Re: Mesh Problem

2024-06-24 Thread Bill Moffitt
Follow-up:

I tried it on an Atheros-based AP (Alfa N2Q) and found the same thing
- works for unencrypted mesh, but adding wpad-mesh-mbedtls causes the
mesh to fail completely, and mesh_params cannot be set:

root@OpenWrt:~# iw phy0-mesh0 set mesh_param mesh_gate_announcements=1
command failed: Link has been severed (-67)

I set log_level to 0 and got some interesting errors:

Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 kern.info kernel: [ 2898.625083] br-lan: port
4(phy0-mesh0) entered blocking state
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 kern.info kernel: [ 2898.631437] br-lan: port
4(phy0-mesh0) entered disabled state
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 kern.info kernel: [ 2898.637879] device
phy0-mesh0 entered promiscuous mode
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 kern.info kernel: [ 2898.643613] br-lan: port
4(phy0-mesh0) entered blocking state
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 kern.info kernel: [ 2898.649659] br-lan: port
4(phy0-mesh0) entered forwarding state
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 daemon.err wpa_supplicant[1211]: Line 8: too
large mode (value=5 max_value=4)
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 daemon.err wpa_supplicant[1211]: Line 8:
failed to parse mode '5'.
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 daemon.err wpa_supplicant[1211]: Line 15:
failed to parse network block.
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 daemon.err wpa_supplicant[1211]: Failed to
read or parse configuration '/var/run/wpa_supplicant-phy0-mesh0.conf'.
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 daemon.notice wpa_supplicant[1211]: :
CTRL-EVENT-DSCP-POLICY clear_all
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 daemon.notice netifd: radio0 (4079): WARNING
(wireless_add_process): executable path /usr/sbin/wpad does not match
process 1212 path (/usr/sbin/wpad (deleted))
Tue Jun 25 00:40:11 2024 kern.info kernel: [ 2899.068199] br-lan: port
4(phy0-mesh0) entered disabled state
Tue Jun 25 00:40:12 2024 daemon.notice wpa_supplicant[1211]: Set new
config for phy phy0

So it definitely looks like a problem with wpa_supplicant.

root@OpenWrt:~# wpa_supplicant -v
wpa_supplicant v2.11-devel

Again, any suggestions appreciated.

-Bill


On Fri, Jun 21, 2024 at 8:42 AM Bill Moffitt  wrote:
>
> Trying to set up meshing on Comfast EW-72 v2 - my first time working
> with the Mediatek chipset. I have played around with meshing quite a
> bit on Atheros chips.
>
> The interesting problem is that it seems to work in v23.05.2 and
> v23.05.3 with wpad-basic-mbedtls, but, when I swap it out for
> wpad-mesh (tried both mbedtls and wolfssl), it won't work. When I use
> iw phy0-mesh0 mesh_param dump, I see that mesh_auto_open_plinks=0,
> which explains why it won't connect to the mesh.
>
> However, trying to set it never works:
>
> root@OpenWrt:~# iw phy0-mesh0 set mesh_param mesh_auto_open_plinks=1
> command failed: Resource busy (-16)
>
> Interestingly, when I swap wpad-basic back in, it does work, but it
> appears to connect with encryption.
>
> uci set wireless.mesh.encryption='psk'
> uci set wireless.mesh.key='xx'
> wifi
>
> and the nodes connect. However, if I leave encryption off on one node,
> it STILL CONNECTS, meaning that encryption is failing silently
> (nothing in the logs). It seems like there should be at least a
> message ("Encryption configured for interface mesh but not enabled" or
> something).
>
> I'm not quite sure how to even debug this.
>
> All suggestions gratefully accepted.
>
> -Bill

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Mesh Problem

2024-06-21 Thread Bill Moffitt
Trying to set up meshing on Comfast EW-72 v2 - my first time working
with the Mediatek chipset. I have played around with meshing quite a
bit on Atheros chips.

The interesting problem is that it seems to work in v23.05.2 and
v23.05.3 with wpad-basic-mbedtls, but, when I swap it out for
wpad-mesh (tried both mbedtls and wolfssl), it won't work. When I use
iw phy0-mesh0 mesh_param dump, I see that mesh_auto_open_plinks=0,
which explains why it won't connect to the mesh.

However, trying to set it never works:

root@OpenWrt:~# iw phy0-mesh0 set mesh_param mesh_auto_open_plinks=1
command failed: Resource busy (-16)

Interestingly, when I swap wpad-basic back in, it does work, but it
appears to connect with encryption.

uci set wireless.mesh.encryption='psk'
uci set wireless.mesh.key='xx'
wifi

and the nodes connect. However, if I leave encryption off on one node,
it STILL CONNECTS, meaning that encryption is failing silently
(nothing in the logs). It seems like there should be at least a
message ("Encryption configured for interface mesh but not enabled" or
something).

I'm not quite sure how to even debug this.

All suggestions gratefully accepted.

-Bill

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Re: Comfast CF-E110n

2023-10-25 Thread Bill Moffitt
Roger-

Good idea. I think I may have been running firmware for a different
device (E-320N, probably - it appears to have been the base design for
several of their products).

I was hoping you (or someone) could look at the log and say, "Hey, I
know what that is..."

Worth a shot...

Next step - pull up one of the ones with the old firmware and compare
settings with the .dts file (and figure out exactly what they're
running).

Thanks,

Bill

On Tue, Oct 24, 2023 at 2:32 PM Roger Pueyo Centelles | Guifi.net
 wrote:
>
> Hi, Bill,
>
> I have a couple of them, but they're in a remote location I can't access
> right now. However, on one of them, I recently upgraded from OpenWrt
> 22.03.X to 23.05.0 and I did not experience such issues.
>
> In order to narrow down the issue, you may want to try flashing this
> older OpenWrt version (which one was it? CF-E110N is supported since
> 19.07...), then upgrade one major release at a time (first 21.02, then
> 22.03, until 23.05). When does this issue appear, if it does?
>
> Best,
>
> Roger
>
> El 23/10/23 a les 23:54, Bill Moffitt ha escrit:
> > I have been using an older version of OpenWRT on my E110Ns; I loaded up
> > the latest release to see if it would fix some "LOST BEACON" problems.
> >
> > Unfortunately, it didn't even boot (went into a bootloop), so I broke
> > out the serial cable,
> > busted open the radio, and connected it. Here's what I captured:
> >
> > 
> > U-Boot 1.1.4-ge619c187-dirty (Apr 12 2017 - 18:52:08)
> >
> > ap143 - Honey Bee 2.0
> >
> > DRAM:  64 MB
> > Flash: 16 MB
> >
> > dup 1 speed 100
> > Using eth0 device
> > ping failed; host 192.168.1.10 is not alive
> > Unknown command 'ERROR!' - try 'help'
> > Hit any key to stop autoboot:  1 0
> > ## Booting image at 9f02 ...
> > Image Name:   MIPS OpenWrt Linux-5.15.134
> > Created:  2023-10-09  21:45:35 UTC
> > Image Type:   MIPS Linux Kernel Image (lzma compressed)
> > Data Size:2328775 Bytes =  2.2 MB
> > Load Address: 8006
> > Entry Point:  8006
> > Verifying Checksum at 0x9f020040 ...OK
> > Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
> > No initrd
> > ## Transferring control to Linux (at address 8006) ...
> > ## Giving linux memsize in bytes, 67108864
> >
> > Starting kernel ...
> >
> > [0.00] Linux version 5.15.134 (builder@buildhost)
> > (mips-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc (OpenWrt GCC 12.3.0 r23497-6637af95aa)
> > 12.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.40.0) #0 Mon Oct 9 21:45:35 2023
> > [0.00] printk: bootconsole [early0] enabled
> > [0.00] CPU0 revision is: 00019374 (MIPS 24Kc)
> > [0.00] MIPS: machine is COMFAST CF-E110N v2
> > [0.00] SoC: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9533 ver 2 rev 0
> > [0.00] Initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
> > [0.00] Primary instruction cache 64kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 
> > bytes.
> > [0.00] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, VIPT, cache aliases,
> > linesize 32 bytes
> > [0.00] Zone ranges:
> > [0.00]   Normal   [mem 0x-0x03ff]
> > [0.00] Movable zone start for each node
> > [0.00] Early memory node ranges
> > [0.00]   node   0: [mem 0x-0x03ff]
> > [0.00] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 
> > 0x-0x03ff]
> > [0.00] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16240
> > [0.00] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200n8
> > rootfstype=squashfs,jffs2
> > [0.00] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768
> > bytes, linear)
> > [0.00] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384
> > bytes, linear)
> > [0.00] Writing ErrCtl register=
> > [0.00] Readback ErrCtl register=
> > [0.00] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
> > [0.00] Memory: 55972K/65536K available (6077K kernel code,
> > 591K rwdata, 780K rodata, 1184K init, 217K bss, 9564K reserved, 0K
> > cma-reserved)
> > [0.00] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
> > [0.00] NR_IRQS: 51
> > [0.00] CPU clock: 650.000 MHz
> > [0.00] clocksource: MIPS: mask: 0x max_cycles:
> > 0x, max_idle_ns: 5880801374 ns
> > [0.02] sched_clock: 32 bits at 325MHz, resolution 3ns, wraps
> > every 6607641598ns
> > [0.008370] Calibrating delay loop... 432.53 BogoMIPS (lpj=2162688)
> >

Comfast CF-E110n

2023-10-23 Thread Bill Moffitt
I have been using an older version of OpenWRT on my E110Ns; I loaded up
the latest release to see if it would fix some "LOST BEACON" problems.

Unfortunately, it didn't even boot (went into a bootloop), so I broke
out the serial cable,
busted open the radio, and connected it. Here's what I captured:


U-Boot 1.1.4-ge619c187-dirty (Apr 12 2017 - 18:52:08)

ap143 - Honey Bee 2.0

DRAM:  64 MB
Flash: 16 MB

dup 1 speed 100
Using eth0 device
ping failed; host 192.168.1.10 is not alive
Unknown command 'ERROR!' - try 'help'
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  1 0
## Booting image at 9f02 ...
   Image Name:   MIPS OpenWrt Linux-5.15.134
   Created:  2023-10-09  21:45:35 UTC
   Image Type:   MIPS Linux Kernel Image (lzma compressed)
   Data Size:2328775 Bytes =  2.2 MB
   Load Address: 8006
   Entry Point:  8006
   Verifying Checksum at 0x9f020040 ...OK
   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
No initrd
## Transferring control to Linux (at address 8006) ...
## Giving linux memsize in bytes, 67108864

Starting kernel ...

[0.00] Linux version 5.15.134 (builder@buildhost)
(mips-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc (OpenWrt GCC 12.3.0 r23497-6637af95aa)
12.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.40.0) #0 Mon Oct 9 21:45:35 2023
[0.00] printk: bootconsole [early0] enabled
[0.00] CPU0 revision is: 00019374 (MIPS 24Kc)
[0.00] MIPS: machine is COMFAST CF-E110N v2
[0.00] SoC: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9533 ver 2 rev 0
[0.00] Initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
[0.00] Primary instruction cache 64kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[0.00] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, VIPT, cache aliases,
linesize 32 bytes
[0.00] Zone ranges:
[0.00]   Normal   [mem 0x-0x03ff]
[0.00] Movable zone start for each node
[0.00] Early memory node ranges
[0.00]   node   0: [mem 0x-0x03ff]
[0.00] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x-0x03ff]
[0.00] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16240
[0.00] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200n8
rootfstype=squashfs,jffs2
[0.00] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768
bytes, linear)
[0.00] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384
bytes, linear)
[0.00] Writing ErrCtl register=
[0.00] Readback ErrCtl register=
[0.00] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[0.00] Memory: 55972K/65536K available (6077K kernel code,
591K rwdata, 780K rodata, 1184K init, 217K bss, 9564K reserved, 0K
cma-reserved)
[0.00] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[0.00] NR_IRQS: 51
[0.00] CPU clock: 650.000 MHz
[0.00] clocksource: MIPS: mask: 0x max_cycles:
0x, max_idle_ns: 5880801374 ns
[0.02] sched_clock: 32 bits at 325MHz, resolution 3ns, wraps
every 6607641598ns
[0.008370] Calibrating delay loop... 432.53 BogoMIPS (lpj=2162688)
[0.074950] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[0.080919] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096
bytes, linear)
[0.088644] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0,
4096 bytes, linear)
[0.105660] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0x max_cycles:
0x, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
[0.116125] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes, linear)
[0.123566] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[0.131441] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
[0.138492] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[0.153766] clocksource: Switched to clocksource MIPS
[0.167301] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
[0.172759] IP idents hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384
bytes, linear)
[0.181676] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512
(order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[0.190630] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6,
262144 bytes, linear)
[0.198823] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0,
4096 bytes, linear)
[0.206939] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[0.214408] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[0.221345] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[0.228344] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[0.236302] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
[0.242338] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 32
[0.251473] workingset: timestamp_bits=14 max_order=14 bucket_order=0
[0.264981] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[0.271158] jffs2: version 2.2 (NAND) (SUMMARY) (LZMA) (RTIME)
(CMODE_PRIORITY) (c) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[0.283297] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4
loaded (major 251)
[0.296681] pinctrl-single 1804002c.pinmux: 576 pins, size 72
[0.304425] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 16 ports, 

Boot loop on Comfast E110N

2023-10-20 Thread Bill Moffitt
I have been using an older version of OpenWRT on my E110N; I loaded up
the latest release to see if it would fix some "LOST BEACON" problems.

Unfortunately, it didn't even boot, so I broke out the serial cable,
busted open the radio, and connected it. Here's what I captured:


U-Boot 1.1.4-ge619c187-dirty (Apr 12 2017 - 18:52:08)

ap143 - Honey Bee 2.0

DRAM:  64 MB
Flash: 16 MB

dup 1 speed 100
Using eth0 device
ping failed; host 192.168.1.10 is not alive
Unknown command 'ERROR!' - try 'help'
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  1 0
## Booting image at 9f02 ...
   Image Name:   MIPS OpenWrt Linux-5.15.134
   Created:  2023-10-09  21:45:35 UTC
   Image Type:   MIPS Linux Kernel Image (lzma compressed)
   Data Size:2328775 Bytes =  2.2 MB
   Load Address: 8006
   Entry Point:  8006
   Verifying Checksum at 0x9f020040 ...OK
   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
No initrd
## Transferring control to Linux (at address 8006) ...
## Giving linux memsize in bytes, 67108864

Starting kernel ...

[0.00] Linux version 5.15.134 (builder@buildhost)
(mips-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc (OpenWrt GCC 12.3.0 r23497-6637af95aa)
12.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.40.0) #0 Mon Oct 9 21:45:35 2023
[0.00] printk: bootconsole [early0] enabled
[0.00] CPU0 revision is: 00019374 (MIPS 24Kc)
[0.00] MIPS: machine is COMFAST CF-E110N v2
[0.00] SoC: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9533 ver 2 rev 0
[0.00] Initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
[0.00] Primary instruction cache 64kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[0.00] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, VIPT, cache aliases,
linesize 32 bytes
[0.00] Zone ranges:
[0.00]   Normal   [mem 0x-0x03ff]
[0.00] Movable zone start for each node
[0.00] Early memory node ranges
[0.00]   node   0: [mem 0x-0x03ff]
[0.00] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x-0x03ff]
[0.00] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16240
[0.00] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200n8
rootfstype=squashfs,jffs2
[0.00] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768
bytes, linear)
[0.00] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384
bytes, linear)
[0.00] Writing ErrCtl register=
[0.00] Readback ErrCtl register=
[0.00] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[0.00] Memory: 55972K/65536K available (6077K kernel code,
591K rwdata, 780K rodata, 1184K init, 217K bss, 9564K reserved, 0K
cma-reserved)
[0.00] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[0.00] NR_IRQS: 51
[0.00] CPU clock: 650.000 MHz
[0.00] clocksource: MIPS: mask: 0x max_cycles:
0x, max_idle_ns: 5880801374 ns
[0.02] sched_clock: 32 bits at 325MHz, resolution 3ns, wraps
every 6607641598ns
[0.008370] Calibrating delay loop... 432.53 BogoMIPS (lpj=2162688)
[0.074950] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[0.080919] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096
bytes, linear)
[0.088644] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0,
4096 bytes, linear)
[0.105660] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0x max_cycles:
0x, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
[0.116125] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes, linear)
[0.123566] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[0.131441] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
[0.138492] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[0.153766] clocksource: Switched to clocksource MIPS
[0.167301] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
[0.172759] IP idents hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384
bytes, linear)
[0.181676] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512
(order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[0.190630] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6,
262144 bytes, linear)
[0.198823] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0,
4096 bytes, linear)
[0.206939] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[0.214408] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[0.221345] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[0.228344] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[0.236302] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
[0.242338] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 32
[0.251473] workingset: timestamp_bits=14 max_order=14 bucket_order=0
[0.264981] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[0.271158] jffs2: version 2.2 (NAND) (SUMMARY) (LZMA) (RTIME)
(CMODE_PRIORITY) (c) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[0.283297] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4
loaded (major 251)
[0.296681] pinctrl-single 1804002c.pinmux: 576 pins, size 72
[0.304425] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 16 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[

Re: Old hardware...

2023-04-28 Thread Bill Moffitt
I have three (3) old Ubiquiti UniFi indoor access points. Still
supported in OpenWRT ath79, these are from 2015 or so. They're
actually new in the box, purchased for a project that required
OpenWRT; when Ubiquiti locked their bootloader they became
unattractive and I set them aside. I have checked them and upgraded
them to 22.03. They are just 2.4 GHz. 2x2 indoor access points with
POE injectors, mounting brackets, etc.

If someone can use them for testing, teaching, or some other use, I'd
be happy to ship them in the continental US. If you want one or all
three, please contact me at bmoff...@ayrstone.com.

As a side note, I tried selling them on ebay using "running OpenWRT,
not Ubiquiti's firmware" as a differentiation point. I did not even
get a bid, even setting the starting price at $20.


On Fri, Apr 28, 2023 at 2:19 PM Bill Moffitt  wrote:
>
> I have three (3) old Ubiquiti UniFi indoor access points. Still supported in 
> OpenWRT ath79, these are from 2015 or so. They're actually new in the box, 
> purchased for a project that required OpenWRT; when Ubiquiti locked their 
> bootloader they became unattractive and I set them aside. I have checked them 
> and upgraded them to 22.03. They are just 2.4 GHz. 2x2 indoor access points 
> with POE injectors, mounting brackets, etc.
>
> If someone can use them for testing, teaching, or some other use, I'd be 
> happy to ship them in the continental US.
>
> As a side note, I tried selling them on ebay using "running OpenWRT, not 
> Ubiquiti's firmware" as a differentiation point. I did not even get a bid, 
> even setting the starting price at $20.
>
>

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Problem with arp-scan

2020-11-05 Thread Bill Moffitt

Working with 18.06, arp-scan works as expected; e.g.

# arp-scan -I br-lan -l
Interface: br-lan, datalink type: EN10MB (Ethernet)
WARNING: Cannot open MAC/Vendor file /usr/share/arp-scan/ieee-oui.txt: 
No such file or directory
WARNING: Cannot open MAC/Vendor file /usr/share/arp-scan/ieee-iab.txt: 
No such file or directory
WARNING: Cannot open MAC/Vendor file /usr/share/arp-scan/mac-vendor.txt: 
No such file or directory
Starting arp-scan 1.9.5 with 256 hosts 
(https://github.com/royhills/arp-scan)

172.22.47.1    de:9f:db:05:46:5d    (Unknown)
172.22.47.53    00:24:8c:9d:1d:92    (Unknown)
172.22.47.77    0c:ef:af:c4:f5:b5    (Unknown)
172.22.47.111    3c:2a:f4:b8:25:c2    (Unknown)
172.22.47.116    00:02:d1:43:e8:5b    (Unknown)
172.22.47.186    00:c0:ca:8d:4d:2c    (Unknown)
172.22.47.108    00:40:8c:a5:e8:03    (Unknown)
172.22.47.186    00:c0:ca:8d:4d:2c    (Unknown) (DUP: 2)
172.22.47.132    2c:aa:8e:9a:3a:94    (Unknown)

11 packets received by filter, 0 packets dropped by kernel
Ending arp-scan 1.9.5: 256 hosts scanned in 1.810 seconds (141.44 
hosts/sec). 9 responded


But in 19.07.4, I get the following behavior:

# arp-scan -I br-lan -l
Interface: br-lan, datalink type: EN10MB (Ethernet)
WARNING: Cannot open MAC/Vendor file /usr/share/arp-scan/ieee-oui.txt: 
No such file or directory
WARNING: Cannot open MAC/Vendor file /usr/share/arp-scan/ieee-iab.txt: 
No such file or directory
WARNING: Cannot open MAC/Vendor file /usr/share/arp-scan/mac-vendor.txt: 
No such file or directory
Starting arp-scan 1.9.5 with 256 hosts 
(https://github.com/royhills/arp-scan)


22 packets received by filter, 0 packets dropped by kernel
Ending arp-scan 1.9.5: 256 hosts scanned in 1.854 seconds (138.08 
hosts/sec). 0 responded


Has anyone else seen this behavior? Any ideas what might be causing 
this? (e.g. misconfiguration of some sort)


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Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] [LEDE Project Forum] [Installing and Using LEDE] New Ubiquiti LOCO M2 XW

2017-08-24 Thread Bill Moffitt

Fellow developers-

I wanted to follow up on this topic, as it pertains to anyone 
considering using OpenWRT/LEDE on Ubiquiti wireless gear (I can't speak 
to the EdgeRouter, etc. devices).


I have been speaking with one of the executives at Ubiquiti, and he 
disclosed that they have been feeling pressured by the FCC to deal with 
the perceived issue of firmware being able to alter the RF 
characteristics of the hardware, particularly in the 5 GHz. band. He 
pointed to this note from the FCC as evidence: 
https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2339685/fcc-software-security-requirements.pdf


This is an interesting document - I really don't understand what legal 
standing it has - wasn't this the proposal that set us all to the web 
last year to try to make the FCC be sensible? In its First Review and 
Order of July 13 
(https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-17-93A1.pdf) the FCC 
specifically mention in the footnotes that they are NOT addressing 
"...provisions to prevent the unauthorized modification of the software 
and firmware that ensure that and RF device complies with FCC rules that 
prevent harmful interference..."


So it appears, at this point, that the FCC's position is that the 
replacement of firmware on devices is perfectly legal, but, to have a 
U-NII (5 GHz) device authorized in the U.S., it must have its firmware 
locked so it cannot be modified.


Whatever the legality is, the folks at Ubiquiti have made the decision 
to lock the bootloader on all their models so that firmware that is not 
specifically "signed" by Ubiquiti cannot be flashed on to their 
products. Models with locked bootloaders are just being introduced now - 
my last batch of Loco M2 units (note that these are 2.4 GHz. radios) 
were very odd: on units running AirOS 5.6.12 (as they shipped) I could 
load LEDE via the Web UI, but I could not load it using tftp. I updated 
some units to AirOS 6.0.6 and could not load LEDE at all via any method. 
Even connecting to the serial port did not help - the console stops when 
the firmware starts booting.


The bottom line is this: effective in the very near future, we will not 
be able to load OpenWRT/LEDE on to Ubiquiti wireless gear, unless I'm 
missing something here.


And we should expect every vendor to follow suit.

This represents an interesting problem for getting commercial vendors to 
adopt and support OpenWRT/LEDE - if Ubiquiti is interpreting the FCC's 
notes correctly, any company that wants to use OpenWRT/LEDE will have to 
sign the images so they cannot be modified. This seems to contradict the 
real value of OpenWRT/LEDE - and how would that even work with opkg, etc?).


I wanted to report what I have found to this group and see if anyone has 
any brilliant ideas. I haven't any at the moment.


Thanks,

Bill



On 08/14/2017 10:46 AM, Adrian Draus wrote:
[r43k3n] 	r43k3n <http://forum.lede-project.org/users/r43k3n> Adrian 
Draus <http://forum.lede-project.org/users/r43k3n>

August 14

Ubiquiti still refuses to release images for complete system recovery 
for EdgeRouter devices. So when your EdgeOS firmware gets corrupted 
beyond repair and your out of warranty then the only course of action 
is to install LEDE. No official restoration procedure for EdgeOS is 
available.


That is not understandable for me since most TP-Link devices and 
Netgear units too have a way to restore the entire firmware using TFTP.




Visit Topic 
<http://forum.lede-project.org/t/new-ubiquiti-loco-m2-xw/5760/5> or 
reply to this email to respond.





In Reply To

[bmoffitt] 	bmoffitt <http://forum.lede-project.org/users/bmoffitt> 
Bill Moffitt <http://forum.lede-project.org/users/bmoffitt>

August 14

Yes, they are not being very friendly towards us...



Visit Topic 
<http://forum.lede-project.org/t/new-ubiquiti-loco-m2-xw/5760/5> or 
reply to this email to respond.


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[OpenWrt-Devel] Tried to update ticket 20982 on dev.openwrt.org

2016-10-03 Thread Bill Moffitt
I have been busy with other things, but I finally got a shipment of 
brand-new PicoStations (XM, identical to Bullet) here and tried to flash 
both the trunk builds of OpenWRT and LEDE on them.


I'm getting the same error I did some months back:

sent DATA 

Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] [OpenWrt] #20982: jffs2-error / nanostation M5 xw / r47658

2016-05-05 Thread Bill Moffitt

On 05/05/16 19:16, OpenWrt wrote:

#20982: jffs2-error / nanostation M5 xw / r47658
+
   Reporter:  bittorf@…  |  Owner:  developers
   Type:  defect | Status:  new
   Priority:  normal |  Milestone:
  Component:  packages   |Version:  Trunk
Resolution: |   Keywords:
+

Comment (by johnv):

  Replying to [comment:31 bmoffitt]:

  > 1.) Recovery (tftp) flash AirOS 5.6.3 onto the radio; then
  > 2.) Using the fwupdate command in AirOS, flash AirOS 5.5.11 onto the
  radio; then
  > 3.) Again using the fwupdate command, flash OpenWRT onto the radio.
  >
  > This sequence seems to work on every PicoStation and NanoStation Loco M2
  XM I have gotten SO FAR. Oddly, downgrading a radio that came with AirOS
  5.6 running on it to AirOS 5.5 DID NOT WORK - it appears that it is
  necessary to do the recovery (tftp) flash of AirOS 5.6 before you
  downgrade to 5.5. I honestly cannot explain it, but, so far, this sequence
  seems the only way to reliably flash OpenWRT onto a PicoStation, Bullet,
  or NanoStation Loco M2 that comes running AirOS 5.6.


  Can you confirm the 5.6.X version that was installed on the units when you
  received them?  There is a Fix in the UBNT changelog for 5.6.4:

  - Fix: After FW downgrade to 5.5.6 device goes to read-only state (TFTP
  recovery to previous airOS version is required to restore normal
  operation)


  So wondering if the ones that you have that you are unable to simply
  downgrade back to 5.5.11, are prior to 5.6.4 or not.  And if so, if you
  could upgrade to 5.6.4, then downgrade to 5.5.11, and the OpenWRT.
  Getting messier but still might be easier then tftp.
Alas, I don't have any new ones at the moment, and probably won't for a 
few weeks. And I don't recall what the new ones I was testing came with.


--
Ticket URL: <https://dev.openwrt.org/ticket/20982#comment:32>
OpenWrt <http://openwrt.org>
Opensource Wireless Router Technology


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[OpenWrt-Devel] downloads.openwrt.org

2016-03-08 Thread Bill Moffitt
I wasn't able to download the trunk nightlies. It looks like there's a 
nice, slick, new web interface, but no builds in some areas 
(particularly the AR7xx generic platform). Is it just a failed build or 
a problem in the webpage?


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[OpenWrt-Devel] Cannot flash UBNT Loco M2

2016-02-12 Thread Bill Moffitt
I got a new batch of LocoM2 units, and they won't flash using the 
"recovery" (tftp) method - it says,


received ERROR 

[OpenWrt-Devel] Chaos Calmer on Ubiquiti (ubnt) Rocket-M2

2015-12-03 Thread Bill Moffitt
I just downloaded CC for the Rocket M2 
(openwrt-15.05-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-rocket-m-squashfs-factory.bin) and 
could not get it to work.


Specifically, the lights worked, but I could not obtain any response 
(ping, ssh - I even tried telnet) at 192.168.1.1 from the Ethernet port.


I saw Ben West's note and tickets 19885 and 19579, but this did not seem 
to be intermittent - I never saw any response from the Ethernet port.


I did not wireshark it to see if it was sending out any packets (busy).

I thought I'd check in and see if anyone else had seen this issue or 
knew anything about it.


-Bill
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Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] alternatives to TDMA

2015-07-14 Thread Bill Moffitt
My understanding is that UBNT has an ASIC in their devices to help with 
the timing of the TDMA mode. My suspicion is that, without that ASIC, 
software only TDMA would probably not be precise enough to bring benefit.


Does anyone have a better understanding of this?

-Bill
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Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] Q: mac80211: defailt distance-settings 0 (Felix Fietkau)

2014-10-07 Thread Bill Moffitt




Message: 1
Date: Tue, 07 Oct 2014 12:35:25 +0200
From: Felix Fietkau n...@openwrt.org
To: mailinglist openwrt-devel@lists.openwrt.org
Subject: Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] Q: mac80211: defailt distance-settings 0
Message-ID: 5433c1ed.5050...@openwrt.org
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252

On 2014-10-07 08:15, Bastian Bittorf wrote:
 i seems that '/lib/netifd/wireless/mac80211.sh' sets
 the default distance to '0' if not defined via uci.
 
 what does that mean? dynamic ack or not?
 because 0 seems to be a valid value:
0 does not imply dynamic ACK, it is simply the minimum value.
Enabling dynack by default would be a bad idea.

- Felix



Felix-

Thanks for the clarification; I was under the same impression as Bastian. Which 
brings up three follow-up questions:

1. How DO you turn dynack on?
2. When was dynack first added to ath9k and to OpenWRT? (I.e. what's the 
earliest version of OpenWRT in which it can be used?)
3.) Is 0 the right default for distance? Might 100 or 1000 be better values? 

(I'm using OpenWRT for outdoor WiFi in the U.S. with 600 mw access points, so I 
may have a slightly warped sense of what's right here...)

In my experience, the default seems to work OK out to over 2 km.
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Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] Ubiquiti Nanostation LOCO M5

2014-09-28 Thread Bill Moffitt

Martin-

Yes, it does. The LOCO images are only in the trunk, not in 14.07 - only 
the nanostation xw images are currently in 14.07.


Is there any chance we could get the LOCO xw images (which, I suspect, 
would also be the Bullet/Pico xw images) built for the final 14.07?


-Bill

On 09/24/2014 10:02 AM, heini66 wrote:

you're using 14.07 images?
ubiquity releaed new a new hardwaregesign on the m5 that will only 
work with trunk or 14.07 ...

http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/ubiquiti/nanostationm5

hope this helps.

martin

2014-09-24 18:21 GMT+02:00 Bill bmoff...@ayrstone.com 
mailto:bmoff...@ayrstone.com:


I just got 5 LOCO M5 units that won't run OpenWRT. They are
datestamped 1422K; when I try to flash them, they give me:

received ERROR code=2, msg=Firmware check failed

I am using the Bullet M image
(openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-bullet-m-squashfs-factory.bin),
flashing with tftp in binary mode.

I have one other LOCO M5 with datestamp 1340K that works fine -
flashes fine every time. But the new units won't take the firmware
at all.

I assume UBNT did something in the bootloader that is disabling
OpenWRT.

Any help will be welcome. I can open one up and attach a serial
cable, but I'm not sure what I'd look for or what I'd do about it...

Thanks,

Bill
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[OpenWrt-Devel] OpenWRT IPv6 firewall

2014-07-16 Thread Bill Moffitt
I'd like to chime in to this thread as someone who has spent a fair bit 
of time supporting end users (primarily home and small office users) 
setting up and using consumer grade routers.


All these routers today, of course, necessarily come NATted, meaning no 
ports are open to the Internet. Users are accustomed to being able to 
connect their computers to the router's network and be shielded from 
unwanted intrusions from outside by the NAT firewall. I believe the 
default behavior of an IPv6 consumer-grade router should be the same: 
all ports blocked.


Of course, it seems foolish to have global addressing and then have a 
router that blocks client devices, but here is my reasoning:


1.) In the IPv6 world, the firewall should rightfully migrate from the 
router to the device, but that transition won't be simultaneous with the 
availability of v6. For some transitional time, we'll have legacy 
devices on the network that are v6-capable but not necessarily v6-safe - 
and consumer-grade users will probably not realize it. At the least, 
users won't be accustomed to having their printer visible to the whole 
world and will need time to understand that they need to have strong 
passwords on their printers, cameras, thermostats, dog feeders, etc. (or 
explicitly block them)


2.) I believe that the transition to v6 in the U.S. and Europe is not 
going to be slow and orderly, but will be sudden and chaotic, driven by 
emergent demand for some service that arises in a manner that 
necessitates v6 access. For that reason, I think that maintaining 
behavior similar to what consumers see today will be critical in user 
satisfaction.


I expect that, over time, users will become accustomed to the 
end-to-end nature of the v6 Internet and may demand that the firewall 
be open by default, and I would certainly propose that we have a 
simple checkbox in LUCI that allows the firewall to be changed from all 
closed except explicitly open ports to all open in one action. At 
some point we would probably change the default behavior from all 
closed to all open.


However, for the moment, I would argue that the rightness of following 
expected behavior is greater than the rightness of delivering the true 
end-to-end nature of v6.


FWIW,

-Bill Moffitt
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Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] Long-distance links ath9k

2014-03-26 Thread Bill Moffitt


On March 26, 2014 11:29:59 AM PDT, Sergey Ryazanov ryazanov@gmail.com 
wrote:
2014-03-26 9:13 GMT+04:00 Bill Moffitt bmoff...@ayrstone.com:
 It's clear that SOMETHING is getting time-limited, but I have
distance=0 and
 dissassoc_low_ack=0 on both the AP and the station, and I'm not sure
what
 else I can tweak.

Configure distance parameter according to real distance between points.

-- 
BR,
Sergey

Sorry, should have mentioned that, of course, I tried that, and various 
variants of that. At 2 miles (~3000 meters) it had a good connection and could 
consistently measure bandwidth with iperf. Bandwidth was maximized when 
distance=6000 (as expected) and distance=0 (as expected). At 5 miles, it would 
not pass traffic with any value of distance. I tried every value than that made 
any sense (0, 8000, 16000) and some that didn't (3, 50) and the results 
were the same (nothing).

I note that it appeared to be passing authentication data (per the log) but 
failing to authenticate.

I'd be very interested in hearing from anyone who has successfully set up an 
encrypted 5+ mile link (8+ km) with this kind of a setup (Ath7k, AA).

Thanks,

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[OpenWrt-Devel] Long-distance links ath9k

2014-03-25 Thread Bill Moffitt
: [ 2590.96] wlan0: associated

Jan  1 00:43:11 TestUnit kern.info kernel: [ 2592.00] wlan0: disassociated 
from 00:15:6d:4c:45:09 (Reason: 7)

Jan  1 00:43:12 TestUnit kern.info kernel: [ 2592.02] wlan0: 
deauthenticating from 00:15:6d:4c:45:09 by local choice (reason=3)

Jan  1 00:43:12 TestUnit kern.info kernel: [ 2592.80] wlan0: authenticate 
with 00:15:6d:4c:45:09

Jan  1 00:43:12 TestUnit kern.info kernel: [ 2592.83] wlan0: send auth to 
00:15:6d:4c:45:09 (try 1/3)

Jan  1 00:43:12 TestUnit kern.info kernel: [ 2592.84] wlan0: authenticated

Jan  1 00:43:12 TestUnit kern.info kernel: [ 2592.86] wlan0: associate with 
00:15:6d:4c:45:09 (try 1/3)

Jan  1 00:43:12 TestUnit kern.info kernel: [ 2592.91] wlan0: RX AssocResp 
from 00:15:6d:4c:45:09 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=1)

Jan  1 00:43:12 TestUnit kern.info kernel: [ 2592.92] wlan0: associated


It strongly smells like I'm having trouble with hostapd and/or 
wpa-supplicant, but I'm not sure even where to look for more information 
at this point.


All help gratefully accepted...

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Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] Comprehensive ipv4 and ipv6 unaligned access, patch for ar71xx

2012-04-23 Thread Bill Moffitt

Philosophical rant

On the subject of being able to turn off V6, I agree with both sides, 
but with a caveat.


On one side, V6 is necessary today in Asia, but, on the other had, it's 
not at all necessary or even desirable yet in North America and Europe, 
so I think it is desirable to be able to turn it off.


Right now I don't know of a consumer ISP in North America that will GIVE 
you an IPv6 address, never mind require it, although some business ISPs 
tout V6 routing.


Because of the foot-dragging in rolling out V6, I believe that adoption 
is not going to be a gradual affair - I believe that, at some point, 
someone (probably in Asia) is going to invent the Next Big Thing that 
Everybody HAS to HAVE, (i.e. the next new Google, Facebook, Twitter, 
Pinterest, Dropbox, whatever) and it will only be accessible via V6. At 
that point, everyone in North America and Europe will suddenly change 
from ignoring V6 to HAVING TO HAVE IT RIGHT NOW!!!


I believe the ISPs will mostly be blindsided - the few who thought that 
this might happen will be able to move users to V6 and will be winners 
in this scenario, while those who didn't plan ahead (or thought they'd 
be able to move people gradually to v6) will be roasted alive in the 
court of consumer opinion. It will be a crisis that no one could have 
predicted.


While we consumers in N. America and Europe can still afford to be 
complacent for a while, I think that we, as OpenWRT developers, need to 
be very diligent in ensuring OpenWRT plays well on V6 in anticipation 
of this event, should it come to pass. It may be a nice opportunity for 
OpenWRT to get some nice publicity by saving the day when the crisis 
occurs.


/Philosophical rant

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[OpenWrt-Devel] Ubiquiti PicoStation 2HP (and perhaps others)

2012-01-09 Thread Bill Moffitt

Folks-

As noted earlier, I found myself unable to flash OpenWRT on to new 
Ubiquiti PicoStation 2HP radios. After working on it for about a week, I 
have found a solution, at least for my own purposes.


I'm not familiar enough with the OpenWRT standards to suggest a specific 
patch, but I'll share the hack I'm using on my own (adulterated) version 
of the Robin firmware.


As Jo-Philipp Wich pointed out on January 1:

Hi.

Ubiquiti tightened the regulatory enforcement. They now ship with a
regdomain entry in the boarddate which is not recognized by OpenWrt's
HAL, therfore the wifi is rejected.

It can be fixed by changing the byte at offset 0x277 in mtd6 to 0x00 or
any other valid regdomain id.

Possible fixes are difficult. One obvious solution is to make the HAL
recognize Ubnt's new IDs, but that is going to be difficult since its
closed source. The other workaround I can think of is to runtime-patch
the in-memory copy of the radio-data in the board setup code.

~ Jow


Here's how I did it is this; first, I put the following script in /etc/ 
and called it regdoman-script.sh:


*Code:*

#!/bin/sh
# By Bill Moffitt - this script puts a zero in the 632nd byte of the 
appropriate device

#
date /etc/firstbootlog
echo Starting regdomain-script.sh /etc/firstbootlog
partn=`grep boardconfig /proc/mtd |awk '{print $1}' |cut -d: -f1`
byte=$(hexdump -b /dev/$partn |grep 270 |awk '{print $9}')
echo Going to work on partition $partn where regdomain is $byte
if [ $byte == 000 ]; then
   echo success /tmp/regdomain_success
   exit
fi
if [ $partn -a ! $byte == 000 ]; then
   echo Setting up regdomain on partition /dev/$partn 
/etc/firstbootlog
   dd if=/dev/$partn of=/tmp/mtdfile bs=1 count=631  echo got the 
first 631 bytes /etc/firstbootlog
   dd if=/dev/zero bs=1 count=1 /tmp/mtdfile  echo put in the 
zero /etc/firstbootlog
   dd if=/dev/$partn bs=1 skip=632 /tmp/mtdfile  echo got the rest 
of the file /etc/firstbootlog

   mtd erase $partn  echo erased the partition /etc/firstbootlog
   dd if=/tmp/mtdfile of=/dev/$partn 2/etc/firstbootlog  echo 
Finished flashing partition $partn /etc/firstbootlog

   wait
   sync  echo Sync succeeded /etc/firstbootlog
   byte=$(hexdump -b /dev/$partn |grep 270 |awk '{print $9}')
   if [ $byte -eq 000 ]; then
  echo regdomain is zero /etc/firstbootlog
  sync 
  rm /tmp/mtdfile
  date /etc/firstbootlog
  echo done with regdomain /etc/firstbootlog
  echo success /tmp/regdomain_success
   else
  echo FAIL writing the file back to /dev/$partn - regdomain 
remains $byte

   fi
else
   echo Could not find partition /etc/firstbootlog
fi



Next, I edited /etc/init.d/rcS. Just before it kicks off the rc.d 
scripts, I inserted the following code:


*Code:*

   if [ -e /etc/regdomain-script.sh ]; then
  logger applying regdomain patch
  /etc/regdomain-script.sh
  wait
  if [ -e /tmp/regdomain_success ]; then
 rm /etc/regdomain-script.sh
 echo regdomain-script.sh seems to have worked 
/etc/firstbootlog

  else
 echo regdomain-script.sh seems to have failed 
/etc/firstbootlog

  fi
   fi



The upshot of this is that, on the device's first boot, it looks for the 
correct /dev/mtd file, checks to see if it has the bogus byte that 
Ubiquiti has placed in there, and, if it does, it changes that byte. It 
leaves a little log file in /etc/firstbootlog (so you can tell what 
happened) and, if the regdomain-script.sh has succeeded, it deletes the 
script so it won't execute every time the device starts up.


Please let me know if you have any questions.

Thanks to Jo-Philipp and several others for help in debugging this.

-Bill
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Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] OpenWRT fails on recent Ubiquiti PicoStation 2HP radios

2012-01-02 Thread Bill Moffitt

Hi.

Ubiquiti tightened the regulatory enforcement. They now ship with a
regdomain entry in the boarddate which is not recognized by OpenWrt's
HAL, therfore the wifi is rejected.

It can be fixed by changing the byte at offset 0x277 in mtd6 to 0x00 or
any other valid regdomain id.

Possible fixes are difficult. One obvious solution is to make the HAL
recognize Ubnt's new IDs, but that is going to be difficult since its
closed source. The other workaround I can think of is to runtime-patch
the in-memory copy of the radio-data in the board setup code.

~ Jow


Jow-

Thank you for your speedy reply. I agree the best short-term workaround 
is to do a runtime patch of the regdomain, but how, practically, to do it?


I'm very open to suggestions - I'm currently dead in the water.

-Bill

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[OpenWrt-Devel] OpenWRT consultant

2012-01-02 Thread Bill Moffitt
I have a lot of OpenWRT work I need to get done (from the platform to 
application-level) and need someone with some real OpenWRT experience to 
help out on a part-time basis.


There are benefits to the community at large - I hope to improve the 
support for certain Ubiquiti and/or Engenius products in OpenWRT.


If you're qualified and interested (or know someone who might be), 
please contact me at bmoff...@ayrstone.com.


Thanks,

Bill

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[OpenWrt-Devel] OpenWRT fails on recent Ubiquiti PicoStation 2HP radios

2012-01-01 Thread Bill Moffitt
Ubiquiti (ubnt.com) has changed something in the Pico2HP and OpenWRT can 
no longer start the WiFi radio on it. I have only seen this on recent 
Pico2HPs with MAC addresses starting with 00:27:22:8A (although my 
sample is currently small).


OpenWRT (10.03.1) will boot and run, but the log (and dmesg) says,

wifi%d ath_attach failed: -22

I don't know enough about MadWifi and the HAL to even debug this.

Any help will be appreciated!

--
Bill Moffitt
Ayrstone Productivity
http://www.ayrstone.com

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Re: [OpenWrt-Devel] [PATCH] Proper Ubiquiti AirRouter Hardware, Support

2011-11-21 Thread Bill Moffitt
Confirming that the patch seems to work - ports correct, all lights work 
correctly.


--
Bill Moffitt
Ayrstone Productivity
http://www.ayrstone.com

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