Re: SCSI tape drive hanging
Marcus Barczak wrote: ... -- dmesg output -- ahc0 at pci0 dev 9 function 0 Adaptec AHA-2940U rev 0x00: irq 11 scsibus2 at ahc0: 16 targets st0 at scsibus2 targ 4 lun 0: HP, C1537A, L706 SCSI2 1/sequential removable st0: density code 0x8c, variable blocks, write-enabled Has anyone seen this problem before or have any suggestions as to how I may fix it? wow, never seen a dmesg like that before. No wonder it doesn't work, most of your computer is missing! Alternate response: If you know what parts of a dmesg we need to fix your problem, you obviously can fix your own problem. Nick.
Re: SCSI tape drive hanging
On Monday 20 February 2006 18:47, Marcus Barczak wrote: Just recently acquired a cast off Sun DDS3 SCSI tape drive. It's an external unit and connected to my internal Adaptec 2940UW controller. The problem i'm experiencing is anytime I try issuing a command with mt for instance: I have an Adaptec 2940UW that i'm using at home, so i'm familiar with the hardware. That card has 3 places for SCSI cables to connect: 2 internal, and 1 external. However, you can only have devices plugged into two connections at a time (there was a more expensive version of the card which did not have this limitation). By any chance were you already using both internal ports before plugging the tape drive into the external? This is where a full dmesg would have been more helpful. Dan RamaleyDial Center 118, Drake University Network Programmer/Analyst 2407 Carpenter Ave +1 515 271-4540Des Moines IA 50311 USA
Re: SCSI tape drive hanging
Nick Holland [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Marcus Barczak wrote: ... -- dmesg output -- ahc0 at pci0 dev 9 function 0 Adaptec AHA-2940U rev 0x00: irq 11 scsibus2 at ahc0: 16 targets st0 at scsibus2 targ 4 lun 0: HP, C1537A, L706 SCSI2 1/sequential removable st0: density code 0x8c, variable blocks, write-enabled Has anyone seen this problem before or have any suggestions as to how I may fix it? wow, never seen a dmesg like that before. No wonder it doesn't work, most of your computer is missing! Since I am a perpetrator of the same crime, I'll provide my full DMESG: OpenBSD 3.9-beta (GENERIC) #604: Sun Feb 19 11:44:44 MST 2006 [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/compile/GENERIC cpu0: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.00GHz (GenuineIntel 686-class) 3 GHz cpu0: FPU,V86,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,SBF,CNXT-ID real mem = 1072209920 (1047080K) avail mem = 971649024 (948876K) using 4278 buffers containing 53714944 bytes (52456K) of memory mainbus0 (root) bios0 at mainbus0: AT/286+(61) BIOS, date 09/08/04, BIOS32 rev. 0 @ 0xfba70 apm0 at bios0: Power Management spec V1.2 apm0: AC on, battery charge unknown apm0: flags 70102 dobusy 1 doidle 1 pcibios0 at bios0: rev 2.1 @ 0xf/0xde34 pcibios0: PCI IRQ Routing Table rev 1.0 @ 0xfdd50/224 (12 entries) pcibios0: PCI Exclusive IRQs: 5 10 11 pcibios0: PCI Interrupt Router at 000:31:0 (Intel 82801EB/ER LPC rev 0x00) pcibios0: PCI bus #3 is the last bus bios0: ROM list: 0xc/0xe800 0xd/0x1000 0xd1000/0x8600 cpu0 at mainbus0 pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0: configuration mode 1 (no bios) pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0 Intel 82875P Host rev 0x02 ppb0 at pci0 dev 1 function 0 Intel 82875P AGP rev 0x02 pci1 at ppb0 bus 1 vga1 at pci1 dev 0 function 0 vendor NVIDIA, unknown product 0x0309 rev 0xa2 wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation) wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation) ppb1 at pci0 dev 3 function 0 Intel 82875P PCI-CSA rev 0x02 pci2 at ppb1 bus 2 em0 at pci2 dev 1 function 0 Intel PRO/1000CT (82547EI) rev 0x00: irq 11, address 00:09:6b:a7:3f:d7 uhci0 at pci0 dev 29 function 0 Intel 82801EB/ER USB rev 0x02: irq 5 usb0 at uhci0: USB revision 1.0 uhub0 at usb0 uhub0: Intel UHCI root hub, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered uhci1 at pci0 dev 29 function 1 Intel 82801EB/ER USB rev 0x02: irq 11 usb1 at uhci1: USB revision 1.0 uhub1 at usb1 uhub1: Intel UHCI root hub, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered uhci2 at pci0 dev 29 function 2 Intel 82801EB/ER USB rev 0x02: irq 11 usb2 at uhci2: USB revision 1.0 uhub2 at usb2 uhub2: Intel UHCI root hub, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered uhci3 at pci0 dev 29 function 3 Intel 82801EB/ER USB rev 0x02: irq 5 usb3 at uhci3: USB revision 1.0 uhub3 at usb3 uhub3: Intel UHCI root hub, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub3: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered ehci0 at pci0 dev 29 function 7 Intel 82801EB/ER USB2 rev 0x02: irq 5 usb4 at ehci0: USB revision 2.0 uhub4 at usb4 uhub4: Intel EHCI root hub, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub4: 8 ports with 8 removable, self powered ppb2 at pci0 dev 30 function 0 Intel 82801BA AGP rev 0xc2 pci3 at ppb2 bus 3 ahd0 at pci3 dev 5 function 0 Adaptec AIC-7901A U320 rev 0x03: irq 11 ahd0: aic7901A, U320 Wide Channel A, SCSI Id=7, PCI 33 or 66Mhz, 512 SCBs scsibus0 at ahd0: 16 targets ahd0: target 0 using asynchronous transfers sd0 at scsibus0 targ 0 lun 0: IBM-ESXS, ST336607LW FN, B25H SCSI3 0/direct fixed sd0: 34715MB, 49855 cyl, 2 head, 713 sec, 512 bytes/sec, 71096640 sec total sd1 at scsibus0 targ 1 lun 0: IBM-ESXS, DTN036W3UWDY10FN, S29C SCSI3 0/direct fixed sd1: 34715MB, 36703 cyl, 3 head, 645 sec, 512 bytes/sec, 71096640 sec total ath0 at pci3 dev 7 function 0 Atheros AR5212 rev 0x01: irq 10 ath0: AR5213 7.9 phy 4.5 rf2112a 5.6: RF radio not supported Texas Instruments TSB43AB22 FireWire rev 0x00 at pci3 dev 8 function 0 not configured ichpcib0 at pci0 dev 31 function 0 Intel 82801EB/ER LPC rev 0x02 pciide0 at pci0 dev 31 function 1 Intel 82801EB/ER IDE rev 0x02: DMA, channel 0 configured to compatibility, channel 1 configured to compatibility pciide0: channel 0 disabled (no drives) atapiscsi0 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 0 scsibus1 at atapiscsi0: 2 targets cd0 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0: LITE-ON, LTR-48327S, PUS4 SCSI0 5/cdrom removable atapiscsi1 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 1 scsibus2 at atapiscsi1: 2 targets cd1 at scsibus2 targ 0 lun 0: HL-DT-ST, DVDRAM GSA-4082B, A208 SCSI0 5/cdrom removable cd0(pciide0:1:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2 cd1(pciide0:1:1): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 4 pciide1 at pci0 dev 31 function 2 Intel 82801EB SATA rev 0x02: DMA, channel 0 configured to native-PCI, channel 1 configured to native-PCI pciide1: using irq 11 for native-PCI interrupt ichiic0 at pci0 dev 31 function 3 Intel 82801EB/ER SMBus rev 0x02: irq 11 iic0 at ichiic0 iic0: addr 0x1a 00=0f
Re: SCSI tape drive hanging
On 21/02/2006, at 11:44 PM, Nick Holland wrote: Alternate response: If you know what parts of a dmesg we need to fix your problem, you obviously can fix your own problem. Fair call ... attached is a complete dmesg :) Further to that i've experimented with the SCSI card BIOS by dropping the max speed from 20.0 to 10.0 and double/triple checking termination. The configuration basically is single Adaptec 2940UW controller, nothing connected internally, single HP DDS3 tape drive in a Sun enclosure. Tape drive is terminatied (high+low), controller is terminated high and low. Have tried terminating just the high byte but still getting the same result. Thanks, Marcus --- dmesg --- OpenBSD 3.8 (NERF) #0: Fri Jan 20 13:35:16 EST 2006 [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/compile/NERF cpu0: Intel Pentium III (GenuineIntel 686-class, 512KB L2 cache) 551 MHz cpu0: FPU,V86,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,MMX,F XSR,SSE real mem = 536453120 (523880K) avail mem = 485818368 (474432K) using 4278 buffers containing 26927104 bytes (26296K) of memory mainbus0 (root) bios0 at mainbus0: AT/286+(d9) BIOS, date 09/07/99, BIOS32 rev. 0 @ 0xfb340 pcibios0 at bios0: rev 2.1 @ 0xf/0xb7bc pcibios0: PCI BIOS has 6 Interrupt Routing table entries pcibios0: PCI Exclusive IRQs: 5 10 11 pcibios0: PCI Interrupt Router at 000:07:0 (Intel 82371AB PIIX4 ISA rev 0x00) pcibios0: PCI bus #1 is the last bus bios0: ROM list: 0xc/0x8000 0xc8000/0x800 0xc9000/0x1000 cpu0 at mainbus0 pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0: configuration mode 1 (no bios) pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0 Intel 82443BX AGP rev 0x03 ppb0 at pci0 dev 1 function 0 Intel 82443BX AGP rev 0x03 pci1 at ppb0 bus 1 vga1 at pci1 dev 0 function 0 Matrox MGA G100 AGP rev 0x02 wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation) wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation) pcib0 at pci0 dev 7 function 0 Intel 82371AB PIIX4 ISA rev 0x02 pciide0 at pci0 dev 7 function 1 Intel 82371AB IDE rev 0x01: DMA, channel 0 wired to compatibility, channel 1 wired to compatibility wd0 at pciide0 channel 0 drive 0: QUANTUM FIREBALL CR8.4A wd0: 16-sector PIO, LBA, 8063MB, 16514064 sectors wd0(pciide0:0:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2 atapiscsi0 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 0 scsibus0 at atapiscsi0: 2 targets cd0 at scsibus0 targ 0 lun 0: SAMSUNG, CD-R/RW SW-252F, R802 SCSI0 5/cdrom removable atapiscsi1 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 1 scsibus1 at atapiscsi1: 2 targets cd1 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0: E-IDE, CD-ROM 40X/AKU, T10 SCSI0 5/ cdrom removable cd0(pciide0:1:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2 cd1(pciide0:1:1): using PIO mode 4, DMA mode 2 uhci0 at pci0 dev 7 function 2 Intel 82371AB USB rev 0x01: irq 10 usb0 at uhci0: USB revision 1.0 uhub0 at usb0 uhub0: Intel UHCI root hub, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Intel 82371AB Power rev 0x02 at pci0 dev 7 function 3 not configured ahc0 at pci0 dev 9 function 0 Adaptec AHA-2940U rev 0x00: irq 11 scsibus2 at ahc0: 16 targets st0 at scsibus2 targ 4 lun 0: HP, C1537A, L706 SCSI2 1/sequential removable st0: density code 0x8c, variable blocks, write-enabled fxp0 at pci0 dev 13 function 0 Intel 82557 rev 0x08, i82559: irq 5, address 00:d0:b7:18:1d:f4 inphy0 at fxp0 phy 1: i82555 10/100 PHY, rev. 4 ne0 at pci0 dev 15 function 0 Realtek 8029 rev 0x00: irq 10 ne0: address 00:60:67:2c:02:5a isa0 at pcib0 isadma0 at isa0 pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5 pckbd0 at pckbc0 (kbd slot) pckbc0: using irq 1 for kbd slot wskbd0 at pckbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0 pcppi0 at isa0 port 0x61 spkr0 at pcppi0 sysbeep0 at pcppi0 lpt0 at isa0 port 0x378/4 irq 7 lm0 at isa0 port 0x290/8: W83781D npx0 at isa0 port 0xf0/16: using exception 16 pccom0 at isa0 port 0x3f8/8 irq 4: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo pccom1 at isa0 port 0x2f8/8 irq 3: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo fdc0 at isa0 port 0x3f0/6 irq 6 drq 2 fd0 at fdc0 drive 0: 1.44MB 80 cyl, 2 head, 18 sec biomask ff45 netmask ff65 ttymask ffe7 pctr: 686-class user-level performance counters enabled mtrr: Pentium Pro MTRR support dkcsum: wd0 matches BIOS drive 0x80 root on wd0a rootdev=0x0 rrootdev=0x300 rawdev=0x302
Re: SCSI tape drive hanging
On 2/21/06, Marcus Barczak [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: --- dmesg --- OpenBSD 3.8 (NERF) #0: Fri Jan 20 13:35:16 EST 2006 [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/compile/NERF uh oh. http://openbsd.org/faq/faq5.html#Why --knitti
Re: SCSI tape drive hanging
On 22/02/2006, at 11:39 AM, knitti wrote: uh oh. http://openbsd.org/faq/faq5.html#Why Ok .. i'm learning a few lessons here. I've tested with the stock GENERIC kernel and am experiencing the same problem. Another very generous list member emailed me off list asking me to build a kernel with the SCSI debugging options enabled which I have done. If it helps anyone else on the list here's the output of my dmesg, and also the output found in /var/log/messages when I executed the command: 'mt -f /dev/rst0 status'. I do note that it seems to hang at the command: st0(ahc1:4:0): start scb(0xd0f8a310) which executes correctly during the boot phase which would lead me to think perhaps something loading after the scsi drivers are loaded is scuzzing things. --- dmesg OpenBSD 3.8 (GENERIC) #1: Wed Feb 22 13:17:16 EST 2006 [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/compile/GENERIC cpu0: Intel Pentium III (GenuineIntel 686-class, 512KB L2 cache) 551 MHz cpu0: FPU,V86,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,MMX,F XSR,SSE real mem = 536453120 (523880K) avail mem = 482582528 (471272K) using 4278 buffers containing 26927104 bytes (26296K) of memory mainbus0 (root) bios0 at mainbus0: AT/286+(d9) BIOS, date 09/07/99, BIOS32 rev. 0 @ 0xfb340 apm0 at bios0: Power Management spec V1.2 apm0: AC on, battery charge unknown apm0: flags 70102 dobusy 1 doidle 1 pcibios0 at bios0: rev 2.1 @ 0xf/0xb7bc pcibios0: PCI BIOS has 6 Interrupt Routing table entries pcibios0: PCI Exclusive IRQs: 5 10 11 pcibios0: PCI Interrupt Router at 000:07:0 (Intel 82371AB PIIX4 ISA rev 0x00) pcibios0: PCI bus #1 is the last bus bios0: ROM list: 0xc/0x8000 0xc8000/0x800 0xc9000/0x1000 cpu0 at mainbus0 pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0: configuration mode 1 (no bios) pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0 Intel 82443BX AGP rev 0x03 ppb0 at pci0 dev 1 function 0 Intel 82443BX AGP rev 0x03 pci1 at ppb0 bus 1 vga1 at pci1 dev 0 function 0 Matrox MGA G100 AGP rev 0x02 wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation) wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation) pcib0 at pci0 dev 7 function 0 Intel 82371AB PIIX4 ISA rev 0x02 pciide0 at pci0 dev 7 function 1 Intel 82371AB IDE rev 0x01: DMA, channel 0 wired to compatibility, channel 1 wired to compatibility wd0 at pciide0 channel 0 drive 0: QUANTUM FIREBALL CR8.4A wd0: 16-sector PIO, LBA, 8063MB, 16514064 sectors wd0(pciide0:0:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2 atapiscsi0 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 0 scsibus0 at atapiscsi0: 2 targets scsi_inqmatch: 2/5/1 , , cd0 at scsibus0 targ 0 lun 0: SAMSUNG, CD-R/RW SW-252F, R802 SCSI0 5/cdrom removable atapiscsi1 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 1 scsibus1 at atapiscsi1: 2 targets scsi_inqmatch: 2/5/1 , , cd1 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0: E-IDE, CD-ROM 40X/AKU, T10 SCSI0 5/ cdrom removable cd0(pciide0:1:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2 cd1(pciide0:1:1): using PIO mode 4, DMA mode 2 uhci0 at pci0 dev 7 function 2 Intel 82371AB USB rev 0x01: irq 10 usb0 at uhci0: USB revision 1.0 uhub0 at usb0 uhub0: Intel UHCI root hub, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered Intel 82371AB Power rev 0x02 at pci0 dev 7 function 3 not configured ahc1 at pci0 dev 9 function 0 Adaptec AHA-2940U rev 0x00: irq 11 scsibus2 at ahc1: 16 targets probe(ahc1:4:0): scsi_cmd probe(ahc1:4:0): scsi_get_xs probe(ahc1:4:0): calling pool_get probe(ahc1:4:0): returning probe(ahc1:4:0): ahc_action probe(ahc1:4:0): start scb(0xd0f8a310) probe(ahc1:4:0): cmd_poll probe(ahc1:4:0): scsi_done probe(ahc1:4:0): command: 12,0,0,0,24,0-[36 bytes] -- 000: 01 80 02 02 26 00 00 18 48 50 20 20 20 20 20 20 016: 43 31 35 33 37 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 032: 4c 37 30 36 -- probe(ahc1:4:0): back in cmd() probe(ahc1:4:0): sc_err1,err = 0x0 probe(ahc1:4:0): scsi_free_xs scsi_inqmatch: 2/1/1 , , probe(ahc1:4:0): scsi_cmd probe(ahc1:4:0): scsi_get_xs probe(ahc1:4:0): calling pool_get probe(ahc1:4:0): returning probe(ahc1:4:0): ahc_action probe(ahc1:4:0): start scb(0xd0f8a310) probe(ahc1:4:0): cmd_poll probe(ahc1:4:0): scsi_done probe(ahc1:4:0): command: 0,0,0,0,0,0-[0 bytes] probe(ahc1:4:0): back in cmd() probe(ahc1:4:0): sc_err1,err = 0x1 probe(ahc1:4:0): code:0x70 valid:0 key:0x6 ili:0 eom:0 fmark:0 extra:14 -- 000: 70 00 06 00 00 00 00 0e 00 00 00 00 29 00 00 00 016: 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -- probe(ahc1:4:0): ahc_action probe(ahc1:4:0): start scb(0xd0f8a310) probe(ahc1:4:0): cmd_poll probe(ahc1:4:0): scsi_done probe(ahc1:4:0): command: 0,0,0,0,0,0-[0 bytes] probe(ahc1:4:0): back in cmd() probe(ahc1:4:0): sc_err1,err = 0x0 probe(ahc1:4:0): scsi_free_xs st0 at scsibus2 targ 4 lun 0: HP, C1537A, L706 SCSI2 1/sequential removableprobe(ahc1:4:0): stattach: st0: st0(ahc1:4:0): scsi_cmd st0(ahc1:4:0): scsi_get_xs st0(ahc1:4:0): calling pool_get st0(ahc1:4:0): returning st0(ahc1:4:0):
Re: SCSI tape drive hanging
Marcus Barczak [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Just recently acquired a cast off Sun DDS3 SCSI tape drive. It's an external unit and connected to my internal Adaptec 2940UW controller. The problem i'm experiencing is anytime I try issuing a command with mt for instance: % mt -f /dev/rst0 status The mt process will just hang, the process at that point is completely un-killable implying that there's some kinda blocking read system call happening. I've tried the tape drive on another machine and it seems to work fine. On boot dmesg identifies the controller and drive fine, and when booted with a tape loaded it acquires info about the tape itself. -- dmesg output -- ahc0 at pci0 dev 9 function 0 Adaptec AHA-2940U rev 0x00: irq 11 scsibus2 at ahc0: 16 targets st0 at scsibus2 targ 4 lun 0: HP, C1537A, L706 SCSI2 1/sequential removable st0: density code 0x8c, variable blocks, write-enabled Has anyone seen this problem before or have any suggestions as to how I may fix it? I have had similar issues with my Hard Drive. It's a SCSI AIC-7901 Adaptec controller, ahd. I don't know how similar it is to yours. I see those same symptoms happen when the disk seems to receive a huge amount of disk activity all at once. Suddenly all the processes will hang and become unkillable, unless kill through another terminal or such. I was receiving a dump in my xconsole about the controller not pausing or something like that. I haven't managed to record the dump yet, but if I do, I'll see if I can't get it up here. I have attributed this particular problem to a hard drive failing, but I'm not sure now. At any rate, I have a new hard drive coming in, so I'll see if that fixes the problem. DMESG ahd0 at pci3 dev 5 function 0 Adaptec AIC-7901A U320 rev 0x03: irq 11 ahd0: aic7901A, U320 Wide Channel A, SCSI Id=7, PCI 33 or 66Mhz, 512 SCBs scsibus0 at ahd0: 16 targets ahd0: target 0 using asynchronous transfers ahd0: target 0 synchronous with period = 0x8, offset = 0x3f(RDSTRM|DT|IU) ahd0: target 1 synchronous with period = 0x8, offset = 0x7f(RDSTRM|DT|IU) sd0 at scsibus0 targ 0 lun 0: IBM-ESXS, ST336607LW FN, B25H SCSI3 0/direct fixed sd0: 34715MB, 49855 cyl, 2 head, 713 sec, 512 bytes/sec, 71096640 sec total sd1 at scsibus0 targ 1 lun 0: IBM-ESXS, DTN036W3UWDY10FN, S29C SCSI3 0/direct fixed sd1: 34715MB, 36703 cyl, 3 head, 645 sec, 512 bytes/sec, 71096640 sec total wskbd0 at pckbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0 sd2 at scsibus3 targ 1 lun 0: Maxtor, OneTouch II, 023g SCSI4 0/direct fixed sd2: 194481MB, 194481 cyl, 64 head, 32 sec, 512 bytes/sec, 398297088 sec total -- Aaron Hsu [EMAIL PROTECTED] Jabber: [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.sacrificumdeo.net Extend beyond the Mortal . . . . They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. - Benjamin Franklin
