of raid. It’s a 
>>> requirement of the specification.
>>> 
>>> Mixing differing sized drives in the same raid causes big problems (usually 
>>> with cylinder allocation, numbering and other issues). Also, if the 
>>> smallest drive is the first in the raid, any extra space on the larger 
>>> drives will be ignored and only the space of the smaller drive will be 
>>> allocated on the others. That means a lot of wasted space. It doesn’t 
>>> matter which method of raid you use, this will be true regardless. Best to 
>>> have all drives the same size.
>>> 
>>> -Eric
>>> 
>>> 
 On Dec 16, 2018, at 12:28 PM, Ramy Moustafa >>> > wrote:
 
 Aha, most of my data i need them badly will be more than that.
 but, i have an idea.
 I have my 4 Tb HD, and another 1 with 2 TB of data,
 can i use them together but not at the same time?
 I mean that i will make my backup every friday, can i connect the 2 HDs 
 and ask the time machine to use them for ba backing my data?
 
 
> On Dec 16, 2018, at 5:24 PM, 'Tim Kilburn' via MacVisionaries 
>  > wrote:
> 
> Hi,
> 
> Officially, yes.  Unofficially, it all depends on how much data you 
> currently have.  Each of your externals may hold up to a TB, but how much 
> data is actually stored on them?  Add up the amount of data, then 
> multiply it by 1.5.  If that is more than 4 TB, then you're probably able 
> to use the 4 TB HD as your backup drive.  If your total without 
> multiplication is already over 4 TB, then you're out of luck.  You cannot 
> back up 6 TB onto a 4 TB drive no matter what solution you find.  
> Compression won't help.  You might be able to use a combination of 
> solutions.  That is, use iCloud Drive to store your Desktop and Documents 
> folder from the computer itself, then use the 4 TB drive just to back up 
> the externals.  Either way, if you do have 8 TB of actual data, then you 
> need 12 to 16 TB of available space to do a reliable backup.  Realize 
> that the first backup would likely be 10 to 11 TB on an 8 TB source, then 
> you need free space for subsequent backups.  Otherwise, you're just 
> keeping a backup for a very short time and the older data is purged very 
> quickly, which makes your recovery options very limited.
> 
> Later...
> 
> Tim Kilburn
> Apple Teacher
> (with Swift Playgrounds Recognition)
> Fort McMurray, AB Canada
> 
> On Dec 16, 2018, at 02:49, Ramy Moustafa  > wrote:
> 
> Aha i understand now.
> but all my external HDs will be more than 4 TB, and i will not be able to 
> buy 8 TB HD.
> All my data now are 8 TB storage, so, must i buy 16 TB hard drive?
> so, what will be teh 2nd solution?
> 
> 
>> On Dec 14, 2018, at 4:31 PM, 'Tim Kilburn' via MacVisionaries 
>> > > wrote:
>> 
>> Hi,
>> 
>> No, it can be just one backup volume.  First limitation is that the 
>> backup volume should be about twice as big as the data being stored.  
>> So, if you have less than 2 TB of data that needs backed up, then a 4 TB 
>> Time Machine backup volume is perfect.  If the total is greater than 
>> that, you might be fine, but the backup may run out of space too 
>> quickly.  All that out of the way, you just go into your Time Machine 
>> pane in System Prefs, press the Options button and make sure that none 
>> of your external drives are excluded from the backup.  Essentially, 
>> that's all you need to do.  Leave all drives connected all the time and 
>> let Time Machine do its thing automatically.  Note that the first backup 
>> may take days as the data is being prepared for and backed up to the new 
>> drive.  All subsequent backups should be much faster.
>> 
>> Later...
>> 
>> Tim Kilburn
>> Apple Teacher
>> (with Swift Playgrounds Recognition)
>> Fort McMurray, AB Canada
>> 
>> On Dec 14, 2018, at 06:32, Ramy Moustafa > > wrote:
>> 
>>