Re: Little Q: how to print a variable's name, not its value?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: But surely if you create an integer object and assign it a value, e.g. a = 3, why shouldn't Python be able to tell you something like the following: name(a) 'a' ? But why should it return 'a' and not one of these? tokenize.tok_name[3] token.tok_name[3] sre_parse.OPCODES['any_all'] sre_parse.CHCODES['category_not_space'] sre_parse.ATCODES['at_boundary'] sre_constants.OPCODES['any_all'] sre_constants.CHCODES['category_not_space'] sre_constants.ATCODES['at_boundary'] sre_compile.OPCODES['any_all'] sre_compile.CHCODES['category_not_space'] sre_compile.ATCODES['at_boundary'] opcode.opmap['ROT_THREE'] encodings.cp437.encoding_map[3] encodings.cp437.decoding_map[3] encodings.cp1252.encoding_map[3] encodings.cp1252.decoding_map[3] dis.opmap['ROT_THREE'] tokenize.STRING token.STRING stat.ST_NLINK os.P_NOWAITO nt.P_NOWAITO locale.LC_MONETARY imp.C_EXTENSION _locale.LC_MONETARY The important thing is that not only do these variables all have the value 3, they all have the *same* value 3. That monstrous code I posted behaves a little differently if you give it a number such as 101: x = 101 for s in varname.object_info(101): ... print s ... anonymous [EMAIL PROTECTED][0] The variable 'x' is ignored because it contains a different 101, the only thing in the system using the specific 101 that was passed to object_info is the tuple used to contain the constants for the executing code. Asking for object_info(x) will indeed return only one string '__main__.x'. The key here is to understand the difference between languages like C where a variable is a container used to store a value and Python where variables are simply the binding of names to objects. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Little Q: how to print a variable's name, not its value?
On 30 Mar 2005 21:56:06 -0800, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: my god, I've created a monster! Maybe I should restate my original problem. Actually, the word 'problem' is too strong. I had a little curiosity about whether I could write a couple of lines of code more succinctly, or more pythonically. I didn't realize that this would trigger a discussion about mixing data and objects - though I can see the danger if you get into some situations. Hopefully mine is not one of those. Restating: I'm doing some debugging of some code. I want to print out the value of two variables whose names are known. Let's call them myTime and myPlace. #debug: if self.debug: print myTime = %s, myPlace = %s % (myTime, myPlace) Notice that I had to type the variable's name once as an object, and once as the string representation of that object, i.e. the object's name. I wondered whether it might not be possible to do something like this: if self.debug: print %s = %s % ( name(myTime), myTime ) where 'name' is the method or trick I'm after. Why isn't name(myTime) just 'myTime' ? Which of the possible aliases would you like, if that's what you're looking for? Anyway, if you just want a way of generating the string 'x = the value of x' without typing 'x' twice, you can use a custom mapping class and a __getitem__ method to do the work. E.g., class ShowEq(dict): ... def __getitem__(self, name): ... return '%s = %r'%(name, self.get(name, 'UNDEF!!')) ... Some variables a,b = 'eigh', 'bee' print them, using an instance of the mapping initialized with vars() which is the local namespace print '%(a)s, %(b)s, %(ShowEq)s' % ShowEq(vars()) a = 'eigh', b = 'bee', ShowEq = class '__main__.ShowEq' Which does something like print %(myTime)s = %s % ( name(myTime), myTime ) I've forgotten who first did this, but I think it was before you could subclass dict ;-) Creating a dictionary is already more work than it's worth, not to mention some of the more involved solutions. I'm left to conclude that it's not possible to do what I wanted with Python. If that's the case, so be it and I'll move on to explore other curiosities. Sometimes it's hard to get across exactly what it is you want, so don't give up until you're sure you're being understood ;-) But surely if you create an integer object and assign it a value, e.g. The way you use those words makes me wonder: assign _it_?? Which 'it'? The integer object in this is created from the right hand side of the '='. Assignment is attaching a name tag (with the name from the left on it) to the object with sufficient sewing thread to reach a bulletin board where you tack up the tag. A bare name is tacked on the local bulletin board (name space). The integer object is nameless in itself. And the name is not the object. The name just leads to the object -- until the lead is cut and tied to something else (rebound), or the tag is taken off the bulletin board (deleted), at which time the object may have other names from the same or other bulletin boards (or container binding sites) attached to it. If there's nothing connected, the object goes in the garbage. a = 3, why shouldn't Python be able to tell you something like the following: name(a) 'a' Because there is in general no unique 'a' associated with the object that has already been looked up and is being passed by reference to name(). What should you get for name(7)? There might be no name. To get an idea, try to write a C routine to do it, being passed a pointer to a memory location allocated with malloc. What name should it return? How should it find a name? If you are willing to prefix your names with the name of a special namespace whenever you refer to them, so it would be name(ns.a) 'a', that could be be done. You can do about anything through descriptor magic and overriding __get/setattr/ibute__ and spell things in a way that totally abuses the design intents of Python ;-) Regards, Bengt Richter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Little Q: how to print a variable's name, not its value?
On 31 Mar 2005 08:13:30 GMT, Duncan Booth [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: But surely if you create an integer object and assign it a value, e.g. a = 3, why shouldn't Python be able to tell you something like the following: name(a) 'a' ? But why should it return 'a' and not one of these? Because the python interpreter certainly knows the name of all the variables used in a python program. So, a name() function as discussed here should return the name of the exact variable passed in as input, not any variable which refers to the value 3 (which is of course constant). We're imagining a new function, not discussing yours. . The key here is to understand the difference between languages like C where a variable is a container used to store a value and Python where variables are simply the binding of names to objects. I don't see any technical barrier to implementing a name() function, except that either the current CPython doesn't allow this particular reflection from python, or it's difficult to do. Just because a variable is simply a name binding doesn't mean Python couldn't return the name of the binding. I'm not definitely saying that I *want* an easy name() function - there's a lot of potential for abuse - but I would at least like to see it accomplished before I decide whether I like it or not. Peace Bill Mill bill.mill at gmail.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Little Q: how to print a variable's name, not its value?
Stewart Midwinter [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: [snip] Taking this idea a little further, I'd like to build a 'variable inspector' for my GUI app, so that I don't have to resort to debug statements. Instead, I could pop open a window that lists every variable that has an expected None, string, int or float value, and select any one in order to see its value at that time. I believe your method would be useful in that situation as well, no? For that, I would suggest taking a look at Komodo (http://www.activestate.com/Products/Komodo/) and its remote debugging functionality, instead of building your own tool. There may be other IDEs that provide equivalent functionality, but I am not familiar with them. Regards, -- Aaron Bingham Software Engineer Cenix BioScience GmbH -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: UnicodeEncodeError in string conversion
Maurice LING wrote: Hi, I'm working on a script that searches a public database and retrives results using SOAP interface. However, it seems that the results may contains unicodes. When I try to pump the results into Firebird database using kinterbasdb module, some results will give me a UnicodeEncodeError. From what I've gathered, it looks like the conversion from the results from SOAP interface to string results in the error. Is there any way to get thru this? Have you read this FAQ entry: http://kinterbasdb.sourceforge.net/dist_docs/usage.html#faq_fep_unicode ?? Serge. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Formated String in optparse
Norbert Thek wrote: Is there an easy way to convince optparse to accept newline in the helpstring? and more importand also in the 'desc' string. I tried everything (from the os.linesep) to \n, \r, \r\n, ... The official way (write your own Formatter class) is a bit tedious indeed. Here's a hack that seems to work: import textwrap import optparse class TextWrapper: @staticmethod def wrap(text, width=70, **kw): result = [] for line in text.split(\n): result.extend(textwrap.wrap(line, width, **kw)) return result @staticmethod def fill(text, width=70, **kw): result = [] for line in text.split(\n): result.append(textwrap.fill(line, width, **kw)) return \n.join(result) optparse.textwrap = TextWrapper() parser = optparse.OptionParser(description=\ einsamer nie als im august erfuellungsstunde im gelaende die roten und die goldenen braende doch wo ist deiner gaerten lust ) parser.add_option(-x, --example, help=\ die seen hell die himmel weich die aecker rein und glaenzen leise doch wo sind sieg und siegsbeweise \ aus dem von dir vertretenen reich \ wo alles sich durch glueck) parser.print_help() You should probably replace the \n literals with os.linesep. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: LD_LIBRARY_PATH - how to set?
On 31 Mar 2005 00:51:21 -0800, Serge Orlov [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Roman Yakovenko wrote: Hi. I have small problem. I need to load extension module that depends on shared library. Before actually importing module I tried to edit os.environ or to call directly to os.putenv without any success - shared library was not found. I tried to search the Internet for the answer. The only approach I saw was to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH before invoking python script. I don't like this solution. Looks like it's glibc linker inflexibility: http://hathawaymix.org/Weblog/2004-12-30 There is no provision for modifying the library search path once your program has started. Thanks, well small script around my program will make the trick. I think I have no other choise. Python does update enviromental variables if you change os.environ or call os.putenv, but the linker ignores the changes. Serge. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PIL
On Wed, 30 Mar 2005 08:33:44 -0800 (PST) suresh mathi wrote: SM All 3 images that i try to paste are having a SM transparent background. SM When i try to open the image and paste the background SM becomes black. I masked the black areas but still the SM shape is not that clear. I had similar problems and solved them using some tricks with image.info['transparency'] and image.palette. Unfortunately I can't find this example, so if you succeed please post solution here. -- Denis S. Otkidach http://www.python.ru/ [ru] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Secure scripts variables
Florian Lindner [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
AFAIK scripts can't be setuid? Can you tell me what you mean and how to do
it?
Actually it looks like Linux doesn't support setuid scripts. I
thought the feature had been restored. There is a well-known security
hole but there are workarounds for it and some of the BSD-derived
Unixes implement those. And there is a special hack for Perl that
uses an accessory setuid C program to run setuid Perl scripts--maybe
something like it could be written for Python.
Anyway, the simple workaround is to write a simple C wrapper that
invokes the Python interpreter on your script. Make sure to use a
complete path to specify where your script is. From the perlsec
documentation:
#define REAL_PATH /path/to/script
main(ac, av)
char **av;
{
execv(REAL_PATH, av);
}
Compile this wrapper into a binary executable and then make it rather
than your script setuid or setgid.
http://supportweb.cs.bham.ac.uk/documentation/perl5/pod/perlsec.html
You have to be very careful writing these scripts since there are all
kinds of errors you can make. Perl's taint checking feature helps
catch a lot of those and it would be good if Python had something
similar.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Formated String in optparse
If you haven't looked into it, you may like the way class OptionParser() makes the help text for you. - Haz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Formated String in optparse
MyHaz wrote: If you haven't looked into it, you may like the way class OptionParser() makes the help text for you. What do you mean? To clarify: OptionParser's help message in the default format is usage: discard_newline.py [options] einsamer nie als im august erfuellungsstunde im gelaende die roten und die goldenen braende doch wo ist deiner gaerten lust options: -h, --helpshow this help message and exit -x EXAMPLE, --example=EXAMPLE die seen hell die himmel weich die aecker rein und glaenzen leise doch wo sind sieg und siegsbeweise aus dem von dir vertretenen reich wo alles sich durch glueck whereas that same OptionParser with the tweaked optparse.textwrap (my TextWrapper instance replacing the textwrap module from the standard library) will output usage: preserve_newline.py [options] einsamer nie als im august erfuellungsstunde im gelaende die roten und die goldenen braende doch wo ist deiner gaerten lust options: -h, --helpshow this help message and exit -x EXAMPLE, --example=EXAMPLE die seen hell die himmel weich die aecker rein und glaenzen leise doch wo sind sieg und siegsbeweise aus dem von dir vertretenen reich wo alles sich durch glueck I guess that both poets in residence and limmerickistas will prefer the latter form :-) Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Tkinter] LONG POST ALERT: Setting application icon on Linux
Jeff Epler wrote: I have written a rather hackish extension to use NET_WM_ICON to set full-color icons in Tkinter apps. You can read about it here: http://craie.unpy.net/aether/index.cgi/software/01112237744 you'll probably need to take a look at the EWMH spec, too. If KDE supports NET_WM_ICON, this may work for you (but you'll have to convert your image manually to the format required for NET_WM_ICON) Best of luck! Unfortunately, the code is not supported. Jeff Thanks very much for the link! I'll take a look. Tim J -- Website: www DOT jarmania FULLSTOP com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
property and virtuality
My problem is about properties and the virtuality of the methods. I would like to create a property whose get and set methods are virtual. I had the same problems in Delphi before and the solution was the same. I created a private _get method and a public get method. The former one will call the latter. The same stands for _set and set. Here is an example below: class C1(object): def namechanged(self): Called after the name of the component has been changed. pass def getname(self): Returns the name of the component. You can override this method to provide generated component names. return self._name def setname(self,name): Set the name of the component. You can override this method to programatically control component name changes. self._name = name self.namechanged() def _getname(self): Internal method, do not use return self.getname() def _setname(self,name): Internal method, do not use self.setname(name) name = property(_getname,_setname,Name) class C2(C1): def getname(self): return lala class C3(C1): def _getname(self): return lala name = property(_getname,None,Name) c1 = C1() c2 = C2() c3 = C3() c1.name = 'Test1' c2.name = 'Test2' c3.name = 'Test3' print c1.name # This will print 'Test1' print c2.name # This will print 'lala' print c3.name # This will print 'lala' print C3.name is C1.name # False I cannot override C2._getname instead, because c2.name would print 'Test2 instead of lala. Clearly, the property stores a reference to the get and set methods and it is not possible to have it use the new methods. Creating a new property is the worst - need to duplicate code and also C3.name is C1.name returns False. :-) It is not a big problem because I found the solution just I wonder if there is a better way to virtualize property get/set functions. -- _ Laszlo Nagy web: http://designasign.biz IT Consultantmail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Python forever! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
no module named fcntl
Hello All, I new user to python. I am using a product called FSH, some of its parts are implemented in Python. This is like a ssh to run a command on remote machine. First time while runningthe fsh there was on. # fshd Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/in.fshd", line 6, in ? import infshd File "/home/pra/fsh/1.2/Fileset/share/fsh/infshd.py", line 19, in ? import fcntl ImportError: No module named fcntl I solved this problem. This error is because, fcntl.sl is unable load and the user has no permission to execute the library. After changing the permission for the shared library, it works. But again the problem arises after some time, with out no change. This time # fshd -l user localhost [EMAIL PROTECTED] password: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/in.fshd", line 6, in ? import infshd File "/home/pra/fsh/1.2/Fileset/share/fsh/infshd.py", line 19, in ? import fcntl ImportError: No module named fcntl Pls. suggest me any solution. Pls. forgive me if it is already discussed. Thanks ReagrdsPrakash.A -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How To Do It Faster?!?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello NG, in my application, I use os.walk() to walk on a BIG directory. I need to retrieve the files, in each sub-directory, that are owned by a particular user. Noting that I am on Windows (2000 or XP), this is what I do: for root, dirs, files in os.walk(MyBIGDirectory): a = os.popen(dir /q /-c /a-d + root).read().split() Does anyone know if there is a faster way to do this job? You can use the stat module to get attributes like last modification date, uid, gid etc. The documentation of the stat module has a nice example. Probably it will be faster because you are running an external program (well, dir may be resident but still the OS needs to create a new shell and interpret the parameters on every invocation). If the speed is the same, you may still want to use the stat module because: - it is platform independent - it is independent of any external program (for example, the DIR command can change in the future) Best, Laci -- _ Laszlo Nagy web: http://designasign.biz IT Consultantmail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Python forever! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: property and virtuality
I cannot override C2._getname instead, because c2.name would print 'Test2 instead of lala. Clearly, the property stores a reference to the get and set methods and it is not possible to have it use the new methods. Creating a new property is the worst - need to duplicate code and also C3.name is C1.name returns False. :-) It is not a big problem because I found the solution just I wonder if there is a better way to virtualize property get/set functions. I'm not aware of possibility that works as you first expected. You yourself explained why. But _maybe_ you can use lambda here - that creates the layer of indirection one needs. foo = property(lambda self: self.get_foo(), lamda self,v: self.set_foo(v)) On second thoughts, a metaclass _might_ help here - but it would be rather elaborate: look in the baseclasses for properties that have getters and setters of the same name as some methods in the current class, and replace them, or create a new property with them (I'm not sure if descriptors allow changing their get/set/del methods). I'm not 100% sure if and how good that works (a quick hack would be easy, but to ship around the cliffs of multiple inheritance requires more careful navigation I fear...) -- Regards, Diez B. Roggisch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: LD_LIBRARY_PATH - how to set?
Roman Yakovenko wrote:
Thanks for help. But it is not exactly solution I am looking for. I
would like to do it from python script. For example
update_env() #- this function will change LD_LIBRARY_PATH
import extension_that_depends_on_shared_library
Roman
On Mar 31, 2005 9:35 AM, John Abel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
With Solaris 8+ you would use the command crle, with Linux
(RedHat/SuSE/Mandrake) you need to add the relevant directories
/etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig. I've not got a Debian box to hand, so
I can't say if it matches, but that should give you a pointer.
I think I should have permissions to do it. (more over users of my
scripts should have permissions )
Yep. Unfortunatly if you don't have access to the /etc/ld.so.conf file,
the only option left is your wrapper script idea. (By the way, have you
actually tested to see if setting the LD_LIBRARY_PATH actually works? If
not, you're really up the creek.)
If the script is in shell, you could use something like:
(Dotted lines denote start and end of script, not actual script content)
---
#!/bin/sh
if ! echo ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} | /bin/fgrep -q /path/to/your/library then
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$oldpath:/path/to/your/library
fi
wrapped program $*
---
This will check to see if your library path is in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
set it if it's not, and then run your wrapped program, passing it the
arguments that the wrapper script was called by.
Joal
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: LD_LIBRARY_PATH - how to set?
Joal Heagney wrote:
Roman Yakovenko wrote:
Thanks for help. But it is not exactly solution I am looking for. I
would like to do it from python script. For example
update_env() #- this function will change LD_LIBRARY_PATH
import extension_that_depends_on_shared_library
Roman
On Mar 31, 2005 9:35 AM, John Abel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
With Solaris 8+ you would use the command crle, with Linux
(RedHat/SuSE/Mandrake) you need to add the relevant directories
/etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig. I've not got a Debian box to hand, so
I can't say if it matches, but that should give you a pointer.
I think I should have permissions to do it. (more over users of my
scripts should have permissions )
Yep. Unfortunatly if you don't have access to the /etc/ld.so.conf file,
the only option left is your wrapper script idea. (By the way, have you
actually tested to see if setting the LD_LIBRARY_PATH actually works? If
not, you're really up the creek.)
If the script is in shell, you could use something like:
(Dotted lines denote start and end of script, not actual script content)
---
#!/bin/sh
if ! echo ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} | /bin/fgrep -q /path/to/your/library then
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$oldpath:/path/to/your/library
fi
wrapped program $*
---
This will check to see if your library path is in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
set it if it's not, and then run your wrapped program, passing it the
arguments that the wrapper script was called by.
Joal
Aaaaggg. Too long since I've programmed in script. Plus it
doesn't help changing your mind about implementation halfway through.
The script should read something like this:
---
#!/bin/sh
if ! echo ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} | /bin/fgrep -q /path/to/your/library
then
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/path/to/your/library
fi
wrapped program $*
---
Sorry about that.
pretending-like-a-cat-that-he-didn't-just-do-something-stupid'ly yours,
Joal
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: math - need divisors algorithm
Ed Suominen wrote: Philp Smith wrote: Hi Does anyone have suggested code for a compact, efficient, elegant, most of all pythonic routine to produce a list of all the proper divisors of an integer (given a list of prime factors/powers) Is this compact enough? :-) def properDivisors(N): return [x for x in range(1,N-2) if not divmod(N,x)[1]] --- Ed Suominen Registered Patent Agent Open-Source Software Author (yes, both...) Web Site: http://www.eepatents.com I tried this out, (Python 2.3) and ran into the situation where neither xrange or range won't accept anything other than an int. (To quote the bards, 53487861112345 is RIGHT out.) I was wondering how others would deal with this situation? Joal -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Error
The original message was received at Thu, 31 Mar 2005 14:40:33 +0200 from python.org [34.34.108.175] - The following addresses had permanent fatal errors - python-list@python.org - Transcript of the session follows - ... while talking to 136.158.179.151: DATA 400-aturner; -RMS-E-CRE, ACP file create failed 400-aturner; -SYSTEM-F-EXDISKQUOTA, disk quota exceeded 400 Virus Warning Message The virus W32/[EMAIL PROTECTED] was detected in the attachment message.pif. The attached File message.pif has been removed. For questions please contact the Helpdesk. Er is een virus W32/[EMAIL PROTECTED] gevonden in de attachement/bijlage message.pif. De message.pif is verwijderd. Voor meer informatie raadpleeg de speciale FAQ onder Customer Services - Helpdesk op www.upc.nl. Un virus W32/[EMAIL PROTECTED] a été détecté dans le fichier inclus message.pif. Le fichier message.pif est enlevé. Pour toutes questions cliquez sur le lien ci-dessous. Er is een virus W32/[EMAIL PROTECTED] gevonden in de bijlage message.pif. De bijlage message.pif is verwijderd. Voor vragen kunt u klikken op de link hieronder. Et virus W32/[EMAIL PROTECTED] har blitt oppdaget i et vedlegg. Vedlegget message.pif har blitt fjernet. Har du spørsmål ber vi deg klikke på linken under. Ett virus W32/[EMAIL PROTECTED] hittades i den bifogade filen message.pif. Filen message.pif har förstörts. För mer information klicka på nedanstående länk. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: LD_LIBRARY_PATH - how to set?
Op 2005-03-31, Joal Heagney schreef [EMAIL PROTECTED]:
Joal Heagney wrote:
Roman Yakovenko wrote:
Thanks for help. But it is not exactly solution I am looking for. I
would like to do it from python script. For example
update_env() #- this function will change LD_LIBRARY_PATH
import extension_that_depends_on_shared_library
Roman
On Mar 31, 2005 9:35 AM, John Abel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
With Solaris 8+ you would use the command crle, with Linux
(RedHat/SuSE/Mandrake) you need to add the relevant directories
/etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig. I've not got a Debian box to hand, so
I can't say if it matches, but that should give you a pointer.
I think I should have permissions to do it. (more over users of my
scripts should have permissions )
Yep. Unfortunatly if you don't have access to the /etc/ld.so.conf file,
the only option left is your wrapper script idea. (By the way, have you
actually tested to see if setting the LD_LIBRARY_PATH actually works? If
not, you're really up the creek.)
If the script is in shell, you could use something like:
(Dotted lines denote start and end of script, not actual script content)
---
#!/bin/sh
if ! echo ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} | /bin/fgrep -q /path/to/your/library then
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$oldpath:/path/to/your/library
fi
wrapped program $*
---
This will check to see if your library path is in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
set it if it's not, and then run your wrapped program, passing it the
arguments that the wrapper script was called by.
Joal
Aaaaggg. Too long since I've programmed in script. Plus it
doesn't help changing your mind about implementation halfway through.
The script should read something like this:
---
#!/bin/sh
if ! echo ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} | /bin/fgrep -q /path/to/your/library
then
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/path/to/your/library
fi
wrapped program $*
---
And you should change that last line to:
wrapped program $@
--
Antoon Pardon
--
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How To Do It Faster?!?
Hello NG, in my application, I use os.walk() to walk on a BIG directory. I need to retrieve the files, in each sub-directory, that are owned by a particular user. Noting that I am on Windows (2000 or XP), this is what I do: for root, dirs, files in os.walk(MyBIGDirectory): a = os.popen(dir /q /-c /a-d + root).read().split() # Retrieve all files owners user = a[18::20] # Retrieve all the last modification dates hours date = a[15::20] hours = a[16::20] # Retrieve all the filenames name = a[19::20] # Retrieve all the files sizes size = a[17::20] # Loop throu all files owners to see if they belong # to that particular owner (a string) for util in user: if util.find(owner) = 0: DO SOME PROCESSING Does anyone know if there is a faster way to do this job? Thanks to you all. Andrea. -- Message for the recipient only, if received in error, please notify the sender and read http://www.eni.it/disclaimer/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: property and virtuality
I'm not aware of possibility that works as you first expected. You yourself explained why. But _maybe_ you can use lambda here - that creates the layer of indirection one needs. foo = property(lambda self: self.get_foo(), lamda self,v: self.set_foo(v)) Great. I'll think about this and decide which is better - lamba or private functions. Lambda seems much shorter but it is not as clear why it is there. :-) On second thoughts, a metaclass _might_ help here - but it would be rather elaborate: look in the baseclasses for properties that have getters and setters of the same name as some methods in the current class, and replace them, or create a new property with them (I'm not sure if descriptors allow changing their get/set/del methods). I'm not 100% sure if and how good that works (a quick hack would be easy, but to ship around the cliffs of multiple inheritance requires more careful navigation I fear...) Yes, I feel the same. Using a metaclass could be a small help but rather elaborate and probably much slower. Thank you for your help. -- _ Laszlo Nagy web: http://designasign.biz IT Consultantmail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Python forever! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Rif: Re: How To Do It Faster?!?
Hello Lazslo NG,
You can use the stat module to get attributes like last modification
date, uid, gid etc. The documentation of the stat module has a nice
example. Probably it will be faster because you are running an external
program (well, dir may be resident but still the OS needs to create a
new shell and interpret the parameters on every invocation).
Unfortunately, on Windows it does not seem to work very well:
st = os.stat('MyFile.txt')
print st.st_uid
0
I don't think my user ID is 0...
While with the OS dos command I get:
userid: \\ENI\ag12905
Am I missing something on the stat module? I'm running Python 2.3.4.
Thanks a lot.
Andrea.
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hex string into binary format?
Hi, How do I get a hexvalued string to a format recognized for binary calculation? import binascii s1 = '1C46BE3D9F6AA820' s2 = '8667B5236D89CD46' i1 = binascii.unhexlify(s1) i2 = binascii.unhexlify(s2) x = i1 ^i2 TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ^: 'str' and 'str' Many TIA T -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Generating RTF with Python
Hi, does anyone know of a high-level solution to produce RTF from Python (something similar to Reportlab for producing PDF)? Thanks, Andreas pgptlX6o8zD33.pgp Description: PGP signature -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Generating RTF with Python
I'll use http://www.tug.org/ or a smaller solution http://lout.sourceforge.net/ together with one of many Python template solutions to generate to generate reports. HTH T -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Andreas Jung Sent: Thursday, March 31, 2005 4:02 PM To: python-list@python.org Subject: Generating RTF with Python Hi, does anyone know of a high-level solution to produce RTF from Python (something similar to Reportlab for producing PDF)? Thanks, Andreas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How To Do It Faster?!?
I don't quite understand what your program is doing. The user=a[18::20] looks really fragile/specific to a directory to me. Try something like this: a=os.popen(dir /s /q /-c /a-d + root).read().splitlines() Should give you the dir output split into lines, for every file below root(notice that I added '/s' to the dir command). There will be some extra lines in a that aren't about specific files... a[0] ' Volume in drive C has no label.' but the files should be there. len(a) 232 To get a list containing files owned by a specific user, do something like: files=[line.split()[-1] for line in a if owner in line] len(files) 118 This is throwing away directory information, but using os.walk() instead of the /s switch to dir should work, if you need it... max -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Making a DLL with python?
I think you can, as long as you have a C-Compiler available. I used pyrex to embedd python into a Linux PAM-Module and i used C-Types to embbed Python into a Windows DLL. With hindsight, the pyrex solution was much fatser to develop and less complicated. Pyrex provides an example. Ctypes: http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes/ Pyrex: http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~greg/python/Pyrex/ Feel free to ask, if you need a more complex example, than the one, that comes with pyrex. HTH, Gerald Larry Bates schrieb: I don't think you can make a .DLL (but someone else might). Why can't you use a COM server? MS seems to have written some pretty sophisticated software using COM objects. Almost all languages can dispatch a COM object easily. -Larry [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Can I use python to make a regular Windows DLL that will be called from other programs? I know I can use the win32 extensions to make a COM server, but I need a straight DLL. Regards, Phillip Phillip Piper A man's life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions -- GPG-Key: http://keyserver.veridis.com:11371/search?q=0xA140D634 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'setdefaulttimeout'
I get those errors when I run:
/usr/local/bin/SquidClamAV_Redirector.py -c
/etc/squid/SquidClamAV_Redirector.conf
##
Traceback (most recent call last):
File /usr/local/bin/SquidClamAV_Redirector.py, line 573, in ?
redirector = SquidClamAV_Redirector(config)
File /usr/local/bin/SquidClamAV_Redirector.py, line 145, in
__init__
self.__start_urlhandler__()
File /usr/local/bin/SquidClamAV_Redirector.py, line 454, in
__start_urlhandler__
urllib.socket.setdefaulttimeout(self.timeout)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'setdefaulttimeout'
#
the line that is the problem looks like this:
#
urllib.socket.setdefaulttimeout(self.timeout)
#
from the global sintax:
##
def __start_urlhandler__(self):
create the urlhandler object
# set timeout
urllib.socket.setdefaulttimeout(self.timeout)
self.urlhandler = urllib.URLopener()
if self.proxy != {}:
self.urlhandler.proxies = self.proxy
self.urlhandler.addheaders = [('User-agent',
ModuleName + ' ' + str(version))]
##
can you give me a hint with this matter?
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Re: Recording Video with Python
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is there a video module so that I can write a Linux Python script to record video coming over USB video cams? You can open the device and read the images - I've done that before. No module needed. But I don't remember how things worked - just download the source for a simple viewer like gcqam and look at what they are doing. What about these side-thoughts: * What about recording multiple streams over multiple USB ports? (Think in the context of a security system.) No deal, open several devices. * What about lossy compression? Won't be doable in python in reasonable time - but there might be modules available for that, or at least libs you can wrap. Make your name honor... * What about recording only time slices? Just wait the appropriate interval * How would you provide real-time video to a security guard, but then only write time-sliced, lossy compression to disk, saving disk space yet providing something very suitable for a security guard to watch live? Hrm - just _do_ it? But the problems are not on the python side - how is your guard going to retrieve the images, which bandwidth can he use and so on. Basically it boils down to - do the infrastructure and application functionality in python - delegate the compression to some c-backend Network and IO performance _shouldn't_ be too much of a concern using python, as it uses the underlying system's calls for that. But in the end, use a profiler :) -- Regards, Diez B. Roggisch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Making a DLL with python?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Can I use python to make a regular Windows DLL that will be called from other programs? I know I can use the win32 extensions to make a COM server, but I need a straight DLL. Maybe elmer is what you need - no own experiences though. http://www.python.org/moin/elmer -- Regards, Diez B. Roggisch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'setdefaulttimeout'
adrian wrote: urllib.socket.setdefaulttimeout(self.timeout) AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'setdefaulttimeout' socket.setdefaulttimeout() was added in Python 2.3. You need to upgrade. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
(no subject)
#! rnews 1066 Newsgroups: comp.lang.python Path: news.xs4all.nl!newsspool.news.xs4all.nl!transit.news.xs4all.nl!news-spur1.maxwell.syr.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!nntp.abs.net!attws2!ip.att.net!NetNews1!xyzzy!nntp From: Harry George [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: hex string into binary format? X-Nntp-Posting-Host: cola2.ca.boeing.com Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED] User-Agent: Gnus/5.09 (Gnus v5.9.0) Emacs/21.3 Lines: 28 Sender: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Organization: The Boeing Company References: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Mime-Version: 1.0 Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 14:58:03 GMT Xref: news.xs4all.nl comp.lang.python:370100 Tertius Cronje [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Hi, How do I get a hexvalued string to a format recognized for binary calculation? import binascii s1 = '1C46BE3D9F6AA820' s2 = '8667B5236D89CD46' i1 = binascii.unhexlify(s1) i2 = binascii.unhexlify(s2) x = i1 ^i2 TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ^: 'str' and 'str' Many TIA T i1=int(s1,16) i2=int(s2,16) -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] 6-6M21 BCA CompArch Design Engineering Phone: (425) 294-4718 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generating RTF with Python
Hello! does anyone know of a high-level solution to produce RTF from Python=20 (something similar to Reportlab for producing PDF)? Spend hours of googeling and searching, also in this NG, about two months ago. My conclusion is: On windwos, maybe you can include some hacks with dll's, under linux, linux support for generating rtf is none, and so is python's. My workaround was: http://www.research.att.com/sw/download/ This includes an html2rtf converter, which I access from python via popen and temporary files. Not high-level, not very sexy ... ;-( Lg, AXEL. -- Aber naja, ich bin eher der Forentyp. Wolfibolfi's outing in http://www.informatik-forum.at/showpost.php?p=206342postcount=10 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: hex string into binary format?
Tertius Cronje wrote: How do I get a hexvalued string to a format recognized for binary calculation? import binascii s1 = '1C46BE3D9F6AA820' s2 = '8667B5236D89CD46' i1 = binascii.unhexlify(s1) i2 = binascii.unhexlify(s2) Try this instead: i1 = long(s1, 16) i2 = long(s2, 16) x = i1 ^i2 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: tkinter destroy()
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Your app seems to give the right state values only if you select 'Freni a posto'. But I see you recognize that with your 'FIXME' note. also the app seems to have too many variables and widgets defined as self objects. That isn't necessary unless they will be used outside the method they were created in (which labels and buttons usually aren't), so all you are doing is using up more memory than necessary. very good advice. i'll try to follow it (i am a newbie, you see...) Reading the code with Italian names adds a little difficulty in understanding your code (non parlo italiano ma si parlo espagnol), i am trying to write an introductory article for an italian audience, you see... next time i'll try to translate the names (i was a bit in a hurry, sorry ;-) but I'm left feeling that your app is more complicated than it needs to be - unless I'm missing something. What you are doing is just showing how you can capture the state of the checkbuttons for use elsewhere, right? And also, that the state in the 2nd window should be live, so that it updates with the change in value in the 1st window? precisely. And just a matter of personal taste, but splitting up widget configuration over many lines for me impedes readiblity and makes the code look like java or c++ : surely not what we want? right... :-) I also think you could get away with no frames in your initial window, at least if you use grid() instead of pack(). as a matter of personal taste i prefer pack(), unless special reasons for doing differently. i like better to give general structure (hyerarchically) to the gui than hardcoding the appearance. Also your three state variables could be members of a list, so you don't have to have separate constructors for each of them. ok... Anyway here's a version of your app that makes use of a 'for' statement to draw the labels and checkbuttons, so it's only half as long as your original app. It also does the right thing - the key pont you were missing was to use a 'textvariable' argument in defining your label widgets in the 2nd window. cheers Stewart in Calgary i am going to study it thoroughly. thanks a lot. bye macs -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: redundant imports
max(01)* wrote: this leads me to another question. since *.pyc files are automatically created the first time an import statement in executed on a given module, i guess that if i ship a program with modules for use in a directory where the user has no write privileges then i must ship the *.pyc files along too. right? Not required except for performance reasons. If the .pyc files don't exist, the .py files are recompiled and the resulting bytecode is simply held in memory and not cached and the next startup will recompile all over again. Note also that the main file (the one invoke from the command line) is never cached in a .pyc... -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyParsing module or HTMLParser
Yes, drop me a note if you get stuck.
-- Paul
base64.decodestring('cHRtY2dAYXVzdGluLnJyLmNvbQ==')
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ANN: PyDev 0.9.2 released
Hi All, PyDev - Python IDE (Python development enviroment for Eclipse) version 0.9.2 has just been released. Check the homepage (http://pydev.sourceforge.net/) for more details. Regards, Fabio Zadrozny -- Software Developer ESSS - Engineering Simulation and Scientific Software www.esss.com.br PyDev - Python Development Enviroment for Eclipse pydev.sf.net pydev.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem running the cgi module
chris patton wrote: Hi everyone. I'm trying to code an HTML file on my computer to make it work with the cgi module. For some reason I can't get it running. This is my HTML script: -- form method=post action=C:\chris_on_c\hacking\formprinter.py bifont size=50HOWDY!/font/b/ibrbr input type=text name=name size=50 value=brbr input type=submit name=send value=submit /form You don't seem to be using a web server at all here - the form action is a file path, not a URL. So the browser is just going to the file system to get the .py file. You can make a simple CGI server by - create a directory caled cgi-bin - put formprinter.py into it - change the form action to action=/cgi-bin/formprinter.py - Open a dos console to the directory containing the cgi-bin directory - run the command python -c import CGIHTTPServer; CGIHTTPServer.test() (Don't do this with Python 2.4, it is broken - use 2.3 or 2.4.1) Kent -- And here is the python program it's supposed to run with, formprinter.py: -- import cgi, cgitb cgitb.enable() form = cgi.FieldStorage() print 'font size=12%s/fontbr' % form['name'] -- Whenever I press submit on the HTML document, it returns the code for formprinter.py. Can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong? -Thanks for any help! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generating RTF with Python
Axel Straschil wrote: Hello! does anyone know of a high-level solution to produce RTF from Python=20 (something similar to Reportlab for producing PDF)? Spend hours of googeling and searching, also in this NG, about two months ago. My conclusion is: On windwos, maybe you can include some hacks with dll's, under linux, linux support for generating rtf is none, and so is python's. My workaround was: http://www.research.att.com/sw/download/ This includes an html2rtf converter, which I access from python via popen and temporary files. Not high-level, not very sexy ... ;-( I looked at this a while ago, which might be a starter. http://pyrtf.sourceforge.net/ -- hilsen/regards Max M, Denmark http://www.mxm.dk/ IT's Mad Science -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Access denied calling FireEvent in Python
Regarding the call to FireEvent:
I still do not understand why you could call fireEvent('onchange')
and now it you have to call FireEvent('onchange') to avoid the
Access denied message
In Ruby or Perl you still call fireEvent('onchange') it has not
changed and you do not get the access denied error.
If anyone has any helpful information regarding this it would be great.
Rob
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Found that you have to call FireEvent a different way in the News IE
and sp2
Instead of:
ie.Document.forms[0].campus.fireEvent('onchange')
if needs to be changed to:
ie.Document.forms[0].campus.FireEvent('onchange')
RLM
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hello,
Does anyone know a workaround for calling fireEvent.
With the latest from Microsoft OS XP2 and Hot fixes to
IE it now gives an access denied error in Python when called.
Here is what I am trying to do:
Set the campus listbox value and theb call fire event, such as in
the
code below. I get an access denied error.
example code:
ie = DispatchEx('InternetExplorer.Application')
# Some code to navigate to the site, wait till doc is not busy and
#
ReadyState is complete...blah..blah...
ie.Document.forms[0].campus.value = '200'
ie.Document.forms[0].campus.fireEvent('onchange')
HTML code:
select style=font-size: 10 name=campus onChange=if
(this.options[this.selectedIndex].value != 0)
populate(this.options[this.selectedIndex].value)
option value=0Select a campus
option value=200Norman Campus
option value=501Advanced Programs
option value=502Liberal Studies
option value=504Academic Programs (CAFE)
option value=505OU Tulsa/select
If you call:
fireEvent('onchange')
fireEvent('onclick')
fireEvent('onFocus') etc... You will get an Access Denied
This only happens with either the newer version of IE and XP2.
I was able to call the exact same code with XP1 and Win2000 Pro
and it work fine. So something has changed with I.E. and is not
being
handled in Python.
example code:
ie.Document.forms[0].campus.fireEvent('onchange')
Trace:
File
C:\Python23\Lib\site-packages\pythonwin\pywin\framework\scriptutils.py,
line 310, in RunScript
exec codeObject in __main__.__dict__
File C:\QA\Tools\cPAMIE150\oCScript2.py, line 24, in ?
ie2.Document.forms[0].campus.fireEvent('onchange')
File C:\Python23\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py,
line
165, in __call__
return
self._get_good_object_(self._oleobj_.Invoke(*allArgs),self._olerepr_.defaultDispatchName,None)
com_error: (-2147024891, 'Access is denied.', None, None)
Help would be much appreciated!!
RLM
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Re: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'setdefaulttimeout'
That just means the urllib.socket module doesn't have any function named setdefaulttimeout in it. It appears there might be something wrong with your socket module as mine has it: py import urllib py f = urllib.socket.setdefaulttimeout py f built-in function setdefaulttimeout -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
A question about the use of PyArg_Parse function
Hi,
I hope I'm writing to the
rightplace.
In case I'm out of place
can you please refer to the right direction.
I have a question about the
correct way to use PyArg_Parse API function.
I'm writing a C module to
be called from python code (ver 2.3.4)
In one of the function I
have to cast the parameter into char *
It looks like
this:
PyObject* myfunc (PyObject
*self, PyObject *args){char * myparam;if
(!PyArg_Parse(args, "(s)", myparam)){
.
}
...
}
I have a few
questions:
1. is this the correct way
to cast PyObject into char*
I have tried the PyArg_ParseTuple but
for some reason didn't succeed.
2. Is the pointer above
(myparam) is alocated by this call? ( I guess it is since the
adress changed before and after the call)
3. Who is releasing
this memory ?
I tried looking into
the code , and will continue to.
I hope you'll be
able to help me.
thanks
anyway.
_
Barak Azulay
Software Development - Team Leader
Sphera -
Web Hosting Automation
Office: 972-3-9008236
Mobile: 972-54-7773040 Email:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
_
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Re: property and virtuality
Laszlo Zsolt Nagy wrote:
My problem is about properties and the virtuality of the methods. I
would like to create a property whose get and set methods
are virtual.
Perhaps you want to roll your own VirtualProperty descriptor? Here's
one based off the property implementation in Raymond Hettinger's How-To
Guide for Descriptors[1]:
py class VirtualProperty(object):
... def __init__(self, getname=None, setname=None, delname=None,
... doc=None):
... self.getname = getname
... self.setname = setname
... self.delname = delname
... self.__doc__ = doc
... def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
... if obj is None:
... return self
... if self.getname is None:
... raise AttributeError('unreadable attribute')
... try:
... fget = getattr(obj, self.getname)
... except AttributeError:
... raise TypeError('%s object does not have a %s method' %
... (type(obj).__name__, self.getname))
... return fget()
... def __set__(self, obj, value):
... if self.setname is None:
... raise AttributeError(can't set attribute)
... try:
... fset = getattr(obj, self.setname)
... except AttributeError:
... raise TypeError('%s object does not have a %s method' %
... (type(obj).__name__, self.setname))
... fset(value)
... def __delete__(self, obj):
... if self.delname is None:
... raise AttributeError(can't delete attribute)
... try:
... fdel = getattr(obj, self.delname)
... except AttributeError:
... raise TypeError('%s object does not have a %s method' %
... (type(obj).__name__, self.delname))
... fdel()
...
py class C(object):
... def getx(self):
... return 'C'
... x = VirtualProperty('getx', 'setx', 'delx')
...
py class D(C):
... def getx(self):
... try:
... return self._x
... except AttributeError:
... return 'D'
... def setx(self, x):
... self._x = x
...
py c = C()
py c.x
'C'
py c.x = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File interactive input, line 1, in ?
File interactive input, line 24, in __set__
TypeError: C object does not have a setx method
py del c.x
Traceback (most recent call last):
File interactive input, line 1, in ?
File interactive input, line 33, in __delete__
TypeError: C object does not have a delx method
py d = D()
py d.x
'D'
py d.x = 1
py d.x
1
py del d.x
Traceback (most recent call last):
File interactive input, line 1, in ?
File interactive input, line 33, in __delete__
TypeError: D object does not have a delx method
STeVe
[1] http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm
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Re: returning a list: IndexError
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thats right. I wanted c1 and c2 to retrieve the values returned by t1 and t2 . Values for t1 and t2 could be anything. Also tbl is global. Then you need to return t1 and t2 in test, e.g.: py import numarray as na py tbl = na.zeros((32, 16)) py def test(): ... t1 = 0x0 ... t2 = 0x1 ... return t1, t2, tbl[t1, t2] ... py def get_value(): ... c1, c2, data = test() ... print tbl[c1, c2] ... py get_value() 0 Just as an element of any other container doesn't know what index it's stored at, values in a numarray array don't either. If you want to deal with indices, you need to either pass them around instead (or in addition to) the values, or you need to search the whole array each time for similar objects and see what indices they're at. The first approach is probably preferred in most cases. STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Problem with national characters
I'm developing a routine that will parse user input. For simplicity, I'm converting the entire input string to upper case. One of the words that will have special meaning for the parser is the word før, (before in English). However, this word is not recognized. A test in the interactive shell reveals this: [EMAIL PROTECTED] leif $ python Python 2.3.4 (#1, Feb 7 2005, 21:31:38) [GCC 3.3.5 (Gentoo Linux 3.3.5-r1, ssp-3.3.2-3, pie-8.7.7.1)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. 'før'.upper() 'F\xf8R' 'FØR' 'F\xd8R' In Windows, the result is slightly different, but no better: C:\Python23python ActivePython 2.3.2 Build 232 (ActiveState Corp.) based on Python 2.3.2 (#49, Nov 13 2003, 10:34:54) [MSC v.1200 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. 'før'.upper() 'F\x9bR' 'FØR' 'F\x9dR' Is there a way around this problem? My character set in Linux is ISO-8859-1. In Windows 2000 it should be the equivavent Latin-1, though I'm not sure about which character set the command shell is using. -- Leif Biberg Kristensen http://solumslekt.org/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generating RTF with Python
Hello! I looked at this a while ago, which might be a starter. http://pyrtf.sourceforge.net/ Don't remember why I didn't spent much time on that. Sombody has experience with pyrtf on an production project (is it stable ;-)) Lg, AXEL. -- Aber naja, ich bin eher der Forentyp. Wolfibolfi's outing in http://www.informatik-forum.at/showpost.php?p=206342postcount=10 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: urllib.urlretireve problem
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Diez B. Roggisch wrote: You could for instance try and see what kind of result you got using the unix file command - it will tell you that you received a html file, not a deb. Or check the mimetype returned - its text/html in the error case of yours, and most probably something like application/octet-stream otherwise. Using the unix file command is not possible at all. The whole goal of the program is to help people get their packages downloaded from some other (high speed) machine which could be running Windows/Mac OSX/Linux et cetera. That is why I'm sticking strictly to python libraries. The second suggestion sounds good. I'll look into that. Thanks, rrs - -- Ritesh Raj Sarraf RESEARCHUT -- http://www.researchut.com Gnupg Key ID: 04F130BC Stealing logic from one person is plagiarism, stealing from many is research. -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.2.5 (GNU/Linux) iD8DBQFCTDhV4Rhi6gTxMLwRAi2BAJ4zp7IsQNMZ1zqpF/hGUAjUyYwKigCeKaqO FbGuuFOIHawZ8y/ICf87wOI= =btA5 -END PGP SIGNATURE- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
split an iteration
This function from texlib in oedipus.sf.net is a real cpu hog and I determined to see if it could be optimized. def add_active_node(self, active_nodes, node): Add a node to the active node list. The node is added so that the list of active nodes is always sorted by line number, and so that the set of (position, line, fitness_class) tuples has no repeated values. index = 0 # Find the first index at which the active node's line number # is equal to or greater than the line for 'node'. This gives # us the insertion point. while (index len(active_nodes) and active_nodes[index].line node.line): index = index + 1 insert_index = index # Check if there's a node with the same line number and # position and fitness. This lets us ensure that the list of # active nodes always has unique (line, position, fitness) # values. while (index len(active_nodes) and active_nodes[index].line == node.line): if (active_nodes[index].fitness_class == node.fitness_class and active_nodes[index].position == node.position): # A match, so just return without adding the node return index = index + 1 active_nodes.insert(insert_index, node) I determined that len was being called a large number of times so did a first rewrite as (minus comments) def add_active_node(self, active_nodes, node): index = 0 nan = len(active_nodes) node_line = node.line node_fitness_class = node.fitness_class node_position = node.position while index nan and active_nodes[index].linenode_line: index += 1 insert_index = index while indexnan and active_nodes[index].line==node_line: if (active_nodes[index].fitness_class==node_fitness_class and active_nodes[index].position==node_position): return index += 1 active_nodes.insert(insert_index, node) which gives a good speedup even so I decided to eliminate the index += 1 in the first while loop which results in def add_active_node(self, active_nodes, node): nan = len(active_nodes) node_line = node.line node_fitness_class = node.fitness_class node_position = node.position insert_index = nan for index, a in enumerate(active_nodes): if a.line=node_line: insert_index = index break index = insert_index while indexnan and active_nodes[index].line==node_line: if (active_nodes[index].fitness_class==node_fitness_class and active_nodes[index].position==node_position): return index += 1 active_nodes.insert(insert_index, node) and this change also results in a significant speedup and is I believe is still equivalent. I'm not sure exactly why this is faster than the while loop, but it is. However, it seems harder to get the same speedup for the last while loop; that loop is probably not such a problem so it's not terribly important. Is there a fast way to get enumerate to operate over a slice of an iterable? -- Robin Becker -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Turn of globals in a function?
On Thu, 31 Mar 2005 16:28:15 +1200, Greg Ewing
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Oren Tirosh wrote:
def noglobals(f):
. import new
. return new.function(
. f.func_code,
. {'__builtins__':__builtins__},
. f.func_name,
. f.func_defaults,
. f.func_closure
. )
Be aware that this will render the function incapable
of seeing *any* globals at all, including other
functions and classes defined in the same module --
which you may find rather inconvenient!
Developing this idea further...
This allows a programmer to specify what globals to allow read and or
writes.
Cheers,
Ron
#---start---
# useglobals.py
A function to specify what globals and builtins
a function may access.
Author: Ronald Adam
def useglobals(rw_globals=None, r_globals=None, builtins=True):
#import dis
import sys
write_list = []
read_list = []
if rw_globals != None:
rw_globals = rw_globals.replace(' ','')
write_list = rw_globals.split(',')
if r_globals != None:
r_globals = r_globals.replace(' ','')
read_list = r_globals.split(',')
if builtins == True:
read_list.extend(dir(__builtins__))
elif builtins != None:
builtins = builtins.replace(' ','')
read_list.extend(builtins.split(','))
# Add own name to read list.
read_list.append(sys._getframe(0).f_code.co_name)
read_list.extend(write_list)
#print read_list, write_list
names = sys._getframe(1).f_code.co_names
code = sys._getframe(1).f_code.co_code
#print dis.disassemble(sys._getframe(1).f_code)
i = 0
while i len(code):
#print ord(code[i])
op = ord(code[i])
if op == 116: # dis.opmap['LOAD_GLOBAL']
oparg = ord(code[i+1]) + ord(code[i+2]) * 256
if str(names[oparg]) not in read_list:
raise NameError, read from global name %s, detected
% names[oparg]
elif op == 97: # dis.opmap['STORE_GLOBAL']
oparg = ord(code[i+1]) + ord(code[i+2]) * 256
if names[oparg] not in write_list:
raise NameError, write to global name %s, detected %
names[oparg]
if op = 90:# dis.HAVE_ARGUMENT
i += 3 # Not sure if this is always the same?
else:
i += 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
Test useglobals() function. Change values to test
for error catching.
def a():
useglobals(rw_globals='x', r_globals='y,b')
# This function can read or write 'x',
# Can read 'y', and function 'b',
# and can access all builtins.
global x
y = 5
x += y
x = b(x)
return x
def b(g):
useglobals('','y,c','int')
# This function can only read 'y' and
# function 'c' in globals, and can
# only access 'int' in builtins.
g = g+y
c(int(g))
return g
def c(w):
useglobals(builtins=None)
# This function has no builtins or globals.
w = w**2
return w
y = 4
x = 5
z = 6
print a(),x,y,z
#---end---
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ANN: ActivePython 2.4.1 build 245 is available
I'm pleased to announce that ActivePython 2.4.1 build 245 is now available from: http://www.ActiveState.com/Products/ActivePython ActivePython 2.4.1.245 is a bug-fix release matching the recent core Python 2.4.1 release. ActivePython builds for Linux, Solaris and Windows are available. We welcome any and all feedback to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Please file bugs against ActivePython at: http://bugs.ActiveState.com/ActivePython What is ActivePython? - ActivePython is ActiveState's quality-assured binary build of Python. Builds for Windows, Linux and Solaris and made freely available. ActivePython includes the Python core and core extensions (zlib 1.2.1, bzip2 1.0.2, bsddb 4.2.52, Tk 8.4.9, and Tix 8.1.4). On Windows, ActivePython includes the PyWin32 suite of Windows tools developed by Mark Hammond, including bindings to the Win32 API and Windows COM, the Pythonwin IDE, and more. ActivePython also includes a wealth of Python documentation, including: - the core Python docs - Andrew Kuchling's What's New in Python series - the Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python - Mark Pilgrim's excellent Dive into Python, and - a snapshot of the Python FAQs, HOWTOs and PEPs. An online version of the docs can be found here: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/docs/ActivePython/2.4/welcome.html In particular the Release Notes: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/docs/ActivePython/2.4/relnotes.html and the Installation Guide: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/docs/ActivePython/2.4/installnotes.html Extra Bits -- ActivePython releases also include the following packages: - a Windows debug package: debug-built binaries for ActivePython users building debug versions of their binary Python extensions - ActivePython24.chm: an MS compiled help collection of the full ActivePython documentation set. Linux users of applications such as xCHM might find this useful. This package is installed by default on Windows. These packages are available from: ftp://ftp.activestate.com/ActivePython/etc/ On behalf of the team at ActiveState, Thanks, and enjoy! -- Trent Mick [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'setdefaulttimeout'
Peter Otten wrote: adrian wrote: urllib.socket.setdefaulttimeout(self.timeout) AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'setdefaulttimeout' socket.setdefaulttimeout() was added in Python 2.3. You need to upgrade. Peter Alternatively you might still be ablet o get Tom O'Malley's tiemoutsocket module, which I used in several applications until 2.3 integrated the functionality. regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 703 861 4237 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ Python Web Programming http://pydish.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Little Q: how to print a variable's name, not its value?
On 30 Mar 2005 08:43:17 GMT, Duncan Booth [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Here is a rough attempt at printing the names of a variable. It will pick up several names where appropriate, but deliberately doesn't attempt to get all possible names (as you say, that could result in endless loops). In particular, for the Fred=5/John=8/Winner=8 example it will only find one of John or Winner since it only picks at most one match from each dict or list. It doesn't yet manage to correctly lookup attributes (e.g. slots) when they aren't stored in a __dict__, nor does the output distinguish between dictionary keys and values (so encodings.cp437.encoding_map[8] below actually refers to the key not the value). Here's what I've been working on. It still has some glitches in it but I think it has potential as a instructional/diagnostict tool I'm going to repost this with the source as it's own topic, maybe it can be developed further. :) Cheers, Ron IDLE 1.1.1c1 No Subprocess from pnames import pnames pnames() [globals] __builtins__ -- module __doc__ -- docstring __file__ -- C:\Python24\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw __name__ -- __main__ idlelib -- module pnames -- function Paused John = 8 Fred = 6 Winner = John players = [John, Fred] pnames() [globals] __builtins__ -- module __doc__ -- docstring __file__ -- C:\Python24\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw __name__ -- __main__ Fred -- 6 idlelib -- module John -- 8 players -- [8, 6] pnames -- function Winner -- 8 Paused Both winner and John point to the litteral '8', but since the number '8' can never be changed, it doesn't matter, but you can look up the number '8' and find both John and Winner, but changing one, doesn't change the other. John = 9 pnames() [globals] __builtins__ -- module __doc__ -- docstring __file__ -- C:\Python24\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw __name__ -- __main__ Fred -- 6 idlelib -- module John -- 9 players -- [8, 6] pnames -- function Winner -- 8 Paused Winner didn't change it's value. scores = players pnames() [globals] __builtins__ -- module __doc__ -- docstring __file__ -- C:\Python24\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw __name__ -- __main__ Fred -- 6 idlelib -- module John -- 9 players -- [8, 6] -- scores pnames -- function scores -- [8, 6] -- players Winner -- 8 Paused Here, players and scores are both mutable, changeing them will change the other and so it shows that the list [8,6] has more than one name. Cheers, Ron -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: split an iteration
Robin Becker wrote: Is there a fast way to get enumerate to operate over a slice of an iterable? I think you don't need that here: e = enumerate(active_nodes) for insert_index, a in e: # ... for index, a in e: # ... Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Printing Varable Names Tool.. Feedback requested.
Hi, Sometimes it just helps to see what's going on, so I've been
trying to write a tool to examine what names are pointing to what
objects in the current scope.
This still has some glitches, like not working in winpython or the
command line, I get a 'stack not deep enough' error. I haven't tested
it on linux yet either. It could be something with my python
install.(?)
Anyway, here's the source with an example output. I'm still not sure
what to call it. Pnames stands for printnames, but if you think of
something better let me know.
Some things I think will be good is shortening long output such as
lists and dictionaries to '[...]' or '[:] or a few chars at the
beginning and end with '...' in the middle. I think it's important to
keep the output short and readable.
Any suggestions would be apreciated. :)
Ron
IDLE 1.1.1c1 No Subprocess
[globals]
__builtins__ -- module
__doc__ -- docstring
__file__ -- C:\Python24\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw
__main__ -- module
__name__ -- __main__
g -- 45
glist -- ['a changed', 'list'] -- test2:a
h -- 45
idlelib -- module
pnames -- function
sys -- module
test1 -- function
test2 -- function
test2.at1 -- [True] -- test2:aaa
[test1]
t -- ['altered'] -- test2:w
[locals:test2]
a -- ['a changed', 'list'] -- globals:glist
aaa -- [True] -- globals:test2.at1
w -- ['altered'] -- test1:t
Paused
#---start---
# pnames.py
A utility to print the value of variables for
debugging purposes.
To use: import prnames and insert prnames.prnames()
in the program where you want to examin names.
Pressing any key will continue.
Author: Ronald Adam
import sys
if __name__ is not '__main__':
import __main__
def pnames():
View
objdict = {}# Collect references to object.
namelist = [] # List of names and values by frame.
n = 1
name = None
while name!= 'runcode':
# Move up in the frames to gather name data.
# until the application global frame is reached.
name = sys._getframe(n).f_code.co_name
if name != 'runcode': # This keeps it out of idle's name
space.
namelst = [name,[]]
namespace = sys._getframe(n).f_locals
keys = namespace.keys()
# Get all the names in this frame.
for k in keys:
try:
trash = objdict[id(namespace[k])][name]
except:
try:
objdict[id(namespace[k])][name]=[k]
except:
objdict[id(namespace[k])]={name:[k]}
else:
objdict[id(namespace[k])][name].append(k)
namelst[1].append((k,namespace[k],id(namespace[k])))
#namelist.append(namelst)
#try:
attribs = None
try:
attribs = namespace[k].func_dict
except:
pass
if attribs:
for att in attribs:
attname = k+'.'+att
try:
trash = objdict[id(attribs[att])][attname]
except:
try:
objdict[id(attribs[att])][name]=[attname]
except:
objdict[id(attribs[att])]={name:[attname]}
else:
objdict[id(attribs[att])][name].append(attname)
namelst[1].append((attname,attribs[att],id(attribs[att])))
namelist.append(namelst)
n += 1
# Now print what we collected.
namelist.reverse() # Reverse it so we have globals at the
top.
tab = 0
for gname, group in namelist:
# Sort it.
def sortnocase(stringlist):
tupleList = [(x[0].lower(), x) for x in stringlist]
tupleList.sort()
return [x[1] for x in tupleList]
group = sortnocase(group)
if gname == chr(63):# Idle uses this as name as
app-globals.
gname = 'globals'
if gname == namelist[-1:][0][0]:
gname = 'locals:'+gname # Indicate locals group.
print '%s[%s]'%(''*tab, gname)
tab += 1
for name, obj, objid in group:
# Print the varable name
print ''*tab,name,'--',
# Remove replace a lot of clutter as we print it.
# List other names pointing to mutable objects.
if name == '__doc__':
obj = 'docstring'
if 'module' in str(obj):# These remove clutter
obj = 'module'# More probably needs to be
if 'function' in str(obj): # done here.
obj = 'function'
# Print the object
print obj,
# Print the other
Re: hiding a frame in tkinter
thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Printing Varable Names Tool.. Feedback requested.
On Thu, 31 Mar 2005 18:37:53 GMT, Ron_Adam [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, Sometimes it just helps to see what's going on, so I've been trying to write a tool to examine what names are pointing to what objects in the current scope. This still has some glitches, like not working in winpython or the command line, I get a 'stack not deep enough' error. I haven't tested it on linux yet either. It could be something with my python install.(?) Here's the error I'm getting from the python command window. C:\ron\rondev\pythonmodspython Python 2.4.1 (#65, Mar 30 2005, 09:13:57) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import pnames pnames.pnames() Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? File pnames.py, line 28, in pnames name = sys._getframe(n).f_code.co_name ValueError: call stack is not deep enough -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem running the cgi module
Thanks alot. This helps tremendously -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How To Do It Faster?!?
Hello max NG, I don't quite understand what your program is doing. The user=a[18::20] looks really fragile/specific to a directory to me. I corrected it to user=a[18::5][:-2], it was my mistake. However, that command is NOT specific to a particular directory. You can try to whatever directory or net resource mounted on your system. It works. a=os.popen(dir /s /q /-c /a-d + root).read().splitlines() Mhm... have you tried this command on a BIG directory? On your C: drive for example? I had to kill Python after having issued that command because it ate up all my CPU (1GB) for a quite long time. There simply are too many files/information to retrieve in a single command. In my first mail, I said I have to work with a BIG directory (more than 1 TB) and I need to retrieve information when they become available (I put this info on a wxPython ListCtrl). This is why I have chosen os.walk() and that command (that runs on a separate thread wrt the ListCtrl). It does NOT run faster than your command (probably my solution is slower), but I can get information on every directory I scan, while with your command I have to wait a long time to process the results, plus the user can not interact with the results already found. To get a list containing files owned by a specific user, do something like: files=[line.split()[-1] for line in a if owner in line] I will try this solution also. Thanks NG for your useful suggestions. Andrea. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Stylistic question about inheritance
Suppose I want to define a class hierarchy that represents expressions, for use in a compiler or something similar. We might imagine various kinds of expressions, classified by their top-level operator (if any). So, an expression might be a primary (which, in turn, might be a variable or a constant), a unary expression (i.e. the result of applying a unary operator to an expression), a binary expression, and so on. If I were solving such a problem in C++, I would define a base class for all expressions, then derive the various kinds of expression classes from that base class. However, I would not anticipate ever creating objects of the base class, so I would make it abstract. In Python, I can imagine doing the same thing: class Expr(object): pass class UnaryExpr(Expr): # ... class BinaryExpr(Expr): # ... and so on. However, although I don't have a choice in C++ about having a base class--you can't use dynamic binding without it--in Python I do have that choice. That is, I don't need to have the base class at all unless I want to have some operations that are common to all derived classes. Of course, there are reasons to have a base class anyway. For example, I might want it so that type queries such as isinstance(foo, Expr) work. My question is: Are there other reasons to create a base class when I don't really need it right now? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Change between Python 2.3 and 2.4 under WinXP
Hello, My second question from my last post (PyQt on Python 2.4), I think, is a little got under (i have installed both Python 2.3 and Python 2.4) Is there any possibility under WinXP, to alterntate quickly (with batch file or similary) between python23 and python24. Many thanks, -- Franz Steinhäusler DrPython (Project Developer) http://mitglied.lycos.de/drpython/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Controling the ALU
Hi How can I control an ALU from a PC using Python? Thanks! Hola... Como puedo controlar la ALU de un PC usando Pyhton? Gracias! -- Atentamente, Cesar Andres Roldan Garcia Presidente Comunidad Académica Microsoft Javeriana Teléfono: 300 8169857 Cali - Colombia -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
Andrew Koenig wrote: [snip] Of course, there are reasons to have a base class anyway. For example, I might want it so that type queries such as isinstance(foo, Expr) work. My question is: Are there other reasons to create a base class when I don't really need it right now? Well, Python seems to get along fine without the ability to do isinstance(foo,file_like_object); probably better off in the end for it. So I'd say you should generally not do it. Inheritence is for when different classes need to share functionality. -- CARL BANKS -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
Andrew Koenig wrote: Of course, there are reasons to have a base class anyway. For example, I might want it so that type queries such as isinstance(foo, Expr) work. My question is: Are there other reasons to create a base class when I don't really need it right now? You would normally try to avoid type queries, and rely on virtual methods instead, if possible. It seems likely for the application that code can be shared across different subclasses, for example, you might be able to define def Expr: def __str__(self): return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, , .join(map(str, self.operands())) requiring you only to implement .operands() in the subclasses. If you can anticipate such common code, it is easier to add a base class right away. If you cannot think of a specific use case, there is little point in having a common base class. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
If you try this sort of inheritance, I'd recommend writing down the formal grammar before you start writing classes. Don't try to define the grammar through the inheritance hierarchy; it's too easy to accidentally build a hierarchy that can't be translated into a single-pass-parsable grammar... I usually skip the inheritance and make everything an instance of the same class, e.g. class ASTNode(object): ... class Stmt(ASTNode): ... class Expr(ASTNode): ... class UnaryExpr(ASTNode): ... class BinaryExpr(ASTNode): ... or you could dynamically generate classes with inheritance based on a grammar definition -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
Carl Banks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Well, Python seems to get along fine without the ability to do isinstance(foo,file_like_object); probably better off in the end for it. So I'd say you should generally not do it. Inheritence is for when different classes need to share functionality. That's really the question: Is it for when they need to share functionality, or when they are conceptually related in ways that might lead to shared functionality later? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
Martin v. Löwis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] You would normally try to avoid type queries, and rely on virtual methods instead, if possible. Of course. It seems likely for the application that code can be shared across different subclasses, for example, you might be able to define def Expr: def __str__(self): return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, , .join(map(str, self.operands())) requiring you only to implement .operands() in the subclasses. Indeed. If you can anticipate such common code, it is easier to add a base class right away. If you cannot think of a specific use case, there is little point in having a common base class. So, for example, you don't think it's worth including the base class as a way of indicating future intent? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Change between Python 2.3 and 2.4 under WinXP
Franz Steinhäusler wrote: Is there any possibility under WinXP, to alterntate quickly (with batch file or similary) between python23 and python24. No need to change between them. Just install them both, and select which one to use on a per-invocation base. I.e. do c:\python23\python.exe foo.py c:\python24\python.exe foo.py If you are concerned that the .py association changes, you have two options: 1. manually edit the registry. Under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, find Python.File (or Python.NoConFile), then shell\open\command, and switch between paths. 2. install 2.4 and/or 2.3 under different user accounts, on a per-user basis (rather than the per-machine basis), and switch users. One of the installations can be per-machine, as per-user settings override the machine settings for the user. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
Lonnie Princehouse [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] If you try this sort of inheritance, I'd recommend writing down the formal grammar before you start writing classes. Don't try to define the grammar through the inheritance hierarchy; it's too easy to accidentally build a hierarchy that can't be translated into a single-pass-parsable grammar... Understood. I was using expression trees as a contrived example, and really want to know about the Python community's stylistic preferences for defing such hierarchies that don't absolutely need a root. I usually skip the inheritance and make everything an instance of the same class, e.g. class ASTNode(object): ... class Stmt(ASTNode): ... class Expr(ASTNode): ... class UnaryExpr(ASTNode): ... class BinaryExpr(ASTNode): ... Eh? There's still inheritance here: Everything is derived from ASTNode. I understand that there is a separate design issue whether to make the hierarchy deep or shallow, but it's still a hierarchy. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
Andrew Koenig wrote: Lonnie Princehouse [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] If you try this sort of inheritance, I'd recommend writing down the formal grammar before you start writing classes. Don't try to define the grammar through the inheritance hierarchy; it's too easy to accidentally build a hierarchy that can't be translated into a single-pass-parsable grammar... Understood. I was using expression trees as a contrived example, and really want to know about the Python community's stylistic preferences for defing such hierarchies that don't absolutely need a root. I have used empty or near-empty base classes to be some sort of class 'tag' for the derived classes. Much like Java's Serializable interface; it adds nothing on a functional level but you can check if a class has a 'tag' by checking if it is an instance of the base class. I don't know if this is good style in Python but I tend to use it sometimes (probably because I do Java at work ;-) --Irmen -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Controling the ALU
On 2005-03-31, Cesar Andres Roldan Garcia [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How can I control an ALU from a PC using Python? The ALU is buried pretty deep in the CPU. The ALU is part of what is actually executing the instructions that _are_ Python. -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! VICARIOUSLY at experience some reason visi.comto LIVE!! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Andrew Koenig [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Carl Banks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Well, Python seems to get along fine without the ability to do isinstance(foo,file_like_object); probably better off in the end for it. So I'd say you should generally not do it. Inheritence is for when different classes need to share functionality. That's really the question: Is it for when they need to share functionality, or when they are conceptually related in ways that might lead to shared functionality later? No -- inheritance is for implementation, not to express conceptual relationship. Donn Cave, [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: IMAP4.search by message-id ?
Tony Meyer wrote:
Can anyone tell me how to get a message's number from the message-id
using IMAP4.search?
I've tried this:
resp, items = server.search(None, 'HEADER',
'Message-id', msgID) but it gives me a 'bogus search criteria' error
import imaplib
i = imaplib.IMAP4(mail.example.com)
i.login(username, password)
[...]
i.select()
[...]
i.search(None, '(HEADER Message-ID
[EMAIL PROTECTED])')
('OK', ['4'])
i.logout()
[...]
=Tony.Meyer
Thank Tony...works fine now
--
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Re: Change between Python 2.3 and 2.4 under WinXP
Martin v. Löwis wrote: Franz Steinhäusler wrote: Is there any possibility under WinXP, to alterntate quickly (with batch file or similary) between python23 and python24. If you are concerned that the .py association changes, you have two options: 1. manually edit the registry. Under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, find Python.File (or Python.NoConFile), then shell\open\command, and switch between paths. Or even quicker: write a batch file that calls the ftype command to change the registry setting. (I believe changes made with ftype are persistent, but haven't tested.) Use ftype /? at a prompt to learn more, and try assoc .py and ftype Python.File to learn more specifically about what these do for Python. -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
Andrew Koenig wrote: Of course, there are reasons to have a base class anyway. For example, I might want it so that type queries such as isinstance(foo, Expr) work. My question is: Are there other reasons to create a base class when I don't really need it right now? Coming from C++ myself, I still prefer to use inheritance even if Python doesn't force me to do it. It's simply a matter of mapping the conceptual model to the actual design/implementation, if ever possible. Regards, Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
(no subject)
#! rnews 1765 Newsgroups: comp.lang.python Path: news.xs4all.nl!newsspool.news.xs4all.nl!transit.news.xs4all.nl!195.241.76.212.MISMATCH!transit1.news.tiscali.nl!tiscali!transit0.news.tiscali.nl!tudelft.nl!130.161.131.117.MISMATCH!tudelft.nl!newsfeed.multikabel.nl!gatel-ffm!gatel-ffm!proxad.net!proxad.net!newsread.com!news-xfer.newsread.com!nntp.abs.net!attws2!ip.att.net!NetNews1!xyzzy!nntp From: Harry George [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Generating RTF with Python X-Nntp-Posting-Host: cola2.ca.boeing.com Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED] User-Agent: Gnus/5.09 (Gnus v5.9.0) Emacs/21.3 Lines: 37 Sender: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Organization: The Boeing Company References: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Mime-Version: 1.0 Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 20:56:42 GMT Xref: news.xs4all.nl comp.lang.python:370154 Axel Straschil [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Hello! does anyone know of a high-level solution to produce RTF from Python=20 (something similar to Reportlab for producing PDF)? Spend hours of googeling and searching, also in this NG, about two months ago. My conclusion is: On windwos, maybe you can include some hacks with dll's, under linux, linux support for generating rtf is none, and so is python's. My workaround was: http://www.research.att.com/sw/download/ This includes an html2rtf converter, which I access from python via popen and temporary files. Not high-level, not very sexy ... ;-( Lg, AXEL. -- Aber naja, ich bin eher der Forentyp. Wolfibolfi's outing in http://www.informatik-forum.at/showpost.php?p=206342postcount=10 I generate docbook and convert that to rtf. I generate the docbook from my pdx markup: http://www.seanet.com/~hgg9140/comp/index.html#L007 If you go this route, your python code is actually writing pdx, and you need a 2 step conversion (pdx2docbook.py, then openjade for the xml-to-rtf step). -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] 6-6M21 BCA CompArch Design Engineering Phone: (425) 294-4718 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
Andrew Koenig wrote: So, for example, you don't think it's worth including the base class as a way of indicating future intent? No. In this respect, I believe in XP: refactor when the need comes up, but not before. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
On Thu, 31 Mar 2005 20:24:08 GMT, Andrew Koenig [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Martin v. Löwis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] You would normally try to avoid type queries, and rely on virtual methods instead, if possible. Of course. It seems likely for the application that code can be shared across different subclasses, for example, you might be able to define def Expr: def __str__(self): return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, , .join(map(str, self.operands())) requiring you only to implement .operands() in the subclasses. Indeed. If you can anticipate such common code, it is easier to add a base class right away. If you cannot think of a specific use case, there is little point in having a common base class. So, for example, you don't think it's worth including the base class as a way of indicating future intent? If the intent is pretty sure of implementation, I guess it will save some editing to include it at the start (unless you intended to define old-style classes and factor the base class inheritance revisions into some global metaclass hack later (not even really sure that's reliably possible, but pretty sure it would not be the best style ;-) BTW 2.5 may let you mod classes by prefixing a decorator instead of editing the first line. Not sure about the style/semantics tradeoffs there. Regards, Bengt Richter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Controling the ALU
Grant Edwards wrote: On 2005-03-31, Cesar Andres Roldan Garcia [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How can I control an ALU from a PC using Python? The ALU is buried pretty deep in the CPU. The ALU is part of what is actually executing the instructions that _are_ Python. Maybe: from __builtin__ import int as ALU ALU.__add__(3,4) 7 Sorry ;-) Michael -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: split an iteration
[Robin Becker]
This function from texlib in oedipus.sf.net is a real cpu hog and I determined
to see if it could be optimized.
def add_active_node(self, active_nodes, node):
Add a node to the active node list.
The node is added so that the list of active nodes is always
sorted by line number, and so that the set of (position, line,
fitness_class) tuples has no repeated values.
If you can change the data structure to be an actual list of tuples, then the
bisect module can be used directly:
insert_index = bisect.bisect_left(active_nodes, node)
if active_nodes[insert_index] == node:
return# avoid creating a duplicate entry
active_nodes.insert(insert_index, node)
If the data structure cannot be changed to tuples, then try adding a custom
compare operation to the node class:
def __cmp__(self, other):
return cmp((self.line, self.position, self.fitness_class),
(other.line, other.position, other.fitness_class))
insert_index = nan
for index, a in enumerate(active_nodes):
if a.line=node_line:
insert_index = index
break
index = insert_index
This loop can be squeezed a bit more using itertools.imap() and
operator.attrgetter() for the attribute lookup:
for index, aline in enumerate(imap(attrgetter('line'), active_nodes):
if aline node_line:
. . .
Is there a fast way to get enumerate to operate over a slice of an iterable?
enumerate(s) is the same as izip(count(), s).
So, to start from position i, write:
for index, value in izip(count(i), s[i:]):
. . .
That being said, your best bet is to eliminate the initial linear search which
is likely consuming most of the clock cycles.
Also, I noticed that the code does not reference self. Accordingly, it is a
good candidate for being a staticmethod or standalone function.
Raymond Hettinger
--
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Re: Problem with national characters
Is there a way around this problem?
put
import sys
sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF-8')
into sitecustomize.py in the top level of your PYTHONPATH .
--
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Re: redundant imports
Peter Hansen wrote: max(01)* wrote: this leads me to another question. since *.pyc files are automatically created the first time an import statement in executed on a given module, i guess that if i ship a program with modules for use in a directory where the user has no write privileges then i must ship the *.pyc files along too. right? Not required except for performance reasons. If the .pyc files don't exist, the .py files are recompiled and the resulting bytecode is simply held in memory and not cached and the next startup will recompile all over again. Note also that the main file (the one invoke from the command line) is never cached in a .pyc... -Peter Also, beware that you ship the right .pyc files - they are version-dependent, so shipping 2.3 binaries to a 2.4 user will actually cause a small slow-down, since the interpreter will have to check the .pyc's for the correct magic number before ignoring them. regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 703 861 4237 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ Python Web Programming http://pydish.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with national characters
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
put
import sys
sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF-8')
into sitecustomize.py in the top level of your PYTHONPATH .
Uh ... it doesn't seem like I've got PYTHONPATH defined on my system in
the first place:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] leif $ env |grep -i python
PYTHONDOCS=/usr/share/doc/python-docs-2.3.4/html
I ran this small snippet that I found after a search on Gentoo-forums:
import sys
import string
path_list = sys.path
for eachPath in path_list: print eachPath
...
/usr/lib/python23.zip
/usr/lib/python2.3
/usr/lib/python2.3/plat-linux2
/usr/lib/python2.3/lib-tk
/usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload
/usr/lib/portage/pym
/usr/lib/python2.3/site-packages
/usr/lib/python2.3/site-packages/gtk-2.0
What should my PYTHONPATH look like, and where do you suggest to put the
sitecustomize.py file?
--
Leif Biberg Kristensen
http://solumslekt.org/
--
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Re: Stylistic question about inheritance
Well, that's true, but I meant to convey that no grammatical entity is the base class of another entity, so it's a flat inheritance tree in that respect. ASTNode would not be something that the parser would know anything about. I guess that's sort of moot if your expression trees are just a contrived example; in that case, I'd say that how deep you want your inheritance hierarchy to be depends entirely on how your program wants to use it. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
mod_python and zope
I will be running zope, and I would also like to run mod_python. The problem arised when zope wants a threaded version of python and mod_python wants no_threads. I've been searching the mod_python site for pointers on how to install two instances of python, then configuring mod_python to use the non-thread instance. Haven't found anything yet. I'd appreciate any pointers the group may have as to how to install two pythons on the system -- and freely switch between a threaded and non-threaded version. I know I can do this with pythonpath or/and python home but I'm not really good at experimenting without destroying things. -- David Bear phone: 480-965-8257 fax:480-965-9189 College of Public Programs/ASU Wilson Hall 232 Tempe, AZ 85287-0803 Beware the IP portfolio, everyone will be suspect of trespassing -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: split an iteration
Peter Otten wrote: Robin Becker wrote: Is there a fast way to get enumerate to operate over a slice of an iterable? I think you don't need that here: e = enumerate(active_nodes) for insert_index, a in e: # ... for index, a in e: # ... Peter I tried your solution, but I think we miss the split element eg for e = enumerate([0,1,2,3,4,5]) for i,a in e: ... if a==3: break ... for i,a in e: ... print i,a ... 4 4 5 5 I think the second loop needs to start at 3 ie the split needs to be start, limit semantics It would be nice to be able to fix it with a move back method. -- Robin Becker -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with national characters
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
put
import sys
sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF-8')
into sitecustomize.py in the top level of your PYTHONPATH .
I found out of it, sort of. Now I've got a PYTHONPATH that points to my
home directory, and followed your instructions. The first time I got an
error message due to a typo. I corrected it, and now Python starts
without an error message. But it didn't solve my problem with the
uppercase Ø at all. Is there something else I have to do?
--
Leif Biberg Kristensen
http://solumslekt.org/
--
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Re: Change between Python 2.3 and 2.4 under WinXP
Do you really think this is a safe solution? How do you deal with features that are in new 2.4, but you invoke it with the exe from 2.3? The imports have to be handled as well, and the dlls, and the libs too -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Numarray newbie question
ChinStrap wrote: I know there are probably alternatives for this with the standard library, but I think that would kill the speed I get with numarray: Say I have two 2-dimensional numarrays (x_mat and y_mat, say), and a function f(x,y) that I would like to evaluate at every index. Basically I want to be able to say f(x_mat,y_mat) and have it return a numarray with the same shape and element wise evaluation of f. I know, I want a ufunc, but they look scary to write my own. Are there any functions that do this? Or is writing ufuncs easier than it seems? Thanks, -Chris Neff numarray has a fixed set of ufuncs. Section 5.1 of the docs. Section 5.3 points to a method for writing the f(i, j). Unfortunately, it appears to require that f be written in C and assumes that the user operating system has a compiler, which windows, in general, does not. It would be good if f could be written in Python. Colin W. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: split an iteration
Raymond Hettinger wrote:
[Robin Becker]
This function from texlib in oedipus.sf.net is a real cpu hog and I determined
to see if it could be optimized.
def add_active_node(self, active_nodes, node):
Add a node to the active node list.
The node is added so that the list of active nodes is always
sorted by line number, and so that the set of (position, line,
fitness_class) tuples has no repeated values.
If you can change the data structure to be an actual list of tuples, then the
bisect module can be used directly:
This is a way forward and I think is doable. The original Knuth algo
used only global integer arrays. The actual insert point depends on the
line attribute only which would be the first tuple element. So
apparently we always insert non-identical line breaks at the beginning
of their line group; I think we can do the insert check and then a bit
of checking to find the actual insert point using bisect_right handwave
handwave.
insert_index = bisect.bisect_left(active_nodes, node)
if active_nodes[insert_index] == node:
return# avoid creating a duplicate entry
active_nodes.insert(insert_index, node)
If the data structure cannot be changed to tuples, then try adding a custom
compare operation to the node class:
def __cmp__(self, other):
return cmp((self.line, self.position, self.fitness_class),
(other.line, other.position, other.fitness_class))
insert_index = nan
for index, a in enumerate(active_nodes):
if a.line=node_line:
insert_index = index
break
index = insert_index
This loop can be squeezed a bit more using itertools.imap() and
operator.attrgetter() for the attribute lookup:
for index, aline in enumerate(imap(attrgetter('line'), active_nodes):
if aline node_line:
. . .
Is there a fast way to get enumerate to operate over a slice of an iterable?
enumerate(s) is the same as izip(count(), s).
So, to start from position i, write:
for index, value in izip(count(i), s[i:]):
. . .
That being said, your best bet is to eliminate the initial linear search which
is likely consuming most of the clock cycles.
Also, I noticed that the code does not reference self. Accordingly, it is a
good candidate for being a staticmethod or standalone function.
Raymond Hettinger
--
Robin Becker
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
assignments - want a PEP
From time to time I still use my old Mathematica system. The Mathematica language has some nice properties. The one I like best is the possibility to create symbols from nothing. Translated into the Python realm following creations are possible: a a That's it. Just make an 'a' as a pure symbol. The reason for those symbols is late evaluation. Most of the time an expression should be transformed and simplified before it is finally evaluated using concrete numbers or other stuff. I tried to mimic this in Python using a Symbol() class: a = Symbol() a a So 'a' would be a Symbol object that is represented by the name a not by the standard format information that tells us that a is some member of class Symbol(). Starting with Symbol() subclsses of Symbol() e.g Expr() could overload operators like __add__, __mul__ etc. in order to create new symbolic objects: a,b = Expr(),Expr() (a+b)/c a+b --- c The availability of Symbol() would make it easy to create a Computer Algebra System ( CAS ) in Python, just using standard Python operators. Unfortunately it is not possible to implement Symbol() in an elegant way. Symbol() has to retrieve somehow it's own name from the environment where the name is created, but no assignment/name binding event is accessible to Python objects. I want to propose making name binding accessible by introducing an __assign__ method which is called, whenever an object is bound to a name. By default the __assign__ method does nothing at all but can be implemented by custom classes. def __assign__(self,own_name): # do somtehing with me and my name Instead of changing the behaviour of the current assignment operator = one could think about introduction of a new assignment := that is connected to the __assign__ method of custom classes if available. What do You think? Regards, Kay -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: assignments - want a PEP
Kay Schluehr [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
a = Symbol()
a
a
Use
a = Symbol('a')
instead and it should solve most of the problems you mention. What's
supposed to happen anyway, in your proposal, after
a = Symbol()
b = a
print b
?
--
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System bell
Am I right in thinking that print \a should sound the system, 'bell'? B -- Computer says, 'no' -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with national characters
Leif B. Kristensen skrev: Is there something else I have to do? Please forgive me for talking with myself here :-) I should have looked up Unicode in Learning Python before I asked. This seems to work: u'før'.upper() u'F\xd8R' u'FØR' u'F\xd8R' 'FØR' 'F\xd8R' So far, so good. Note that the Unicode representation of the uppercase version is identical to the default. But when I try the builtin function unicode(), weird things happen: s='FØR' s 'F\xd8R' unicode(s) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode bytes in position 1-2: invalid data The ActivePython 2.3.2 doesn't even seem to understand the 'u' prefix. So even if I can get this to work on my own Linux machine, it hardly looks like a portable solution. Seems like the solution is to keep away from letters above ASCII-127, like we've done since the dawn of computing ... -- Leif Biberg Kristensen http://solumslekt.org/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
assignments - want a PEP
From time to time I still use my old Mathematica system. The Mathematica language has some nice properties. The one I like best is the possibility to create symbols from nothing. Translated into the Python realm following creations are possible: a a That's it. Just make an 'a' as a pure symbol. The reason for those symbols is late evaluation. Most of the time an expression should be transformed and simplified before it is finally evaluated using concrete numbers or other stuff. I tried to mimic this in Python using a Symbol() class: a = Symbol() a a So 'a' would be a Symbol object that is represented by the name a not by the standard format information that tells us that a is some member of class Symbol(). Starting with Symbol() subclsses of Symbol() e.g Expr() could overload operators like __add__, __mul__ etc. in order to create new symbolic objects: a,b = Expr(),Expr() (a+b)/c a+b --- c The availability of Symbol() would make it easy to create a Computer Algebra System ( CAS ) in Python, just using standard Python operators. Unfortunately it is not possible to implement Symbol() in an elegant way. Symbol() has to retrieve somehow it's own name from the environment where the name is created, but no assignment/name binding event is accessible to Python objects. I want to propose making name binding accessible by introducing an __assign__ method which is called, whenever an object is bound to a name. By default the __assign__ method does nothing at all but can be implemented by custom classes. def __assign__(self,own_name): # do somtehing with me and my name Instead of changing the behaviour of the current assignment operator = one could think about introduction of a new assignment := that is connected to the __assign__ method of custom classes if available. What do You think? Regards, Kay -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with national characters
Leif B. Kristensen wrote:
Is there a way around this problem? My character set in Linux is
ISO-8859-1. In Windows 2000 it should be the equivavent Latin-1, though
I'm not sure about which character set the command shell is using.
The unicode methods seems to do it correctly. So you can decode your
strings as unicode, do the transfom, and encode it back as latin1.
print repr('før'.decode('latin-1').upper().encode('latin-1')) #
'F\xd8R'
print repr('FØR'.decode('latin-1').encode('latin-1'))
'F\xd8R'
--
hilsen/regards Max M, Denmark
http://www.mxm.dk/
IT's Mad Science
--
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Re: Newbie Shell Editor Question
Tim Roberts wrote: Kash [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ...However when I start idle and run a program from it; I get the following types of errors Idle is already running the python interpreter. You don't need to start another copy. It is just like you had typed python at a command line. If you want to run a script in a file, you have to use the IDLE menu to do so. I don't know IDLE, but it's probably something like File-Run. Just in case that's not enough of a clue: ctrl-O to open the file with a file chooser dialog F5 to run the currently open file. Or, if you like to click: File - Open (choose file) Run - Run Module --Scott David Daniels [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Making a DLL with python?
Larry Bates wrote: Almost all languages can dispatch a COM object easily. Being stuck using VBScript at work, I kind of poked around COM creation one day and was surprised to find that it's possible to just drop python script directly into COM objects. Five minutes later and I was finally using real dicts lists in VBScript :) -alex23 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
