wx.DC problem
Im trying to create a way to pass the wx.dc object between multiple object, and its mostly working I can get two different panels to draw to the same DC but when I scale the window out it looks like the 2nd panel is getting blocked by something, im not sure if its a OnPaint problem or Maybe something with me hiding the second panel. Please help me out here thanks Attached is my two python scripts that im using use the test.py to test the PaintPanel script..import wx class PaintPanel(wx.Panel): def __init__(self, parent, id, sub = 0, *args, **kwds): wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent, id, *args, **kwds) self.parent = parent self.sub =sub self.items = [] if self.sub: self.parent.AddItem(self) self.Hide() else: pass self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND, self.OnEraseBackground) def AddItem(self, item): ## Add Item self.items.append(item) def RemoveItem(self, item): ## Remove Item for i in self.items: if(i == item): self.items.remove(i) def RemoveAll(self): ## Remove All Items self.items.clear() def OnPaint(self, event): self.sizeX, self.sizeY = self.GetSize() print position is: + str(self.parent.GetPosition()) print size is: + str(self.parent.GetSize()) ## Setup Double Buffer DC buffer = wx.EmptyBitmap(self.sizeX, self.sizeY) memDC = wx.MemoryDC() memDC.SelectObject(buffer) dc = wx.PaintDC(self) self.PrepareDC(dc) ##memDC.SetBackground(wx.Brush(White)) ##memDC.Clear() self.Draw(memDC) memDC.EndDrawing() ## Copy DC from MemoryDC dc.Blit(0, 0, self.sizeX, self.sizeY, memDC, 0, 0, wx.COPY, True) ## Clean Up The DC ##del memDC ##del dc def Draw(self, dc): ## Draw All Attached Items for item in self.items: item.Draw(dc) def OnEraseBackground(self, event): pass class PaintItem: def __init__(self, parent, id, name = ): self.parent = parent self.name = name self.parent.AddItem(self) def Draw(self, dc): self.posX, self.posY = self.parent.GetPosition() dc.SetTextForeground(BLUE) dc.SetFont(wx.Font(50, wx.SWISS, wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD)) dc.DrawText( self.name, self.posX, self.posY) if __name__ == __main__: app = wx.PySimpleApp(0) frame = wx.Frame(None, -1, size = (50,50)) frame.SetBackgroundColour((0,0,0)) panel = PaintPanel(frame, -1, size = (50,50)) item = PaintItem(panel, -1, name = test1) app.SetTopWindow(frame) frame.Show() app.MainLoop()import wx import PaintPanel class TestFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, *args, **kwds): kwds[style] = wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwds) self.panel = PaintPanel.PaintPanel(self, -1) self.subPanel= PaintPanel.PaintPanel(self.panel, -1, sub = 1) item1 = PaintPanel.PaintItem(self.panel, -1, name = main) item2 = PaintPanel.PaintItem(self.subPanel, -1, name = sub) self.__set_properties() self.__do_layout() def __set_properties(self): self.SetTitle(Test) def __do_layout(self): sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) grid_sizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(3, 3, 0, 0) grid_sizer.Add((20, 20), 0, wx.EXPAND, 0) grid_sizer.Add((20, 20), 0, wx.EXPAND, 0) grid_sizer.Add((20, 20), 0, wx.EXPAND, 0) grid_sizer.Add((20, 20), 0, wx.EXPAND, 0) grid_sizer.Add(self.subPanel, 1, wx.EXPAND, 0) grid_sizer.Add((20, 20), 0, wx.EXPAND, 0) grid_sizer.Add((20, 20), 0, wx.EXPAND, 0) grid_sizer.Add((20, 20), 0, wx.EXPAND, 0) grid_sizer.Add((20, 20), 0, wx.EXPAND, 0) grid_sizer.Fit(self.panel) grid_sizer.SetSizeHints(self.panel) grid_sizer.AddGrowableRow(0) grid_sizer.AddGrowableRow(1) grid_sizer.AddGrowableRow(2) grid_sizer.AddGrowableCol(0) grid_sizer.AddGrowableCol(1) grid_sizer.AddGrowableCol(2) self.panel.SetAutoLayout(True) self.panel.SetSizer(grid_sizer) sizer.Add(self.panel, 1, wx.EXPAND, 0) self.SetAutoLayout(True) self.SetSizer(sizer) sizer.Fit(self) sizer.SetSizeHints(self) self.Layout() class MyApp(wx.App): def OnInit(self): wx.InitAllImageHandlers() frame = TestFrame(None, -1, ) frame.SetSize((500,200)) self.SetTopWindow(frame) frame.Show() return 1 if __name__ == __main__: app = MyApp(0)
Re: Remove Whitespace
On 14/04/2006 12:51 PM, Felipe Almeida Lessa wrote:
Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 12:46 +1000, Steven D'Aprano escreveu:
Why would you want to call in the heavy sledgehammer of regular
expressions for cracking this peanut?
And put heavy on that!
$ python2.4 -mtimeit -s str = 'D c a V e r \ = d w o r d : 0 0 0 0 0 6
4 0' 'str.replace( , )'
Oi! The OP mentioned whitespace ...
10 loops, best of 3: 3.07 usec per loop
$ python2.4 -mtimeit -s str = 'D c a V e r \ = d w o r d : 0 0 0 0 0 6
4 0' '.join(str.split())'
10 loops, best of 3: 4.16 usec per loop
$ python2.4 -mtimeit -s from re import sub; str = 'D c a V e r \ = d w
o r d : 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 0' 'sub(\\s, , str)'
1 loops, best of 3: 23.6 usec per loop
$ calc 23.6 / 3.07
~7.68729641693811074919
I couldn't be expressed better:
Some people, when confronted with a problem, think I know, I'll use
regular expressions. Now they have two problems.
— Jamie Zawinski, in comp.lang.emacs
C:\junkpython -mtimeit -s str = 23 * ' X' str.replace(' ', '')
10 loops, best of 3: 3.65 usec per loop
C:\junkpython -mtimeit -s str = 23 * ' X' str.replace(' ',
'').replace('\t', '')
10 loops, best of 3: 4.33 usec per loop
C:\junkpython -mtimeit -s str = 23 * ' X'; cmap = ''.join(chr(k) for k
in range(256)); delchars = ' \t' str.translate(cmap, delchars)
100 loops, best of 3: 0.883 usec per loop
0.883 / 3.65 - 0.242
Some people, in Gadarene flight from regular expressions, don't read far
enough in the Library Reference Manual :-)
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A problem with exec statement
I have the following code: --- def f(): def g(): a = 'a' # marked line 1 exec 'a = b' in globals(), locals() print g: a =, a a = 'A' # marked line 2 exec 'a = B' in globals(), locals() print f: a =, a g() f() --- I don't understand, why its output is: f: a = A g: a = a instead of: f: a = B g: a = b All works as intended, if the marked lines are commented out. I just don't understand, why. (I suppose I don't understand, how the exec statement works, or the way Python handles objects, their names and namespaces...) In my opinion (according to my knowledge about Python), with or without the marked lines commented, the code should work the same. Well - I think I have to learn more about Python... According to my knowledge, the most important are the namespaces: the local ones, in this case. When Python calls the f function, its namespace is created. This namespace contains only the g function. Then the a variable is created (and the a name is added to the f function namespace). The next statement is the exec one. Since the statement knows the local namespace (obtained from the locals() function), it should replace the value of the a variable in the local namespace with the value of the new string B. I don't understand, why this is not done. The situation in the g function is similar, the only difference is that the local namespace contains the a name, that refers to a different Python object. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 359: The make Statement
Nicolas Fleury wrote: I have no idea of the implementation implications, but it would be nice to have the capability to override the namespace type to use something else than dict, so that it can be filled with symbols one statement at a time. I agree. I have sometimes wanted this ability for classes, so that class definitions could map assignments onto class attributes in some way besides blindly stuffing into a dict. -- --OKB (not okblacke) Brendan Barnwell Do not follow where the path may lead. Go, instead, where there is no path, and leave a trail. --author unknown -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
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Re: A problem with exec statement
TPJ wrote: I have the following code: --- def f(): def g(): a = 'a' # marked line 1 exec 'a = b' in globals(), locals() print g: a =, a a = 'A' # marked line 2 exec 'a = B' in globals(), locals() print f: a =, a g() f() --- I don't understand, why its output is: f: a = A g: a = a instead of: f: a = B g: a = b Use the exec statement without the in-clause to get the desired effect: def f(): ... a = a ... exec a = 'B' ... print a ... f() B Inside a function locals() creates a new dictionary with name/value pairs of the variables in the local namespace every time you call it. When that dictionary is modified the local variables are *not* updated accordingly. def f(): ... a = a ... d = locals() ... exec a = 'B' in globals(), d ... print a, d[a] ... f() a B By the way, experiments on the module level are likely to confuse because there locals() returns the same dictionary as globals(). Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A problem with exec statement
TPJ wrote: I have the following code: --- def f(): def g(): a = 'a' # marked line 1 exec 'a = b' in globals(), locals() print g: a =, a a = 'A' # marked line 2 exec 'a = B' in globals(), locals() print f: a =, a g() f() --- I don't understand, why its output is: f: a = A g: a = a instead of: f: a = B g: a = b All works as intended, if the marked lines are commented out. I just don't understand, why. (I suppose I don't understand, how the exec statement works, or the way Python handles objects, their names and namespaces...) In my opinion (according to my knowledge about Python), with or without the marked lines commented, the code should work the same. Well - I think I have to learn more about Python... That's true of almost everybody reading this list, myself included. According to my knowledge, the most important are the namespaces: the local ones, in this case. When Python calls the f function, its namespace is created. This namespace contains only the g function. Then the a variable is created (and the a name is added to the f function namespace). That's a pretty good summary. In fact just after the call to f is started its namespace doesn't even contain g, that's added by executing the def statement that defines g. The assignment does indeed create the name a in the function's (local) namespace. The next statement is the exec one. Since the statement knows the local namespace (obtained from the locals() function), it should replace the value of the a variable in the local namespace with the value of the new string B. I don't understand, why this is not done. So when you exec 'a = B' in globals(), locals() you might think you were changing the local namespace. In fact you are changing a *copy* of the local namespace: if you read the documentation carefully you will see under locals() it says Warning: The contents of this dictionary should not be modified; changes may not affect the values of local variables used by the interpreter. The situation in the g function is similar, the only difference is that the local namespace contains the a name, that refers to a different Python object. The same answer presumably pertains here. If you modify your code to read: def f(): def g(): a = 'a' # marked line 1 print globals:, globals(), '\nlocals:', locals() exec 'a = b' in globals(), locals() print globals:, globals(), '\nlocals:', locals() print g: a =, a a = 'A' # marked line 2 print Globals:, globals(), '\nLocals:', locals() exec 'a = B' in globals(), locals() print Globals:, globals(), '\nLocals:', locals() print f: a =, a g() f() you will see quite clearly that you aren't making the changes you anticipate to the local namespace. I hope I have explained why. One last note. Newcomers to Python often seem fascinated by the ability to use exec to achieve namespace indirection. Even allowing for the difficulties you've already experienced, it's nearly always better in practical cases to use assignment to the keys of a dictionary. Then no exec is required, and you have direct control over your own namespace. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd www.holdenweb.com Love me, love my blog holdenweb.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 359: The make Statement
Nicolas Fleury wrote:
Steven Bethard wrote:
Ok, I finally have a PEP number. Here's the most updated version of
the make statement PEP. I'll be posting it shortly to python-dev.
Thanks again for the previous discussion and suggestions!
I find it very interesting.
My only complaint is that it is limited to things that can be described
as a namespace, where the order of declaration is lost. This problem is
also true with metaclasses, but it is more acceptable since they are for
classes.
Yep, this seems to be the biggest complaint. I'm waiting for write
access to the repository, but here's a clip from the upcoming update:
Open Issues
===
...
Should users of the make statement be able to determine in which dict
object the code is executed? The make statement could look for a
``__make_dict__`` attribute and call it to allow things like::
make Element html:
make Element body:
make Element h1:
'''First heading text'''
make Element h1:
'''Second heading text'''
where a normal dict object would not suffice since order and repeated
names must be allowed. Assuming that the ``__make_dict__`` attribute
was called to get the dict in which the block should be executed, the
following code should make the above make statements work::
class Element(object):
class __make_dict__(dict):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self._super = super(Element.__make_dict__, self)
self._super.__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.values = []
def __getitem__(self, name):
try:
return self._super.__getitem__(name)
except KeyError:
return globals()[name]
def __setitem__(self, name, value):
self._super.__setitem__(name, value)
if not name.startswith('__'):
self.values.append(value)
def __new__(cls, name, args, edict):
result = etree.ElementTree.Element(name)
result.text = edict.pop('__doc__', None)
print edict.values
for element in edict.values:
result.append(element)
return result
STeVe
--
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whitespace again
hello again,
still having problemsi have the following in a txt file:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\software\compete\dca]UserId=92005851PanelId=mayflowerPanelName=Consumer Input ToolbarCaptureType=dword:0002
CapTypOvr=dword:0001ExePath=C:\\Program Files\\Consumer Input Toolbar\\ConsumerInputToolbar.exeDcaVer=dword:0640DcaUpdateVer=dword:0640
CfgVer=dword:0640RulesVer=dword:0008UaCheck=dword:005aSurvey=dword:0001ErrWaitMin=dword:0001ErrWaitMax=dword:0002
KeepAlive=dword:0001PerfEnabled=dword:PerfPath=http://www.consumerinput.com.edgesuite.net/speedera/10k2.txt
I want to remove the found at the beginning of each line. When I use:
for line in new_line.readlines():line = re.sub('',,line) print line
I get:
i n d o w s R e g i s t r y E d i t o r V e r s i o n 5 . 0 0
H K E Y _ L O C A L _ M A C H I N E \ s o f t w a r e \ c o m p e t e \ d c a ]
U s e r I d = 9 2 0 0 5 8 5 1
P a n e l I d = m a y f l o w e r
P a n e l N a m e = C o n s u m e r I n p u t T o o l b a r
C a p t u r e T y p e = d w o r d : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
C a p T y p O v r = d w o r d : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
E x e P a t h = C : \ \ P r o g r a m F i l e s \ \ C o n s u m e r I n p u t T o o l b a r \ \ C o n s u m e r I n p u t T o o l b a r . e x e
D c a V e r = d w o r d : 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 0
D c a U p d a t e V e r = d w o r d : 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 0
etc etc...Too much space...how do i get the same output with all the space..this is killing me please help
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Pattern_Recognition_School+Conf_2006:Deadline
PATTERN RECOGNITION EVENTS THIS SUMMER, 2006 ___ 4TH INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL ON PATTERN RECOGNITION (ISSPR, 2006), 23-28 JULY, UK WWW.PatternRecognitionSchool.com The 4th International Summer School on Pattern Recognition will be organised at the University of Plymouth, UK (23-28 July, 2006). The school programme is listed below. Please pass on this email to your interested colleagues and students. This is a great summer school which I would recommend for everyone to attend. DEADLINE: Register BEFORE 01 MAY, 2006 through the website to get a discount on the fee. More than 100 participants in 2005! Speakers at the Summer School (ISSPR'2006) Dr. Sam Roberts Mathworks, UK (Introduction to Matlab) Prof. Wojtek Krzanowski University of Exeter, UK (Multivariate Statistics: Data Description) Dr. Mike Tipping, Microsoft Research, UK (Bayesian Pattern Recognition: Principles and Practice) Prof. Chris Bishop, Microsoft Research, UK (Latent Variables, Mixture Models and EM) Dr. Richard Everson, University of Exeter, UK (Dimensionality Reduction) Dr. Peter Tino University of Birmingham, UK (Probabilistic framework for model-based topographic map formation) Prof. Chris Williams, University of Edinburgh, UK (Neural Networks and Kernel Machines) Dr. Colin Campbell, University of Bristol, UK (Support Vector Machines and Kernel Methods: An Introduction and Review) Prof. John Shawe- Taylor, University of Southampton, UK (Kernel Based Methods) Dr. Steve Gunn, University of Southampton, UK (Matlab for Support Vector Machines) Prof. Mahesan Niranjan, University of Sheffield, UK (Classifier Performance Particle Filters for Tracking and Sequential Problems) Dr. Andrew Webb Qinetiq, UK (Decision TreesData Clustering) Prof. Xin Yao, University of Birmingham, UK (A Gentle Introduction to Evolutionary Computation; ATutorial on Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimisation) Dr. Richard Deardon, University of Birmingham, UK (Sequential Decision Making; Markov Chains Monte Carlo Methods) Dr. Jeremy Wyatt, University of Birmingham, UK (An Introduction to Reinforcement Learning) Dr. Ludmila Kuncheva, University of Wales, UK (Classifier Combination) Prof. Joseph Kittler, University of Surrey, UK (Feature Selection and Extraction) Prof. Sameer Singh, Loughborough University, UK (Multiresolution Pattern Recognition) Prof. Susan Craw, Robert Gordon University, UK (Case Based Reasoning) SUPPORTED BY: Microsoft, Springer, British Computer Society, and Mathworks. ___ IEEE CVPR CONFERENCE www.CVPR.org/2006 17-22 June, 2006 ___ 18th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk/~icpr06 August 20-24, 2006 __ ICIAR CONFERENCE www.iciar.uwaterloo.ca/iciar06 18-20 September, 2006 __ Please see the event websites to get FULL information. Compiled by: Dr. Heather McLelland -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 359: The make Statement
Steven Bethard wrote:
Should users of the make statement be able to determine in which dict
object the code is executed? The make statement could look for a
``__make_dict__`` attribute and call it to allow things like::
make Element html:
make Element body:
make Element h1:
'''First heading text'''
make Element h1:
'''Second heading text'''
I'm concerned about the magic implied here for __doc__:
make Element p:
'''This is '''
make Element strong:
'''not'''
'''going to work'''
There is another effect which should be considered here. If you allow
Element to create an object to be used as the namespace, then as well as
doing special tracking when values are set in the namespace it can also
pre-seed it with names which magically appear in scope within the make.
e.g.
make Element html:
make Element body:
make Element p:
text('But this ')
make Element strong:
text('could')
text(' be made to work')
or even:
make Element p:
text('This would ')
strong('also')
text(' work')
where text and strong are readable in the Element namespace (there doesn't
actually have to be any relationship between the names you can access and
the names you set).
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Re: reading files in small chunks?
Hi,Could I have some links? It would be very helpful.Thank You.On 4/14/06, Felipe Almeida Lessa wrote: Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 13:45 +0800, Rajesh Sathyamoorthy escreveu: I wanted to know why it is more efficient to read a file in smaller chunks ( using file() or open() )?It's more efficient in some cases, and worse on others. It also depends on how you implement the read loop. I won't elaborate too much here,there are loads of sites and books that talk about this topic. If this is not done, will this lead to errors in the data read or just results in slower performance?It doesn't corrupt anything, unless you have a buggy hardware.--Felipe. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reading files in small chunks?
On 4/14/06, Rajesh Sathyamoorthy [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I wanted to know why it is more efficient to read a file in smaller chunks ( using file() or open() )? If this is not done, will this lead to errors in the data read or just results in slower performance? Thank You. It has basically to do with disk seeks and cache+memory utilization. and you can look around for the same for details on any of your fav search engine. cheers, amit. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- Amit Khemka -- onyomo.com Home Page: www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/~csd00377 Endless the world's turn, endless the sun's Spinning, Endless the quest; I turn again, back to my own beginning, And here, find rest. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list.clear() missing?!?
Dennis Lee Bieber [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: On Fri, 14 Apr 2006 09:17:05 +0400, Sergei Organov [EMAIL PROTECTED] declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: I, as a newcomer, don't have much trouble understanding the binding vs the assignment by themselves. What does somewhat confuse is dual role of the = operator, -- sometimes it means bind and other times it means assign, right? For me it seems that the language would be less It always means bind... But if the LHS is a mutable object, AND you have specified a component of that object, it is the component that is being rebound... lst[:] = [] is rebinding the elements inside the list lst, and not rebinding the name lst. Essentially, once you add any selector to the name (object[...]= or object.xxx=) you are going inside the object, and manipulating (rebinding) what is inside. If the name is used pure (object=), you are rebinding the /name/ to a different object. Me gets corrected, thanks. Now I need to unroll my mind somewhat back to figure out when and why I started to believe it sometimes assigns ;) -- Sergei. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
create pixmap from data
Hi there. I have a list containing integer values from 0 to 255. With this list I have informations width and height, as width * height = len(my_list) What I want to do is to convert this array into a pixmap of dimension width * height in order to draw it inside a pygtk GUI. Any suggestions about a way to display those informations ? cheers Thomas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python editing with emacs/wordstar key bindings.
BartlebyScrivener [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Yes, but for some reason, I get more and better help here with Python than on xemacs. Or maybe I've just had bad luck. Something like the following just leaves me scratching my head. I'm on Windows XP and never compiled anything that I know of. I'd rather pay $30 and have the editor work. Well, I'd pay too, but my experience is that no editor *always* works for me, and ability to fix it (or fine-tune for my own needs) is indeed essential for me. To the extreme that I'd rather learn some lisp to be able to (and besides lisp being fun to learn) ;) That said, I do think (X)emacs is not very suitable for casual user, but it starts to pay back for investments put into it pretty soon. BTW, what you've cited below sounds just like messed/broken Emacs installation (maybe installing one version on top of another, or mixing Emacs and XEmacs installations, or borrowing some files from separate archives -- difficult to say exactly), as you normally don't need to compile anything. Not to mention the fact that Windows is rather new platform for emacsen, so quite a few OS-specific issues could well be unresolved or simply be buggy indeed. Well, I think we should better stop this as an OT anyway. -- Sergei. BartlebyScrivener [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I tried searching on this but I don't see exactly my error message. When I open a php file for editing, I get: file mode specification error: (void-function run-mode-hooks) What line do I need to add to my .init file to make this stop? You are using .elc files compiled with a different version of Emacs. Recompile them. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
__getattribute__ and __slots__
Hi, I try to define a (new-style) class who: - have a __slots__ defined to be strict attributes, - return None if the attribute is 'ok' but not set, or raise a 'normal' error if the attribute isn't in __slots__. This code runs, but is it the good way? Thanks. class test(object): __slots__ = ['id'] def __getattr__(self, attr): if not attr in self.__slots__: raise AttributeError try: return self.attr except: return None -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
requestion regarding regular expression
Hello,
I'm trying to analyze some autolisp code with python. In the file to
be analyzed there are many functions. Each function begins with a
defun statement. And before that, there may or may not have comment
line(s), which begins with ;. My goal is to export each function
into separate files, with comments, if there is any. Below is the code
that I'm struggling with:
[code]
path = C:\\AutoCAD\\LSP\\Sub.lsp
string = file(path, 'r').read()
import re
pat = \\;+.+\\n\\(DEFUN
p = re.compile(pat,re.I)
iterator = p.finditer(string)
spans = [match.span() for match in iterator]
for i in range(min(15, len(spans))):
print string[spans[i][0]:spans[i][1]]
[/code]
The code above runs fine. But it only takes care of the situation in
which there is exactly one comment line above the defun statement.
How do I repeat the sub-pattern \\;+.+\\n here?
For example if I want to repeat this pattern 0 to 10 times, I know
\\;+.+\\n{0:10}\\(DEFUN does not work. But don't know where to put
{0:10}. As a work around, I tried to use
pat = |.join([\\;+.+\\n*i+ \\(DEFUN for i in range(11)]), and it
turned out to be very slow. Any help?
Thank you.
Kelie
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Upgrading and modules
Hi, Every time I upgrade python I also have to download all packages and reinstall them. http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/upgrading_python.html tells me that this is only a problem on windows for some reasons that have to do with binary distributions, compiling and more. This leads me to the questions: 1: Isn't there a better way? 2: Why is compilation needed for installation of a package? 3: Why isn't python backwards compatible so reinstallation is unneeded? 4: Would it help if python was compiled with gcc/mingw so installation would be the same as on other systems? 5: What about a package repository and a manager like miktex has? regards, -- Brian (remove the sport for mail) http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html http://www.rugbyklubben-speed.dk -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Remove Whitespace
John Machin wrote: $ python2.4 -mtimeit -s str = 'D c a V e r \ = d w o r d : 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 0' 'str.replace( , )' Oi! The OP mentioned whitespace ... yeah. but as is obvious from his examples, he really means UTF-16, not whitespace. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: whitespace again
david brochu jr wrote:
still having problemsi have the following in a txt file:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
if this is a regedit export, the data is encoded as UTF-16. treating
that as plain ASCII doesn't really work.
for line in new_line.readlines():
line = re.sub('',,line)
print line
I get:
i n d o w s R e g i s t r y E d i t o r V e r s i o n 5 . 0 0
etc etc...Too much space...
it's NUL bytes (chr(0)), not space.
to open an UTF-16 file with automatic decoding, use codecs.open:
import codecs
infile = codecs.open(file, r, utf-16)
reading from infile will now give you properly decoded unicode strings,
which you can process as usual.
this is killing me please help
sounds like you need to read up on what text encodings are, and how
you can let Python handle them for you. start here:
http://www.google.com/search?q=python+unicode
/F
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Re: namespace issue
def _gn(x):
return x.upper()
great_name = _gn
class myclass:
def mymethod(self, great_name=False):
if great_name:
return _gn('something')
else:
return 'something'
def great_name(x):
... return x.upper()
...
class myclass(object):
... def mymethod(self, great_name=False):
... if great_name:
... return globals()['great_name']('something')
... else:
... return 'something'
...
myclass().mymethod()
'something'
myclass().mymethod(True)
'SOMETHING'
Thanks a lot for both suggestions, they were the things I was looking for.
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sending email with charset utf-8 but subject is not coded properly
Hi all. I sending email using standard python modules smtplib, email,
coding email in utf but subject of message is not coded properly. In
subject i use my national characters (polish) and after send i get XX in
place these characters.
Here is the code
Message = email.message_from_string(pMessage)
Message.set_charset('utf-8')
Message['From'] = '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'
Message['To'] = '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'
SMTPServer=smtplib.SMTP(ConfigurationManager.SMTPServer)
SMTPServer.sendmail('[EMAIL PROTECTED]','[EMAIL PROTECTED]',
Message.as_string())
Message looks like this:
Subject: Nowe hasło
\n
\n
Nowe email z haslem..
I looked how smtp serwer see my message and I notice that it looks like
content of the message is convert by BASE64 but not the subject. What
I'm doing wrong? can anyone tell me?
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Re: create pixmap from data
Thomas Girod wrote: Hi there. I have a list containing integer values from 0 to 255. With this list I have informations width and height, as width * height = len(my_list) What I want to do is to convert this array into a pixmap of dimension width * height in order to draw it inside a pygtk GUI. Any suggestions about a way to display those informations ? check the PIL (Python Imaging Library), Image module Eric -- S Je cherche aussi des adresses de lieux contenant des fossiles dans S la région parisienne http://www.senat.fr/ -+- DP in http://www.le-gnu.net : La dianurette et les fossiles -+- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
List of all syntactic sugar?
Hi group, just out of curiosity, is there a list of all the syntactic sugar that is used in python? If there isn't such a list, could it be put on a wiki somewhere? The bit of sugar that I do know have helped me a lot in understanding the inner workings of python. To give a few examples (might not be totally correct): x[i] - x.__getitem__(i) x[a:b] - x.__getitem__(slice(a,b,None)) x+y - x._add__(y) x.method(a) - call (x.__dict__[method], self, a) ?? for i in x: f(i) - it = iter(x); while True: i = it.next(); f(i) except stop: pass TIA, Bas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A problem with exec statement
Use the exec statement without the in-clause to get the desired effect: def f(): ... a = a ... exec a = 'B' ... print a ... f() B snip Well... I *do* realize that. But this is *not* my problem. I have a function with another nested one. If I used exec ... instead of exec ... in some_dict, some_dict I would get the SyntaxError: unqualified exec is not allowed in function 'f' it contains a nested function with free variables. To be honest, the message cited above is the answer to the question Why have I put those globals(), locals() in the exec statments?. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Remove Whitespace
Fredrik Lundh schreef: John Machin wrote: $ python2.4 -mtimeit -s str = 'D c a V e r \ = d w o r d : 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 0' 'str.replace( , )' Oi! The OP mentioned whitespace ... yeah. but as is obvious from his examples, he really means UTF-16, not whitespace. Yes, that's what I was thinking. His data looks like a part of a Windows registry export, which at least on my system is in what Windows calls Unicode. -- If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants. -- Isaac Newton Roel Schroeven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: sending email with charset utf-8 but subject is not coded properly
Grzegorz ¦lusarek:
I sending email using standard python modules smtplib, email,
coding email in utf but subject of message is not coded properly. In
subject i use my national characters (polish) and after send i get XX in
place these characters.
Here is the code
Message = email.message_from_string(pMessage)
Message.set_charset('utf-8')
Message['From'] = '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'
Message['To'] = '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'
SMTPServer=smtplib.SMTP(ConfigurationManager.SMTPServer)
SMTPServer.sendmail('[EMAIL PROTECTED]','[EMAIL PROTECTED]',
Message.as_string())
I see no subject in this code.
If you want to include non-ASCII characters in your email headers, say in
the Subject: or To: fields, you should use the Header class and assign the
field in the Message object to an instance of Header instead of using a
string for the header value.
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-email.Header.html
--
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Re: List of all syntactic sugar?
Bas: just out of curiosity, is there a list of all the syntactic sugar that is used in python? http://docs.python.org/ref/specialnames.html -- René Pijlman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List of all syntactic sugar?
On Fri, 14 Apr 2006 02:54:11 -0700, Bas wrote: Hi group, just out of curiosity, is there a list of all the syntactic sugar that is used in python? If there isn't such a list, could it be put on a wiki somewhere? The bit of sugar that I do know have helped me a lot in understanding the inner workings of python. That kind of depends on what you mean by syntactic sugar. For instance, I wouldn't call any of your examples syntactic sugar. The problem with (e.g.) calling x[i] syntactic sugar for x.__getitem__(i) is that it gets the relationship backwards: x[i] _is_ the syntax, it isn't the sugar. Magic methods like __getitem__ are there as a mechanism to allow custom classes to use the same syntax as built-in classes. However, I would call these syntactic sugar: hello world - hello world # literal string concatenation r'raw strings' x[-n] - x[len(x)-n] x[:] - x[0:len(x)] print obj - sys.stdout.write(str(obj) + '\n') print obj, - sys.stdout.write(str(obj)) s.find(target) - try: return s.index(target) except IndexError: return -1 # not really syntax, perhaps method sugar is a better name? import a, b, c - import a; import b; import c raise Exception, string - raise Exception(string) Of course, one person's syntactic sugar is another person's essential syntactic carbohydrates. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A problem with exec statement
snip So when you exec 'a = B' in globals(), locals() you might think you were changing the local namespace. In fact you are changing a copy of the local namespace: snip Well, that explains much, but not all that I want to be explained. Why? Because now I understand, that by invoking exec a = 'B' in globals(), locals() I can modify only *copies* of the global and local namespaces dicts, not the dicts themselves. OK, that's why my code doesn't work as I want it to work. But why on Earth *the same code* will work, if I remove the assignments from the marked lines? Why then operating on copies of the local namespaces dicts *will work* ? (...) Even allowing for the difficulties you've already experienced, it's nearly always better in practical cases to use assignment to the keys of a dictionary. Then no exec is required, and you have direct control over your own namespace. Well... Is this a sugestion, that instead of messing up with the exec statements used to modify local namespaces I should use dictionaries? Perhaps you're right. In fact, the problem, that I'm trying to solve is as follows: def funcA(): def funcB(): ... var1, var2, var3, ..., varN = ( None, ) * N t = ( (regexp1, 'var1'), (regexp2, 'var2'), ..., (regexpN, 'varN') ) for regexp, var_name in t: match = regexp.match( some_string ) if match != None: # now the *magic* exec statement comes... exec var_name + ' = match.groups()[0]' in globals(), locals() return var1, var2, var3, ..., varN ... k1, k2, k3, ..., kN = funcB() Of course, the code presented above doesn't work. It works, if one change is done in the function funcB: def funcB(): ... # no creation of any local variables called var1, var2, ..., varN here t = ( (regexp1, 'var1'), (regexp2, 'var2'), ..., (regexpN, 'varN') ) for regexp, var_name in t: match = regexp.match( some_string ) if match != None: # now the *magic* exec statement comes... exec var_name + ' = match.groups()[0]' in globals(), locals() else: # here we put the code, that will assign None to the variable exec var_name + ' = None' return var1, var2, var3, ..., varN But I *still* don't understand, why this code works, if I operate on a copy of the local namespace dict... Of course, I can do the same thing in a different matter - by using a dictionary. And perhaps I will. But I still want to know, how the exec statement works. * * * My problem is more complicated, that the presented example. In general, my problem is: how to create a local variable by executing the Python code, that isn't known at the moment of writing the program? In another words: I have to create a local variable, whose name will be known at the runtime, in a nested function. Is it possible, or have I to use dictionaries, instead of exec statement used to modify local namespaces? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Future Warning with Negative Int
Hi, If I try to print a negative integer as a hexadecimal, I get the following error: FutureWarning: %u/%o/%x/%X of negative int will return a signed string in Python 2.4 and up For example: print %X % -1 __main__:1: FutureWarning: %u/%o/%x/%X of negative int will return a signed string in Python 2.4 and up Does that mean that in the future it will say -1 or -? Also, how do I suppress this warning? Thanks, Brian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List of all syntactic sugar?
That kind of depends on what you mean by syntactic sugar. Mightbe I was misusing the name of syntactic sugar, but I what I intended to say was all the possible 'transformations' that can be made to reduce all the 'advanced' syntax to some sort of minimal core of the language. Bas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
nested functions
hi just curious , if i have a code like this? def a(): def b(): print b def c(): print c how can i call c() ?? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
GdkColor : the phantom class ?
Hi.
No matter how I try, I just can't find this GdkColor class. I'm trying
to convert some data into a pixmap in order to display it. Here is my
code :
import pygtk
pygtk.require('2.0')
import gtk
xbm = #define dump_width 4
#define dump_height 4
static unsigned char dump_bits[] = { 0xaa, 0x6c, 0x55, 0x58, 0x4f,
0x4d, 0xb, 0x9b, 0xf8, 0xcc, 0x1d, 0xd5, 0x61, 0xa4, 0xd8, 0x78, };
class Ex:
def __init__(self):
window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
window.show()
pixmap = gtk.gdk.pixmap_create_from_data(window.window,
##display
xbm, ##data
28,28, ##width/height
8, ##depth
fg,bg)
image = gtk.Image()
image.set_from_pixmap(pixmap, None)
image.show()
def main(self):
gtk.main()
return 0
e = Ex()
e.main()
--
The error comes from fg / bg. It says this have to be of type GdkColor,
but I can't find this class anywhere.
Plus, can anyone explain me the utility of those parameters, as I don't
understand the need to set a background and a foreground when you fill
every damn pixel with data ...
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Re: telnet read_sb_data
Thank you for your reply. Yes I have read the documentation. But I am not sure what is the SB/SE suboption. Is this a suboption on the remote machine or for Python. Maybe you could be so kind and explain it to me with a little code example. Thany you very much! Arne Dennis Lee Bieber [EMAIL PROTECTED] schrieb im Newsbeitrag news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Thu, 13 Apr 2006 23:45:06 +0200, Arne [EMAIL PROTECTED] declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: 1. What I look for is the option to get only certain parts of the output. It seems to me that the command read_sb_data can do this. The documentation says, that I will get the data between the SB/SE pair. But I don't know how to invoke the SE command in Unix. Even I don't know the SE command. Did you read the full documentation? SB/SE are suboption begin/end, and there is also mention of a callback. The ONLY other entry in telnetlib that mentions callbacks is the one for negotiating telnet options. read_sb_data( ) Return the data collected between a SB/SE pair (suboption begin/end). The callback should access these data when it was invoked with a SE command. This method never blocks. set_option_negotiation_callback( callback) Each time a telnet option is read on the input flow, this callback (if set) is called with the following parameters : callback(telnet socket, command (DO/DONT/WILL/WONT), option). No other action is done afterwards by telnetlib. Using os.stat(path) doesen't work on XP, I am always getting a 0 return No surprise -- os.stat can only access files mounted on the local machine. Telnet is remote /terminal/ connection. You'll have to behave like a terminal... How would you, as a user at a terminal, know when any command had finished? Probably by seeing a console prompt... Try read_until( expected[, timeout]) Read until a given string, expected, is encountered or until timeout seconds have passed. When no match is found, return whatever is available instead, possibly the empty string. Raise EOFError if the connection is closed and no cooked data is available. You'll have to know what the prompt string will be... -- == [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Wulfraed Dennis Lee Bieber KD6MOG [EMAIL PROTECTED] | Bestiaria Support Staff == Home Page: http://www.dm.net/~wulfraed/ Overflow Page: http://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
%g not the same as %e or %f
According to the docs, %g formatting is Same as e if exponent is greater than -4 or less than precision, f otherwise. So I would expect that for any num, '%g'%num == '%e'%num or '%g'%num == '%f'%num. But this is not the case in fact: Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. In [1]: num = 1234567898.2345678945 In [2]: print %g\n%e\n%f % (num,num,num) 1.23457e+009 1.234568e+009 1234567898.234568 In [3]: num = 1234.456789 In [4]: print %g\n%e\n%f % (num,num,num) 1234.46 1.234457e+003 1234.456789 So I'm wondering if the docs are wrong or the implementation is wrong or there's something I don't understand? Thanks, Kent -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Kross - Start of a Unified Scripting Approach
Jerry wrote: Kind of like AppleScript then? Same fundamental goal, i.e. language-independent application scripting. They seem to have a similar sort of approach to decoupling a scripting language from its host application (Kross::API::ScriptManager vs. the Open Scripting Architecture API) but a very different approach to the intercommunication part. Kross appears to create native language wrappers for the application's public (C++) classes; nothing fancy, but pretty straightforward. Mac apps use serialised procedure calls containing first-class queries and other arguments to describe the action to perform and the application object(s) to use in that action. A query engine in the application framework (e.g. Cocoa Scripting) locates the actual object(s) and applies the appropriate action to them. Much higher level of abstraction and a lot more sophisticated, though it can be a bit tricky for application developers to implement (for the same reason). Plus I get the impression that Kross doesn't do interprocess yet although it's on the cards, presumably using something like proxy objects and dbus to provide the bridge. With Macs you only need OSA for intraprocess communication; the Apple Event Manager, which handles the messaging part, can pass messages between processes as well. Sorry, just starting to learn about some of this stuff (CLI, CLR, CIL, etc...) and am interested in understanding better. As far as how the Mac does it, here's an old but good paper on the basic principles involved if you want to know more: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/wcook/papers/AppleScript/AppleScript95.pdf I couldn't find a nice, simple overview of the Kross system. You should be able to form a rough impression from reading through the following links, although some better examples of calling Kexi from scripts would help: http://wiki.kde.org/tiki-index.php?page=kross http://www.kexi-project.org/wiki/wikiview/index.php?Scripting http://www.kexi-project.org/docs/cvs-api/html/namespaceKross.html HTH -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: nested functions
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hi just curious , if i have a code like this? def a(): def b(): print b def c(): print c how can i call c() ?? c is a name in the local scope of a(). You can call c from within a, where the name is in scope, or you can return c or in some other way make the value available in some other scope: In [5]: def a(): ...: def c(): ...: print 'called c' ...: c() ...: return c ...: In [6]: cc=a() called c In [7]: cc() called c Kent -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: nested functions
On 14 Apr 2006 04:37:54 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: def a(): def b(): print b def c(): print c how can i call c() ?? Function c() is not meant to be called from outside function a(). That's what a nested function is for: localizing it's usage and prevent cluttering the global namespace Szabi -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: GdkColor : the phantom class ?
I found an answer : color = gtk.gdk.Color() and then use color for fg et bg -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list.clear() missing?!?
On 2006-04-14, Sergei Organov [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dennis Lee Bieber [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: It always means bind... But if the LHS is a mutable object, AND you have specified a component of that object, it is the component that is being rebound... lst[:] = [] [...] Me gets corrected, thanks. Now I need to unroll my mind somewhat back to figure out when and why I started to believe it sometimes assigns ;) I used to think it assigned with things like integers, because if you write: a = 5 b = a b += 1 print a a is still 5. So it looked like a and b stored values and b got a copy of a's value. But this is the wrong interpretation, b += 1 is really b = b + 1, and rebinds b. You can see what's really going on if you use the id() function on a and b during these operations. The other reason for the confusion is that I think in Java a variable either stores a value, in the case of numbers, or a reference in the case of objects (or a copy-on-write reference, which behaves like a value, in the case of strings). In Python it's better to think of it as always a reference, and to think in terms of immutable vs. mutable objects that are referred to. If it weren't for the id() function I think the difference between variable stores value, variable stores immutable reference and variable stores copy-on-write reference would be implementation detail and never visible to the programmer. That's why it's easy to be confused-- most of the time these interpretations are equivalent, so it doesn't matter which you work with. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: requestion regarding regular expression
Kelie wrote:
Hello,
I'm trying to analyze some autolisp code with python. In the file to
be analyzed there are many functions. Each function begins with a
defun statement. And before that, there may or may not have comment
line(s), which begins with ;. My goal is to export each function
into separate files, with comments, if there is any. Below is the code
that I'm struggling with:
[code]
path = C:\\AutoCAD\\LSP\\Sub.lsp
string = file(path, 'r').read()
import re
pat = \\;+.+\\n\\(DEFUN
p = re.compile(pat,re.I)
iterator = p.finditer(string)
spans = [match.span() for match in iterator]
for i in range(min(15, len(spans))):
print string[spans[i][0]:spans[i][1]]
[/code]
The code above runs fine. But it only takes care of the situation in
which there is exactly one comment line above the defun statement.
ISTM you don't need regex here, a simple line processor will work.
Something like this (untested):
path = C:\\AutoCAD\\LSP\\Sub.lsp
lines = open(path).readlines()
# Find the starts of all the functions
starts = [i for i, line in enumerate(lines) if line.startswith('(DEFUN')]
# Check for leading comments
for i, start in starts:
while start 0 and lines[start-1].startswith(';'):
starts[i] = start = start-1
# Now starts should be a list of line numbers for the start of each function
Kent
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Re: List of all syntactic sugar?
That kind of depends on what you mean by syntactic sugar. For instance, I wouldn't call any of your examples syntactic sugar. AFAIK that is exactly what syntactic sugar means. Apart from non-strictness, all syntax can be expressed by function application. Even foo.bar() is nothing but bar(self) So - he used the term right I'd say. Regards, Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Searching and MySQL module stuff
Thx for the help in finding the search page for this mailing list!! BartlebyScrivener pointed me to the right place. From there http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python , I found what I needed I also discovered I can load mysql-python on my mac fairly easily, if I use Darwin Ports. http://darwinports.opendarwin.org/ Rock and roll! Thx all! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Loop with float increments (frange)?
Hi! what's the standard way for a for loop with float increments? Anton -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
IMPORTANT 2.5 API changes for C Extension Modules and Embedders
If you don't write or otherwise maintain Python Extension Modules written in C (or C++) or embed Python in your application, you can stop reading. Python 2.5 alpha 1 was released April 5, 2006. The second alpha should be released in a few weeks. There are several changes which can cause C extension modules or embedded applications to crash the interpreter if not fixed. Periodically, I will send out these reminders with updated information until 2.5 is released. * support for 64-bit sequences (eg, 2GB strings) * memory allocation modifications 64-bit changes -- There are important changes that are in 2.5 to support 64-bit systems. The 64-bit changes can cause Python to crash if your module is not upgraded to support the changes. Python was changed internally to use 64-bit values on 64-bit machines for indices. If you've got a machine with more than 16 GB of RAM, it would be great if you can test Python with large ( 2GB) strings and other sequences. For more details about the Python 2.5 schedule: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0356/ For more details about the 64-bit change: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0353/ How to fix your module: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0353/#conversion-guidelines The effbot wrote a program to check your code and find potential problems with the 64-bit APIs. http://svn.effbot.python-hosting.com/stuff/sandbox/python/ssizecheck.py Memory Allocation Modifications --- In previous versions of Python, it was possible to use different families of APIs (PyMem_* vs. PyObject_*) to allocate and free the same block of memory. APIs in these families include: PyMem_*:PyMem_Malloc, PyMem_Realloc, PyMem_Free, PyObject_*: PyObject_Malloc, PyObject_Realloc, PyObject_Free There are a few other APIs with similar names and also the macro variants. In 2.5, if allocate a block of memory with one family, you must reallocate or free with the same family. That means: If you allocate with PyMem_Malloc (or MALLOC), you must reallocate with PyMem_Realloc (or REALLOC) and free with PyMem_Free (or FREE). If you allocate with PyObject_Malloc (or MALLOC), you must reallocate with PyObject_Realloc (or REALLOC) and free with PyObject_Free (or FREE). Using inconsistent APIs can cause double frees or otherwise crash the interpreter. It is fine to mix and match functions or macros within the same family. Please test and upgrade your extension modules! Cheers, n -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Kross - Start of a Unified Scripting Approach
Awesome, thanks for the explaination. It was very informative. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: best way to install python modules on linux
Hi Harry, * Harry George [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Fabian Braennstroem [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Hi, I am pretty new to python and will use it mainly in combination with scientific packages. I am running ubuntu breezy right now and see that some packages are out of date. Do you have any suggestion, how I can get/keep the latest python modules (e.g. scipy, numpy,...) on my ubuntu system? I.e. does there exist any script/program, which downloads and installs automatically the latest stable releases of selected modules? It would be nice, if the program can remove the installed modules, too!? Or would it be easier to stick to apt/deb and create own packages ... Greetings! Fabian I find it helpful to leave the as-delivered Python (e.g., /usr/bin/python) as-is. It is being used to run your basic Linux system. Screwing around with it can have nasty side effects. Instead I build a new one at /usr/local, give it a unique name, and upgrade/hack that one to my heart's content. E.g., if the base system is using Python 2.2, you can be running Python 2.4 as /usr/local/bin/py24, and add all the numerical packages you wish at use/local/lib/python2.4/site-packages. Also, make sure root doesn't have /usr/local/bin on its PATH (which is a good rule anyway). Maybe, I should consider this, too. Thanks! Greetings! Fabian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why new Python 2.5 feature class C() return old-style class ?
Aahz a écrit : In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Felipe Almeida Lessa [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Em Ter, 2006-04-11 Ã s 07:17 -0700, Aahz escreveu: Can, yes. But should it? The whole point of adding the () option to classes was to ease the learning process for newbies who don't understand why classes have a different syntax from functions. Having class C(): pass behave differently from class C: pass would be of no benefit for that purpose. Why should a newbie use an old-style class? Because that's the default. Because lots of existing code still uses classic classes, so you need to learn them anyway. Because you can't use new-style classes in code intended for 2.1 or earlier; because of the changes made in 2.3, I don't particularly recommend new-style classes for 2.2. Because even the second edition of _Learning Python_ (targeted at Python 2.3) doesn't cover new-style classes much, so I'm certainly not alone in believing that new-style classes are better avoided for newbies. Well, old-style classes are perfect to confuse the newbie. After all, there's nothing like adding a property in a class and wondering why it does not work as expected. What would be a language without horrible pitfalls ? Newbies would have it easy and they have no right for an easy language ! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
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Re: %g not the same as %e or %f
Kent Johnson wrote: According to the docs, %g formatting is Same as e if exponent is greater than -4 or less than precision, f otherwise. So I would expect that for any num, '%g'%num == '%e'%num or '%g'%num == '%f'%num. But this is not the case in fact: Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. In [1]: num = 1234567898.2345678945 In [2]: print %g\n%e\n%f % (num,num,num) 1.23457e+009 1.234568e+009 1234567898.234568 In [3]: num = 1234.456789 In [4]: print %g\n%e\n%f % (num,num,num) 1234.46 1.234457e+003 1234.456789 So I'm wondering if the docs are wrong or the implementation is wrong or there's something I don't understand? format != result. the phrase same format refers to decimal format vs. exponential format (see the descriptions of %e and %f in the same table), not the contents of the output string. (both formats use the same precision value, but %g interprets it as number of significant digits, while %f and %e interprets it as number of decimals). the C standard uses the word style instead: e) The double argument shall be converted in the style [-]d.ddde±dd, where there is one digit before the radix character (which is non-zero if the argument is non-zero) and the number of digits after it is equal to the precision /.../ f) The double argument shall be converted to decimal notation in the style [-]ddd.ddd, where the number of digits after the radix character is equal to the precision specification /.../ g) The double argument shall be converted in the style f or e (or in the style F or E in the case of a G conversion specifier), with the precision specifying the number of significant digits /.../ /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Upgrading and modules
Are you saying you're on Windows? If so, try: http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePython/ It's a one-click, msi install with everything you need for win32, including IDE etc. Only thing to watch for is that sometimes the msi file won't install from a logical drive other than c:\. So if you get a file access error or something, copy the install file to the root of your c:\ drive and double-click on it. I'm sure someone else will come along with advice for the Python.org installation. rick -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: telnet read_sb_data
On 2006-04-14, Arne [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Yes I have read the documentation. But I am not sure what is the SB/SE suboption. Is this a suboption on the remote machine or for Python. Maybe you could be so kind and explain it to me with a little code example. SB/SE are used for telnet protocol option negotation for telnet protocol options that are more complicated that just on/off. It has absolutely nothing to do with what you're trying to do. For more info, read the RFC on the telnet protocol option negotiation: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc855.html Here's another decent article: http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~jphb/comms/telnet.html -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! .. I at feel... JUGULAR... visi.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: nested functions
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: just curious , if i have a code like this? def a(): def b(): print b def c(): print c how can i call c() ?? in the same way as you'd access the variable c in this example: def a(): c = 10 (that is, by calling the function and accessing the local variable c from the inside. in both cases, c lives in the local namespace, and doesn't exist at all unless you call the function). /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
zlib and zip files
Hi, I need to decompress zip archive. I wrote a parser of zip file, i obtain the compressed data, but when i call zlib.decompress(data) on them, it throws this error: decbuf = decompressor.decompress(compressed_data) error: Error -3 while decompressing: unknown compression method I try to compress by zlib the same data which are in that file, the result was 6 bytes bigger, '\x78\xda' on begin and '\xc9\x1f\x87\x0b' on end when i tried to put this extending data to zlib decompressor, it decompress some files of zip archive, but it fails, when i try to decompress 100MB file from archive could you help, please? thanks Honza -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
zlib zip files
Hi, I need to decompress zip archive. I wrote a parser of zip file, i obtain the compressed data, but when i call zlib.decompress(data) on them, it throws this error: decbuf = decompressor.decompress(compressed_data) error: Error -3 while decompressing: unknown compression method I try to compress by zlib the same data which are in that file, the result was 6 bytes bigger, '\x78\xda' on begin and '\xc9\x1f\x87\x0b' on end when i tried to put this extending data to zlib decompressor, it decompress some files of zip archive, but it fails, when i try to decompress 100MB file from archive could you help, please? thanks Honza -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: nested functions
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] hi just curious , if i have a code like this? def a(): def b(): print b def c(): print c how can i call c() ?? Your function 'a' is it's own little world where functions 'b' and 'c' exist. Your code inside 'a' can call 'b' or 'c' - neat as you please. BUT 'b' and 'c' simply do not exist outside the 'a' world. This is perfect because you are in control - building worlds according to your own design. Had it not been your intention to hide 'b' and 'c', you would not have isolated them in this manner inside of 'a' . I, for one, am so glad to have nested functions again ;-) Thomas Bartkus -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Loop with float increments (frange)?
On 14 Apr 2006 06:11:38 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: what's the standard way for a for loop with float increments? Use a while loop instead: f = initial_value while f = final_value: process(f) f = f + increment Note that there is no general guarantee that f will actually be final_value; see also http://docs.python.org/tut/node16.html. Regards, Dan -- Dan Sommers http://www.tombstonezero.net/dan/ I wish people would die in alphabetical order. -- My wife, the genealogist -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: nested functions
Thomas Bartkus wrote: I, for one, am so glad to have nested functions again ;-) again ? Python has always supported nested functions. it's the scoping rules that have changed; before the change from LGB to LEGB, you had to explictly import objects from outer scopes. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Loop with float increments (frange)?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi! what's the standard way for a for loop with float increments? AFAIK there is no, but you should be easily able to write an frange yourself: def frange(from, to, step): while from to: yield from from += step for x in frange(10.5, 23.4, 0.3): print x Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 359: The make Statement
Duncan Booth wrote:
Steven Bethard wrote:
Should users of the make statement be able to determine in which dict
object the code is executed? The make statement could look for a
``__make_dict__`` attribute and call it to allow things like::
make Element html:
make Element body:
make Element h1:
'''First heading text'''
make Element h1:
'''Second heading text'''
[snip]
There is another effect which should be considered here. If you allow
Element to create an object to be used as the namespace, then as well as
doing special tracking when values are set in the namespace it can also
pre-seed it with names which magically appear in scope within the make.
e.g.
make Element html:
make Element body:
make Element p:
text('But this ')
make Element strong:
text('could')
text(' be made to work')
This is nice. I'll have to play around with it a bit to see how hard it
would be to make it work.
STeVe
--
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Embedding python and multiple separate scripts
Hi,
I'm trying to embed python into an chat bot I've made in c++. After
googling around and reading docs for almost a day I have a few
questions. First of all it seems like the best way to be able to run
separate scripts in different, isolated environments is to create a
sub-interpreter (by using Py_NewInterprete()) with an associated thread
for each script/file. Or is this wrong?
The big problem I have is when I want to call a python function. When
loading a script I use the following code:
PyEval_AcquireLock(); // get global lock so we can create a new interpreter
threadState = Py_NewInterpreter(); // create a new sub-interpreter and
get a pointer to the first thread
PyThreadState_Swap(threadState); // switch to our new thread state
appModule = PyImport_AddModule(hostapp); // create a module for this
program
PyModule_AddIntConstant(appModule, SEVENTEEN, 17); // set a test constant
FILE* fp = fopen(filename, r); // load the python script file
PyRun_SimpleFile(fp, filename);
fclose(fp);
PyEval_ReleaseThread(threadState); // set current thread state to NULL
and release global lock
When loading a script that contains:
import hostapp
print test: ,hostapp.SEVENTEEN
it prints out test: 17 nicely after the call to PyRun_SimpleFile(...).
So far so good, but the problem starts when I try to call a python
function from c++. Here's the code that isn't working:
PyEval_AcquireThread(threadState);
PyObject* func = PyDict_GetItemString(PyImport_GetModuleDict(),
testfunc);
if(PyCallable_Check(func)) {
// never get this far
}
PyEval_ReleaseThread(threadState);
PyDict_GetItemString always return NULL for me, although I've defined
the function as:
def testfunc():
print hi there
in the python file. Running PyRun_SimpleString(testfunc()\n) just
after PyEval_AcquireThread() works like a charm though. Any ideas? I
kinda get the feeling that I don't get the dict from
PyImport_GetModuleDict() that I'm expecting.
Thanks in advance..
/Stefan
--
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Re: zlib and zip files
Jan Prochazka wrote: Hi, I need to decompress zip archive. I wrote a parser of zip file, i obtain the compressed data, but when i call zlib.decompress(data) on them, it throws this error: decbuf = decompressor.decompress(compressed_data) error: Error -3 while decompressing: unknown compression method I try to compress by zlib the same data which are in that file, the result was 6 bytes bigger, '\x78\xda' on begin and '\xc9\x1f\x87\x0b' on end when i tried to put this extending data to zlib decompressor, it decompress some files of zip archive, but it fails, when i try to decompress 100MB file from archive could you help, please? The zlib module is for reading and writing the gzip compression format, used by the gzip program; it is not the same as a zip archive a la PKZip. The zipfile module will let you read and write zip archives. - Michael -- mouse, n: a device for pointing at the xterm in which you want to type. -- Fortune Visit me on the Web: http://www.elehack.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: requestion regarding regular expression
Kent,
Running
path = d:/emacs files/emacsinit.txt
lines = open(path).readlines()
# my defun lines are lowercase,
# next two lines are all on one
starts = [i for i, line in enumerate(lines) if
line.startswith('(defun')]
for i, start in starts:
while start 0 and lines[start-1].startswith(';'):
starts[i] = start = start-1
print starts
I get
File D:\Python\findlines.py, line 7, in __main__
for i, start in starts:
TypeError: unpack non-sequence
Also, I don't understand the i for i, but I don't understand a lot of
things yet :)
thanks,
rick
--
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Re: requestion regarding regular expression
Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 07:47 -0700, BartlebyScrivener escreveu:
starts = [i for i, line in enumerate(lines) if
line.startswith('(defun')]
This line makes a list of integers. enumerate gives you a generator that
yields tuples consisting of (integer, object), and by i for i, line
you unpack the tuple into (i, line) and pick just i.
for i, start in starts:
Here you try to unpack the elements of the list starts into (i,
start), but as we saw above the list contains just i, so an exception
is raised.
I don't know what you want, but...
starts = [i, line for i, line in enumerate(lines) if
line.startswith('(defun')]
or
starts = [x for x in enumerate(lines) if x[1].startswith('(defun')]
...may (or may not) solve your problem.
--
Felipe.
--
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Re: zlib and zip files
Michael Ekstrand napsal(a):
Jan Prochazka wrote:
Hi,
I need to decompress zip archive. I wrote a parser of zip file, i obtain
the compressed data, but when i call zlib.decompress(data) on them,
it throws this error:
decbuf = decompressor.decompress(compressed_data)
error: Error -3 while decompressing: unknown compression method
I try to compress by zlib the same data which are in that file, the
result was 6 bytes bigger, '\x78\xda' on begin and '\xc9\x1f\x87\x0b'
on end
when i tried to put this extending data to zlib decompressor, it
decompress some files of zip archive, but it fails, when i try to
decompress 100MB file from archive
could you help, please?
The zlib module is for reading and writing the gzip compression
format, used by the gzip program; it is not the same as a zip archive
a la PKZip. The zipfile module will let you read and write zip archives.
- Michael
Yes, zipfile can read zip format, but i need to read nad write big files
to zip archive, and zipfile.ZipFile object can only write or read
strings stored in memory. (i need the ZipFile.read() method to return
file-like object, not string). also any variant of write method don't
accpet file-like object
The gzip compressor and decompressor can work on the fly , but the
format that it produces is a bit other than the format of compressed
data zipfile (but it differs only in 6 bytes described, so i think, it
shoud by possible to create and parse zipfile only using zlib module).
Here is my module for parsing zip files:
import struct, zlib
class ZipHeaderEntry:
name = ''
offset = 0
uncomlen = 0
comlen = 0
class ZipStream:
entries = []
fd = None # file like object
def __init__(self, fd):
self.fd = fd
self.entries = []
class ZipWriteStream(ZipStream):
pass
class ZipReadStream(ZipStream):
cbytesleft = 0
ubytesleft = 0
dec = None # decompress object
decbuf = None
writed_footer = False
def __init__(self, fd):
ZipStream.__init__(self, fd)
self.read_directory()
def open_entry(self, entry):
self.fd.seek(entry.offset)
self.dec = zlib.decompressobj()
self.ubytesleft = entry.uncomlen
self.cbytesleft = entry.comlen
print 'ubytes=', self.ubytesleft, 'cbytes=', self.cbytesleft
self.read_header()
self.dec.decompress('\x78\xda', 0) # patch bytes on the begin of
compressed buffer
self.decbuf = ''
self.writed_footer = False
def decompress_next(self):
assert len(self.decbuf) == 0
rbytes = 0x1000
if rbytes self.cbytesleft: rbytes = self.cbytesleft
udata = self.fd.read(rbytes)
self.cbytesleft -= rbytes
self.decbuf = self.dec.decompress(udata)
if self.cbytesleft == 0 and not self.writed_footer:
self.decbuf += self.dec.decompress('\xc9\x1f\x87\x0b') #
patch bytes on the end of compressed buffer
self.writed_footer = True
def read(self, bytes = None):
if bytes is None: bytes = self.ubytesleft
if bytes self.ubytesleft: bytes = self.ubytesleft
res = ''
while bytes 0:
s = self.decbuf[:bytes]
self.decbuf = self.decbuf[bytes:]
self.ubytesleft -= len(s)
res += s
bytes -= len(s)
if bytes 0:
self.decompress_next()
return res
def open_file(self, filename):
for entry in self.entries:
if entry.name.upper() == filename.upper():
return self.open_entry(entry)
raise Exception('File not found in archive: %s' % filename)
def read_header(self):
hdr = self.fd.read(0x1E)
hdrvalues = struct.unpack('=HLLLHH', hdr)
sigp, sigk, sig3, sig4, ver, flag, method, tm, dt, crc, uncsize,
comsize, fnlen, extlen = hdrvalues
assert sigp == 'P' and sigk == 'K' and sig3 == '\x03' and sig4
== '\x04'
name = self.fd.read(fnlen)
extra = self.fd.read(extlen)
print name
def read_directory(self):
self.fd.seek(0, 2)
size = self.fd.tell()
dpos = 0x1000
if dpos size: dpos = size
self.fd.seek(-dpos, 1)
enddata = self.fd.read()
index = enddata.find('PK\x05\x06')
assert index = 0
enddata = enddata[index: index + 0x16]
sig, ndisk, ndiskc, entriesdisk, entries, dirsize, dirofs,
comlen = struct.unpack('=LLLH', enddata)
self.fd.seek(dirofs)
for i in xrange(entries):
cdirdata = self.fd.read(0x2E)
hdrvalues = struct.unpack('=LLLLHLL', cdirdata)
(sig, vermade, hosts, verex, osver, flag, method, dt, tm, crc,
csize, uncsize, fnlen, extlen, comlen, disknum, fileattr,
extattr, fileofs) = hdrvalues
name = self.fd.read(fnlen)
extra = self.fd.read(extlen)
Re: zlib and zip files
Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 17:14 +0200, Jan Prochazka escreveu: Here is my module for parsing zip files: 1) Have you checked the source of Python's zipfile module? import struct, zlib class ZipHeaderEntry: name = '' offset = 0 uncomlen = 0 comlen = 0 2) You know that those variables are *class* vars, not instance vars, right? 3) I didn't read your code, but have you considered http://pyconstruct.sourceforge.net/ ? -- Felipe. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating command switches from a data file - have a working solution but it seems inefficient
News wrote:
Hi everyone,
My goal is to pull command switches/options from a file and then assign
the values to select variables which would eventually be included in a
class object.
The data file looks something like this but the switches could be in any
order and not all may be used.
-m quemanager -s server -p port -k key -o object -c 20 -t [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Also, please keep in mind that the source code will have more than one
line in it and each has to be treaded separately.
In a first pass, I wrote the following code which works but there is
probably a better way of doing it.
Any ideas to make it more efficient/stream-lined would be greatly
appreciated.
#!/usr/bin/python
import string
inp = open(const.txt,r)
#
# Read File
#
while True:
#
# Get line from file
#
line=inp.readline()
#
# Check for EOF or break line up to extract relevant pieces
#
if len(line) == 0:
break
else:
split_line=line.split()
length=len(split_line)
count=0
#
# Evaluate list item and assign variable based on its contents
# Print statements are for debugging purposes only
#
for i in range(length):
if split_line[count] == -m:
qmgr=split_line[count+1]
print Queue Manager,qmgr;
elif split_line[count] == -s:
server=split_line[count+1]
print Server,server;
elif split_line[count] == -p:
port=split_line[count+1]
print Port,port;
elif split_line[count] == -o:
object=split_line[count+1]
print Object,object;
elif split_line[count] == -k:
key=split_line[count+1]
print Key,key;
elif split_line[count] == -t:
mto=split_line[count+1]
print To,mto;
elif split_line[count] == -c:
check=split_line[count+1]
print Check,check;
elif split_line[count] == -d:
report=
print Report,report;
elif split_line[count] == -q:
display=False
print Display,display;
else:
continue
count=count+1
# Close input file
#
inp.close()
Others have addressed your specific question. I'm going to make
a different suggestion. Change your thinking so that you can use
ConfigParser to get your values from a .INI/.CONF file instead.
The file would look something like:
[section001]
m=queuemanager
server=myserver
port=1080
key=somekey
object=someobject
c=20
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
[section002]
.
. If you have many of these just put things in a loop
. and process each section
.
You can then read with (not tested):
import ConfigParser
inifilename='program.ini'
INI=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
INI.read(inifilename)
section='section001'
option='m'
try: m=INI.get(section, option)
except: m=None
option='server'
try: server=INI.get(section, option)
except: server=None
option='port'
try: port=INI.getint(section, option)
except: port=None # Or set to default port
option='key'
try: key=INI.get(section, option)
except: key=None
option='object'
try: object=INI.get(section, option)
except: object=None
option='c'
try: c=INI.getint(section, option)
except: c=None
option='emailtolist'
try: emailtolist=INI.get(section, option).split(';')
except: emailtolist=None
Just a suggestion.
-Larry Bates
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Loop with float increments (frange)?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] what's the standard way for a for loop with float increments? [Dan Sommers] Use a while loop instead: f = initial_value while f = final_value: process(f) f = f + increment Note that there is no general guarantee that f will actually be final_value; see also http://docs.python.org/tut/node16.html. There's no guarantee that the `while` loop will execute the expected number of times either, and it's generally a Bad Idea to do f += increment inside the loop: the value of f suffers an additional rounding error on each iteration that way, potentially making it drift away from the expected value more more as the loop goes on. Standard careful numeric practice is this way: n = compute the number of iterations you want to make in total for i in xrange(n): process(initial_value + i * increment) Then each value computed suffers a total of only two rounding errors (one for the multiply, one for the add), independent of how large `n` may be, and doesn't get worse as the loop goes on. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 359: The make Statement
Steven Bethard wrote:
Duncan Booth wrote:
Steven Bethard wrote:
Should users of the make statement be able to determine in which dict
object the code is executed? The make statement could look for a
``__make_dict__`` attribute and call it to allow things like::
make Element html:
make Element body:
make Element h1:
'''First heading text'''
make Element h1:
'''Second heading text'''
[snip]
There is another effect which should be considered here. If you allow
Element to create an object to be used as the namespace, then as well
as doing special tracking when values are set in the namespace it can
also pre-seed it with names which magically appear in scope within the
make.
e.g.
make Element html:
make Element body:
make Element p:
text('But this ')
make Element strong:
text('could')
text(' be made to work')
This is nice. I'll have to play around with it a bit to see how hard it
would be to make it work.
Okay, I think it'll work[1]. I'm going to update this section to
something more like:
Open Issues
===
...
Should users of the make statement be able to determine in which dict
object the code is executed? This would allow the make statement to
be used in situations where a normal dict object would not suffice,
e.g. if order and repeated names must be allowed. Allowing this sort
of customization could allow XML to be written like::
make Element html:
make Element body:
text('before first h1')
make Element h1:
attrib(style='first')
text('first h1')
tail('after first h1')
make Element h1:
attrib(style='second')
text('second h1')
tail('after second h1')
assert etree.ElementTree.tostring(body) == '''\
html\
body\
before first h1\
h1 style=firstfirst h1/h1\
after first h1\
h1 style=secondsecond h1/h1\
after second h1\
/body\
/html\
'''
Assuming that the make statement calls the callable's
``__make_dict__`` to get the dict in which to execute the code, the
following should make the above make statements work::
class Element(object):
class __make_dict__(dict):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self._super = super(Element.__make_dict__, self)
self._super.__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.elements = []
self.text = None
self.tail = None
self.attrib = {}
def __getitem__(self, name):
try:
return self._super.__getitem__(name)
except KeyError:
if name in ['attrib', 'text', 'tail']:
return getattr(self, 'set_%s' % name)
else:
return globals()[name]
def __setitem__(self, name, value):
self._super.__setitem__(name, value)
self.elements.append(value)
def set_attrib(self, **kwargs):
self.attrib = kwargs
def set_text(self, text):
self.text = text
def set_tail(self, text):
self.tail = text
def __new__(cls, name, args, edict):
get_element = etree.ElementTree.Element
result = get_element(name, attrib=edict.attrib)
result.text = edict.text
result.tail = edict.tail
for element in edict.elements:
result.append(element)
return result
[1] Here's the code I used to test it.
def make(callable, name, args, block_string):
... try:
... make_dict = callable.__make_dict__
... except AttributeError:
... make_dict = dict
... block_dict = make_dict()
... exec block_string in block_dict
... return callable(name, args, block_dict)
...
class Element(object):
... class __make_dict__(dict):
... def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
... self._super = super(Element.__make_dict__, self)
... self._super.__init__(*args, **kwargs)
... self.elements = []
... self.text = None
... self.tail = None
... self.attrib = {}
... def __getitem__(self, name):
... try:
... return self._super.__getitem__(name)
... except KeyError:
... if name in ['attrib', 'text', 'tail']:
... return getattr(self, 'set_%s' % name)
... else:
... return globals()[name]
... def __setitem__(self, name, value):
... self._super.__setitem__(name, value)
... self.elements.append(value)
...
Re: jpype and zxJDBC
I haven't compared them, and you may be exacly right. Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python editing with emacs/wordstar key bindings.
Yes, thanks. I was just going to reinstall anyway. That usually fixes it. Rick -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 359: The make Statement
Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 09:31 -0600, Steven Bethard escreveu: [1] Here's the code I used to test it. def make(callable, name, args, block_string): ... try: ... make_dict = callable.__make_dict__ ... except AttributeError: ... make_dict = dict ... block_dict = make_dict() ... exec block_string in block_dict ... return callable(name, args, block_dict) ... (snip) I think it would be nice not to put those and ... to make copy and paste easier. Okay, I know we can do .join(line[4:] for line in text), but that's just my humble opinion. -- Felipe. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: zlib and zip files
Felipe Almeida Lessa napsal(a): Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 17:14 +0200, Jan Prochazka escreveu: Here is my module for parsing zip files: 1) Have you checked the source of Python's zipfile module? Nice, i thought, that zipfile is written in C, it should be possible to solve my problem using these sources, thanks very much import struct, zlib class ZipHeaderEntry: name = '' offset = 0 uncomlen = 0 comlen = 0 2) You know that those variables are *class* vars, not instance vars, right? yes i know, i use the fact, that class variables are implicit values for instance variables (also it is my style of documenting used instance variables and their types) 3) I didn't read your code, but have you considered http://pyconstruct.sourceforge.net/ ? i use python standard module struct, which solves it -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: requestion regarding regular expression
BartlebyScrivener wrote:
Kent,
Running
path = d:/emacs files/emacsinit.txt
lines = open(path).readlines()
# my defun lines are lowercase,
# next two lines are all on one
starts = [i for i, line in enumerate(lines) if
line.startswith('(defun')]
for i, start in starts:
while start 0 and lines[start-1].startswith(';'):
starts[i] = start = start-1
print starts
I get
File D:\Python\findlines.py, line 7, in __main__
for i, start in starts:
TypeError: unpack non-sequence
Sorry, should be
for i, start in enumerate(starts):
start is a specific start line, i is the index of that start line in the
starts array (so the array can be modified in place).
Kent
--
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Including standalone=no in XML declaration
I'm trying to learn about Python and XML. I would like to be able
to add standalone=no to my xml declaration when writing an xml file,
but I am unable to figure out how. So far, I have the following
code:
import xml.dom.minidom
doc2 = xml.dom.minidom.Document()
print doc2.toxml('iso-8859-1')
Which produces the following XML declaration:
?xml version=1.0 encoding=iso-8859-1?
However, my goal is to have the XML declaration look like the following:
?xml version=1.0 encoding=iso-8859-1
standalone=no ?
The following link mentions standalone as a Document class variable,
but I am unsure how to make this work or even if I am on the right
track.
http://epydoc.sourceforge.net/stdlib/private/_xmlplus.dom.minidom.Document-class.html#encoding
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks.
--
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and ... (WAS PEP 359: The make Statement)
Felipe Almeida Lessa wrote: Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 09:31 -0600, Steven Bethard escreveu: [1] Here's the code I used to test it. def make(callable, name, args, block_string): ... try: ... make_dict = callable.__make_dict__ ... except AttributeError: ... make_dict = dict ... block_dict = make_dict() ... exec block_string in block_dict ... return callable(name, args, block_dict) ... (snip) I think it would be nice not to put those and ... to make copy and paste easier. Okay, I know we can do .join(line[4:] for line in text), but that's just my humble opinion. Depends what you're copying and pasting to. In PythonWin, you have to have the ... , so I include it. If you have an editor with block-select, you should just be able to select the appropriate section (ignoring the first four characters). TextPad is one such editor (on Windows), but I'm sure there are many others and hopefully if you're on Unix someone here can let you know what works there. STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list.clear() missing?!?
Raymond, I suspect we're not seeing eye to eye on this issue, but I do appreciate you taking the time and effort. Thank you. My comments follow. On Thu, 13 Apr 2006 09:34:46 -0700, Raymond Hettinger wrote: Both the pros and cons were quipped with abrupt perjoratives so the bullet points could be stated succinctly and with a bit of levity. Humour so often doesn't come across in text -- I didn't see the levity you intended. request is inane -- A generation of python programmers has found list clearing to be like other parts of the language that you get used to very quickly and do not prove to be a problem in practice. The request is in the same category as others which challenge api choices made 16 years ago; in particular, the decision to have compact APIs where the named methods do not duplicate functionality provided by syntax using operators and keywords. The request is less of a bug report and more a rejection of Guido's sense of design and his subsequent experience using his own language. Of course it isn't a bug report. It's a feature request. As for Guido's sense of design, in *this particular instance* I think he got it wrong. That's hardly a rejection of the man's overall design skills. In any case, as the creator of Python, Guido has never seen the language with the eyes of a Python beginner. All the more credit to him for creating a language which is simultaneously friendly to beginners and powerful for experts. But he isn't superhuman, his experience is not the only experience. (True, as BDFL, his experience has the final vote, but that's a whole different kettle of fish.) A bit of searching on Google finds this issue coming up frequently. It seems to me that there is a steady stream of Python programmers asking where's the list clear method?. Perhaps it isn't a monthly occurrence, but it is still very common. That surely suggests that, as powerful as slicing is, people aren't getting the connection between slicing and emptying a list, and even when they do get it, many dislike it. Since there is no evidence that these people are universally stupid, it suggests strongly that the connection is too subtle. Some may protest that the idiom is in the tutorial, that it is obvious once you know slicing and del, but the fact is that many people aren't finding it obvious or self-evident at all -- not even those who have read the tutorial. Here is another possible solution: have the list.clear method be defined this way: def clear(self): print Haven't you read the tutorial? Use del self[:] or self[:] = [] That at least will stop the procession of people asking how to clear a list, and Fredrik won't have to spend his time telling them to read the tutorial. (Hey, if it's good enough for quit and exit... *wink*) A list.clear method will make deleting items from a list more OO, consistent with almost everything else you do to lists, and less procedural. This is especially true if clear() takes an optional index (or two), allowing sections of the list to be cleared, not just the entire list. Don't shoot yourself in the foot here. If you want to advocate list.clear(), then you're hurting your chances by pushing for it to take an optional argument. Essentially, this amounts to an unwillingness to use the del-keyword and to duplicate its functionality with a named method. Deleting names from namespaces is conceptually distinct from deleting components of compound objects like lists, and should be handled differently: objects know their own contents, and can operate on themselves, but they don't know what namespace they live in or what name(s) they are known by. Deleting items from a list should be a case of object, operate on yourself, just like remove, append and so on, and hence should be specified by an object method, not a keyword like del. So you are right: I am uncomfortable having del do double duty to both delete names and operate on the internals of compound objects. It feels wrong to me. If insert were a keyword (as in insert list[i:j], obj) it would feel wrong to me too, and for the same reason. I haven't been using Python for sixteen years, but at six years and counting I'm not exactly a newbie. At first I accepted the del obj[:] idiom implicitly -- the whole language was new to me, and it was no more strange to me than any other Python syntax or idiom. But as I've got more familiar with Python, the sense of two distinct concepts being artificially forced into the same syntax has just gotten stronger. As a pragmatist, I'd be happy to see a bare list.clear() method; that would at least have the advantages of being easy to find with dir(list) and accessible with help(). But as a purist, I really think it needs optional arguments. Make of that what you will. -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Passing a packed C structure to a c module
Hi, Is it possible to define a packed C structure in python and pass it to the c module, or should the wrapper do that ? Regards, Philippe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
instance variable weirdness
Hello, I have written the following script to illustrate a problem in my code: class BaseClass(object): def __init__(self): self.collection = [] class MyClass(BaseClass): def __init__(self, name, collection=[]): BaseClass.__init__(self) self.name = name self.collection = collection if __name__ == '__main__': seq = [] inst = None for i in xrange(5): inst = MyClass(str(i)) inst.collection.append(i) seq.append(inst) inst = None for i in xrange(5): inst = MyClass(str(i)+'~', []) inst.collection.append(i) seq.append(inst) inst = None for i in seq: print Instance '%s'; collection = %s % (i.name, str(i.collection)) The output I get is: Instance '0'; collection = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] Instance '1'; collection = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] Instance '2'; collection = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] Instance '3'; collection = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] Instance '4'; collection = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] Instance '0~'; collection = [0] Instance '1~'; collection = [1] Instance '2~'; collection = [2] Instance '3~'; collection = [3] Instance '4~'; collection = [4] I don't understand why the first loop doesn't give the same result as the second loop. Can somebody enlighten me? Wietse -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Passing a packed C structure to a c module
Philippe Martin wrote: Is it possible to define a packed C structure in python and pass it to the c module, or should the wrapper do that ? You can create a packed structure using string concatenation, and with the help of the struct module. However, this gives you a string object in the end, which you still need to pass into your C library. It is better to fill the struct in the wrapper. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: requestion regarding regular expression
That's it. Thank you! Very instructive.
Final:
path = d:/emacs files/emacsinit.txt
lines = open(path).readlines()
# next two lines all on one
starts = [i for i, line in enumerate(lines) if
line.startswith('(defun')]
for i, start in enumerate(starts):
while start 0 and lines[start-1].startswith(';'):
starts[i] = start = start-1
print starts
--
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Fixing Python instalation in win2000 by hand
Some time ago I bought a newer computer with W2000 already on it so I moved my old drive to it as secondary( python was installed on non primary partition ). Not sure if the .msi installers were broken before, but they are now (on this installation) and the reason I can't move to brand new installation is because I am missing sound drivers. I have copied 3 files from my d:\winnt\system32 (old C:) pywintypes24.dll, pythoncom24.dll (mod 11/10/2004 4:26am) and python24.dll (mod 18/11/2004 6:55pm) As a result I can now run python.exe but not pythonw.exe Is there anything else I need and what, if anything, should be in my PYTHONPATH f:\Python24\Lib ? ?? Although if I type import os it has no problem. Thanks in advance, Sam -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: instance variable weirdness
Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 09:18 -0700, wietse escreveu: def __init__(self, name, collection=[]): Never, ever, use the default as a list. self.collection = collection This will just make a reference of self.collection to the collection argument. inst.collection.append(i) As list operations are done in place, you don't override the self.collection variable, and all instances end up by having the same list object. To solve your problem, change def __init__(self, name, collection=[]): BaseClass.__init__(self) self.name = name self.collection = collection # Will reuse the list to def __init__(self, name, collection=None): BaseClass.__init__(self) self.name = name if collection is None: collection = [] # Will create a new list on every instance self.collection = collection -- Felipe. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: instance variable weirdness
Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 13:30 -0300, Felipe Almeida Lessa escreveu: To solve your problem, change def __init__(self, name, collection=[]): BaseClass.__init__(self) self.name = name self.collection = collection # Will reuse the list to def __init__(self, name, collection=None): BaseClass.__init__(self) self.name = name if collection is None: collection = [] # Will create a new list on every instance self.collection = collection Or if None is valid in your context, do: __marker = object() def __init__(self, name, collection=__marker): BaseClass.__init__(self) self.name = name if collection is __marker: collection = [] # Will create a new list on every instance self.collection = collection -- Felipe. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Passing a packed C structure to a c module
Thanks, It's a pretty big structure: painfull to pass each item as a param. Regards, Philippe Martin v. Löwis wrote: Philippe Martin wrote: Is it possible to define a packed C structure in python and pass it to the c module, or should the wrapper do that ? You can create a packed structure using string concatenation, and with the help of the struct module. However, this gives you a string object in the end, which you still need to pass into your C library. It is better to fill the struct in the wrapper. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 359: The make Statement
Steven Bethard wrote in news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] in comp.lang.python: Open Issues === Does the ``make`` keyword break too much code? Originally, the make statement used the keyword ``create`` (a suggestion due to Nick Coghlan). However, investigations into the standard library [4]_ and Zope+Plone code [5]_ revealed that ``create`` would break a lot more code, so ``make`` was adopted as the keyword instead. However, there are still a few instances where ``make`` would break code. Is there a better keyword for the statement? I don't know wether this has been suggested or not, but what about def: def namespace ns: x = 1 def type blah(object): pass def property x: def get(): return ns.x Rob. -- http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Forms with multiple submit buttons vs 'form' objects with single 'submit' methods
Paul Rubin wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Here's my question: Suppose a form has more than one submit button. Now the COM 'form' object has a 'submit' method that doesn't take any arguments, so how do I tell it which button I want to press? What difference does it make? Don't they all do the same thing? Not in this case, no. If you want to see an example of how the button you press might make a difference, go to www.google.com. What I'm dealing with, basically, is a form consisting of lots of INPUT type=image name=whatever, value=whatever... tags, which is being used purely as a collection of links. However, this arrangement means that they don't appear as links in the document object's links collection. Now in the case of Google, the form contains a pair of 'items' corresponding to the two buttons, and each item has a click method, and so everything works out fine. However, in the page I'm trying to navigate, the form doesn't possess any 'items' whatsoever. Anyway, it's seeming more and more likely to me that the page was specifically designed to prevent anyone doing what I'm trying to do (which is not in any way nefarious, but if I succeeded then it would only take a small modification to make it very destructive indeed.) Hence, I'm giving up. Sorry for the waste of bandwidth. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PEP 359: The make Statement
Felipe Almeida Lessa wrote: Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 09:31 -0600, Steven Bethard escreveu: [1] Here's the code I used to test it. def make(callable, name, args, block_string): ... try: ... make_dict = callable.__make_dict__ ... except AttributeError: ... make_dict = dict ... block_dict = make_dict() ... exec block_string in block_dict ... return callable(name, args, block_dict) ... (snip) I think it would be nice not to put those and ... to make copy and paste easier. Okay, I know we can do .join(line[4:] for line in text), but that's just my humble opinion. Note that there's a special paste in wxPython PyShell, with which you can copy/paste these lines. Nicolas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Passing a packed C structure to a c module
Philippe Martin wrote: It's a pretty big structure: painfull to pass each item as a param. So how else would you like to pass them? Define the API you want, and then just implement it. It still shouldn't require to define the layout in Python. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fixing Python instalation in win2000 by hand
Not sure if the .msi installers were broken before, but they are now (on this installation) Are you installing from c:\ ? With administrator rights? Check other requirements. It chokes if you are installing from another logical drive, e.g., d:\ http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/docs/ActivePython/2.4/installnotes.html rick -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: nested functions
Szabolcs Berecz wrote:
On 14 Apr 2006 04:37:54 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
def a():
def b():
print b
def c():
print c
how can i call c() ??
Function c() is not meant to be called from outside function a().
That's what a nested function is for: localizing it's usage and
prevent cluttering the global namespace
There's actually more than this about Python's nested functions: they
can be returned from the outer function and then carry the environnement
in which they where created:
def trace(func):
fname = func.__name__
def traced(*args, **kw):
print calling func %s with *%s, **%s % (fname, str(args), kw)
try:
result = func(*args, **kw)
except Exception, e:
print %s raised %s % (fname, e)
raise
else:
print %s returned %s % (fname, str(result))
return result
return traced
def test(arg1, arg2='parrot'):
print in test, arg1 is %s % arg1
return arg2 * 3
test = trace(test)
test(42)
--
bruno desthuilliers
python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
--
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Re: Passing a packed C structure to a c module
Well, The call actually is an IOCtl: depending on the control code, the structure has a different format. Although the number of control codes/structures is finite, it would make the wrapper function fairly large. You seem to think that building the structure from python would be a mistake: why is that ? PS: the wrapper also has to work under multiple OSs Regards, Philippe Martin v. Löwis wrote: Philippe Martin wrote: It's a pretty big structure: painfull to pass each item as a param. So how else would you like to pass them? Define the API you want, and then just implement it. It still shouldn't require to define the layout in Python. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Future Warning with Negative Int
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
If I try to print a negative integer as a hexadecimal, I get the
following error:
print %X % -1
__main__:1: FutureWarning: %u/%o/%x/%X of negative int will return a
signed string in Python 2.4 and up
Does that mean that in the future it will say -1 or -?
The future is now:
$ python2.4 -c 'print %X % -1'
-1
Also, how do I suppress this warning?
With the -W option:
$ python2.3 -W ignore -c 'print %X % -1'
or warnings.filterwarnings('ignore').
http://docs.python.org/lib/warning-functions.html
has more on the subject.
Peter
--
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Re: Python editing with emacs/wordstar key bindings.
This is new to me. I did not know that emacs HAD a word star mode. I may have to look at emacs again (last time was 1995). I am still looking for a python editor I like. Yes I used to write asm code in wordstar in nondocument mode. And yes all of the old dos editors used the wordstar keys. Everything by Borland used them. Because of this I still use the 'joe' editor when I am on the command line and cooledit(with wstar like bindings) on X. I like the features on other editors but I need my wstar keys. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: instance variable weirdness
On Fri, 14 Apr 2006 13:30:49 -0300, Felipe Almeida Lessa wrote: Em Sex, 2006-04-14 às 09:18 -0700, wietse escreveu: def __init__(self, name, collection=[]): Never, ever, use the default as a list. Unless you want to use the default as a list. Sometimes you want the default to mutate each time it is used, for example that is a good technique for caching a result: def fact(n, _cache=[1, 1, 2]): Iterative factorial with a cache. try: return _cache[n] except IndexError: start = len(_cache) product = _cache[-1] for i in range(start, n+1): product *= i _cache.append(product) return product -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Writing backwards compatible code
I came across an interesting (as in the Chinese curse) problem today. I had to modify a piece of code using generator expressions written with Python 2.4 in mind to run under version 2.3, but I wanted the code to continue to use the generator expression if possible. My first approach was to use a try...except block to test for generator expressions: try: gen = (something for x in blah) except SyntaxError: def g(): for x in blah: yield something gen = g() This failed to work under 2.3, because the SyntaxError occurs at compile time, and so the try block never happens. I've been burnt by making assumptions before, so I tried a second, similar, approach: if sys.version_info = (2, 4): gen = (something for x in blah) else: # you know the rest As expected, that failed too. The solution which worked was to put the generator expression in a second module, then import that: try: import othermodule except SyntaxError: # fall back code What techniques do others use? -- Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
skip item in list for loop
I am new to python and I love it. I am hacking a file. I want to not print a line if it contains the word 'pmos4_highv'. I also don't want to print the next line. The following code works but it smells bad and just doesn't look right. I was reading about generators. If I was using one, I could do a .next() after the match and get rid of the flags. Any suggestions how I can improve this? inPmos= False inFile = sys.stdin fileList = inFile.readlines() for line in fileList: line = line.rstrip() # Remove PMOS definitions - typically two lines. Screwed if only one and last inst. if inPmos: inPmos = False continue if 'pmos4_highv' in line: inPmos = True continue jr -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fixing Python instalation in win2000 by hand
BartlebyScrivener wrote: Not sure if the .msi installers were broken before, but they are now (on this installation) Are you installing from c:\ ? almost never With administrator rights? pretty sure YES Check other requirements. It chokes if you are installing from another logical drive, e.g., d:\ http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/docs/ActivePython/2.4/installnotes.html rick This problem is not limited to Python, Ja*va.* and MPLab.msi don't work either. It was screwed up by some windows update , and never fixed by any additional updates. Hmmm. I'll try from C: but. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
