Re: [SQL] copy command and array of composite types?
Try to export some data from the table using copy from ... to see
what it looks like.
On 2008-Mar-25, at 12:19, Jon Norman wrote:
I'm using PostgreSQL 8.3.1.
I've created the following composite type:
CREATE TYPE expression_event_type AS (
event_id varchar(10),
expr_indices smallint[]
);
which is used with the following table definition:
CREATE TABLE boolean_expr_table(
expr_id smallint PRIMARY KEY,
expr_name varchar(100) NOT NULL,
expression varchar(256) NOT NULL,
event_indices expression_event_type[] NOT NULL,
true_cases smallint[] NOT NULL
);
Question: What is the correct way to load the event_indices column
using the copy command and a external file?
I've tried: {(1,{1,2,3})} without success.
[SQL] Was: fetch first rows of grouped data
Hi there
I have a list of events that take place in a certain city at a
certain date. Now I would like to have the first two (ordered by
date) events for each city.
Is there a way to do this with one query?
I am using PostgreSQL 7.4.
Thanks for any tips.
Claudia
I think I may have come up with a possible solution.
Create a selection that produces a unique identifier for each city
ordered by date then use array_accum to collect the unique identifiers
for each city, then match the first two elements of the array with the
identifiers.
For instance if you had a table :
CREATE TABLE crazy_talk (
ct_id bigserial primary key,
ct_city text,
ct_date date,
ct_data text
) ;
Then you could use :
SELECT
ct_id ,
ct_city ,
ct_date ,
ct_data
FROM
crazy_talk ,
(SELECT
ct_city AS city,
array_accum(ct_id) as match
FROM
crazy_talk
ORDER BY
ct_city ,
ct_date
GROUP BY
ct_city ) AS data_set
WHERE
ct_city = city AND
ct_id IN (match[0],match[1])
ORDER BY
ct_city ,
ct_date
;
I hope this helps, I did not try it, but I think it should work.
PS if you don't have array_accum here it is :
CREATE AGGREGATE array_accum (
BASETYPE = anyelement,
SFUNC = array_append,
STYPE = anyarray,
INITCOND = '{}'
);
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Re: [SQL] Regular Expressions
On Wed, 2007-03-21 at 11:04 -0300, Ezequias R. da Rocha wrote: Hi list, I would like to know if postgresql has a Regular Expressions (Regex) implemented already. With it we could implement queries like Select * from myClientes where name = 'E[zs]equias' Case Sensitive Regular Match ~ Case Insensitive Regular Match ~* Negated Case Sensitive Regular Match !~ Negated Case Insensitive Regular Match !~* Select * from myClientes where name ~ 'E[zs]equias' where the result occurs even if the field has Ezequias or Esequias. Regards Ezequias ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 2: Don't 'kill -9' the postmaster -- Guy Fraser Network Administrator The Internet Centre 1-888-450-6787 (780)450-6787 ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 3: Have you checked our extensive FAQ? http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq
Re: [SQL] Regular Expressions
On Wed, 2007-03-21 at 14:37 -0300, Ezequias R. da Rocha wrote:
Guy Fraser escreveu:
On Wed, 2007-03-21 at 11:04 -0300, Ezequias R. da Rocha wrote:
Hi list,
I would like to know if postgresql has a Regular Expressions (Regex)
implemented already.
With it we could implement queries like
Select * from myClientes where name = 'E[zs]equias'
Case Sensitive Regular Match ~
Case Insensitive Regular Match ~*
Negated Case Sensitive Regular Match !~
Negated Case Insensitive Regular Match !~*
Select * from myClientes where name ~ 'E[zs]equias'
where the result occurs even if the field has Ezequias or Esequias.
Regards
Ezequias
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Great I am thinking of putting my like to rest. I felt it faster than
like statement, have you any information about that ?
No I don't know if regular expressions are faster than LIKE but
I think they are more flexible. When developing queries, I usually
try different methods of matching to find out what works best for
each circumstance. Some times upper() lower() and substr() with an
= are more effective than other methods.
One of the more powerful features of PostgreSQL is the ability to
use sub-selects to reduce the time required to process a subset of
data from a larger volume of data.
Example :
select
*
from (
select
ss_time,
ss_date,
ss_type,
ss_data
from
full_set
where
ss_type in ('type_a','type_x')
) as sub_set
where
upper(ss_data) ~ '[A-Z][0-9][A-Z] ?[0-9][A-Z][0-9]'
order by
ss_time,
ss_date,
ss_type
;
Ezequias
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Re: [SQL] LinkedList
On Sat, 2006-29-04 at 01:50 -0500, Ben K. wrote: On Fri, 28 Apr 2006, Guy Fraser wrote: -- HEAD insert into linkedlist values(null,1,0); insert into linkedlist values(1,2,10); insert into linkedlist values(2,3,20); insert into linkedlist values(3,4,30); insert into linkedlist values(4,5,40); -- TAIL insert into linkedlist values(5,null,50); Bad example of a double linked list, you also need an id for the current node and the values of prevnode and nextnode do not need to be ordered or contiguous as the example shows. Wow. Interesting... I am willing to be corrected, but to me the node field seems redundant, since it does not add any information. (Since each item in the list is already uniquely identifiable without the node.) Certainly so, for traversing, which was the OP's intention. It may save some steps in case of other operations but at the expense of one more field. Please see below. The problem is that your way, there is no indicated way to determine which node is which. For instance is you update any of your nodes then the node list would be out of order and your list would not work. After I posted the message I realized there is another way to do this without adding an extra field, and it would be a closer example to how it is done in C. If you assigned the OID of the previous and next nodes rather than arbitrary integer, you could access each node independent of the order they are listed. I have not messed around much with OIDs. I am not sure if OIDs change if an entry is updated. In C you would use a pointer to storage location of previous and next node which is similar to using the OID. In some cases it can be necessary to use pointers to pointers when accessing variable length relocatable data, but that goes way past what this thread is about. The example I provided, is still feasible and alleviates all unknowns at the expense of 4 bytes of storage for one integer used as a fixed address for each node. create table linkedlist(node int,prevnode int, nextnode int, val int); insert into linkedlist values(1,null,2,0); insert into linkedlist values(2,1,3,10); insert into linkedlist values(3,2,4,30); insert into linkedlist values(4,3,5,20); insert into linkedlist values(5,4,6,40); insert into linkedlist values(6,5,null,50); If we now wanted to reorder an item in the set you need make some updates in a block, which I have not done before but should be something like this: Move node 4 between 2 and 3 so that the values from head to tail are ordered. update linkedlist set prevnode = '2',nextnode = '3' where node = '4'; update linkedlist set nextnode = '4' where node = '2'; update linkedlist set prevnode = '4' where node = '3'; If the intention is to change it from 0-10-30-20-40-50 to 0-10-20-30-40-50, it would have been (in my design) exchanging node 3 and node 4 below. null,1,0 1,2,10 -- node 2 2,3,30 -- node 3 3,4,20 -- node 4 4,5,40 5,null,50 Now, it can be done by: begin; update linkedlist set prevnode=2 where prevnode=3; -- node 4 = (2,4,20) update linkedlist set prevnode=3 where nextnode=3; -- node 3 = (3,3,30) update linkedlist set nextnode=3 where prevnode=2; -- node 4 = (2,3,20) update linkedlist set nextnode=4 where nextnode=3; -- node 3 = (3,4,30) commit; achieving the same. ... 2,3,20 -- node 4, originally 3,4,30 -- node 3, originally ... node will be more cost efficient if we insert an item at the beginning of a long list, for example insert (2,3,100) before node 3 (2,3,20), but at least the sql is simple; update linkedlist set prevnode = prevnode + 1 where prevnode 1; update linkedlist set nextnode = nextnode + 1 where nextnode 2; and then do insert (2,3,xxx) This method can also be used for reordering. The usefulness of the node will depend on the economics of these update operations over keeping one more field. But I think this is more of an exercise, and functions would be the proper way for complex operations. As long as it works in real world use. Without some way of addressing each node, the idea of a linked list seems wrong, since a linked is supposed to hold the address of the previous and or next item in the list, assuming the data is always going to be correctly sorted so that you can locate the next item by tupple number seems overly assumptive. If it works for you great, your example may then be useful as a short cut, but I don't believe in leaving things to chance when programming. ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 6: explain analyze is your friend
Re: [SQL] pgcrypto-crypt
On Thu, 2006-06-04 at 13:53 +0530, AKHILESH GUPTA wrote:
dear all,
i want to encrypt and decrypt one of the fields in my table (i.e-
password field)
i have searched and with the help of pgcrypto package, using function
crypt, i am able to encrypt my data,
but there is nothing which i found to decrypt that same data,
plz anybody give me the function to decrypt that encrypted value.
plz reply asap
I found this with Google, maybe it will help you.
CREATE TABLE crypto (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
title VARCHAR(50),
crypted_content BYTEA
);
INSERT INTO crypto VALUES (1,'test1',encrypt('daniel', 'fooz', 'aes'));
INSERT INTO crypto VALUES (2,'test2',encrypt('struck', 'fooz', 'aes'));
INSERT INTO crypto VALUES (3,'test3',encrypt('konz', 'fooz', 'aes'));
SELECT * FROM crypto;
SELECT *,decrypt(crypted_content, 'fooz', 'aes') FROM crypto;
SELECT *,decrypt(crypted_content, 'fooz', 'aes') FROM crypto WHERE
decrypt(crypted_content, 'fooz', 'aes') = 'struck';
I could not test it, since I do not have pgcrypto installed.
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Re: [SQL] Simple Question
Convert to seconds first (3600 sec/hr) : select ( '3600'::int4 * '478'::int4 / '45.0'::float8 )::int4::reltime::interval ; interval -- 10:37:20 (1 row) I don't know if ::int4::reltime::interval is the best way to end up with an interval, but its the only way I could figure out how to do it off the top of my head. On Tue, 2005-11-01 at 16:42 -0500, Terry Lee Tucker wrote: Hello: I'm trying to figure out how to convert a floating point value into an interval of time. I'm calculating the time required to drive from point A to point B. For the sake of this question, we'll just say it is miles/speed. So: drv_time = 478 / 45.0; The value of this is: 10.6222 Is there a way of converting this value to an interval. It seems that INTERVAL only works with a quoted literal value. If I type: rnd=# select interval '10.8444 hours'; interval @ 10 hours 50 mins 40 secs (1 row) Anybody have an pointers? Thanks... Work: 1-336-372-6812 Cell: 1-336-363-4719 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 4: Don't 'kill -9' the postmaster -- Guy Fraser Network Administrator The Internet Centre 1-888-450-6787 (780)450-6787 ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 8: explain analyze is your friend
Re: [SQL] save sql result to file
Off the top of my head: psql -c select into dump_table from old_table ; database pg_dump -t dump_table -f dump_table.tmp database sed -e s/dump_table/table_name/g dump_table.tmp table_name.sql rm dump_table.tmp You should now have a file called table_name.sql with the stuff required to create a new table called table_name with the data from your query. On Thu, 2004-23-12 at 20:44 -0800, william lim wrote: how to save sql result to a text file in database-backup format? I want to backup a portion of data from my query to files and can do restore from them. Thanks William ___ Sent by ePrompter, the premier email notification software. Free download at http://www.ePrompter.com. ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 9: the planner will ignore your desire to choose an index scan if your joining column's datatypes do not match
Re: [SQL] Comparing Dates
You should use single quotes for all literals. Examples: select '2004-06-08' ; ?column? 2004-06-08 select 'user' ; ?column? -- user Failing to quote literals will cause unexpected results. Examples: select 2004-06-08 ; ?column? -- 1990 select user ; current_user -- guy Thomas F.O'Connell [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: select 2004-06-08; ?column? -- 1990 I'm not exactly sure how the bare string is converted internally, but it's clearly not a complete date like you're expecting. -- Guy Fraser Network Administrator The Internet Centre 780-450-6787 , 1-888-450-6787 There is a fine line between genius and lunacy, fear not, walk the line with pride. Not all things will end up as you wanted, but you will certainly discover things the meek and timid will miss out on. ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 5: Have you checked our extensive FAQ? http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs/FAQ.html
Re: [SQL] [GENERAL] PHP or JSP? That is the question.
Yes java is compiled, and compilers do catch most syntax and scope
errors, as I said,
but the java object code is still interpreted. Logical errors and other
mistakes still get
through compilation, and good regression testing is still required for
quality assurance.
I think JSP is an excelent solution and is probably the way I will go.
We already have
Jakarta Tomcat running inhouse, but I havn't touched Java since 1996.
I started with PHP about a year ago and after 1 week I had succefully
written a radius
authentcated session based PostGreSQL reporting application. A couple
months ago I
wrote a data collection application that stores data in a MySQL database
{yik, not my
choice} and a PHP front end that generates tables graphs and statistical
analysis, and it
took one day to build and test thoroughly.
I used to use Perl or white my own CGI's in C, but PHP is so, much
easier than either.
I have been programming since 1981 and have learned many languages on many
platforms. I have maintained a few Sun servers but usualy in a mix with
other Unix
variants. Because of the mixed environments and poor Java support on
many platforms
I never had a good reason to use java. Most of the applications I have
written did not
need complicated GUI interfaces, so C and Perl have done fine for a long
time, and
PHP is adequate for simple DB applications. I am entertaining JSP for
the more
complicated GUI interface for a project I may need to build in the near
future.
Management has asked about ASP, but since we have to support many non
windows
platforms I have strongly advised against it, besides I feel JSP will be
much better.
Do you have a suggestion for a good resource, in order for me to get up
to speed
quickly with Java?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
My point is not about method how and how fast the whole thing executes but if
the source code can be compiled assuming that compilation checks for a many
things like data type mismatch or missing and provides many warnings for
potential errors. If PHP has such compilation then fine.
Many people like development with interpreted languages and they build
impressive applications but I think that compilation always helps: the time
spent waiting for compilation to finish pays off many times.
JSP is compiled: I like that. Take Java Script as an example: either you
shake after every change to source code regarding errors like 'Object not
found' or build extensive automated regression tests but then you are going
to spent time for building those test cases which still may fail to detect
errors which are otherwise just easily detected by the compiler.
-Original Message-
From: Guy Fraser [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: 23. mars 2004 16:01
To: Laimutis Nedzinskas
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: [GENERAL] PHP or JSP? That is the question.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
It may be added to the Mark's points bellow that PHP has
more libraries
in the out of the box setup (like regular expressions) but PHP is
interpreted
(right?) while JSP is compiled: when I was making decision I
have chosen JSP
because of compiled criteria: I do like the idea to catch
as many bugs as
possible at compile time and rather hate interpreted development.
Sorry but your not correct.
Java is a binary 'interpreted' language. Although it is
binary it is not
a binary exucutable
native on almost all platforms. The java executable
interprets the java
binary code and
translates it into native machine executable code. Since the
binary data
is tokenized it is
more efficient and has already had it syntax and scopes
verified so less
processing is
required making it faster once it has been compiled.
One of the bigger advantages of JSP is the two way data flow
capability.
With the
java application running at the client end providing the
interface, and
the java servlet
running at the server end doing the I/O, JSP can make a more fluid
feeling interface.
With PHP once the page is rendered it is static.
...snip...
--
Guy Fraser
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Re: [SQL] comparing nulls
Kenneth Gonsalves wrote: On Tuesday 20 January 2004 19:26, Chris Bowlby wrote: Hi Ken, Under 7.3.x this option was removed, you need to test via: SELECT * from table where field IS NULL; thanx - works in both 7.1 and 7.3 - why do these guys keep fooling around with these thangs? Standards compliance :-) ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 9: the planner will ignore your desire to choose an index scan if your joining column's datatypes do not match
Re: [SQL] testing for null value in integer field?
select . where intnumber IS NULL Geoffrey wrote: How does one check for an unset value in an integer field? I've tried such things as: select . where intnumber = '' select .. where intnumber = ? select . where intnumber = NULL Thanks. ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 1: subscribe and unsubscribe commands go to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: [SQL] picking max from list
select group,rd_pk from (select ...) as your_query, (select max(run) as max_run,rd_pk as rd from (select ...) as your_query) as max_rd where rd = rd_pk and max_run = run; I dont know if you call that one query but it should work. There may be more elegant solutions, but I havn't had a chance to read up on the new join types. Good luck Jodi Kanter wrote: I have a query that produces results similar to this: run# rd_pk group# 09209 5 19209 8 09520 2 19520 5 09520 etc 08652 18652 28652 08895 18894 Ultimately I want to know the group number for EACH rd_pk with the highest run number. Can this be done in one query? Or will I need to code with a loop? Thanks Jodi -- Guy Fraser Network Administrator ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 8: explain analyze is your friend
Re: [SQL] selecting duplicate records
This is a test I did on one of my tables where I put duplicated entries : select * from acct_other_2003sep except select sep.* from ( select min(oid) as min_oid, Acct-Status-Type, User-Name, Realm, Acct-Session-Time, Acct-Input-Octets, Acct-Output-Octets, Called-Station-Id, Calling-Station-Id, Acct-Terminate-Cause, Framed-IP-Address, Service-Type, Framed-Protocol, Client-IP-Address, NAS-IP-Address, NAS-Port-Type, NAS-Port-Id, Acct-Session-Id, Acct-Link-Count, Acct-Multi-Session-Id from acct_other_2003sep group by Acct-Status-Type, User-Name, Realm, Acct-Session-Time, Acct-Input-Octets, Acct-Output-Octets, Called-Station-Id, Calling-Station-Id, Acct-Terminate-Cause, Framed-IP-Address, Service-Type, Framed-Protocol, Client-IP-Address, NAS-IP-Address, NAS-Port-Type, NAS-Port-Id, Acct-Session-Id, Acct-Link-Count, Acct-Multi-Session-Id ) as min_sep, acct_other_2003sep as sep where sep.oid = min_sep.min_oid ; From the above example you can see how to use a subselect to get a unique list then using except, you can get the records that were not unique. This may not be exactly what you want but it does implement some of the methods required to get around using using temporary tables. For some tasks using temporary tables may be more suitable if your query becomes too complex and or you run out of memory/time. Hope this helps. Guy Christopher Browne wrote: The world rejoiced as [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Christoph Haller) wrote: 1. How to select duplicate records only from a single table using a select query. e.g. select sid,count(sid) from location group by sid having count(sid)1; Do you get the idea? Your request is pretty unspecific, so if this is not what you're asking for, try again. The aggregate is likely to perform horrifically badly. Here might be an option: Step 1. Find all of the duplicates... select a.* into temp table sid from some_table a, some_table b where a.oid b.oid and a.field1 = b.field1 and a.field2 = b.field2 and a.field3 = b.field3 and ... a.fieldn = b.fieldn; Step 2. Look for the matching entries in the source table... select a.* from some_table a, sid b where a.field1 = b.field1 and a.field2 = b.field2 and a.field3 = b.field3 and ... a.fieldn = b.fieldn; [There's a weakness here; if there are multiple dupes, they may get picked multiple times in the second query :-(.] -- Guy Fraser Network Administrator The Internet Centre 780-450-6787 , 1-888-450-6787 There is a fine line between genius and lunacy, fear not, walk the line with pride. Not all things will end up as you wanted, but you will certainly discover things the meek and timid will miss out on. ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 8: explain analyze is your friend
Re: [SQL] [GENERAL] Request for advice: Table design
Hi
I realized I made a mistake. :(
The example below should have :
create view all_data as
select ...
The as statement was missing.
Here is a real sample of a function allowing a similar effect :
--- sql script ---
--
-- delete old function [must be done before type is dropped]
--
DROP FUNCTION acct_info( TEXT , INTEGER );
--
-- delete old type
--
DROP TYPE acct_info_record;
--
-- return type for acct_info records
--
CREATE TYPE acct_info_record AS (
Time-Stamp ABSTIME,
Acct-Status-Type TEXT,
User-Name TEXT,
Realm TEXT,
Acct-Session-Time INTEGER,
Acct-Input-Octets INTEGER,
Acct-Output-Octets INTEGER,
Called-Station-Id TEXT,
Calling-Station-Id TEXT,
Acct-Terminate-Cause TEXT,
Framed-IP-Address INET,
Service-Type TEXT,
Framed-Protocol TEXT,
Client-IP-Address INET,
NAS-IP-Address INET,
NAS-Port-Type TEXT,
NAS-Port-Id INTEGER,
Timestamp INTEGER,
Acct-Session-Id TEXT,
Acct-Link-Count SMALLINT,
Acct-Multi-Session-Id TEXT,
Acct-Delay-Time INTEGER
);
--
-- function to select start and stop records as one data set by mon
and year.
--
CREATE FUNCTION acct_info( TEXT , INTEGER ) RETURNS SETOF
acct_info_record AS '
DECLARE
p_mon ALIAS FOR $1;
p_year ALIAS FOR $2;
v_exec TEXT;
rec RECORD;
BEGIN
v_exec := ''SELECT
Time-Stamp,
Acct-Status-Type,
User-Name,
Realm,
Acct-Session-Time,
Acct-Input-Octets,
Acct-Output-Octets,
Called-Station-Id,
Calling-Station-Id,
Acct-Terminate-Cause,
Framed-IP-Address,
Service-Type,
Framed-Protocol,
Client-IP-Address,
NAS-IP-Address,
NAS-Port-Type,
NAS-Port-Id,
Timestamp,
Acct-Session-Id,
Acct-Link-Count,
Acct-Multi-Session-Id,
Acct-Delay-Time
FROM acct_start_'' || p_year || p_mon ||
'' UNION SELECT
Time-Stamp,
Acct-Status-Type,
User-Name,
Realm,
Acct-Session-Time,
Acct-Input-Octets,
Acct-Output-Octets,
Called-Station-Id,
Calling-Station-Id,
Acct-Terminate-Cause,
Framed-IP-Address,
Service-Type,
Framed-Protocol,
Client-IP-Address,
NAS-IP-Address,
NAS-Port-Type,
NAS-Port-Id,
Timestamp,
Acct-Session-Id,
Acct-Link-Count,
Acct-Multi-Session-Id,
Acct-Delay-Time
FROM acct_stop_'' || p_year || p_mon ;
FOR rec IN EXECUTE v_exec
LOOP
RETURN NEXT rec;
END LOOP;
RETURN;
END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
--
-- check to make sure it works
--
SELECT * FROM acct_info('jun','2003') LIMIT 10;
--
--- end of sql script --
That may not be of as much help for that project, but it was somthing I
realized I could use in one of my applications.
Guy
Dennis Gearon wrote:
wow! Thanks for that info. I'm definitely filing this for use in a
future,near term project.
Guy Fraser wrote:
Hi
As an additional note;
Older data is moved into a seperate table to reduce the number of
records that require regular vacuuming. Since the tables would
contain similar data it is simple to use union selections in a view
with an additional column to indicate which table the data comes
from. Using a view that combines the data from the two tables using a
union, the data will appear to be comming from a single table. This
method make archival access transparent.
I have a realtime data collection system that I built. The data is
put into tables on a yearly and monthly basis on the fly and new
tables are created as needed. I use a union to join tables to access
the data over several months. I just thought of a new idea, I am
going to write a function to join the tables required over a timespan
- but that's another story.
Two tables are easy to join with a union :
{if the column types are exactly matched}
create view all_data
select *,'current_data'::text as data_table from current_data ...
union
select *,'archive_data'::text from archive_data ...
;
The last column will indicate the data's origin.
Now to see all the data :
select * from all_data ;
Thats about it, using this method allows the dynamic table to small
for quick maintenace and operation, while the static table needs
less maintenace so it can be large with out the penalties incurred by
frequent maintenace.
Guy
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Re: [SQL] Creating Views with Column Names based on Distinct
Hi
CREATE VIEW user_stuff ...select comand that displays what you want... ;
This might be what you want ?:-)
CREATE VIEW user_stuff
SELECT username AS Username,userpassword AS
Pass/Attribute,startdate::TEXT AS Date/Value
FROM user
UNION SELECT
user.username,userdetail.attributename,userdetail.attributevalue::TEXT
FROM user,userdetail
WHERE user.userid = userdetail.userid
;
Here is some psuedo output :
-- select Usernames that start with 'j' from view.
-- NOTE: The columns I setup have capitals and 'unsafe' characters so
they must be in double quotes.
SELECT * from user_stuff where Username ~ '^j';
Username | Pass/Attribute | Date/Value
--++
joeuser | 5n00py | 01-01-01
joeuser | ju-attribute1 | ju-value1
joeuser | ju-attribute2 | ju-value2
...
janedow | 5eaShe11 | 02-02-02
janedow | jd-attribute1 | jd-value1
janedow | jd-attribute2 | jd-value2
...
NOTE: The the colums all have to be the same type {and probably size}. I
would suggest using TEXT instead of VARCHAR(). Since the data in the
third column is either a date or character data, I cast the date and
value to TEXT so that they would both match.
This looks suprisingly like a radius authentication database, I recently
patched cistron to do PostgreSQL accounting, and will likely make an SQL
authentication patch as well, or switch to freeRadius and help them fix
up there software. I have looked at freeRadius a couple of times, but it
has really bad docs for the SQL support.
Hope this helps.
Guy
Frank Bax wrote:
At 10:59 AM 6/6/03, Damien Dougan wrote:
I was wondering if it is possible to create a table view based on a
table
which is effectively an attribute list.
For example, suppose I have two tables:
CREATE TABLE user
(
userid integer,
username character varying,
userpassword character varying,
startdate date
);
CREATE TABLE userdetail
(
userid integer,
attributename character varying,
attributevalue character varying
);
Now I want to make a public view of the user, which would have all of
the
defined fields in user, and all of the defined attributes across
userdetail.
I'll think you'll find what you're looking for if you search the
archives of this mailing list for 'crosstab'.
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Re: [SQL] Calculating with the time
Is this what you are looking for? test=# select 'now'::time as test,'2003-05-30 14:51:38-06'::timestamptz as stamp into temp cruft; SELECT test=# select test,stamp,test - stamp::time as diff from cruft; test | stamp | diff -++- 15:09:28.862728 | 2003-05-30 14:51:38-06 | 00:17:50.862728 (1 row) test=# select test,stamp,reltime(test - stamp::time) as diff from cruft; test | stamp | diff -++-- 15:09:28.862728 | 2003-05-30 14:51:38-06 | 00:17:50 (1 row) test=# drop table cruft; DROP TABLE Guy Katka a Daniel Dunajsky wrote: Hello All, I am looking for an advice how to do calculation with the time. I do have a column with datatype 'timestamp with time zone'. The value is '2003-03-22 07:53:56-07' for instance. I would like to select it from the table with result of '07:59:59' '07:53:56', so the query should return '00:06:03'. Thank you for your time. DanielD ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 2: you can get off all lists at once with the unregister command (send unregister YourEmailAddressHere to [EMAIL PROTECTED])
Convert a text list to text array? Was: [SQL] Denormalizing duringselect
The email at the bottom gave me an idea, but it doesn't quite work:
CREATE AGGREGATE accumulate(
BASETYPE = text,
SFUNC = textcat,
STYPE = text,
INITCOND = '' );
--
SELECT ('{' || ltrim(accumulate(',' || tablename),',') || '}') as cruft
FROM pg_tables
WHERE hasindexes = 'f';
cruft
---
{pg_xactlock,pg_listener}
(1 row)
This produces somthing that looks like it could be able to be converted into
an array but I cant figure out how to make it work.
Guy
Edmund Lian wrote:
Jeff and Josh,
I found this example in Practical PostgreSQL... will it do the job?
The following example defines an aggregate function named sum(), for
use with the text data type. This aggregate calls the
textcat(text,text) function built into PostgreSQL to return a
concatenated sum of all the text found in its input values:
booktown=# CREATE AGGREGATE sum ( BASETYPE = text,
booktown(#SFUNC = textcat,
booktown(#STYPE = text,
booktown(#INITCOND = '' );
CREATE
booktown=# SELECT sum(title || ' ') FROM books WHERE title ~ '^L';
...snip...
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Re: [SQL] Passing arrays
Would it not be more reasonable to have array_dims return an int or int[]?
Has anyone ever seen an array that does not start at 1?
The other problem I find with array_dims returning text is when you have a
multi-dimentional array like this IIRC;
array_dims('{{asd,fgh,jkl},{zxc,vbn,mlk}}') = '[1:2][1:3]'
Which appears to mean that there the data is a 2 element array of a 3 element
array.
If the data was in an int array format like '{{1,2},{1,3}}' it would be dead
easy to get the dimentions of the array without messy text parsing. It would
be even better as '{2,3}' since a null element at the start of array is still
counted as an element so all arrays start from 1. A fairly simple function
could be made to factor all dimentions together to get a full sub_element
count, ie. 2x3 = 6 ... .
I think I will update my array_size function to handle this, but that means my
funtion has to deal with more messy text parsing to generate the int array for
multi dimentional arrays. I have up until now only been working with single
element arrays.
Here is an example of my array_size function for text arrays, I just tossed
this together from what I could remember, so it may not be exactly the same as
what I am using.
For V7.3 it should look somthing like this.
---%...snip...
CREATE FUNCTION array_size(text[]) RETURNS int AS '
DECLARE
array ALIAS FOR $1;
dim int;
BEGIN
SELECT INTO dim
replace(split_part(array_dims(array),'':'',2),'']'',)::int ;
-- that was the messy stuff
IF dim IS NULL
THEN
dim := 0 ;
END IF;
RETURN dim;
END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
---%...snip...
For V7.2 it looked something like this, but it is more messy.
---%...snip...
CREATE FUNCTION array_size(text[]) RETURNS int AS '
DECLARE
array ALIAS FOR $1;
dim int;
BEGIN
SELECT INTO dim
rtrim(ltrim(ltrim(array_dims($1),''[012345679''),'':''),'']'')::int ;
-- that was the messy stuff
IF dim IS NULL
THEN
dim := 0 ;
END IF;
RETURN dim;
END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
---%...snip...
I dropped these into a test DB, created test table and they do work so, here
are the results:
select *,array_size(destination) from size_test;
alias |destination| array_size
---+---+
alias1| {dest1} | 1
alias2| {dest2,dest1} | 2
alias3| {dest3,dest4} | 2
alias4| {dest3,dest4,dest5} | 3
alias5| {dest6,dest7} | 2
alias6| {dest3,dest7,dest4,dest5} | 4
alias7| | 0
I hope that this helps. You can over load the function by creating more of the
same function but using different array types for the input.
IE. array_size(int[]) instead of array_size(text[]).
Guy
Michael Weaver wrote:
There is a function array_dims(array) that returns the size of array.
It's not THAT useful as it returns a string like '[1:2]' -( 1 lower, 2
upper bound.)
With a little bit of string processing you could get the size of the array.
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Re: [SQL] CSV import
FYI In text files on a Mac. the EOL character is a CR only. What a messy thing this whole EOL cruft is. To convert between these text formats on linux is easy if you have dos2unix. The dos2unix on linux can perform many format conversions to and from unix,dos and mac formats. On BSD you need dos2unix to convert from dos to unix and unix2dos to convert from unix to dos. You probably need to get the GNU version of dos2unix or mac2unix to convert to or from mac formatted text. Guy Jean-Luc Lachance wrote: In DOS and Windows, text lines end with CRLF. In Unix, text lines end with LF only. hex decoct CR=CTRL-M or 0x0D or 13 or 015 LF=CTRL-J or 0x0A or 10 or 012 Chad Thompson wrote: Unix EOL is LF not CR. Is this the only difference between a dos and unix text file? Thanks Chad ---%...snip... ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 5: Have you checked our extensive FAQ? http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/docs/faq.html
Re: [SQL] CSV import
Hi
You will need two text utilities {dos2unix and sed} to do this in the simplest
way. They are fairly standard text utilities and are probably already on your
machine.
This is how I would do it :
sed s/\//g file_name.txt \
| dos2unix \
| pgsql -c COPY table_name FROM STDIN USING DELIMITERS ','; db
Where file_name.txt is the csv file you want to import and table_name is
the previously created table you want to insert the data into and db is the
database name.
How this works is sed {stream editor} removes all the double quote
characters '' then pipes the output through dos2unix which converts all the
CRLF {DOS EOL} sequences into CR {UNIX EOL} characters, then pipes the data to
pgsql with a command that does a bulk insert into the table of the database
you have selected.
Guy
Oliver Vecernik wrote:
Hi again!
After investigating a little bit further my CSV import couldn't work
because of following reasons:
1. CSV files are delimited with CR/LF
2. text fields are surrounded by double quotes
Is there a direct way to import such files into PostgreSQL?
I would like to have something like MySQL provides:
LOAD DATA [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL] INFILE 'file_name.txt'
[REPLACE | IGNORE]
INTO TABLE tbl_name
[FIELDS
[TERMINATED BY '\t']
[[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY '']
[ESCAPED BY '\\' ]
]
[LINES TERMINATED BY '\n']
[IGNORE number LINES]
[(col_name,...)]
Has anybody written such a function already?
Regards,
Oliver
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Re: [SQL] converting microsoft sql server 2000 sql-code for postgresql
Hi You should use date instead of datetime since the data is only a date and a date type uses less storage than a timestamp. For time only data use type time or timetz if you want the timezone as well. For data with a date and time use timestamp or timestamptz if you want to include the timezone as well. I hope this is helpful. There are other time based data types as well but you should read the documentation to determine when it is best to use them. One thing I really like about PostgreSQL is the variety of data types and functions for special operations on them. ## I believe the information below is correct. If you go through the documentation you can also find out how to CREATE your own data TYPE to allow more direct use of non-PostgreSQL data types. Here is an example that will allow input of any datetime data into PostgreSQL : CREATE TYPE datetime AS (datetime timestamptz); Then any time,date or date and time data can be input as type datetime. Without having to convert your tables to rename the datetime type. Guy Rajesh Kumar Mallah. wrote: Only 1 small change makes it acceptable to pgsql. change datetime to timestamp . regds mallah. On Tuesday 28 January 2003 03:38 pm, william windels wrote: Hello all, I a m a new member of the list and at the moment , I am studiing informatica: sql. At the workplace, we use microsoft sql server 2000. At home, I use postgresql 7.2.1 and now I would import the data of the database at the workplace into the postgresql environment at home. I have paste a little part of the sql-code to create a table in a database called tennisclub. To execute the code bellow with pgsql, I do the following steps: pgsql tennisclub \e file_with_sql_code.sql The contens of the file file_with_sql_code.sql is as follows: CREATE TABLE SPELERS (SPELERSNR SMALLINT NOT NULL, NAAM CHAR(15) NOT NULL, VOORLETTERS CHAR(3) NOT NULL, VOORVOEGSELS CHAR(7) , GEB_DATUM datetime , GESLACHT CHAR(1) NOT NULL, JAARTOE SMALLINT NOT NULL, STRAAT CHAR(15) NOT NULL, HUISNR CHAR(4) , POSTCODE CHAR(6) , PLAATS CHAR(10) NOT NULL, TELEFOON CHAR(10) , BONDSNR CHAR(4) , PRIMARY KEY (SPELERSNR) ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 6, 'Permentier', 'R', NULL, '1964-06-25', 'M', 1977, 'Hazensteinln', '80', '1234KK', 'Den Haag', '070-476537', '8467' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 44, 'Bakker', 'E', 'de', '1963-01-09', 'M', 1980, 'Lawaaistraat', '23', 'LJ', 'Rijswijk', '070-368753', '1124' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 83, 'Hofland', 'PK', NULL, '1956-11-11', 'M', 1982, 'Mariakade', '16a', '1812UP', 'Den Haag', '070-353548', '1608' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 2, 'Elfring', 'R', NULL, '1948-09-01', 'M', 1975, 'Steden', '43', '3575NH', 'Den Haag', '070-237893', '2411' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 27, 'Cools', 'DD', NULL, '1964-12-28', 'V', 1983, 'Liespad', '804', '8457DK', 'Zoetermeer', '079-234857', '2513' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 104, 'Moerman', 'D', NULL, '1970-05-10', 'V', 1984, 'Stoutlaan', '65', '9437AO', 'Zoetermeer', '079-987571', '7060' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 7, 'Wijers', 'GWS', NULL, '1963-05-11', 'M', 1981, 'Erasmusweg', '39', '9758VB', 'Den Haag', '070-347689', NULL ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 57, 'Bohemen', 'M', 'van', '1971-08-17', 'M', 1985, 'Erasmusweg', '16', '4377CB', 'Den Haag', '070-473458', '6409' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 39, 'Bischoff', 'D', NULL, '1956-10-29', 'M', 1980, 'Ericaplein', '78', '9629CD', 'Den Haag', '070-393435', NULL ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 112, 'Baalen', 'IP', 'van', '1963-10-01', 'V', 1984, 'Vosseweg', '8', '6392LK', 'Rotterdam', '010-548745', '1319' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 8, 'Niewenburg', 'B', NULL, '1962-07-08', 'V', 1980, 'Spoorlaan', '4', '6584WO', 'Rijswijk', '070-458458', '2983' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 100, 'Permentier', 'P', NULL, '1963-02-28', 'M', 1979, 'Hazensteinln', '80', '6494SG', 'Den Haag', '070-494593', '6524' ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 28, 'Cools', 'C', NULL, '1963-06-22', 'V', 1983, 'Oudegracht', '10', '1294QK', 'Leiden', '010-659599', NULL ); INSERT INTO SPELERS VALUES ( 95, 'Meuleman', 'P', NULL , '1963-05-14', 'M', 1972, 'Hoofdweg', '33a', '5746OP', 'Voorburg', '070-867564', NULL ); This code doesn't work. Can someone tell me how I can adjust the syntax of the code and in global: how can I convert sql-code , for microsoft sql server 2000, to sql-code for postgresql? Thanks in advance best regards William Windels ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 2: you can get off all lists at once with the unregister command (send unregister YourEmailAddressHere to [EMAIL PROTECTED]) ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 4: Don't 'kill -9' the postmaster
Re: [SQL] SQL to list databases?
Hi
To make it easier to do this in SQL you can create a view like this :
CREATE VIEW db_list AS
SELECT d.datname as Name,
u.usename as Owner,
pg_catalog.pg_encoding_to_char(d.encoding) as Encoding
FROM pg_catalog.pg_database d
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_user u ON d.datdba = u.usesysid
ORDER BY 1;
Note: the select statement comes from the post I am replying from.
Then all you have to do is :
select * from db_list;
For example this is my output :
foobar=# select * from db_list;
Name| Owner | Encoding
---+---+---
foobar| turk | SQL_ASCII
template0 | pgsql | SQL_ASCII
template1 | pgsql | SQL_ASCII
(3 rows)
Or :
foobar=# select Name,Owner from db_list where Owner != 'pgsql';
Name | Owner
+---
foobar | turk
(1 row)
Using psql -E {database} interactivly
Or
psql -E -c \{command} {database}
Example:
user@host:~$ psql -E -c \dt template1
* QUERY **
SELECT n.nspname as Schema,
c.relname as Name,
CASE c.relkind WHEN 'r' THEN 'table' WHEN 'v' THEN 'view' WHEN 'i' THEN
'index' WHEN 'S' THEN 'sequence' WHEN 's' THEN 'special' END as Type,
u.usename as Owner
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_user u ON u.usesysid = c.relowner
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE c.relkind IN ('r','')
AND n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
ORDER BY 1,2;
**
You can collect the SQL for other helpful commands and build views like above,
then you can query the view for more specific information.
I hope this is helpful.
Guy
PS: If you create these views in template1 before you create your other
databases, these views will be included in new databases automaticaly.
Larry Rosenman wrote:
--On Thursday, January 23, 2003 12:56:50 -0600 Ben Siders
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Is there a query that will return all the databases available, similar to
what psql -l does?
$ psql -E -l
* QUERY **
SELECT d.datname as Name,
u.usename as Owner,
pg_catalog.pg_encoding_to_char(d.encoding) as Encoding
FROM pg_catalog.pg_database d
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_user u ON d.datdba = u.usesysid
ORDER BY 1;
**
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Re: [SQL] Scheduling Events?
Hi I would agree that cron is probably the best solution. You could have cron perform a query that has a trigger and performs all the tasks you need done. As well you could create a trigger on other queries that would perform the other things as well, but make sure it isn't a heavily used query but instead a query that is run hourly or daily. As a backup for cron you could manualy or using anacron or somthing similar run the query cron should run on a regular basis, but you should make sure your trigger keeps an entry in your database letting the other queries know when the update is started and when it has finished. Using this check ensures you don't get overlapping updates, and can also give you a clue to how much time the updates are taking and possibly alert you to a hung update. Guy ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 1: subscribe and unsubscribe commands go to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: [SQL] Getting multiple rows in plpgsql function
NOTE: This is a feature in 7.3 it was either added or fixed, so you will not be able to do this unless you are using version 7.3. Remember to backup with pg_dumpall before you upgrade. This is a sample sent to me earlier this week, that iterates an integer array: Cut Here CREATE TYPE group_view AS (grosysid int4, groname name, usesysid int4, usename name); CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION expand_groups() RETURNS SETOF group_view AS ' DECLARE rec record; groview record; low int; high int; BEGIN FOR rec IN SELECT grosysid FROM pg_group LOOP SELECT INTO low replace(split_part(array_dims(grolist),'':'',1),''['',)::int FROM pg_group WHERE grosysid = rec.grosysid; IF low IS NULL THEN low := 1; high := 1; ELSE SELECT INTO high replace(split_part(array_dims(grolist),'':'',2),'']'',)::int FROM pg_group WHERE grosysid = rec.grosysid; IF high IS NULL THEN high := 1; END IF; END IF; FOR i IN low..high LOOP SELECT INTO groview g.grosysid, g.groname, s.usesysid, s.usename FROM pg_shadow s join pg_group g on s.usesysid = g.grolist[i] WHERE grosysid = rec.grosysid; RETURN NEXT groview; END LOOP; END LOOP; RETURN; END; ' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' WITH ( iscachable, isstrict ); CREATE VIEW groupview AS SELECT * FROM expand_groups(); Cut Here One of the tricks is that you apparently need to use the CREATE TYPE commands to define the returned result. The veiw at the end just makes queries look like a table is being queried rather than a function. I hope this helps. Roberto Mello wrote: On Fri, Jan 24, 2003 at 11:39:07AM -0800, David Durst wrote: I am wondering how you would handle a select that returns multiple rows in a plpgsql function? In other words lets say I wanted to iterate through the results in the function. There are examples in the PL/pgSQL documentation that show you how to do it. -Roberto ---(end of broadcast)--- TIP 2: you can get off all lists at once with the unregister command (send unregister YourEmailAddressHere to [EMAIL PROTECTED])
[SQL] Could someone help me fix my array_list function?
Hi
I am trying to write a function to step through an array and output each value
as a set {list}, I think.
This is what I want to do:
select attribute,array_list(values,1,sizeof(values)) as value from av_list;
Turn :
attr6 | {val3,val7,val4,val5}
Into :
attr6 | val3
attr6 | val7
attr6 | val4
attr6 | val5
Below I have included my functions, a test query, a table definition
and some sample data.
If anyone already has a function to do this I would be elated.
Note: text array_dims(array[]); function existed on the machine I started this
on, but does not exist on my machine at home. It outputs a text value like
'[1:1]' when there is only one item in the array and '[1:6]' when there is six
items. My functions expect that function to exist.
Any help would be apreciated.
Guy
The entire selection below can be pasted to a shell, it will create a test
database testdb add plpgsql to the database then create the functions, and a
populated table before running a test query.
---%...Cut Here...
createdb testdb
createlang plpgsql testdb
echo
--###Start of Functions###
-- Array dimension functions.
--
-- Throw away old version of function
DROP FUNCTION array_diml(text[]);
--
-- Return the start 'left' dimension for the text array.
CREATE FUNCTION array_diml(text[])
RETURNS int2
AS
'select int2(ltrim(rtrim(rtrim(array_dims($1),\']012345679\'),\':\'),\'[\'))
AS RESULT;'
LANGUAGE sql
WITH (iscachable,isstrict)
;
--
-- Throw away old version of function
DROP FUNCTION array_dimr(text[]);
--
-- Return the end 'right' dimension for the text array.
CREATE FUNCTION array_dimr(text[])
RETURNS int2
AS 'select
int2(rtrim(ltrim(ltrim(array_dims($1),\'[012345679\'),\':\'),\']\')) AS RESULT;'
LANGUAGE sql
WITH (iscachable,isstrict)
;
--
-- Throw away old version of function
DROP FUNCTION array_list(text[],smallint);
--
-- Iterate array and post results
CREATE FUNCTION array_list(text[],smallint)
RETURNS SETOF text AS '
DECLARE
inarray ALIAS FOR $1;
dim ALIAS FOR $2;
BEGIN
FOR counter IN 1..dim LOOP
RAISE NOTICE ''Getting element % of %'',counter,inarray;
RETURN inarray[counter];
END LOOP;
END;
'
LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
--###End of Functions###
--###Start of test query###
--
-- Get a list with each destination for each mailbox
SELECT a_mailbox,
array_list(a_destination,
array_dimr(a_destination))
FROM mail_aliases;
--###End of test query###
--###Start of table and sample data###
DROP TABLE mail_aliases;
CREATE TABLE mail_aliases(
a_mailbox text,
a_destination text[]
);
COPY mail_aliases FROM stdin USING DELIMITERS ':';
alias1:{dest1}
alias2:{dest2,dest1}
alias3:{dest3,dest4}
alias4:{dest3,dest4,dest5}
alias5:{dest6,dest7}
alias6:{dest3,dest7,dest4,dest5}
\.
--###End of table and sample data###
--###Start of test query###
--
-- Get a list with each destination for each mailbox
SELECT a_mailbox,
array_list(a_destination,
array_dimr(a_destination))
FROM mail_aliases;
--###End of test query###
| psql testdb
---%...Cut Here...
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