[MARMAM] Soliciting support for SMM initiative on enhancing the impact and inclusivity of research by embracing multi-lingual science communication
Tēnā koutou and greetings, Mariano Sironi from Instituto de Conservación de Ballenas and I have written a letter that we intend to submit to the Editor for *Marine Mammal Science* entitled “*Enhancing the impact and inclusivity of research by embracing multi-lingual science communication”.* The purpose of the letter is to promote the publication and communication of science in languages other than English within the Society for Marine Mammalogy (SMM). Research suggests that this will increase the scientific engagement and understanding of native speakers and broaden conversations in science as multilingualism will expand both an individual’s and collaboration’s perspective, which could lead to more innovative science. In particular, we emphasise the benefits that communicating research findings and implications in the language where the research takes place, and the growing responsibility we have as scientists to ensure this occurs. To facilitate change within SMM, we suggest a Resolution on Multilingual Science Communication to be put forward to the Society. You can read the letter here: http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29934.08001 The purpose of this message is to ask for your support for this letter and its proposed resolution. We have created the opportunity for you to contribute to this initiative by adding your details and confirming your support in a short, online form: https://tinyurl.com/4emmkyeb The final number of signatures and countries of those that complete the form in support of the letter by *15 September* will be added to the final document before submission. Please feel free to share the letter and support form with colleagues, Ngā mihi and thanks, Emma Carroll University of Auckland – Waipapa Taumata Rau, Aoteaora New Zealand www.tohoravoyages.ac.nz Buenas tardes colegas, Junto a Emma Carroll de la Universidad de Auckland (Nueva Zelanda) hemos escrito una carta dirigida al Editor de la revista Marine Mammal Science. La carta se titula “*Letter to the Editor of Marine Mammal Science: Enhancing the impact and inclusivity of research by embracing multi-lingual science communication.”* Esta carta tiene por objetivo promover la publicación y comunicación de la ciencia en idiomas alternativos al inglés, así como ampliar a otros idiomas las reuniones científicas, las solicitudes de financiamiento para proyectos de investigación, e incluso facilitar el acceso a fondos para realizar o revisar traducciones de trabajos científicos. En especial, hacemos énfasis en la importancia de que los resultados científicos se hagan disponibles en los idiomas locales de los sitios donde se realizan las investigaciones, de modo que estos resultados tengan mayor impacto en las comunidades locales y en definitiva, en la protección de las especies y de sus hábitats. La carta completa puede leerse aquí http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29934.08001 La intención de esta comunicación es solicitarles a ustedes el apoyo a esta carta. Para quienes crean oportuno apoyar esta iniciativa, hemos creado un formulario breve que permitirá sumar las firmas a la carta. Pueden completar el formulario aquí: https://tinyurl.com/4emmkyeb También, pueden distribuir esta solicitud entre sus colegas del ámbito científico para dar a otras personas la oportunidad de manifestar su apoyo. Estaremos agregando firmas *hasta el 15 de septiembre* para luego enviar la carta al Editor. Desde ya, agradezco a quienes se sumen apoyando esta declaración y solicitud, para que podamos comunicarnos más y mejor usando la hermosa diversidad de los idiomas de todo el planeta. Cordialmente, Mariano. Dr. Mariano Sironi Director Científico Instituto de Conservación de Ballenas – Argentina www.ballenas.org.ar ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] New whale species publication
espécie. Filogenias baseadas no mitogenoma e em ddRAD demonstram divergência monofilética recíproca entre M. eueu e a baleia-de-bico de True (M. mirus) do Atlântico Norte, espécie com a qual havia sido previamente agrupada. Análises morfométricas dos crânios também distinguiram as duas espécies. Resultados da filogenia do mitogenoma calibrada temporalmente e da análise de dois genomas nucleares indicam que a divergência entre as espécies teve início há cerca de 2 milhões de anos (Ma), e que o fluxo genético cessou há 0.35-0.55 Ma. Este trabalho constitui um exemplo de como a crescente colaboração internacional e a sequenciação genómica de espécimes de colecções museológicas podem contribuir para desvendar a biodiversidade do mar profundo. A consulta e envolvimento dos povos indígenas no processo de atribuição do nome científico desta espécie serve também como modelo para o alargamento do actual espectro cultural do sistema de nomenclatura científica. cheers Emma Carroll Rutherford Discovery Fellow | Senior Research Fellow Te Kura Mātauranga Koiora | School of Biological Sciences Waipapa Taumata Rau | University of Auckland e: e.carr...@auckland.ac.nz | p: +64 9 923 8239 | t: @EmzLCarroll w: www.tohoravoyages.ac.nz ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] New Paper: Stable isotopes as indicator of nutritional stress in southern right whales
empobrecido em 13C do leite para estimular a síntese de aminoácidos não essenciais utilizados para construir novos tecidos e crescer rapidamente. Por outro lado, as diferenças significativas positivas de delta13Cfilhote-mãe reportadas previamente para BFA de Argentina, durante um evento de mortalidade em massa, foram atribuídas ao consumo de leite de baixo conteúdo de lipídios. Os padrões de delta15Nfilhote-mãe foram mais difíceis de se interpretar e demonstraram a complexidade na transferência de nitrogênio entre as mães e seus filhotes. Ao combinar os dados deste estudo com dados similares coletados no Brasil e durante um ano de baixa mortalidade na Argentina, sugere-se que os estudos isotópicos seriam uma forma de comparar retrospectivamente a condição nutricional das fêmeas de BFA em distintas áreas reprodutivas. And a blog is available for a lay summary as well: https://tohoravoyages.ac.nz/how-can-we-measure-stress-in-whales-new-research-suggests-a-useful-new-tool/ Emma Carroll Rutherford Discovery Fellow | Senior Research Fellow Te Kura Mātauranga Koiora | School of Biological Sciences Waipapa Taumata Rau | University of Auckland e: e.carr...@auckland.ac.nz | p: +64 9 923 8239 | t: @EmzLCarroll w: www.tohoravoyages.ac.nz ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] New paper on southern right whale population structure in the South Atlantic
My colleagues and I are happy to announce the publication of a new paper on southern right whale population structure in the South Atlantic. Details below and it is available free via open access from the Journal of Heredity: https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/111/3/263/5826886 Title: Genetic Diversity and Connectivity of Southern Right Whales (*Eubalaena australis*) Found in the Brazil and Chile–Peru Wintering Grounds and the South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur) Feeding Ground Authors: Emma L. Carroll, Paulo H. Ott, Louise F. McMillan, Bárbara Galletti Vernazzani, Petra Neveceralova, Els Vermeulen, Oscar E. Gaggiotti, Artur Andriolo, C. Scott Baker, Connor Bamford, Peter Best, Elsa Cabrera, Susannah Calderan, Andrea Chirife, Rachel M. Fewster, Paulo A. C. Flores,Timothy Frasier, Thales R. O. Freitas, Karina Groch, Pavel Hulva, Amy Kennedy, Russell Leaper, Matthew S. Leslie, Michael Moore, Larissa Oliveira, Jon Seger, Emilie N. Stepien, Luciano O. Valenzuela, Alexandre Zerbini, and Jennifer A. Jackson Abstract: As species recover from exploitation, continued assessments of connectivity and population structure are warranted to provide information for conservation and management. This is particularly true in species with high dispersal capacity, such as migratory whales, where patterns of connectivity could change rapidly. Here we build on a previous long-term, large-scale collaboration on southern right whales (*Eubalaena australis*) to combine new (nnew) and published (npub) mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite genetic data from all major wintering grounds and, uniquely, the South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur: SG) feeding grounds. Specifically, we include data from Argentina (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 208/46), Brazil (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 50/50), South Africa (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 66/77, npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 350/47), Chile–Peru (nnew mtDNA/ microsatellite = 1/1), the Indo-Pacific (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 769/126), and SG (npub mtDNA/ microsatellite = 8/0, nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 3/11) to investigate the position of previously unstudied habitats in the migratory network: Brazil, SG, and Chile–Peru. These new genetic data show connectivity between Brazil and Argentina, exemplified by weak genetic differentiation and the movement of 1 genetically identified individual between the South American grounds.The single sample from Chile–Peru had an mtDNA haplotype previously only observed in the Indo-Pacific and had a nuclear genotype that appeared admixed between the Indo-Pacific and South Atlantic, based on genetic clustering and assignment algorithms.The SG samples were clearly South Atlantic and were more similar to the South American than the South African wintering grounds.This study highlights how international collaborations are critical to provide context for emerging or recovering regions, like the SG feeding ground, as well as those that remain critically endangered, such as Chile–Peru. thank you Emma Carroll Rutherford Discovery Fellow | Senior Research Fellow Te Kura Mātauranga Koiora | School of Biological Sciences Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau | University of Auckland e: e.carr...@auckland.ac.nz | t: @EmzLCarroll w: whalednalab.auckland.ac.nz | https://unidirectory.auckland.ac.nz/people/e-carroll ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] New Southern right whale circumpolar population structure paper
We are pleased to announce the publication of a new manuscript on the population structure and demographic history of southern right whales in Heredity. The paper is available at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41437-018-0077-y.pdf or you can contact the lead author for a pdf at carroll...@gmail.com Title: Incorporating non-equilibrium dynamics into demographic history inferences of a migratory marine species Authors: E. L. Carroll, R. Alderman, J. L. Bannister, M. Bérubé, P. B. Best, L. Boren, C. S. Baker, R. Constantine, K. Findlay, R. Harcourt, L. Lemaire, P. J. Palsbøll, N. J. Patenaude, V. J. Rowntree, J. Seger, D. Steel, L. O. Valenzuela, M. Watson, & O. E. Gaggiotti Abstract: Understanding how dispersal and gene flow link geographically separated the populations over evolutionary history is challenging, particularly in migratory marine species. In southern right whales (SRWs, Eubalaena australis), patterns of genetic diversity are likely influenced by the glacial climate cycle and recent history of whaling. Here we use a dataset of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (n=1327) and nuclear markers (17 microsatellite loci, n=222) from major wintering grounds to investigate circumpolar population structure, historical demography and effective population size. Analyses of nuclear genetic variation identify two population clusters that correspond to the South Atlantic and Indo-Pacific ocean basins that have similar effective breeder estimates. In contrast, all wintering grounds show significant differentiation for mtDNA, but no sex-biased dispersal was detected using the microsatellite genotypes. An approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach with microsatellite markers compared the scenarios with gene flow through time, or isolation and secondary contact between ocean basins, while modelling declines in abundance linked to whaling. Secondary-contact scenarios yield the highest posterior probabilities, implying that populations in different ocean basins were largely isolated and came into secondary contact within the last 25,000 years, but the role of whaling in changes in genetic diversity and gene flow over recent generations could not be resolved. We hypothesise that these findings are driven by factors that promote isolation, such as female philopatry, and factors that could promote dispersal, such as oceanographic changes. These findings highlight the application of ABC approaches to infer the connectivity in mobile species with complex population histories and, currently, low levels of differentiation. Emma Carroll PhD Member of the Young Academy of Scotland Outgoing Marie Curie Research Fellow Scottish Oceans Institute and Sea Mammal Research Unit University of St Andrews Incoming Rutherford Discovery Fellow School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] Review paper on genetic and genomic monitoring with minimally invasive sampling methods
Hi All, We are pleased to announce that our new review paper "Genetic and genomic monitoring with minimally invasive sampling methods" has recently been released on the *Evolutionary Applications* Early View website as part of the Special Issue: Next generation genetic monitoring. An open access version of the full paper is available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10./eva.12600 kind regards Emma Carroll Genetic and genomic monitoring with minimally invasive sampling methods Emma L. Carroll, Mike W. Bruford, J. Andrew DeWoody, Gregoire Leroy, Alan Strand, Lisette Waits and Jinliang Wang The decreasing cost and increasing scope and power of emerging genomic technologies are reshaping the field of molecular ecology. However, many modern genomic approaches (e.g., RAD‐seq) require large amounts of high‐quality template DNA. This poses a problem for an active branch of conservation biology: genetic monitoring using minimally invasive sampling (MIS) methods. Without handling or even observing an animal, MIS methods (e.g., collection of hair, skin, faeces) can provide genetic information on individuals or populations. Such samples typically yield low‐quality and/or quantities of DNA, restricting the type of molecular methods that can be used. Despite this limitation, genetic monitoring using MIS is an effective tool for estimating population demographic parameters and monitoring genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic monitoring is likely to become more important in the future as many natural populations are undergoing anthropogenically driven declines, which are unlikely to abate without intensive adaptive management efforts that often include MIS approaches. Here, we profile the expanding suite of genomic methods and platforms compatible with producing genotypes from MIS, considering factors such as development costs and error rates. We evaluate how powerful new approaches will enhance our ability to investigate questions typically answered using genetic monitoring, such as estimating abundance, genetic structure and relatedness. As the field is in a period of unusually rapid transition, we also highlight the importance of legacy data sets and recommend how to address the challenges of moving between traditional and next‐generation genetic monitoring platforms. Finally, we consider how genetic monitoring could move beyond genotypes in the future. For example, assessing microbiomes or epigenetic markers could provide a greater understanding of the relationship between individuals and their environment. ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] New paper on Oceania humpback whales
Dear Colleagues, we are please to announce a new open-access publication on the IUCN-listed Oceania humpback whale population: Assessing the design and power of capture−recapture studies to estimate demographic parameters for the Endangered Oceania humpback whale population E. L. Carroll, L. Brooks, C. S. Baker3, D. Burns, C. Garrigue, N. Hauser, J. A. Jackson, M. M. Poole, R. M. Fewster ABSTRACT: Capture−recapture studies offer a powerful tool to assess abundance, survival and population rate of change (λ). A previous capture−recapture study, based on DNA profiles, esti- mated that the IUCN-listed Endangered Oceania population of humpback whales had a super- population size of 4329 whales (95% confidence limits, CL: 3345, 5315) and λ = 1.03 (95% CL: 0.90−1.18) for the period 1999−2005. This low estimate of λ contrasts with the high estimated λ for the neighbouring east Australia population (1.11; 95% CL: 1.105−1.113). A future assessment of Oceania humpbacks through capture−recapture methodology has been proposed to meet 3 objec- tives: (1) estimate population size with a coefficient of variation of <20%, and detect if λ is signif- icantly different from (2) 1.00 or (3) λ of east Australia. The proposed survey design involves using DNA profiles to identify whales on principal breeding grounds within Oceania in proportion to the abundance of whales on these grounds over the 10 to 12 wk wintering period, to minimise capture heterogeneity between individuals and to maximise capture probabilities. Simulations of the idealised survey design incorporating data from the previous surveys (1999−2005) with 3 new survey years were conducted under a range of scenarios for the ‘true’ demographic status of the population. Simulations of the entire Oceania region showed that the proposed design will give sufficient power to meet objectives (1) under all scenarios, (2) if the true λ ≥ 1.05 and (3) if the true λ ≤ 1.05. Region-specific simulations suggested there was scope to test for differences in recovery between principal breeding sites within Oceania. It is available for free download at: http://www.int-res.com/articles/esr2015/28/n028p147.pdf Thank you! -- Emma Carroll PhD Newton International Fellow Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] New publication: right whaling around New Zealand and east Australia
Dear All, we are pleased to announce the publication of a new paper on right whaling industry around New Zealand and Australia, published recently in PLoS One: CITATION Carroll EL, Jackson JA, Paton D, Smith TD (2014) Two Intense Decades of 19th Century Whaling Precipitated Rapid Decline of Right Whales around New Zealand and East Australia. PLoS ONE 9(4): e93789. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093789 ABSTRACT Right whales (Eubalaena spp.) were the focus of worldwide whaling activities from the 16th to the 20th century. During the first part of the 19th century, the southern right whale (E. australis) was heavily exploited on whaling grounds around New Zealand (NZ) and east Australia (EA). Here we build upon previous estimates of the total catch of NZ and EA right whales by improving and combining estimates from four different fisheries. Two fisheries have previously been considered: shore-based whaling in bays and ship-based whaling offshore. These were both improved by comparison with primary sources and the American offshore whaling catch record was improved by using a sample of logbooks to produce a more accurate catch record in terms of location and species composition. Two fisheries had not been previously integrated into the NZ and EA catch series: ship-based whaling in bays and whaling in the 20th century. To investigate the previously unaddressed problem of offshore whalers operating in bays, we identified a subset of vessels likely to be operating in bays and read available extant logbooks. This allowed us to estimate the total likely catch from bay-whaling by offshore whalers from the number of vessels seasons and whales killed per season: it ranged from 2,989 to 4,652 whales. The revised total estimate of 53,000 to 58,000 southern right whales killed is a considerable increase on the previous estimate of 26,000, partly because it applies fishery-specific estimates of struck and loss rates. Over 80% of kills were taken between 1830 and 1849, indicating a brief and intensive fishery that resulted in the commercial extinction of southern right whales in NZ and EA in just two decades. This conforms to the global trend of increasingly intense and destructive southern right whale fisheries over time. OPEN ACCESS LINK http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0093789 ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] New publication on mark-recapture modelling when there is heterogeneity linked to reproductive state: application to southern right whales
Dear Colleagues, We are pleased to announced the publication of the following paper http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12-1657.1 Carroll, Emma, Simon Childerhouse, Rachel M. Fewster, Nathalie J. Patenaude, Debbie Steel, Glenn Dunshea, Laura Boren, and C. Scott Baker. In press. Accounting for female reproductive cycles in a superpopulation capture-recapture framework. Ecological Applications. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1657.1 Accounting for female reproductive cycles in a superpopulation capture-recapture framework Emma Carroll 1,*, Simon Childerhouse 2, Rachel M. Fewster 3, Nathalie J. Patenaude 4, Debbie Steel 5, Glenn Dunshea 6, Laura Boren 7, and C. Scott Baker 8 Superpopulation capture-recapture models are useful for estimating the abundance of long-lived, migratory species as they are able to account for the fluid nature of annual residency at migratory destinations. Here we extend the superpopulation POPAN model to explicitly account for heterogeneity in capture probability linked to reproductive cycles (POPAN-τ). This extension has potential application to a range of species that have temporally variable life stages (e.g. non-annual breeders such as albatrosses and baleen whales) and results in a significant reduction in bias over the standard model. We demonstrate the utility of this model in simultaneously estimating abundance and annual population growth rate (λ) in the New Zealand (NZ) southern right whale from 1995-2009. DNA profiles were constructed for the individual identification of more than 700 whales, sampled during two sets of winter expeditions in 1995-1998 and 2006-2009. Due to differences in recapture rates between sexes, only sex-specific models were considered. The POPAN-τ models, which explicitly account for a decrease in capture probability in non-calving years, fit the female dataset significantly better than standard superpopulation models (ΔAIC25). The best POPAN-τ model (AIC) gave a superpopulation estimate of 1162 females for 1995-2009 (95% CL 921, 1467) and an estimated annual increase of 5% (95% CL -2%, 13%). The best model (AIC) gave a superpopulation estimate of 1007 males (95% CL 794, 1276) and an estimated annual increase of 7% (95% CL 5%, 9%) for 1995-2009. Combined, the total superpopulation estimate for 1995-2009 was 2169 whales (95% CL 1836, 2563). Simulations suggest that failure to account for the effect of reproductive status on the capture probability would result in a substantial positive bias (+19%) in female abundance estimates. Read More: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12-1657.1 -- Emma Carroll PhD Postdoctoral Researcher Molecular Ecology and Evolution | School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland | phone 64 9 3737599 x 71762 ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] New publication on New Zealand southern right whales
Dear Colleagues, we are please to announce the following publication presenting evidence for the re-establishment of the mainland New Zealand southern right whales http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10./mms.12031/abstract Reestablishment of former wintering grounds by New Zealand southern right whales Emma L. Carroll* , William J. Rayment*, Alana M. Alexander, C. Scott Baker, Nathalie J. Patenaude, Debbie Steel, Rochelle Constantine, Rosalind Cole, Laura J. Boren, Simon Childerhouse *These two authors contributed equally to the data analysis and preparation of this manuscript. Historically, the range of the southern right whale (SRW) included winter calving grounds around the North and South Islands (mainland) of New Zealand (NZ) and in the NZ subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands. Due to extensive whaling in the 19th and 20th centuries, no SRW was seen around mainland NZ for nearly four decades (1928–1963). Here we present evidence for the regular use of the mainland NZ wintering ground, presumably from a remnant population that persisted in the NZ subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands. SRWs have been sighted every year around mainland NZ since 1988, with 125 sightings during the focus of this work: from 2003 to 2010. There were 28 cow-calf pairs sighted around mainland NZ from 2003 to 2010, compared with 11 sightings from 1991 to 2002. Furthermore, two females, identified by DNA profiles, were sighted with calves around mainland at 4 yr intervals: the first evidence of female site fidelity to the mainland NZ calving ground. Individual identification from photographs of natural markings and DNA profiles provided information on within-year movements and residency around the mainland, and further evidence for exchange between the mainland and subantarctic wintering grounds. Despite these promising signs, the distribution of NZ SRWs remains primarily concentrated in the NZ subantarctic. -- Emma Carroll PhD Postdoctoral Researcher Molecular Ecology and Evolution | School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland | phone 64 9 3737599 x 71762 ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
[MARMAM] IUCN review of southern right whale distribution
Dear Marmamers, I am providing an updated list of countries/territories where southern right whales Eubalaena australis have been seen in recent decades for an IUCN review. The list includes countries/territories where the species is a vagrant. If anyone has confirmed sightings of the species in Angola, Reunion, or Crozet Islands, or any other area that I have missed from the list below, can you please email me at ecar...@aucklanduni.ac.nz. Thank you! Here is the list of countries/territories I have compiled to date (reference in parentheses): Argentina (Payne 1986; Rowntree et al 2001) Auckland and Campbell Islands (Patenaude et al 1998) Australia (Bannister 2001; Burnell 2001; Kemper et al 1993) Brazil (Groch et al 2005) Chile (IWC 2007; Vernazzani et al 2011) Falkland Islands/Malvinas (Moore et al 1999) Gabon (Weir et al 2010) Gough Island (Best et al 1993) Kerguelen Islands (Acevedo-Guitierrez et al 1997) Madagascar (Rosenbaum et al 2001) Mauritius (P. Best pers comm in Rosenbaum et al 2001) Mozambique (Banks et al 2011) Namibia (Roux et al 2011) New Zealand (Patenaude 2003; Carroll et al 2011) Peru (Santillán et al 2004; Van Waerebeek et al 2008) South Africa (Best 1982; 1990; 2000) Tristan da Cunha (IWC 2001; Best et al 2009) Uruguay (Costa et al 2003) Emma Carroll PhD Molecular Ecology and Evolution | School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland | ecar...@aucklanduni.ac.nz ___ MARMAM mailing list MARMAM@lists.uvic.ca https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam
