[MCN-L] do you Skype?
A late contribution... On 29/5/09 19:42, Thomas Deliduka wrote: > I'm a little confused. Why would Skype need to run down someone's pipe only > to jump back out again in a way of utilizing bandwidth for other calls? That > seems quite inefficient to take a detour in routing of a telephone call. I thought so too - I thought the P2P stuff was just about distributing directory information, and didn't think that could be very much data. However, I just came across something else and think that I now understand why Sype would do exactly the above. One of the key advantages of Skype that allowed it to become such a success is that it pretty much 'just works' - you didn't need to have the knowledge or authority to adjust your firewall etc to get it to working. If I understand correctly, the P2P stuff is part of how they get round NAT (network address translation) issues. In order for a Skype user behind one NAT to talk to a second Skype user behind another NAT, they find a patsy^H^H^H third user on a publicly routable address, and bounce their call off that user - precisely running down that third user's pipe and back out again. My naive and uninformed assumption is that most users are behind NATs, and that the poor saps who are running Skype and not behind a NAT must be carrying a lot of traffic for the rest of us. Not least because Skype also say that they keep multiple paths open and dynamically switch between them to increase call quality. I'm surprised if many institutions have networks that would allow their bandwidth to be used in that way, but I only have a bluffer's understanding of these things, so perhaps there are some setups which although NAT'd are vulnerable to this sort of thing. And obviously the clever people who designed Skype were looking for all the loopholes they could exploit to make it work. I'm reminded of the analogy from (I think) Bruce Schneier in another context: "A 'firewall friendly' protocol is like a skull friendly bullet". Ben On 29/5/09 21:48, David Salovesh wrote: > I probably misspoke in saying each user donates spare capacity. > > The role of a Skype "supernode" is to serve as the directory and router for > other users, in lieu of Skype operating their own centrally managed servers. > Any Skype user ("node") can become a supernode given the right conditions > which are supposed to include spare processor and connection capacity and a > routable public IP address. That didn't apply to us, but I still saw > outrageous bandwidth consumption that correlated with the presence of Skype. > > I guess I can't explain why Skype was so bandwidth-hungry for us, but > removing it and banning its re-installation resolved the problem. I suppose > that - like anything else - if you are considering using it you might want to > do thorough testing before committing to its adoption. > > Dave Salovesh > Information Technology Manager > National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund > > > -Original Message- > From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mailto:mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu] On Behalf Of > Thomas Deliduka > Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 2:43 PM > To: Museum Computer Network Listserv > Subject: Re: [MCN-L] do you Skype? > > I'm a little confused. Why would Skype need to run down someone's pipe only > to jump back out again in a way of utilizing bandwidth for other calls? That > seems quite inefficient to take a detour in routing of a telephone call. > > Thomas Deliduka > Director of Information Technology > Columbus Museum of Art > 480 East Broad Street > Columbus, OH 43215 > ph 614/629-0345 fax 614/629-0950 > thomas.deliduka at cmaohio.org > > ART SPEAKS. JOIN THE CONVERSATION > > > -Original Message- > From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mailto:mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu] On Behalf Of > David Salovesh > Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 11:51 AM > To: Museum Computer Network Listserv > Subject: Re: [MCN-L] do you Skype? > > Ad-hoc Skype is explicitly banned here. It may return someday as an > organizational initiative, but we're still trying to figure out what the > benefit would be for us. (We have sponsored phone service and have virtually > no international communication requirements, so our economics may not be > typical.) > > It wasn't always this way - I allowed it for a while. I originally had to > ban it because we were short on bandwidth, and some folks couldn't resist > using it in ways that completely overwhelmed our connection. That led to a > temporary suspension of Skype use pending system analysis, improvements, and > re-analysis. After we upgraded our connection I discovered the more >
[MCN-L] do you Skype?
What about reducing bandwidth capacity at the skype port level on the firewall, I assume that you are running a managed system. Chris On May 30, 2009, at 11:59 AM, Holly Witchey wrote: > Couldn't live without it! > > Holly M. Witchey, Ph.D. > Director of New Media Initiatives > The Cleveland Museum of Art > 11150 East Blvd. > Cleveland, Ohio 44106 > Telephone: 216-707-2653 > Email: hwitchey at clevelandart.org > > From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu] On Behalf Of > Dowden, Robin [robin.dowden at walkerart.org] > Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2009 10:31 PM > To: Museum Computer Network Listserv > Subject: [MCN-L] do you Skype? > > Do you allow Skype in your institution? I?ve been arguing for its > legitimacy as a business tool but our IT department is concerned > about misuse and security issues. I?m interested in hearing how/if > others are using it, policies, tales of compromised networks as a > result of peer-to-peer apps, any relevant or related info you're > willing to share. > > Robin Dowden > Director, New Media Initiatives > Walker Art Center > 1750 Hennepin Avenue > Minneapolis, MN 55403 > USA > > T: 612.375.7541 > F: 612.375.7575 > walkerart.org > > > CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This transmission (including any > accompanying attachments) is confidential, is intended only for the > individual or entity named above, and may contain privileged, work > product, proprietary and/or confidential information that is exempt > from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended > recipient or otherwise believe you have received this message in > error, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, > distribution, use of or reliance upon any of the information > contained in this transmission is strictly prohibited. Any > inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure shall not compromise or waive > the confidentiality of this transmission or any applicable attorney- > client privilege. > > If you have received this transmission in error, please immediately > notify us at mail1 at walkerart.org and delete this transmission from > your computer. > ___ > You are currently subscribed to mcn-l, the listserv of the Museum > Computer Network (http://www.mcn.edu) > > To post to this list, send messages to: mcn-l at mcn.edu > > To unsubscribe or change mcn-l delivery options visit: > http://toronto.mediatrope.com/mailman/listinfo/mcn-l > > The MCN-L archives can be found at: > http://toronto.mediatrope.com/pipermail/mcn-l/ > ___ > You are currently subscribed to mcn-l, the listserv of the Museum > Computer Network (http://www.mcn.edu) > > To post to this list, send messages to: mcn-l at mcn.edu > > To unsubscribe or change mcn-l delivery options visit: > http://toronto.mediatrope.com/mailman/listinfo/mcn-l > > The MCN-L archives can be found at: > http://toronto.mediatrope.com/pipermail/mcn-l/
[MCN-L] do you Skype?
Couldn't live without it! Holly M. Witchey, Ph.D. Director of New Media Initiatives The Cleveland Museum of Art 11150 East Blvd. Cleveland, Ohio 44106 Telephone: 216-707-2653 Email: hwitchey at clevelandart.org From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu] On Behalf Of Dowden, Robin [robin.dow...@walkerart.org] Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2009 10:31 PM To: Museum Computer Network Listserv Subject: [MCN-L] do you Skype? Do you allow Skype in your institution? I?ve been arguing for its legitimacy as a business tool but our IT department is concerned about misuse and security issues. I?m interested in hearing how/if others are using it, policies, tales of compromised networks as a result of peer-to-peer apps, any relevant or related info you're willing to share. Robin Dowden Director, New Media Initiatives Walker Art Center 1750 Hennepin Avenue Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA T: 612.375.7541 F: 612.375.7575 walkerart.org CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This transmission (including any accompanying attachments) is confidential, is intended only for the individual or entity named above, and may contain privileged, work product, proprietary and/or confidential information that is exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient or otherwise believe you have received this message in error, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution, use of or reliance upon any of the information contained in this transmission is strictly prohibited. Any inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure shall not compromise or waive the confidentiality of this transmission or any applicable attorney-client privilege. If you have received this transmission in error, please immediately notify us at mail1 at walkerart.org and delete this transmission from your computer. ___ You are currently subscribed to mcn-l, the listserv of the Museum Computer Network (http://www.mcn.edu) To post to this list, send messages to: mcn-l at mcn.edu To unsubscribe or change mcn-l delivery options visit: http://toronto.mediatrope.com/mailman/listinfo/mcn-l The MCN-L archives can be found at: http://toronto.mediatrope.com/pipermail/mcn-l/
[MCN-L] do you Skype?
I probably misspoke in saying each user donates spare capacity. The role of a Skype "supernode" is to serve as the directory and router for other users, in lieu of Skype operating their own centrally managed servers. Any Skype user ("node") can become a supernode given the right conditions which are supposed to include spare processor and connection capacity and a routable public IP address. That didn't apply to us, but I still saw outrageous bandwidth consumption that correlated with the presence of Skype. I guess I can't explain why Skype was so bandwidth-hungry for us, but removing it and banning its re-installation resolved the problem. I suppose that - like anything else - if you are considering using it you might want to do thorough testing before committing to its adoption. Dave Salovesh Information Technology Manager National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund -Original Message- From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mailto:mcn-l-boun...@mcn.edu] On Behalf Of Thomas Deliduka Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 2:43 PM To: Museum Computer Network Listserv Subject: Re: [MCN-L] do you Skype? I'm a little confused. Why would Skype need to run down someone's pipe only to jump back out again in a way of utilizing bandwidth for other calls? That seems quite inefficient to take a detour in routing of a telephone call. Thomas Deliduka Director of Information Technology Columbus Museum of Art 480 East Broad Street Columbus, OH 43215 ph 614/629-0345 fax 614/629-0950 thomas.deliduka at cmaohio.org ? ART SPEAKS. JOIN THE CONVERSATION -Original Message- From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mailto:mcn-l-boun...@mcn.edu] On Behalf Of David Salovesh Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 11:51 AM To: Museum Computer Network Listserv Subject: Re: [MCN-L] do you Skype? Ad-hoc Skype is explicitly banned here. It may return someday as an organizational initiative, but we're still trying to figure out what the benefit would be for us. (We have sponsored phone service and have virtually no international communication requirements, so our economics may not be typical.) It wasn't always this way - I allowed it for a while. I originally had to ban it because we were short on bandwidth, and some folks couldn't resist using it in ways that completely overwhelmed our connection. That led to a temporary suspension of Skype use pending system analysis, improvements, and re-analysis. After we upgraded our connection I discovered the more troubling property of Skype traffic that led to the current outright ban: As I understand it, Skype can exist as a "free" service because each user donates spare bandwidth to carrying calls for other users. For home or home-like use that's probably okay since the bandwidth Skype sees as idle is probably actually so. In an enterprise or enterprise-like setting, the individual Skype clients don't do as good a job at measuring excess capacity. My previous service was SDSL at 1.5 mbps, and with 45 people in the office our utilization was over 95% at all times. My second site users were essentially unable to work, and even main site users were losing patience. After the upgrade to 10 mbps (metro-Ethernet), my typical utilization went to 20% (peaking at 90%, but only occasionally and briefly - as it should be) and my remote users were very satisfied. But after installing Skype, even with no active calls and the software sitting "idle", my utilization went back up to 90%. I searched for workarounds or ways to manage its bandwidth consumption, but it's not really designed for managed operation - or may even be designed to work AROUND management. It definitely is designed to work around firewall restrictions, so my technological means to block the traffic were somewhat limited. On the bright side, this sequence of events raised the consequences of installing software without approval from "it'll piss off the IT department" to "you could get fired for it". ;-) Dave Salovesh Information Technology Manager National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund -Original Message- From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mailto:mcn-l-boun...@mcn.edu] On Behalf Of Dowden, Robin Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2009 10:31 PM To: Museum Computer Network Listserv Subject: [MCN-L] do you Skype? Do you allow Skype in your institution? I've been arguing for its legitimacy as a business tool but our IT department is concerned about misuse and security issues. I'm interested in hearing how/if others are using it, policies, tales of compromised networks as a result of peer-to-peer apps, any relevant or related info you're willing to share. Robin Dowden Director, New Media Initiatives Walker Art Center 1750 Hennepin Avenue Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA T: 612.375.7541 F: 612.375.7575 walkerart.org CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This transmission (inc
[MCN-L] do you Skype?
I'm a little confused. Why would Skype need to run down someone's pipe only to jump back out again in a way of utilizing bandwidth for other calls? That seems quite inefficient to take a detour in routing of a telephone call. Thomas Deliduka Director of Information Technology Columbus Museum of Art 480 East Broad Street Columbus, OH 43215 ph 614/629-0345 fax 614/629-0950 thomas.deliduka at cmaohio.org ? ART SPEAKS. JOIN THE CONVERSATION -Original Message- From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mailto:mcn-l-boun...@mcn.edu] On Behalf Of David Salovesh Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 11:51 AM To: Museum Computer Network Listserv Subject: Re: [MCN-L] do you Skype? Ad-hoc Skype is explicitly banned here. It may return someday as an organizational initiative, but we're still trying to figure out what the benefit would be for us. (We have sponsored phone service and have virtually no international communication requirements, so our economics may not be typical.) It wasn't always this way - I allowed it for a while. I originally had to ban it because we were short on bandwidth, and some folks couldn't resist using it in ways that completely overwhelmed our connection. That led to a temporary suspension of Skype use pending system analysis, improvements, and re-analysis. After we upgraded our connection I discovered the more troubling property of Skype traffic that led to the current outright ban: As I understand it, Skype can exist as a "free" service because each user donates spare bandwidth to carrying calls for other users. For home or home-like use that's probably okay since the bandwidth Skype sees as idle is probably actually so. In an enterprise or enterprise-like setting, the individual Skype clients don't do as good a job at measuring excess capacity. My previous service was SDSL at 1.5 mbps, and with 45 people in the office our utilization was over 95% at all times. My second site users were essentially unable to work, and even main site users were losing patience. After the upgrade to 10 mbps (metro-Ethernet), my typical utilization went to 20% (peaking at 90%, but only occasionally and briefly - as it should be) and my remote users were very satisfied. But after installing Skype, even with no active calls and the software sitting "idle", my utilization went back up to 90%. I searched for workarounds or ways to manage its bandwidth consumption, but it's not really designed for managed operation - or may even be designed to work AROUND management. It definitely is designed to work around firewall restrictions, so my technological means to block the traffic were somewhat limited. On the bright side, this sequence of events raised the consequences of installing software without approval from "it'll piss off the IT department" to "you could get fired for it". ;-) Dave Salovesh Information Technology Manager National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund -Original Message- From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mailto:mcn-l-boun...@mcn.edu] On Behalf Of Dowden, Robin Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2009 10:31 PM To: Museum Computer Network Listserv Subject: [MCN-L] do you Skype? Do you allow Skype in your institution? I've been arguing for its legitimacy as a business tool but our IT department is concerned about misuse and security issues. I'm interested in hearing how/if others are using it, policies, tales of compromised networks as a result of peer-to-peer apps, any relevant or related info you're willing to share. Robin Dowden Director, New Media Initiatives Walker Art Center 1750 Hennepin Avenue Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA T: 612.375.7541 F: 612.375.7575 walkerart.org CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This transmission (including any accompanying attachments) is confidential, is intended only for the individual or entity named above, and may contain privileged, work product, proprietary and/or confidential information that is exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient or otherwise believe you have received this message in error, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution, use of or reliance upon any of the information contained in this transmission is strictly prohibited. Any inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure shall not compromise or waive the confidentiality of this transmission or any applicable attorney-client privilege. If you have received this transmission in error, please immediately notify us at mail1 at walkerart.org and delete this transmission from your computer. ___ You are currently subscribed to mcn-l, the listserv of the Museum Computer Network (http://www.mcn.edu) To post to this list, send messages to: mcn-l at mcn.edu To unsubscribe or change mcn-l delivery options visit: http://toronto.mediatrope.com/mailm
[MCN-L] do you Skype?
Ad-hoc Skype is explicitly banned here. It may return someday as an organizational initiative, but we're still trying to figure out what the benefit would be for us. (We have sponsored phone service and have virtually no international communication requirements, so our economics may not be typical.) It wasn't always this way - I allowed it for a while. I originally had to ban it because we were short on bandwidth, and some folks couldn't resist using it in ways that completely overwhelmed our connection. That led to a temporary suspension of Skype use pending system analysis, improvements, and re-analysis. After we upgraded our connection I discovered the more troubling property of Skype traffic that led to the current outright ban: As I understand it, Skype can exist as a "free" service because each user donates spare bandwidth to carrying calls for other users. For home or home-like use that's probably okay since the bandwidth Skype sees as idle is probably actually so. In an enterprise or enterprise-like setting, the individual Skype clients don't do as good a job at measuring excess capacity. My previous service was SDSL at 1.5 mbps, and with 45 people in the office our utilization was over 95% at all times. My second site users were essentially unable to work, and even main site users were losing patience. After the upgrade to 10 mbps (metro-Ethernet), my typical utilization went to 20% (peaking at 90%, but only occasionally and briefly - as it should be) and my remote users were very satisfied. But after installing Skype, even with no active calls and the software sitting "idle", my utilization went back up to 90%. I searched for workarounds or ways to manage its bandwidth consumption, but it's not really designed for managed operation - or may even be designed to work AROUND management. It definitely is designed to work around firewall restrictions, so my technological means to block the traffic were somewhat limited. On the bright side, this sequence of events raised the consequences of installing software without approval from "it'll piss off the IT department" to "you could get fired for it". ;-) Dave Salovesh Information Technology Manager National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund -Original Message- From: mcn-l-bounces at mcn.edu [mailto:mcn-l-boun...@mcn.edu] On Behalf Of Dowden, Robin Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2009 10:31 PM To: Museum Computer Network Listserv Subject: [MCN-L] do you Skype? Do you allow Skype in your institution? I've been arguing for its legitimacy as a business tool but our IT department is concerned about misuse and security issues. I'm interested in hearing how/if others are using it, policies, tales of compromised networks as a result of peer-to-peer apps, any relevant or related info you're willing to share. Robin Dowden Director, New Media Initiatives Walker Art Center 1750 Hennepin Avenue Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA T: 612.375.7541 F: 612.375.7575 walkerart.org CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This transmission (including any accompanying attachments) is confidential, is intended only for the individual or entity named above, and may contain privileged, work product, proprietary and/or confidential information that is exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient or otherwise believe you have received this message in error, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution, use of or reliance upon any of the information contained in this transmission is strictly prohibited. Any inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure shall not compromise or waive the confidentiality of this transmission or any applicable attorney-client privilege. If you have received this transmission in error, please immediately notify us at mail1 at walkerart.org and delete this transmission from your computer. ___ You are currently subscribed to mcn-l, the listserv of the Museum Computer Network (http://www.mcn.edu) To post to this list, send messages to: mcn-l at mcn.edu To unsubscribe or change mcn-l delivery options visit: http://toronto.mediatrope.com/mailman/listinfo/mcn-l The MCN-L archives can be found at: http://toronto.mediatrope.com/pipermail/mcn-l/
[MCN-L] do you Skype?
I don't think of Skype as a P2P application--it is =not= one in the traditional sense of, say, the file sharing networks. It provides excellent security and encryption for transferring files between skype users--much saner than attaching emails, or sftping files up and down to/from a server. We keep ours pretty locked down--none of our users broadcast their existence, so the only way people know the accounts even exist, other than by accident (and remembering the usual "obscurity is not security" principles--those accounts are hard to find, but not impossible to find). This keeps unwanted attention to a minimum. To be honest, compared to other IM or file sharing options Skype seems unusually secure. As a way to save business costs by using voip, it seems to work reasonably well. Ari On Thu, May 28, 2009 at 10:31 PM, Dowden, Robin wrote: > Do you allow Skype in your institution? I?ve been arguing for its legitimacy > as a business tool but our IT department is concerned about misuse and > security issues. I?m interested in hearing how/if others are using it, > policies, tales of compromised networks as a result of peer-to-peer apps, any > relevant or related info you're willing to share. > > Robin Dowden > Director, New Media Initiatives > Walker Art Center > 1750 Hennepin Avenue > Minneapolis, MN 55403 > USA > > T: 612.375.7541 > F: 612.375.7575 > walkerart.org > > > CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: ?This transmission (including any accompanying > attachments) is confidential, is intended only for the individual or entity > named above, and may contain privileged, work product, proprietary and/or > confidential information that is exempt from disclosure under applicable law. > If you are not the intended recipient or otherwise believe you have received > this message in error, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, > distribution, use of or reliance upon any of the information contained in > this transmission is strictly prohibited. Any inadvertent or unauthorized > disclosure shall not compromise or waive the confidentiality of this > transmission or any applicable attorney-client privilege. > > If you have received this transmission in error, please immediately notify us > at mail1 at walkerart.org and delete this transmission from your computer. > ___ > You are currently subscribed to mcn-l, the listserv of the Museum Computer > Network (http://www.mcn.edu) > > To post to this list, send messages to: mcn-l at mcn.edu > > To unsubscribe or change mcn-l delivery options visit: > http://toronto.mediatrope.com/mailman/listinfo/mcn-l > > The MCN-L archives can be found at: > http://toronto.mediatrope.com/pipermail/mcn-l/ >
[MCN-L] do you Skype?
Starting back in March (?) Skype initiated a new drive toward business users and has a section on its web sitealthough they are pushing skype for sip. Here is a WSJ article on it, which also notes Skype's security claims. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123776338990608661.html On Thu, May 28, 2009 at 10:31 PM, Dowden, Robin wrote: > Do you allow Skype in your institution? I?ve been arguing for its > legitimacy as a business tool but our IT department is concerned about > misuse and security issues. I?m interested in hearing how/if others are > using it, policies, tales of compromised networks as a result of > peer-to-peer apps, any relevant or related info you're willing to share. > > Robin Dowden > Director, New Media Initiatives > Walker Art Center > 1750 Hennepin Avenue > Minneapolis, MN 55403 > USA > > T: 612.375.7541 > F: 612.375.7575 > walkerart.org > > > CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This transmission (including any accompanying > attachments) is confidential, is intended only for the individual or entity > named above, and may contain privileged, work product, proprietary and/or > confidential information that is exempt from disclosure under applicable > law. If you are not the intended recipient or otherwise believe you have > received this message in error, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, > copying, distribution, use of or reliance upon any of the information > contained in this transmission is strictly prohibited. Any inadvertent or > unauthorized disclosure shall not compromise or waive the confidentiality of > this transmission or any applicable attorney-client privilege. > > If you have received this transmission in error, please immediately notify > us at mail1 at walkerart.org and delete this transmission from your computer. > ___ > You are currently subscribed to mcn-l, the listserv of the Museum Computer > Network (http://www.mcn.edu) > > To post to this list, send messages to: mcn-l at mcn.edu > > To unsubscribe or change mcn-l delivery options visit: > http://toronto.mediatrope.com/mailman/listinfo/mcn-l > > The MCN-L archives can be found at: > http://toronto.mediatrope.com/pipermail/mcn-l/ >
[MCN-L] do you Skype?
Do you allow Skype in your institution? I?ve been arguing for its legitimacy as a business tool but our IT department is concerned about misuse and security issues. I?m interested in hearing how/if others are using it, policies, tales of compromised networks as a result of peer-to-peer apps, any relevant or related info you're willing to share. Robin Dowden Director, New Media Initiatives Walker Art Center 1750 Hennepin Avenue Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA T: 612.375.7541 F: 612.375.7575 walkerart.org CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This transmission (including any accompanying attachments) is confidential, is intended only for the individual or entity named above, and may contain privileged, work product, proprietary and/or confidential information that is exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient or otherwise believe you have received this message in error, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution, use of or reliance upon any of the information contained in this transmission is strictly prohibited. Any inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure shall not compromise or waive the confidentiality of this transmission or any applicable attorney-client privilege. If you have received this transmission in error, please immediately notify us at mail1 at walkerart.org and delete this transmission from your computer.