Re: OpenOpt install
Hi,
My solution was the correct way to go, IIRC, only a few changes were to be
done so that those files were detected correctly (I think there were some
__init__.py files that were not present this may have to do with the fact
that you add a lot of additional paths in sys.path when you load openopt,
but I already told you we should simplify this).
Matthieu
2007/12/18, dmitrey [EMAIL PROTECTED]:
When earlier OpenOpt versions had been installed there were no
compiled pyc-files (in destination directory). I called to mailing
list but no obvious receipt had been achieved. Matthieu had done some
changes but it yielded other mistakes (no some py-files detected or
kind of), so I had removed those changes and write my own, for to have
OO py-files being compiled when installed, because next time when they
will be run user may not have root permissions, so he will recompile
source files each time OO starts.
On Dec 17, 10:27 pm, Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
dmitrey wrote:
Use
python setup.py install
People should be able to run the distutils commands independently.
What are you trying to achieve with this block of code that follows the
setup()
call?
new_name = 'tmp55'
os.rename('scikits', new_name)
newPath = []
for directory in sys.path:
if not 'scikits' in directory: newPath.append(directory)#
something
wrong with list.remove()
sys.path = newPath
import scikits
reload(scikits)
Path = scikits.__path__[0]
NewPath = os.path.join(Path, 'openopt')
rmtree(NewPath, True) # True means ignore errors
copytree(os.path.join(os.path.curdir, new_name, 'openopt'), NewPath)
NewPath = Path
compileall.compile_dir(NewPath)
os.rename(new_name, 'scikits')
This just looks like a really bad idea.
--
Robert Kern
I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless
enigma
that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though
it had
an underlying truth.
-- Umberto Eco
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
French PhD student
Website : http://matthieu-brucher.developpez.com/
Blogs : http://matt.eifelle.com and http://blog.developpez.com/?blog=92
LinkedIn : http://www.linkedin.com/in/matthieubrucher
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Rounding
if i have a number 6.345 and i wanted it to be 6 without subtracting .345 because it won't always be .345 what do i do? how do i round to the nearest whole number. Or in this case round down. Is there an easy way to round down to the nearest whole number? Never miss a thing. Make Yahoo your home page. http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Text into a label
Hi again. I am trying to get the text of the selection in a list box and put into a variable, which is put into a label. i.e., whatever is selected will show in the label. However, because at the beginning there is nothing in the listbox (and therefore no selection), the tuple returned by curselection() is (), therefore when i try and get() from the linenumber in this tuple, the index is out of range here is the section of the program: box = Listbox(root, bg = '#ebe9ed', relief = 'groove', height = 15) box.grid(row = 2, columnspan = 2, sticky = W+E, padx = 3) box.bind(Double-Button-1, DeleteCurrent) v = StringVar() number = box.curselection() v.set = (box.get(int(number[0]))) print number current = Label(root, textvariable = v) current.grid(row = 3, columnspan = 2, sticky = W+E, padx = 3) and here is the error: Traceback (most recent call last): File C:\My Documents\My Python\Notes.py, line 27, in module v.set = (box.get(int(number[0]))) IndexError: tuple index out of range How can i get it to only take the variable when i have selected something, or any other solution! Thanks, Sam -- I intend to live forever - so far, so good. SaM -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: strptime() in _strptime.py vs lib-dynload/time.so
En Tue, 18 Dec 2007 04:45:25 -0300, [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: On Dec 17, 8:01 pm, Gabriel Genellina [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: En Mon, 17 Dec 2007 01:53:24 -0300, [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: actually, the C-version of strptime() is also getting called: 577650.9600.000 13.9400.000 :0(strptime) that's pretty confusing. Does the Python version call the C-version (or the other way around)? The other way. The strptime function inside the time module (timemodule.c) just calls the strptime function written in Python (_strptime.py). I have no idea why it's so slow in your case. Thanks, that helps. Still I don't understand why the native (C) version isn't available. Perhaps, it's broken under Windows or something. In my test code, strptime() is called approx 60K times (5M times in the real code) and that takes 6 CPU secs. Thus, we get 100 usecs per call. That's much slower than running strptime from command line. Perhaps profiling slows things down. $ python -mtimeit -s 'from time import mktime, strptime' 'mktime(strptime(070501, %y%m%d))' 1 loops, best of 3: 40.4 usec per loop An easy fix in my case is to avoid strptime() altogether: python -mtimeit -s 'from time import mktime; s=070501' 'mktime((int(s[0:2]), int(s[2:4]), int(s[4:6]),0,0,0,0,0,-1))' 10 loops, best of 3: 8.6 usec per loop I think that if your date format is simple enough, parsing it as above may be even faster than using the native strptime. It would be nice to have access to the native version of strptime() for performance reasons. You can see the story of strptime at http://bugs.python.org/issue474274 Looks like a native strptime may not be always present, or unreliable. Perhaps if certain platform has strptime available and it's reliable and produces the right results, at configure time it could be detected and used instead of the pure Python implementation... -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rounding
On 12/15/07, katie smith [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: if i have a number 6.345 and i wanted it to be 6 without subtracting .345 because it won't always be .345 what do i do? how do i round to the nearest whole number. Or in this case round down. Is there an easy way to round down to the nearest whole number? init() ? -- Vladimir Rusinov GreenMice Solutions: IT-решения на базе Linux http://greenmice.info/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OpenOpt install
dmitrey wrote: When earlier OpenOpt versions had been installed there were no compiled pyc-files (in destination directory). I called to mailing list but no obvious receipt had been achieved. Matthieu had done some changes but it yielded other mistakes (no some py-files detected or kind of), so I had removed those changes and write my own, for to have OO py-files being compiled when installed, because next time when they will be run user may not have root permissions, so he will recompile source files each time OO starts. Well, the problem there is that you have put code into subdirectories that aren't packages. Then you manually add the directories to sys.path when you import scikits.openopt.oo . This is a bad thing to do for several reasons; one reason is that you don't get the correct .pyc files. You need to make the directory structure match the package structure. For example, you currently have the module scikits.openopt.LP in scikits/openopt/Kernel/LP/LP.py . You have two options: * you can make the directory structure match the package structure by moving the files to the correct location: $ mv scikits/openopt/Kernel/LP/LP.py scikits/openopt/LP.py * you can make the package structure match the directory structure by adding __init__.py files to the subdirectories and changing the imports to match: $ touch scikits/openopt/Kernel/__init__.py $ touch scikits/openopt/Kernel/LP/__init__.py $ vim scikits/openopt/oo.py # 1. Delete the sys.path munging. # 2. Change from LP import LP as CLP to from Kernel.LP import LP as CLP -- Robert Kern I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth. -- Umberto Eco -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OpenOpt install
OK, in fact distutils can compile every python script without a problem as
long as it is in a package. For instance every solver is in the solvers
folder, but there is no __init__.py file there, so distutils cannot compile
the scripts that are in the subfolders, it is logical.
What you have to do is to modify your oo.py file so that it does not add all
subfolders to the sys.path. Besides, if someone has a subfoler that is named
after one of our folders, the whole scikit can crash : the purpose of
namespaces is to avoid this, so we must use them adequately (that is
scikit.openopt.*), even if it means that the whole scikit architecture must
be rethought.
Matthieu
2007/12/18, Matthieu Brucher [EMAIL PROTECTED]:
Hi,
My solution was the correct way to go, IIRC, only a few changes were to be
done so that those files were detected correctly (I think there were some
__init__.py files that were not present this may have to do with the fact
that you add a lot of additional paths in sys.path when you load openopt,
but I already told you we should simplify this).
Matthieu
2007/12/18, dmitrey [EMAIL PROTECTED] :
When earlier OpenOpt versions had been installed there were no
compiled pyc-files (in destination directory). I called to mailing
list but no obvious receipt had been achieved. Matthieu had done some
changes but it yielded other mistakes (no some py-files detected or
kind of), so I had removed those changes and write my own, for to have
OO py-files being compiled when installed, because next time when they
will be run user may not have root permissions, so he will recompile
source files each time OO starts.
On Dec 17, 10:27 pm, Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
dmitrey wrote:
Use
python setup.py install
People should be able to run the distutils commands independently.
What are you trying to achieve with this block of code that follows
the setup()
call?
new_name = 'tmp55'
os.rename('scikits', new_name)
newPath = []
for directory in sys.path:
if not 'scikits' in directory: newPath.append(directory)#
something
wrong with list.remove()
sys.path = newPath
import scikits
reload(scikits)
Path = scikits.__path__[0]
NewPath = os.path.join(Path, 'openopt')
rmtree(NewPath, True) # True means ignore errors
copytree(os.path.join (os.path.curdir, new_name, 'openopt'),
NewPath)
NewPath = Path
compileall.compile_dir(NewPath)
os.rename(new_name, 'scikits')
This just looks like a really bad idea.
--
Robert Kern
I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless
enigma
that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as
though it had
an underlying truth.
-- Umberto Eco
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
French PhD student
Website : http://matthieu-brucher.developpez.com/
Blogs : http://matt.eifelle.com and http://blog.developpez.com/?blog=92
LinkedIn : http://www.linkedin.com/in/matthieubrucher
--
French PhD student
Website : http://matthieu-brucher.developpez.com/
Blogs : http://matt.eifelle.com and http://blog.developpez.com/?blog=92
LinkedIn : http://www.linkedin.com/in/matthieubrucher
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python decompiler
I'm searching a maneuverable python bytecode decompiler. There is one named 'decompyle', but it doesn't support Python2.5 and too hard to use. And the 'depython'(http://www.depython.net/) is good enough except it cannot process file more than 5kb. Is there some else available? I'm novice at python. Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
No tab completion if sys.stdout is redirected
Hi, I want to have tab completion in my program for interactive input. Using readline and rlcompleter this works nicely. But I also have to catch and modify all print output, so I redirect sys.stdout to a custom file-like object. The problem is: After the redirection, readline support seems suddenly disabled. Why? Here's an example: - cut import sys import rlcompleter import readline class DottedWriter(object): Just a simple example for a sys.stdout wrapper def __init__(self, orig_stdout): self.orig_stdout = orig_stdout def write(self, text): self.orig_stdout.write(. + text) readline.parse_and_bind(tab: complete) mywriter = DottedWriter(sys.stdout) raw_input(Press TAB to see that completion works. Then press ENTER:) print Replacing sys.stdout with a custom file-like object... sys.stdout = mywriter raw_input(Now tab completion doesn't work anymore. Please try:) - cut In the first raw_input() call, tab completion works, in the second it doesn't. Am I doing something wrong here or is it a bug? Reproduced on Windows (with pyreadline 1.5) and Linux (standard readline module), both using Python 2.5.1. Things I have tried without success: - Simulate all other methods of sys.stdout with __getattr__ def __getattr__(self, name): return getattr(self.orig_stdout, name) - Use other forms of interactive input * import code; code.interact() * input() Regards Dirk -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rounding
that does not round up.. int(round(6.345)) maybe tir, 18.12.2007 kl. 11.53 +0300, skrev Vladimir Rusinov: On 12/15/07, katie smith [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: if i have a number 6.345 and i wanted it to be 6 without subtracting .345 because it won't always be .345 what do i do? how do i round to the nearest whole number. Or in this case round down. Is there an easy way to round down to the nearest whole number? init() ? -- Vladimir Rusinov GreenMice Solutions: IT-решения на базе Linux http://greenmice.info/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rounding
On Dec 18, 7:53 pm, Vladimir Rusinov [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 12/15/07, katie smith [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: if i have a number 6.345 and i wanted it to be 6 without subtracting .345 because it won't always be .345 what do i do? how do i round to the nearest whole number. Or in this case round down. Is there an easy way to round down to the nearest whole number? init() ? Perhaps you mean int. The OP may also be interested in another built- in function, just in case a float result or more versatility is needed; it's called round. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rounding
On Dec 18, 10:53 am, Vladimir Rusinov [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 12/15/07, katie smith [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: if i have a number 6.345 and i wanted it to be 6 without subtracting .345 because it won't always be .345 what do i do? how do i round to the nearest whole number. Or in this case round down. Is there an easy way to round down to the nearest whole number? init() ? -- Vladimir Rusinov GreenMice Solutions: IT-решения на базе Linuxhttp://greenmice.info/ You can either do: input_number = 6.345 from math import floor floor( input_number ) 6.0 This will return a float rounded down. or alternatively int( input_number ) 6 Which will return an integer data-type. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rounding
On 12/18/07, Lars Johansen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: that does not round up.. Yep, this is truncation. I'd read the question better. -- Vladimir Rusinov GreenMice Solutions: IT-решения на базе Linux http://greenmice.info/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New to Python Would like debug advice
Ramsey Nasser a écrit : On Dec 17, 2007 9:17 PM, PatrickMinnesota [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Yep, I'm new to the language, it's been a couple of months. I opted for gvim and console window for developing on a Windows XP box. I'm not a huge fan of IDEs except for when I need some debugging. I've done my googling and see a bunch of options out there for a debugging solution for Python on Windows. I've used Eclipse for a few years for Java development and I understand there is a Python module for it that might make sense. What I'm looking for is advice on what to use to debug general Python programs at the source level, some will be graphical. If the eclipse route is the way to go, that's fine, but I'm wondering what other options people have good luck with. Keep in mind I will probably continue to use Vi/Emacs and a console window for my main development. Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Debugging Python in eclipse is great. Specially thru ssh on an overloaded web server... It's the same as debugging in Java, so you don't have to learn any new interface or concepts to get started. There's some differences here. I don't even dream of trying to write any non-trivial Java progarm without a debugger. OTHO, I already wrote a few non-trivial Python programs (and some others that would have been non-trivial in Java) without having to use pdb - a couple trace and the interactive shell where quite enough. So perhaps there's at least one new concept to learn here : you don't need a mammoth IDE to be productive with an agile language. My 2 cents. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to read a binary file into a mysql table
Sorry, I found the mistake: There is more than one blob type, blob as a default stores only 64k of data. LONGBLOB has a 4G limit which is Ok for my purposes. Happy Christmas to all, Hans -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: More than one interpreter per process?
sturlamolden wrote: If one can have more than one interpreter in a single process, You can. Have a look at mod_python and mod_wsgi which does exactly this. But extension modules that use the simplified GIL api don't work with them (well, if at all). Most of the conversion of the current Python C API could be automated. The biggest stumbling block is what to do when the external environment makes a new thread and then eventually calls back into Python. It is hard to know which interpretter that callback should go to. You are also asking for every extension module to have to be changed. The vast majority are not part of the Python source tree and would also have to support the versions before a change like this. You would have more luck getting this sort of change into Python 3 since that requires most extension modules to be modified a bit (eg to deal with string and unicode issues). But before doing that, why not show how much better your scheme would make things. The costs of doing it are understood, but what are the benefits in terms of cpu consumption, memory consumption, OS responsiveness, cache utilisation, multi-core utilisation etc. If the answer is 1% then that is noise. Roger -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to read a binary file into a mysql table
Hello, thanks a lot for the Binary(). This does the trick, now I can import all my binary data. But now I found the next problem: The Blob is now limited to 65535 Bytes. I love all these stone age (16bit) limits on my 64bit machines... All bigger files a truncated. Has someone an idea how to solve this ? Greetings Hans -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to protect my new commercial software.
Op Fri, 14 Dec 2007 16:54:35 +, schreef Grant Edwards: Uh what? I don't know what country you're in, but in the US, it doesn't take any time at all to copyright something. The mere act of writing something copyrights it. I thought it was the same in Europe as well. No, it's only copyrighted when you _publish_ it. -- JanC -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
operator module isSequenceType with builtin set produces False
X-Replace-Address: [EMAIL PROTECTED] receding_xxxs_.com This wasn't what I was expecting, so I thought I'd ask those more knowledgeable, which is pretty much everybody. Same result on Python 2.3.5 and Python 2.5.1 installed from python.org binaries on Windows XP. try: set except NameError: from sets import Set as set class myset_fails(set): pass class myset_works(set): def __getitem__(self): pass s = set() fails = myset_fails() works = myset_works() import operator operator.isSequenceType(s) #Not what I expected False operator.isSequenceType(fails) #Not what I expected either False operator.isSequenceType(works) #A hint at what isSequenceType does ? True Are sets not sequences ? I didn't think the isSequenceDisclaimer gave false negatives. See Raymond Hettinger's post here too: http://groups.google.co.uk/group/comp.lang.python/tree/browse_frm/thread /bd04db20cc1f23bb/36f1f48bb7be1e4b?hl=enrnum=1q=set+isSequenceType_do ne=%2Fgroup%2Fcomp.lang.python%2Fbrowse_frm%2Fthread%2Fbd04db20cc1f23bb% 2F0454f5debc01c20d%3Fhl%3Den%26lnk%3Dgst%26q%3Dset%2BisSequenceType%26#d oc_0454f5debc01c20d Although there are suggestions that it means simply that you're headed in the wrong direction design wise: http://www.mail-archive.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/msg11576.html but then why have isSequenceType at all ? Not particularly vital. Just implementing __str__ on some class and if one of the members was a sequence I was going to format that bit of data in brackets. Thanks, Mark __ This email is intended only for the use of the individual(s) to whom it is addressed and may be privileged and confidential. Unauthorised use or disclosure is prohibited.If you receive This e-mail in error, please advise immediately and delete the original message. This message may have been altered without your or our knowledge and the sender does not accept any liability for any errors or omissions in the message. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
checking a string against multiple patterns
Hi, here is a piece of pseudo-code (taken from Ruby) that illustrates the problem I'd like to solve in Python: str = 'abc' if str =~ /(b)/ # Check if str matches a pattern str = $` + $1# Perform some action elsif str =~ /(a)/ # Check another pattern str = $1 + $'# Perform some other action elsif str =~ /(c)/ str = $1 end The task is to check a string against a number of different patterns (containing groupings). For each pattern, different actions need to be taken. In Python, a single match of this kind can be done as follows: str = 'abc' match = re.search( '(b)' , str ) if match: str = str[0:m.start()] + m.group(1)# I'm not sure if this way of accessing 'pre-match' # is optimal, but let's ignore it now The problem is that you you can't extend this example to multiple matches with 'elif' because the match must be performed separately from the conditional. This obviously won't work in Python: if match=re.search( pattern1 , str ): ... elif match=re.search( pattern2 , str ): ... So the only way seems to be: match = re.search( pattern1 , str ): if match: else: match = re.search( pattern2 , str ): if match: else: match = re.search( pattern3 , str ): if match: and we end up having a very nasty, multiply-nested code. Is there an alternative to it? Am I missing something? Python doesn't have special variables $1, $2 (right?) so you must assign the result of a match to a variable, to be able to access the groups. I'd appreciate any hints. Tomasz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python-xlib question
Solved, I solved using Xtest fake_input, hoping helping other people i post the code: #!/usr/bin/env python import Xlib.display import Xlib.X import Xlib.XK import Xlib.error import Xlib.ext.xtest display = Xlib.display.Display() def mouse_click(button): #button= 1 left, 2 middle, 3 right Xlib.ext.xtest.fake_input(display,Xlib.X.ButtonPress, button) display.sync() Xlib.ext.xtest.fake_input(display,Xlib.X.ButtonRelease, button) display.sync() bye, Giovanni -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: checking a string against multiple patterns
tomasz a écrit : Is there an alternative to it? Am I missing something? Python doesn't have special variables $1, $2 (right?) so you must assign the result of a match to a variable, to be able to access the groups. Hi Thomasz, See ie : http://www.regular-expressions.info/python.html [Search and Replace section] And you'll see that Python supports numbered groups and even named groups in regular expressions. Christophe K. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: checking a string against multiple patterns
On 18 dic, 09:41, tomasz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, here is a piece of pseudo-code (taken from Ruby) that illustrates the problem I'd like to solve in Python: str = 'abc' if str =~ /(b)/ # Check if str matches a pattern str = $` + $1# Perform some action elsif str =~ /(a)/ # Check another pattern str = $1 + $'# Perform some other action elsif str =~ /(c)/ str = $1 end The task is to check a string against a number of different patterns (containing groupings). For each pattern, different actions need to be taken. In Python, a single match of this kind can be done as follows: str = 'abc' match = re.search( '(b)' , str ) if match: str = str[0:m.start()] + m.group(1)# I'm not sure if this way of accessing 'pre-match' # is optimal, but let's ignore it now The problem is that you you can't extend this example to multiple matches with 'elif' because the match must be performed separately from the conditional. This obviously won't work in Python: if match=re.search( pattern1 , str ): ... elif match=re.search( pattern2 , str ): ... So the only way seems to be: match = re.search( pattern1 , str ): if match: else: match = re.search( pattern2 , str ): if match: else: match = re.search( pattern3 , str ): if match: and we end up having a very nasty, multiply-nested code. Define a small function with each test+action, and iterate over them until a match is found: def check1(input): match = re.search(pattern1, input) if match: return input[:match.end(1)] def check2(input): match = re.search(pattern2, input) if match: return ... def check3(input): match = ... if match: return ... for check in check1, check2, check3: result = check(input) if result is not None: break else: # no match found -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: checking a string against multiple patterns
On Dec 18, 1:41 pm, tomasz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi,
here is a piece of pseudo-code (taken from Ruby) that illustrates the
problem I'd like to solve in Python:
str = 'abc'
if str =~ /(b)/ # Check if str matches a pattern
str = $` + $1# Perform some action
elsif str =~ /(a)/ # Check another pattern
str = $1 + $'# Perform some other action
elsif str =~ /(c)/
str = $1
end
The task is to check a string against a number of different patterns
(containing groupings).
For each pattern, different actions need to be taken.
In the `re.sub` function (and `sub` method of regex object), the
`repl` parameter can be a callback function as well as a string:
http://docs.python.org/lib/node46.html
Does that help?
Eg.
def multireplace(text, mapping):
rx = re.compile('|'.join(re.escape(key) for key in mapping))
def callback(match):
key = match.group(0)
repl = mapping[key]
log.info(Replacing '%s' with '%s', key, repl)
return repl
return rx.subn(callback, text)
(I'm not sure, but I think I adapted this from:
http://effbot.org/zone/python-replace.htm)
Gerard
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: checking a string against multiple patterns
Define a small function with each test+action, and iterate over them until a match is found: def check1(input): match = re.search(pattern1, input) if match: return input[:match.end(1)] def check2(input): match = re.search(pattern2, input) if match: return ... for check in check1, check2, check3: result = check(input) if result is not None: break else: # no match found Or, one could even create a mapping of regexps-functions: def function1(match): do_something_with(match) def function2(match): do_something_with(match) def default_function(input): do_something_with(input) function_mapping = ( (re.compile(pattern1), function1), (re.compile(pattern2), function2), (re.compile(pattern3), function1), ) def match_and_do(input, mapping): for regex, func in mapping: m = regex.match(input) if m: return func(m) return default_function(input) result = match_and_do(Hello world, function_mapping) In addition to having a clean separation between patterns and functions, and the mapping between them, this also allows wiring multiple patterns to the same function (e.g. pattern3-function1) and also allows specification of the mapping evaluation order. -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
.NET and Python Integration Problem and PDF Library (Need Help and Suggestions)
Hi. First I am explaining the Problem so it would not get messed up. :) == PROBLEM I have to integrate a small part in .NET Projects. .NET project is actually all Web-based application, user interface is Web-page for multiple actions. But a backend component of project needs PDF File manipulation. Manipuation is limited to splitting pages, removing certain pages, joining pages, finding certain text information (Title/Author/No. of Pages/Orientation of each page etc), and page orientation maipulation (rotating pages clockwise and anticlockwise, on degree parameter, left/right/flip etc). .NET guys are failing here, so I proposed to do that component in Python. But problem is, how to integrate Python in .NET Web Application. I am looking on IRONPYTHON, and thats the only point seemed to me. Also, as I am not an expert in Python, I have transition from Perl and PHP to python. So right now, my applciation architecture would little bit be inexperienced and not enterprise ready. But every component in project is being worked on Enterprise grade. Now, I want to integrate Python implementation for PDF works, and that would be called from .NET (C#) processes supplying required parameters. Since the whole application would be implemented on MS Windows Server, so I am bit lacking the freedom of library usage as in Linux. Also looking for best PDF library which doesn't have any or many dependencies and that dependencies can be successfully installed. I will also need an XML Library to write down the logs and instructions+information for next component which handles Printing. = Therefore, I am seeking all the precious (even small or one-liner) advices from you. Please suggest me every possible things that come in your mind. Things on high priorities right now are: -- -=Ravi=- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to protect my new commercial software.
Jan Claeys [EMAIL PROTECTED] (JC) wrote: JC Op Fri, 14 Dec 2007 16:54:35 +, schreef Grant Edwards: Uh what? I don't know what country you're in, but in the US, it doesn't take any time at all to copyright something. The mere act of writing something copyrights it. I thought it was the same in Europe as well. JC No, it's only copyrighted when you _publish_ it. Not here in the Netherlands. It is `the exclusive right of the maker of a work to publish or copy the work' (loose translation of the introduction of the law). Otherwise someone else could publish it if he got hold of it in some legitimate way. -- Piet van Oostrum [EMAIL PROTECTED] URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4] Private email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: .NET and Python Integration Problem and PDF Library (Need Help and Suggestions)
In continuation of last mail [since pressing tab+space sent the mail :( ] Things on high priorities right now are: - How to integrate Python calling from .NET - Any suggestions for optimizations that would prevent overburden to application due to IronPython interpretation calling, if any, or does such things happen. - Pointers to good resources - Any step in such kind of situation, so to make it Enterprise Grade application components - your opinion with available PDF Libraries, that are best among. Also which library to use for Windows server platform (there is limitation on installing long chain libraries that include other deep dependencies too). A pure python PDF library would be good, but which one. -Which XML Library is pure python based. More questions will follow up :) And I hope, people will reply me. -- -=Ravi=- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Does fileinput.input() read STDIN all at once?
I'm using this sort of standard thing: for line in fileinput.input(): do_stuff(line) and wondering whether it reads until it hits an EOF and then passes lines (one at a time) into the variable line. This appears to be the behaviour when it's reading STDIN interactively (i.e. from the keyboard). As a test, I tried this: for line in fileinput.input(): print '**', line and found that it would print nothing until I hit Ctl-D, then print all the lines, then wait for another Ctl-D, and so on (until I pressed Ctl-D twice in succession to end the loop). Is it possible to configure this to pass each line of input into line as it comes? Thanks, Adam -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Another newbie design question
Fortran (1957) had line comments. C (1972) replaced these with non- nested block comments. C++ (1983) added here-to-EOL comments. Python (1991) keeps here-to-EOL comments but replaces block comments with multi-line quotes. Block comments and multi-line quotes both serve the same purpose as doc comments. Block comments, especially if they nest, are helpful for commenting out code. Multi-line quotes serve to add text. Is Python, in this particular, an advance over C++? I wrote a lot of Java (here-to-EOL and block comments) without ever feeling the need for multi-line quotes. I've written a little Perl and found multi-line quotes useful for responding to -help switches. On the other hand -help switches are very old-fashioned, a direction I'll not be pointing my tiny beginner's language. (A brief article on programming language geneology is at http://www.MartinRinehart.com/articles/history-programming-languages.html .) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: No tab completion if sys.stdout is redirected
Dirk Loss wrote: I want to have tab completion in my program for interactive input. Using readline and rlcompleter this works nicely. But I also have to catch and modify all print output, so I redirect sys.stdout to a custom file-like object. The problem is: After the redirection, readline support seems suddenly disabled. Why? readline module applies its autocompletion functions to (and only to) sys.stdout. Regards, Björn -- BOFH excuse #350: paradigm shift...without a clutch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: More than one interpreter per process?
On 18 Des, 05:46, Michael L Torrie [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How would this handle python resources that a programmer would want to share among the threads? What facilities for IPC between the interpreters would be used? There would be no IPC as they would live in the same process. A thread- safe queue would suffice. Python objects would have to be serialized before placed in the queue. One could also allow NumPy-like arrays in two separate interpreters to share the same memory buffer. With an emulated fork() the whole interpreter would be cloned, possibly deferred in a 'copy on write' scheme. Multiple processes and IPC is what we have today with e.g. mpi4py. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Another newbie design question
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I've designed a language, Decaf, for beginners. I've got block comments but not multi-line strings. If you can only have one or the other, which is more helpful? Given a one-or-the-other choice, any editor worth using can do comment/uncomment region, and if only to-EOL comments are available, it will do that for you instead of using block comments. So block comments are not really a useful language feature. Unless you're expecting your beginners to grind out their code in Notepad. On the other hand, they are completely orthogonal features. Multi-line strings in Python are not comments, and treating them as such is as misguided as using raw strings for Windows filenames. What would you have to say about a language which had no specialised comment syntax whatsoever, and expected you to use semantically irrelevent string literals? -- \S -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://www.chaos.org.uk/~sion/ Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other -- Arthur C. Clarke her nu becomeþ se bera eadward ofdun hlæddre heafdes bæce bump bump bump -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: More than one interpreter per process?
On 18 Des, 10:24, Roger Binns [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The biggest stumbling block is what to do when the external environment makes a new thread and then eventually calls back into Python. It is hard to know which interpretter that callback should go to. Not if you explicitely hav to pass a pointer to the interpreter in every API call, which is what I suggested. You are also asking for every extension module to have to be changed. The vast majority are not part of the Python source tree and would also have to support the versions before a change like this. It would break a lot of stuff. But porting could be automated by a simple Python script. It just involves changing PySomething(...) to PySomething(env, ...), with env being a pointer to the interpreter. Since an extension only needs to know about a single interpreter, it could possibly be done by preprocessor macros: #define PySomething(var) PySomething(env, var) You would have more luck getting this sort of change into Python 3 since that requires most extension modules to be modified a bit (eg to deal with string and unicode issues). PEPs are closed for Python 3. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
New+old-style multiple inheritance
We are trying to monkey-patch a third-party library that mixes new and old-style classes with multiple inheritance. In so doing we have uncovered some unexpected behaviour: quote class Foo: pass class Bar(object): pass class Baz(Foo,Bar): pass # Monkey-patch Foo to add a special method def my_nonzero(self): print my_nonzero called return False Foo.__nonzero__ = my_nonzero b = Baz() print doing the test on Baz(Foo,Bar). Should return false if b: print true else: print false /quote Produces this output: doing the test on Baz(Foo,Bar). Should return false true With some experimentation it is clear that this behaviour only occurs when you combine new+old-style multiple inheritance, monkey-patching and special methods. If Foo and Bar are either old or new-style it works. calling b.__nonzero__() directly works. Defining __nonzero__ within Foo works. I know this level of messing with python internals is a bit risky but I'm wondering why the above code doesn't work. Any ideas? Cheers, Stephen. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: More than one interpreter per process?
On 18 Des, 10:24, Roger Binns [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: You can. Have a look at mod_python and mod_wsgi which does exactly this. But extension modules that use the simplified GIL api don't work with them (well, if at all). mod_python implements use Py_NewInterpreter() to create sub- interpreters. They all share the same GIL. The GIL is declared static in ceval.c, and shared for the whole process. But ok, if PyEval_AquireLock() would take a pointer to a 'sub-GIL', sub- interpreters could run concurrent on SMPs. But it would require a separate thread scheduler in each subprocess. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to protect my new commercial software.
Jan Claeys([EMAIL PROTECTED])@2007.12.18 12:06:08 +: Op Fri, 14 Dec 2007 16:54:35 +, schreef Grant Edwards: Uh what? I don't know what country you're in, but in the US, it doesn't take any time at all to copyright something. The mere act of writing something copyrights it. I thought it was the same in Europe as well. No, it's only copyrighted when you _publish_ it. If we're still talking about US law here you are incorrect. http://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-general.html#mywork Quoting: * When is my work protected? Your work is under copyright protection the moment it is created and fixed in a tangible form that it is perceptible either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. * Do I have to register with your office to be protected? No. In general, registration is voluntary. Copyright exists from the moment the work is created. You will have to register, however, if you wish to bring a lawsuit for infringement of a U.S. work. See Circular 1, Copyright Basics, section 'Copyright Registration.' -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python on Leopard issues
Hi Folks: I am new to python, and, (thanks to on-site help) just installed ipython, matplotlib, numpy and scipy on my PPC running Leopard (10.5.1). Since scipy.org's install page is out-dated -- it recommends beginning by re-installing python (http://www.scipy.org/ Installing_SciPy/Mac_OS_X) -- I thought I would document my steps: 1. My experience is that the python that ships with 10.5.1 (developer tools / xcode) is both up to date (version 2.5.1) and works FINE. (e.g. without doing anything, you can start up python from a command line, and even arrow up to previous commands). 2. ipython: Installing ipython (ipython-0.8.2.tar.gz) went just as advertised here: http://ipython.scipy.org/moin/Download. 3. fortran: Installed gfortran (gfortran-4.2.1.dmg) from (http:// r.research.att.com/tools/) -- no trouble. 4. FFTW: Installed the fftw libraries (3.1.2) as described on scipy.org -- no trouble. 5. Numpy: built, installed numpy as described on scipy.org. No trouble (to test, use import numpy followed by, e.g. numpy.test(1,10) from within python 6. Scipy: Trouble. The necessary steps are documented but not so easy to find. There are two issues. 6.a: Although my new version of numpy is installed, python gives (mistaken) precedence to a built in version. To fix this, I placed the line: export PYTHONPATH=/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages in my shell configuration file: ~/.profile 6.b: Although I just installed gfortran, the python build step doesn't know to use it. Instead of python setup.py build you need to use python setup.py config_fc --fcompiler=gfortran build 6.c: The installation step sudo python setup.py install worked, as does import scipy. scipy.test(1,10) gives two failures, but 1714 successes, which is an A+ on any test. For the record the failures are == FAIL: check loadmat case sparse -- Traceback (most recent call last): File /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/scipy/io/tests/test_mio.py, line 85, in cc self._check_case(name, files, expected) File /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/scipy/io/tests/test_mio.py, line 80, in _check_case self._check_level(k_label, expected, matdict[k]) File /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/scipy/io/tests/test_mio.py, line 63, in _check_level decimal = 5) File /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/numpy/testing/utils.py, line 232, in assert_array_almost_equal header='Arrays are not almost equal') File /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/numpy/testing/utils.py, line 217, in assert_array_compare assert cond, msg AssertionError: Arrays are not almost equal test sparse; file /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/scipy/io/tests/./ data/testsparse_6.5.1_GLNX86.mat, variable testsparse (mismatch 46.67%) x: array([[ 3.03865194e-319, 3.16202013e-322, 1.04346664e-320, 2.05531309e-320, 2.56123631e-320], [ 3.16202013e-322, 0.e+000, 0.e+000,... y: array([[ 1., 2., 3., 4., 5.], [ 2., 0., 0., 0., 0.], [ 3., 0., 0., 0., 0.]]) == FAIL: check_dot (scipy.lib.tests.test_blas.test_fblas1_simple) -- Traceback (most recent call last): File /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/scipy/lib/blas/tests/ test_blas.py, line 76, in check_dot assert_almost_equal(f([3j,-4,3-4j],[2,3,1]),-9+2j) File /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/numpy/testing/utils.py, line 158, in assert_almost_equal assert round(abs(desired - actual),decimal) == 0, msg AssertionError: Items are not equal: ACTUAL: (-1.998528003692627+1.0484833485089376e-37j) DESIRED: (-9+2j) -- 7. Matplotlib: Retrieved here: (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ matplotlib) and installed following the normal steps: (python setup.py build, sudo python setup.py install). To test this one, run python as: ipython -pylab Typing, e.g. plot([1,2,3]) makes a nice plot window... NOTE: matplotlib requires libraries (freetype, libpng, zlib) that were installed (and presumably found by matplotlib) during my macports (http://www.macports.org/index.php) installation ImageMagick. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Debugging pipe IPC
Jim B. Wilson wrote: Ian Clark wrote: Jim B. Wilson wrote: ... The child/client sends requests on its stdout and receives responses on stdin. So, why can't you just run this client on the command line and let the shell handle stdin/stdout for you? I'm not sure I understand the topology of your proposal? And, it's certainly possible the shell has mystical powers of which I am unaware. Are you suggesting a run client that spews the mother's messages to the terminal, and I somehow cut/paste them into the client, running with stdin/stdout unconnected to anything but me? Or is there some combination of tee, etal., I can lash together so that my commands (to the client) don't get mixed up with mother's messages? Some such arrangement would surely help. I often forget the stderr, on my scratch-head debugging prints, and mother gets quite upset when the incoming message doesn't fit the mold :) Jim What I'm suggesting is to run the following from the shell: python internal_python_program.py. Then you type into the terminal whatever 'mother' was sending it (Clean your room! most like) and see what it spits back. If the script is simply reading from stdin and writing to stdout there shouldn't be much of a problem. The hardest part might be figuring out what 'mother' actually sends it. If it's very verbose you can type it out once to a file and redirect that file to the python process: python internal_python_program.py file_with_mother_commands.txt. Another idea is to open a file somewhere and write your debug output to that. I would also suggest the logging[1] module as well. It's very handy for his sort of thing. Ian [1] http://docs.python.org/lib/module-logging.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: embedding filedialog in a frame in tkinter
Try using Tix, a Tkinter extension included in the Python library. It provides a DirList widget: thanx Gabriel.. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: checking a string against multiple patterns
tomasz [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: here is a piece of pseudo-code (taken from Ruby) that illustrates the problem I'd like to solve in Python: [...] I asked the very same question in http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/3e8da954ff2265e/4deb5631ade8b393 It seems that people either write more elaborate constructs or learn to tolerate the nesting. Is there an alternative to it? A simple workaround is to write a trivial function that returns a boolean, and also stores the match object in either a global storage or an object. It's not really elegant, especially in smaller scripts, but it works: def search(pattern, s, store): match = re.search(pattern, s) store.match = match return match is not None class MatchStore(object): pass # irrelevant, any object with a 'match' attr would do where = MatchStore() if search(pattern1, s, where): pattern1 matched, matchobj in where.match elif search(pattern2, s, where): pattern2 matched, matchobj in where.match ... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to protect my new commercial software.
On 2007-12-18, Jan Claeys [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Op Fri, 14 Dec 2007 16:54:35 +, schreef Grant Edwards: Uh what? I don't know what country you're in, but in the US, it doesn't take any time at all to copyright something. The mere act of writing something copyrights it. I thought it was the same in Europe as well. No, it's only copyrighted when you _publish_ it. Interesting. So, in Europe, if somebody steals something you wrote before you get it published, they're free to do with it as they please? I'm glad it doesn't work that way here in the US. Over here, something is copyrighted as soon as it's written (actually I think the phrase is fixed in a medium or something like that). -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! I have accepted at Provolone into my life! visi.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
clearing text on canvas
hi i am new to tkinter and would like some help with canvas i am doing validation of contents of a folder and need to show the ok/error messages on a canvas resultdisplay =Canvas(...) errmessage=error! okmessage=dir validation ok! if dirvalidate is False: resultdisplay.create_text(1,50,anchor=W,text=errmessage,width=175) else: self.resultdisplay.create_text(1,50,anchor=W,text=okmessage,width=175) my problem is that if validation succeeds or fails the text created on canvas is displayed over the previous created text I need to clear the previous text from the canvas before creating new text can someone help? dn -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: More than one interpreter per process?
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], sturlamolden [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 18 Des, 10:24, Roger Binns [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: You would have more luck getting this sort of change into Python 3 since that requires most extension modules to be modified a bit (eg to deal with string and unicode issues). PEPs are closed for Python 3. That's true for core interpreter changes and only applies to Python 3.0. Overall, what Roger said is true: if there is any hope for your proposal, you must ensure that you can make it happen in Python 3. -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) * http://www.pythoncraft.com/ Typing is cheap. Thinking is expensive. --Roy Smith -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Another newbie design question
Sion Arrowsmith wrote: Given a one-or-the-other choice, any editor worth using can do comment/uncomment region, and if only to-EOL comments are available, it will do that for you instead of using block comments. So block comments are not really a useful language feature. I'd expect the complete beginner to start in Notepad, and stay there for just long enough to realize that something better is needed. region commenting might be the perfect reason for upgrading. On the other hand, block comments are very useful for documentation. On the other, other hand, commenting out a region as the editors do makes it very obvious that the code is dormant. On yet another hand, editors also colorize, so the commented-out nature of block comments is apparent. There are other options. We could borrow code and /code from HTML to have code and non-code regions. (In Java, where HTML is allowed in the doc comments, I wanted my editor to toggle between HTML editing and code editing. Not all wishes get fulfilled.) I'd like to hear from people who use Python's multi-line strings other than in doc comments. What would you have to say about a language which had no specialised comment syntax whatsoever, and expected you to use semantically irrelevent string literals? I'd say the language predated Fortran, which means Amazing Grace Hopper wrote it. Perhaps A-0 didn't have comments? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Searching for Happiness ?
Searching for Happiness ? Dr. Saleh Abdul Azeez As Sindee Happiness is a common goal that everyone strives to attain. Philosophers, intellectuals, doctors and artists alike have all strived in search of the causes of happiness and ways to escape anxiety. The reality is, however, that the proposed solutions achieve only partial or superficial happiness. They are more or less like drugs which only provide temporary relief; when their effect wares off, anxieties return two fold. The following words invite you to ultimate happiness and will lead you to true success. But before you begin reading, I hope that you to take a moment to try to open your heart and mind - as the intelligent one is he who searches for the truth no matter where it lies. An undeniable reality is that permanent happiness cannot be achieved except by believing in God - The Creator - and following His guidance. Since it is He who created mankind, He is the one who knows what pleases and benefits them, just as he knows what saddens and harms them. A number of psychologists have affirmed that only a religious person lives with true content and serenity. So if believing in God leads to ultimate happiness, then how can this be achieved? There are numerous religions and a variety of creeds. However, their critical differences in core issues make it impossible for all of them to be correct. So which is the correct religion? What is the correct creed that God requires us to believe in and in the end pleases Him? And which one of these creeds guarantees us happiness in this life and in the hereafter? Before answering these questions, a criterion must first be established to be used as a basis for correctly determining the true religion. I firmly believe that all sensible people will agree that a religion is not deemed correct simply due to the fact that one was raised in that religion, had parents that adhered to it, or lived in a society that practiced it. Rather a religion's accuracy and authenticity are based upon substantial evidence and firm intellectual proofs. Intellect, the distinguishing factor between mankind and animals, must be applied when studying the issue of religion, which is undeniably the most important and gravest of all matters. A short journey into the world of religions and sifting through various creeds could prove to be a good method in arriving at the desired conclusion. In order to save you the time and effort, I say with full conviction and confidence that no matter how much you investigate this issue, you will only arrive at one reality: that the true and correct religion is Islam and that true happiness and content lies within it. Before you hastily rebut this statement and stop reading, please realize that completing the rest would not harm you at all, and it may in fact benefit you. Also, remember that you have an intellect by which you can distinguish things and determine truth from falsehood. Why Islam? This is an important question, indicating that the questioner is mature and enlightened. In response I say: Islam is a religion that includes a number of merits and characteristics that are absent from other religions. These characteristics, alone, serve as convincing evidence that Islam is the true religion of God. You can determine the authenticity of this statement by contemplating them. Islam's many merits and characteristics make it impossible to elaborate on all of them. However, some of the most important can be summarized as follows: 1. Amongst the greatest merits of Islam is that it fulfills the spiritual aspects of the human being and enables those who embrace it to have an ongoing connection with God. This makes it possible for them to be at ease spiritually. It shields them from chaos, being lost or feeling (spiritually) empty, and protects from mental instability. 2. Another of Islam's merits is that it coincides totally with common sense. All of the Islamic legislation and its rulings are acceptable intellectually and are never contradictory. One man who embraced Islam was asked why he did so and replied, Islam never ordered me to do anything that I later wished wasn't obligated, and it never forbade me from anything that I later wished wasn't forbidden. Much of what is readily accepted in other religions causes great confusion. This confusion makes it difficult to believe many of the fundamental tenets/doctrines that these religions are based upon. On the other hand, we find that Islam respects the intellect, prohibits ignorance, and condemns blind following. 3. Islam is an all-inclusive way of life attending to both spiritual and physical needs. Practicing Islam does not mean that one has to be secluded or that he is prohibited from the finer things in life. Rather, according to Islam, a person can be religious and still enjoy a normal life - attaining prestigious ranks/positions and achieving the highest academic degrees. 4. Among the merits of Islam is that it is a
Re: checking a string against multiple patterns
tomasz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is there an alternative to it? Am I missing something? Python doesn't have special variables $1, $2 (right?) so you must assign the result of a match to a variable, to be able to access the groups. Look for repetition in your code and remove it. That will almost always remove the nesting. Or, combine your regular expressions into one large expression and branch on the existence of relevant groups. Using named groups stops all your code breaking just because you need to change one part of the regex. e.g. This would handle your example, but it is just one way to do it: import re from string import Template def sub(patterns, s): for pat, repl in patterns: m = re.match(pat, s) if m: return Template(repl).substitute(m.groupdict()) return s PATTERNS = [ (r'(?Pstart.*?)(?Pbb+)', 'start=$start, b=$b'), (r'(?Paa+)(?Ptail.*)$', 'Got a: $a, tail=$tail'), (r'(?Pcc+)', 'starts with c: $c'), ] sub(PATTERNS, 'abc') 'start=a, b=b' sub(PATTERNS, 'is a something') 'is a something' sub(PATTERNS, 'a something') 'Got a: a, tail= something' -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Debugging pipe IPC
Ian Clark wrote: ... whatever 'mother' was sending it (Clean your room! most like) :) If it's very verbose ... Alas, it is quite verbose. Constructing a single instance of a class (from the Pyrex extension acting as the child's two-way radio) could involve tens of thousands of more-or-less random exchanges between mother and child. A subsequent method call could trigger a similar volume of traffic. And it isn't this communication I'm worried about. All that seems to go quite well. My fondest wish is to play the role of the child at the good old prompt. Such play would allow me to test tiny snippets of code that I could later incorporate into an actual child. My wish may not be possible. If so, it's no great tragedy. A simple test goes from: foo = askmommy() foo.why() to: 1. Typing similar statements into my editor. 2. Saving these statements to a file, say test.py. 3. Making clicky-clicky in the mother application to run test.py. 4. Noticing that nothing appears on my terminal. 5. Inserting sys.stderr, into print foo.why() :) 6. Repeating steps 2 and 3. Steps 4, 5 and 6 are required because the mother has absolutely no compunction against infanticide when her child asks her a question she cannot answer. If my wish isn't possible, it will be the first time. Normally, when I wonder if Python can do something, I imagine what the syntax would be if it could, type it in, and sure enough it works. Jim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Best idiom to unpack a variable-size sequence
Here's a little issue I run into more than I like: I often need to unpack a sequence that may be too short or too long into a fixed-size set of items: a, b, c = seq # when seq = (1, 2, 3, 4, ...) or seq = (1, 2) What I usually do is something like this: a, b, c = (list(seq) + [None, None, None])[:3] but that just feels rather ugly to me -- is there a good Pythonic idiom for this? Thx, Rick -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to protect my new commercial software.
On 2007-12-18, Grant Edwards [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 2007-12-18, Jan Claeys [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: No, it's only copyrighted when you _publish_ it. Interesting. So, in Europe, if somebody steals something you wrote before you get it published, they're free to do with it as they please? No, I believe the above comment is false. The Berne Convention of 1887 makes copyright automatic as soon as a work is written or recorded. Thus, most of Europe has had automatic copyright for a very long time, and all of it does now. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OpenOpt install
thank you, I'll try to fix the issue when I'll have more time, I'm short of the one for now because of some other urgent work. D. On Dec 18, 10:53 am, Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: dmitrey wrote: When earlier OpenOpt versions had been installed there were no compiled pyc-files (in destination directory). I called to mailing list but no obvious receipt had been achieved. Matthieu had done some changes but it yielded other mistakes (no some py-files detected or kind of), so I had removed those changes and write my own, for to have OO py-files being compiled when installed, because next time when they will be run user may not have root permissions, so he will recompile source files each time OO starts. Well, the problem there is that you have put code into subdirectories that aren't packages. Then you manually add the directories to sys.path when you import scikits.openopt.oo . This is a bad thing to do for several reasons; one reason is that you don't get the correct .pyc files. You need to make the directory structure match the package structure. For example, you currently have the module scikits.openopt.LP in scikits/openopt/Kernel/LP/LP.py . You have two options: * you can make the directory structure match the package structure by moving the files to the correct location: $ mv scikits/openopt/Kernel/LP/LP.py scikits/openopt/LP.py * you can make the package structure match the directory structure by adding __init__.py files to the subdirectories and changing the imports to match: $ touch scikits/openopt/Kernel/__init__.py $ touch scikits/openopt/Kernel/LP/__init__.py $ vim scikits/openopt/oo.py # 1. Delete the sys.path munging. # 2. Change from LP import LP as CLP to from Kernel.LP import LP as CLP -- Robert Kern I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth. -- Umberto Eco -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Changing intobject to use int rather than long
Does anyone think (or know) that it might cause any internal problems if the ival member of the struct defining an intobject were to be changed from its current long int to just int? When you move your application to a 64-bit system in order to get a bigger address space to store your millions/billions of integers in RAM, but they get twice as big, you don't gain very much. Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best idiom to unpack a variable-size sequence
On Dec 18, 12:49 pm, ram [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Here's a little issue I run into more than I like: I often need to unpack a sequence that may be too short or too long into a fixed-size set of items: a, b, c = seq # when seq = (1, 2, 3, 4, ...) or seq = (1, 2) What I usually do is something like this: a, b, c = (list(seq) + [None, None, None])[:3] but that just feels rather ugly to me -- is there a good Pythonic idiom for this? In terms of brevity I don't think so; however it can be done more efficient and general (e.g. for infinite series) using itertools: from itertools import islice, chain, repeat def unpack(iterable, n, default=None): return islice(chain(iterable,repeat(default)), n) a, b, c = unpack(seq, 3) George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best idiom to unpack a variable-size sequence
ram [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Here's a little issue I run into more than I like: I often need to
unpack a sequence that may be too short or too long into a fixed-size
set of items:
a, b, c = seq # when seq = (1, 2, 3, 4, ...) or seq = (1, 2)
What I usually do is something like this:
a, b, c = (list(seq) + [None, None, None])[:3]
but that just feels rather ugly to me -- is there a good Pythonic
idiom for this?
Pythonic might be to be explicit: i.e. know in advance how long the
sequence actually is.
One drawback I see with your code is that it doesn't give you any way to
specify different defaults for the values. So here's an alternative to
consider: try passing your sequence to a function. This lets you specify
appropriate defaults, and it reads quite cleanly. Of course it also forces
you to extract the code using those variables out into a separate function,
but that may not be a bad thing.
def process(a=None, b=None, c=None):
print a, b, c
seq = iter('abcd')
process(*itertools.islice(seq,0,3))
a b c
seq = iter('ab')
process(*itertools.islice(seq,0,3))
a b None
--
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Re: lotus nsf to mbox
Hi to all, thanks, I'll try your suggestions... Regards! Fabian Brian Munroe schrieb am 12/15/2007 07:10 PM: On Dec 15, 11:04 am, Fabian Braennstroem [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: thanks for your ideas! I actually thought of something like a python parser, which just converts the nsf structure to an mbox; could that work!? Well, If you wish to go that route, I believe you will have to reverse engineer the Notes Database binary structure because I've never seen it published anywhere. My suggestion, if you can use a Windows machine, just use the Lotus Notes COM Objects via the Python Win32 bindings, as mentioned above. If you really need to do it from Linux and are lucky enough to be running the IIOP task on your Domino server, then you could possibly use CORBA. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Changing intobject to use int rather than long
On Dec 18, 2007 11:59 AM, Clarence [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Does anyone think (or know) that it might cause any internal problems if the ival member of the struct defining an intobject were to be changed from its current long int to just int? When you move your application to a 64-bit system in order to get a bigger address space to store your millions/billions of integers in RAM, but they get twice as big, you don't gain very much. Your int objects get twice as large, but you get 4294967296 times more address space. (They don't always get twice as large, and you don't actually get that much address space, and there's lots of other things wrong with this answer, but the core truth - that your available address space grows at a greater rate than the size of your ints - is correct). Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Changing intobject to use int rather than long
On Dec 18, 6:24 pm, Chris Mellon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Your int objects get twice as large, but you get 4294967296 times more address space. (They don't always get twice as large, and you don't actually get that much address space, and there's lots of other things wrong with this answer, but the core truth - that your available address space grows at a greater rate than the size of your ints - is correct). Technically true, but in my real world, I deal with physical RAM in the machine. I went from a 2GB machine that was using half its memory to an 8GB machine that is using one quarter its memory. Yes, it's better, but I still want that factor of two! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to protect my new commercial software.
Jan Claeys [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Op Fri, 14 Dec 2007 16:54:35 +, schreef Grant Edwards: Uh what? I don't know what country you're in, but in the US, it doesn't take any time at all to copyright something. The mere act of writing something copyrights it. I thought it was the same in Europe as well. No, it's only copyrighted when you _publish_ it. Which basically means letting anyone else see it, i.e. sending as an E-Mail, posting on Usenet, etc. -- Chris Green -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
why only an msi-installer for windows ?
hello, having a lot of trouble installing 2.5 (without affecting my stable 2.4), I wonder why there's only a msi installer for windows users ? thanks, Stef -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: .NET and Python Integration Problem and PDF Library (Need Help and Suggestions)
Ravi Kumar wrote: - your opinion with available PDF Libraries, that are best among. Also which library to use for Windows server platform (there is limitation on installing long chain libraries that include other deep dependencies too). A pure python PDF library would be good, but which one. -Which XML Library is pure python based. Never done Python/.NET integration, so I can't help you there. PDF library: ReportLab. But that is most generation of PDFs. For reading, splitting, etc, you may have to look at their commercial offering. And I do believe it is all pure python. XML: ElementTree http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm Should be all you need. Hope that helps some. j -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Changing intobject to use int rather than long
Clarence [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
When you move your application to a 64-bit system in order to get a
bigger address space to store your millions/billions of integers in
RAM, but they get twice as big, you don't gain very much.
I don't think changing the underlying type will help at all. The
layout of the int object is as follows:
typedef struct {
// PyObject_HEAD
Py_ssize_t ob_refcnt;
struct _typeobject *ob_type;
// the actual value
long ob_ival;
} PyIntObject;
On a 64-bit machine, that's 16 bytes for PyObject_HEAD and 8 more
bytes for the value, 24 bytes total. Changing long to int won't
decrease the struct size to 20 because the compiler will pad it to 24,
the nearest multiple of 8. (Forcing the compiler to pack the struct
won't help because malloc will still pad it for you.)
If you need to store millions of integers compactly, maybe
array.array('i') can help.
--
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Re: New+old-style multiple inheritance
On Dec 18, 7:08 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: We are trying to monkey-patch a third-party library that mixes new and old-style classes with multiple inheritance. In so doing we have uncovered some unexpected behaviour: snip I know this level of messing with python internals is a bit risky but I'm wondering why the above code doesn't work. You've already discovered why--you're mixing old and new style classes. Monkey patching is definitely unpythonic. You must be a Ruby guy. Why don't you try doing something else to get the behavior you want, something more explicit? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Debugging pipe IPC
Jim B. Wilson wrote: ... My fondest wish is to play the role of the child at the good old prompt. ... Jim Okay, I misunderstood the direction you wanted to go. I thought that you wanted to play the part of the mother, giving commands to the child and not the other way around. Assuming you're on a *nix make child.py as: import os os.system(netcat -l -p 1234 localhost) Run it though mother and on another terminal type: netcat localhost 1234 HTH, Ian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WikiInclude on 0.11 - Noah Kantrowitz blocks bug-fix
On Dec 17, 9:23 pm, Ilias Lazaridis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Essence: * Deletion of valid defect reports on trac community resources The WikiInclude plugin is not recognised on trac 0.11, thus I took a look an made a small addition to the setup.py (the entry_point). Other users have the same problem, thus I filed a ticket in the trac- hacks community resource. Mr. Noah Kantrowitz closed the ticket as invalid. My comments within this ticket are deleted, directly in the database, which is the same as censorship. I've copied the email-notification from my comment below. [1] Please realize: * this is a real-live defect, which remains unprocessed, thus more users run into this trouble. * My attemps to inform users in the user-threads do not show up in all threads (moderation on trac-users!!!) * The IncludeMacro is not compatible to the WikiInclude macro * My comments were deleted in a non-trackable way * Users of the WikiInclude plugin are not informed in any way You are may wondering why the trac project fails to produce a stable 1.0 version since years. The answer is here: http://case.lazaridis.com/wiki/TracAudit - [1] #2294: Plugin is not detectd on trac 0.11 (even the 0.11 specific one) +--- Reporter: [EMAIL PROTECTED] |Owner: yu-ji Type: defect | Status: reopened Priority: normal |Component: WikiIncludePlugin Severity: critical | Resolution: Keywords: | Release: 0.11 +--- Changes (by [EMAIL PROTECTED]): * status: closed = reopened * resolution: invalid = * summary: Missing entry_point within setup.py = Plugin is not detectd on trac 0.11 (even the 0.11 specific one) Comment: (Mr. Kantrowitz. This is defenitely a defect, which occoured for several users. The provided information helps any user which hits on this ticket via a search. I ask you once more to stop with the deletions on this '''community''' resource). The resolution invalid is incorrect. The problem exists for me '''and other''' users, see e.g.: * [http://groups.google.com/group/trac-users/browse_frm/thread/ de454e7dcf9f0438/d9806ad4a31a14a7 thread 1] * [http://groups.google.com/group/trac-users/browse_frm/thread/ 2ccf4b2855a6f242?q=WikiInclude thread 2] I've solved it whilst simply adding the entry point to the setup.py. It is ok to point to the more flexible and maintained IncludeMacro, but other people possibly just want to continue to use the simpler WikiInclude one. I suggest the maintainer of WikiInclude (or another developer) corrects the setup.py in the repo, and additionally one should place a note in the WikiInclude documentation, that there's a more flexible IncludeMacro available. Trac is a python application. Please read the posting guidelines for c.l.p.m -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Changing intobject to use int rather than long
On Dec 18, 6:58 pm, Hrvoje Niksic [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I don't think changing the underlying type will help at all. The
On a 64-bit machine, that's 16 bytes for PyObject_HEAD and 8 more
bytes for the value, 24 bytes total. Changing long to int won't
decrease the struct size to 20 because the compiler will pad it to 24,
the nearest multiple of 8. (Forcing the compiler to pack the struct
won't help because malloc will still pad it for you.)
That's an excellent point. And true, too. Thanks, that will lay the
issue
to rest.
If you need to store millions of integers compactly, maybe
array.array('i') can help.
--
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Re: Does fileinput.input() read STDIN all at once?
On Dec 18, 5:55 am, Adam Funk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm using this sort of standard thing: for line in fileinput.input(): do_stuff(line) and wondering whether it reads until it hits an EOF and then passes lines (one at a time) into the variable line. This appears to be the behaviour when it's reading STDIN interactively (i.e. from the keyboard). As a test, I tried this: for line in fileinput.input(): print '**', line and found that it would print nothing until I hit Ctl-D, then print all the lines, then wait for another Ctl-D, and so on (until I pressed Ctl-D twice in succession to end the loop). There is probably a 1024 byte buffer. Try filling it up and see if you get something before you hit CTRL-D. Otherwise, the writers have to flush the buffer if they want a line to be sent before the buffer fills up. C++ endl would do this, I believe, in addition to printing '\n'. Note that terminals (what you get if you are typing from the command line) are terminals and behave quite differently than open files. Is it possible to configure this to pass each line of input into line as it comes? It's up to the writer to flush the buffers. There's not much you can do, so just learn to live with it. It sounds like you want to write some kind of interactive program for the terminal. Do yourself a favor and use curses or go with a full- blown GUI. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Why custom objects take so much memory?
Hi, after a couple of days of script debugging, I kind of found that some assumptions I was doing about the memory complexity of my classes are not true. I decided to do a simple script to isolate the problem: class MyClass: def __init__(self,s): self.mystring = s mylist = [] for i in range(1024*1024): mylist.append(MyClass(str(i))) #allocation #stage 1 mylist = None gc.collect() #stage 2 I take measures of the memory consumption of the script at #stage1 and #stage 2 and I obtain: #stage1 - 238MB #stage2 - 15MB That means every object is around 223 bytes in size That's too much considering it only contains a string with a maximum size of 7 chars. If you change the allocation line for this other: mylist.append(str(i)) #we don't create the custom class, but append the string directly into the list the numbers decrease substantially to: #stage1 - 47.6MB #stage2 - 15MB (so this time we can say string vars occupy around 32 bytesstill a lot, isn't it?) So, what's exactly going on behind the scenes? Why is using custom objects SO expensive? What other ways of creating structures can be used (cheaper in memory usage)? Thanks a lot in advance! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: checking a string against multiple patterns
On Dec 18, 4:41 am, tomasz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is there an alternative to it? Am I missing something? Python doesn't have special variables $1, $2 (right?) so you must assign the result of a match to a variable, to be able to access the groups. I'd appreciate any hints. Don't use regexes for something as simple as this. Try find(). Most of the time I use regexes in perl (90%+) I am doing something that can be done much better using the string methods and some simple operations. Plus, it turns out to be faster than perl usually. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Changing intobject to use int rather than long
Clarence [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] | That's an excellent point. And true, too. Thanks, that will lay the | issue to rest. Good idea. I think people who moved to 64 bits to get 64 bits would be upset if they did not ;-). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: is it possible to install 2 Python versions on windows XP ?
I finally found a way to let everything work: My base system is a stable Scipy installation, based on Python 2.4, with a few extra or updated libraries. This Python installation is completed with RPYC and PyScripter, to form a good workplace to develop GUI through wxPython. Installing of a working Python 2.5 version is done in the following way: - get a winXP system on which Python is not necessary - install on that PC Python 2.5 - copy from windows\system32\Python25.dll to the root where you installed Python 2.5 - now you can move the newly created root map to any place you like - place a shortcut to python.exe on your desktop - drop any file you like to run in Python 2.5 on the shortcut Seems to work like a charm. But maybe there might be better ways. cheers, Stef -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New+old-style multiple inheritance
On 18 dic, 12:08, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: We are trying to monkey-patch a third-party library that mixes new and old-style classes with multiple inheritance. In so doing we have uncovered some unexpected behaviour: quote class Foo: pass class Bar(object): pass class Baz(Foo,Bar): pass # Monkey-patch Foo to add a special method def my_nonzero(self): print my_nonzero called return False Foo.__nonzero__ = my_nonzero b = Baz() print doing the test on Baz(Foo,Bar). Should return false if b: print true else: print false /quote Produces this output: doing the test on Baz(Foo,Bar). Should return false true With some experimentation it is clear that this behaviour only occurs when you combine new+old-style multiple inheritance, monkey-patching and special methods. If Foo and Bar are either old or new-style it works. calling b.__nonzero__() directly works. Defining __nonzero__ within Foo works. I know this level of messing with python internals is a bit risky but I'm wondering why the above code doesn't work. I think I can barely explain what happens here (but I may be absolutely wrong! Please someone with greater knowledge of Python innards correct whatever is wrong on my description!) type objects contain slots (function pointers) corresponding to the magic methods like __nonzero__ (this one is stored into the nb_nonzero slot). new-style classes are types; old-style classes are not (they're all instances of classobj). The slots are populated when a new type is created (e.g., when creating a new-style class) and are updated when a magic attribute is set onto the type. By example, setting the __nonzero__ attribute on a new-style class updates the nb_nonzero slot. old-style classes just store the magic attribute in its __dict__. Note that if you patch Foo *before* defining Baz, it works fine, because Baz sees the magic attribute and can populate its nb_nonzero slot when the new type is created. When you define Baz, neither Foo nor Bar have a __nonzero__ at this time, so the nb_nonzero slot on Baz is empty. Later, when you alter Foo, Baz cannot notice it (Foo has no way to notify Baz that something changed). If Foo were a new-style class, things are different: new-style classes maintain a list of subclasses, and the subclasses can then be notified of changes. In particular, setting a magic attribute on a base class notifies all its subclasses, and the corresponding slots are updated. The problem seems to be exactly that: old-style base classes can't notify its derived new-style classes when magic methods are added, so the corresponding slots aren't updated. Always asking the base class whether it has a magic method or not would slow down all method lookups. To force a slot update: py Baz.__nonzero__ = xxx py del Baz.__nonzero__ py bool(b) my_nonzero called False (setting or deleting __nonzero__ triggers the slot update) This is *why* it happens. How to avoid this... well, don't do that in the first place :) Or try to patch the base class *before* the new- style derived class is defined. Or replace the derived class with a new version of itself (once the base was patched). Or, if you know all the derived classes, force a slot update on them as above. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Funny python cartoon... hope it's not a repost
http://xkcd.com/353/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Another newbie design question
[EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit : Fortran (1957) had line comments. C (1972) replaced these with non- nested block comments. C++ (1983) added here-to-EOL comments. Python (1991) keeps here-to-EOL comments but replaces block comments with multi-line quotes. Block comments and multi-line quotes both serve the same purpose as doc comments. Block comments, especially if they nest, are helpful for commenting out code. Multi-line quotes serve to add text. Is Python, in this particular, an advance over C++? I wrote a lot of Java (here-to-EOL and block comments) without ever feeling the need for multi-line quotes. I wrote a lot of Java without ever feeling the need for things functions as objects, lexical closures, lazy evaluation, anonymous functions etc. Then I learned to use these features and couldn't stand coding in Java no more. I've written a little Perl and found multi-line quotes useful for responding to -help switches. On the other hand -help switches are very old-fashioned, a direction I'll not be pointing my tiny beginner's language. old-fashioned ? Do you have something better to suggest ? Please keep in mind that most servers don't have GUIs (for obvious reasons). But multiline strings are not only useful for old-fashioned -help switches - they are useful anywhere you need a quick and simple text templating system - be it html, javascript, SQL, whatever - and using a full blown templating system would be overkill. IOW, like a lot of other features, it's not that you cannot do without, but it really helps when it's available *and* braindead easy to setup and use. My 2 cents... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Another newbie design question
[EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit : (snip) I'd like to hear from people who use Python's multi-line strings other than in doc comments. Then: do you hear me ?-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Funny python cartoon... hope it's not a repost
Breal a écrit : http://xkcd.com/353/ Bad luck: it *is* a repost. While we're at it, did you notice the alternate text for the image ?-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why only an msi-installer for windows ?
I think as msi is The *Windows Installer* .. is an engine for the installation, maintenance, and removal of software on modern Microsoft Windows http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows systems (from Wikipaedia), it's clear it's a Windows product ... not sure that they're up for putting it on other operating systems .. but you may want to email Bill G and ask him .. Tim Stef Mientki wrote: hello, having a lot of trouble installing 2.5 (without affecting my stable 2.4), I wonder why there's only a msi installer for windows users ? thanks, Stef -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Newbie observations
Warning! Complaints coming. The good news is that 10-days of part-time Python coding has convinced me that I picked the right language. Now, observations. First, it is absolutely horrible being a newbie. I'd forgot how bad it was. In addition to making a fool of yourself in public, you have to look up everything. I wanted to find a substring in a string. OK, Python's a serious computer language, so you know it's got a function to do this. But where? Look it up in the function reference. OK, where's the function reference? A line of code that you'd type in a second is a ten-minute search. Thank God for google. Second, would anyone mind if we tossed the semi-colon (which this newbie is forever forgetting)? I think the language is parsable without it. Third, could our classes be a little more selfless? Or a lot more selfless? The Stroustrup's idea of having the compiler, not the programmer, worry about the self pointer was an excellent decision. What was van Rossum thinking? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rounding
Adding 0.5, then converting to an int always works for me. x = 6.345 int( x + 0.5 ) 6 Ron - Original Message - From: katie smith [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: python-list@python.org Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 9:09 AM Subject: Rounding if i have a number 6.345 and i wanted it to be 6 without subtracting .345 because it won't always be .345 what do i do? how do i round to the nearest whole number. Or in this case round down. Is there an easy way to round down to the nearest whole number? Never miss a thing. Make Yahoo your home page. http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Passing arguments to exe
On Dec 15, 6:46 pm, Dennis Lee Bieber [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Fri, 14 Dec 2007 16:38:28 -0800 (PST), [EMAIL PROTECTED] declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: The executable runs, but no argument appears to get passed into it. Of course, I don't really know that for sure as the executable doesn't redirect stdout/stderr. I tried doing something like this in the above reg entry: cmd /C c:\program files\myProg.exe %1 c:\program files\myProg.exe %1 c:\program files\myProg.exe What happens if you put the %1 OUTSIDE the quotes... cmd /c c:\program files\myProg.exe %1 After all, if the quotes are being used to keep the command line seeing program files as a single term in the path, then your quotes are also treating myProg.exe %1 as a single term. -- WulfraedDennis Lee Bieber KD6MOG [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/ (Bestiaria Support Staff: [EMAIL PROTECTED]) HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/ This works: c:\program files\myProg.exe %1 Thanks for the tip. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why custom objects take so much memory?
On Dec 18, 2007 1:26 PM, jsanshef [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, after a couple of days of script debugging, I kind of found that some assumptions I was doing about the memory complexity of my classes are not true. I decided to do a simple script to isolate the problem: class MyClass: def __init__(self,s): self.mystring = s mylist = [] for i in range(1024*1024): mylist.append(MyClass(str(i))) #allocation #stage 1 mylist = None gc.collect() #stage 2 I take measures of the memory consumption of the script at #stage1 and #stage 2 and I obtain: #stage1 - 238MB #stage2 - 15MB That means every object is around 223 bytes in size That's too much considering it only contains a string with a maximum size of 7 chars. Classes are fairly heavyweight - in your case you've got the size of the PyObject struct, a dictionary for class attributes (which itself is another pyobject), and the string object (yet another pyobject), and the actual string data. If you change the allocation line for this other: mylist.append(str(i)) #we don't create the custom class, but append the string directly into the list the numbers decrease substantially to: #stage1 - 47.6MB #stage2 - 15MB (so this time we can say string vars occupy around 32 bytesstill a lot, isn't it?) string objects don't have dictionaries and are smaller than regular python objects. So, what's exactly going on behind the scenes? Why is using custom objects SO expensive? What other ways of creating structures can be used (cheaper in memory usage)? If you're worried about per-instance memory costs Python is probably not the language for your purposes. On the other hand, odds are that you actually don't need to worry so much. You can reduce the size of new-style classes (inherit from object) by quite a bit if you use __slots__ to eliminate the class dictionary. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New+old-style multiple inheritance
On Dec 18, 10:08 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: We are trying to monkey-patch a third-party library that mixes new and old-style classes with multiple inheritance. New library? Geez, if people are dumb enough to do this, are you sure you want your application to depend on their library? Sometimes you have to work with code that's not up to your standards, but come on. Carl Banks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why custom objects take so much memory?
jsanshef [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: That means every object is around 223 bytes in size That's too much considering it only contains a string with a maximum size of 7 chars. The list itself consumes 4 MB because it stores 1 million PyObject pointers. It possibly consumes more due to overallocation, but let's ignore that. Each object takes 36 bytes itself: 4 bytes refcount + 4 bytes type ptr + 4 bytes dict ptr + 4 bytes weakptr + 12 bytes gc overhead. That's not counting malloc overhead, which should be low since objects aren't malloced individually. Each object requires a dict, which consumes additional 52 bytes of memory (40 bytes for the dict struct plus 12 for gc). That's 88 bytes per object, not counting malloc overhead. Then there's string allocation: your average string is 6 chars long; add to that one additional char for the terminating zero. The string struct takes up 20 bytes + string length, rounded to nearest alignment. For your average case, that's 27 bytes, rounded (I assume) to 28. You also allocate 1024*1024 integers which are never freed (they're kept on a free list), and each of which takes up at least 12 bytes. All that adds up to 128 bytes per object, dispersed over several different object types. It doesn't surprise me that Python is eating 200+ MB of memory. So, what's exactly going on behind the scenes? Why is using custom objects SO expensive? What other ways of creating structures can be used (cheaper in memory usage)? Thanks a lot in advance! Use a new-style class and set __slots__: class MyClass(object): __slots__ = 'mystring', def __init__(self, s): self.mystring = s That brings down memory consumption to ~80MB, by cutting down the size of object instance and removing the dict. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie observations
On Dec 19, 7:14 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Warning! Complaints coming. The good news is that 10-days of part-time Python coding has convinced me that I picked the right language. Now, observations. First, it is absolutely horrible being a newbie. I'd forgot how bad it was. In addition to making a fool of yourself in public, [snip] Second, would anyone mind if we tossed the semi-colon (which this newbie is forever forgetting)? I think the language is parsable without it. Do you mean colon? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New+old-style multiple inheritance
On Dec 18, 2:09 pm, Jonathan Gardner [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 18, 7:08 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: We are trying to monkey-patch a third-party library that mixes new and old-style classes with multiple inheritance. In so doing we have uncovered some unexpected behaviour: snip I know this level of messing with python internals is a bit risky but I'm wondering why the above code doesn't work. You've already discovered why--you're mixing old and new style classes. Monkey patching is definitely unpythonic. You must be a Ruby guy. Why don't you try doing something else to get the behavior you want, something more explicit? Time and place. A well-considered, timely monkey-patch can sometimes save all kinds of workarounds and other headaches. Carl Banks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie observations
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: First, it is absolutely horrible being a newbie. I'd forgot how bad it was. In addition to making a fool of yourself in public, you have to look up everything. I wanted to find a substring in a string. OK, Python's a serious computer language, so you know it's got a function to do this. But where? Look it up in the function reference. OK, where's the function reference? A line of code that you'd type in a second is a ten-minute search. Thank God for google. If you're having trouble with some of Python's basic syntax (like slicing), you should go through the tutorial first: http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html It doesn't take too long, and you'll hit slicing by section 3.1.2. Second, would anyone mind if we tossed the semi-colon (which this newbie is forever forgetting)? I think the language is parsable without it. What are you using them for? They're only intended to separate two simple statements on the same line. I always use one statement per line, so I never see semi-colons. I highly recommend that you never use semi-colons either. Third, could our classes be a little more selfless? Or a lot more selfless? The Stroustrup's idea of having the compiler, not the programmer, worry about the self pointer was an excellent decision. What was van Rossum thinking? http://www.python.org/doc/faq/general/#why-must-self-be-used-explicitly-in-method-definitions-and-calls -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Another newbie design question
My 2 cents... Thanks for the feedback, Bruno. Seriously thinking about ditching the block comments and adding multi-line strings. (Block comments are the last item on my tokenizer's todo list. Multi-line strings would be easier.) Beginners will be programming fun things in a GUI environment. Think games. Brightly colored bouncing balls. Remember Pong? That's a Decaf- level program. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rounding
On Dec 19, 7:21 am, Ron Provost [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Adding 0.5, then converting to an int always works for me. x = 6.345 int( x + 0.5 ) 6 Always? x = -6.345 int(x + 0.5) -5 I therefore deduce that you have never crossed the equator :-) Be careful, doing that can be dangerous: http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/3.44.html#subj1.1 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lotus nsf to mbox
On Tue, 2007-12-18 at 19:25 +, Fabian Braennstroem wrote: Hi to all, thanks, I'll try your suggestions... Regards! Fabian Brian Munroe schrieb am 12/15/2007 07:10 PM: Well, If you wish to go that route, I believe you will have to reverse engineer the Notes Database binary structure because I've never seen it published anywhere. My suggestion, if you can use a Windows machine, just use the Lotus Notes COM Objects via the Python Win32 bindings, as mentioned above. If you really need to do it from Linux and are lucky enough to be running the IIOP task on your Domino server, then you could possibly use CORBA. You could always enable the IMAP interface on the Domino machine and use imaplib to retrieve the mail via IMAP. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why only an msi-installer for windows ?
On Dec 19, 7:11 am, Tim Couper [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think as msi is The *Windows Installer* .. is an engine for the installation, maintenance, and removal of software on modern Microsoft Windows http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows systems (from Wikipaedia), it's clear it's a Windows product ... not sure that they're up for putting it on other operating systems .. but you may want to email Bill G and ask him .. It all depends on context, none of which the OP has supplied, and how much weight one can attach to the position of only in his sentence. only a msi installer for windows users could mean Python supplies only an msi installer [no exe installer, as was the case for earlier Python versions] for Windows users. This presents difficulties installing Python 2.5 on antique versions of Windows. If Tim's interpretation is correct, it would help greatly if the OP would say explicitly what his platform is and what his real problem is, instead of asking why a purported solution doesn't exist. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New+old-style multiple inheritance
On Dec 18, 8:25 pm, Carl Banks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 18, 2:09 pm, Jonathan Gardner [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 18, 7:08 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: We are trying to monkey-patch a third-party library that mixes new and old-style classes with multiple inheritance. In so doing we have uncovered some unexpected behaviour: snip I know this level of messing with python internals is a bit risky but I'm wondering why the above code doesn't work. You've already discovered why--you're mixing old and new style classes. Monkey patching is definitely unpythonic. You must be a Ruby guy. Why don't you try doing something else to get the behavior you want, something more explicit? Time and place. A well-considered, timely monkey-patch can sometimes save all kinds of workarounds and other headaches. Carl Banks Indeed, I chuckled at the idea I was a Ruby programmer. Of course it's a bit of a hack but monkey-patching has been common place in the Zope world for years (maybe Zope3 has rid itself of the problem). Agreed, mixing new and old-style classes in multiple inheritance is asking for trouble (although the Guido's essay on the new-style classes suggests you can: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro/#subclassing). I won't name and shame the library involved but unfortunately we can't always pick and choose the tools we work with unless we want to write (or rewrite) everything ourselves. Cheers, Stephen. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New+old-style multiple inheritance
Thank Gabriel, That sounds exactly right and your work-around provides confirmation. This code is an expedient solution for us so I expect we'll go with forcing a slot update. Hopefully the library concerned is going to fix the problem in a future release. Cheers, Stephen. On Dec 18, 7:40 pm, Gabriel Genellina [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 18 dic, 12:08, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: We are trying to monkey-patch a third-party library that mixes new and old-style classes with multiple inheritance. In so doing we have uncovered some unexpected behaviour: quote class Foo: pass class Bar(object): pass class Baz(Foo,Bar): pass # Monkey-patch Foo to add a special method def my_nonzero(self): print my_nonzero called return False Foo.__nonzero__ = my_nonzero b = Baz() print doing the test on Baz(Foo,Bar). Should return false if b: print true else: print false /quote Produces this output: doing the test on Baz(Foo,Bar). Should return false true With some experimentation it is clear that this behaviour only occurs when you combine new+old-style multiple inheritance, monkey-patching and special methods. If Foo and Bar are either old or new-style it works. calling b.__nonzero__() directly works. Defining __nonzero__ within Foo works. I know this level of messing with python internals is a bit risky but I'm wondering why the above code doesn't work. I think I can barely explain what happens here (but I may be absolutely wrong! Please someone with greater knowledge of Python innards correct whatever is wrong on my description!) type objects contain slots (function pointers) corresponding to the magic methods like __nonzero__ (this one is stored into the nb_nonzero slot). new-style classes are types; old-style classes are not (they're all instances of classobj). The slots are populated when a new type is created (e.g., when creating a new-style class) and are updated when a magic attribute is set onto the type. By example, setting the __nonzero__ attribute on a new-style class updates the nb_nonzero slot. old-style classes just store the magic attribute in its __dict__. Note that if you patch Foo *before* defining Baz, it works fine, because Baz sees the magic attribute and can populate its nb_nonzero slot when the new type is created. When you define Baz, neither Foo nor Bar have a __nonzero__ at this time, so the nb_nonzero slot on Baz is empty. Later, when you alter Foo, Baz cannot notice it (Foo has no way to notify Baz that something changed). If Foo were a new-style class, things are different: new-style classes maintain a list of subclasses, and the subclasses can then be notified of changes. In particular, setting a magic attribute on a base class notifies all its subclasses, and the corresponding slots are updated. The problem seems to be exactly that: old-style base classes can't notify its derived new-style classes when magic methods are added, so the corresponding slots aren't updated. Always asking the base class whether it has a magic method or not would slow down all method lookups. To force a slot update: py Baz.__nonzero__ = xxx py del Baz.__nonzero__ py bool(b) my_nonzero called False (setting or deleting __nonzero__ triggers the slot update) This is *why* it happens. How to avoid this... well, don't do that in the first place :) Or try to patch the base class *before* the new- style derived class is defined. Or replace the derived class with a new version of itself (once the base was patched). Or, if you know all the derived classes, force a slot update on them as above. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Funny python cartoon... hope it's not a repost
On Dec 18, 11:56 am, Bruno Desthuilliers [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Breal a écrit : http://xkcd.com/353/ Bad luck: it *is* a repost. While we're at it, did you notice the alternate text for the image ?-) Did not notice the alt text... friggin hilarious!!! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why only an msi-installer for windows ?
On 18 dic, 15:54, Stef Mientki [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: having a lot of trouble installing 2.5 (without affecting my stable 2.4), I wonder why there's only a msi installer for windows users ? What's your problem? I have five versions installed (2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and svn) and they coexist peacefully. Just make sure when installing 2.5: a) use a different directory (obviously!) b) don't associate .py extension with this new version. Regarding the standard library, Python tries to locate it based on where the executable (python.exe) resides, so this should not be a problem. Better if you don't set a PYTHONPATH environment variable (usually there is no need to do that; if required, you can extend the search path using .pth files instead) -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to protect my new commercial software.
On Tue, 18 Dec 2007 17:04:29 +, Grant Edwards wrote: On 2007-12-18, Jan Claeys [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Op Fri, 14 Dec 2007 16:54:35 +, schreef Grant Edwards: Uh what? I don't know what country you're in, but in the US, it doesn't take any time at all to copyright something. The mere act of writing something copyrights it. I thought it was the same in Europe as well. No, it's only copyrighted when you _publish_ it. Interesting. So, in Europe, if somebody steals something you wrote before you get it published, they're free to do with it as they please? Please do not conflate theft and copyright infringement, or theft and plagiarism. They are very different concepts, and confusing them does not help. I'm glad it doesn't work that way here in the US. Over here, something is copyrighted as soon as it's written (actually I think the phrase is fixed in a medium or something like that). I'm not glad at all. The Change from an everything is uncopyrighted unless explicitly copyrighted model to a everything is copyrighted unless explicitly exempted model was only one of many deleterious changes to copyright law over the last half century or so. It means the merest throw-away scribble on a napkin has equal protection to the opus an author slaved over for thirty years (although in fairness you are unlikely to win a copyright case over the words Meet me at the bar scribbled on a napkin then tossed in a rubbish bin... *wink*). It means that there is a serious problem of orphan works, where rare and valuable films from the 1920s and earlier are rapidly decaying into an unusable powder because nobody dares copy them lest the unknown copyright owners descend like vultures and sue you for copyright infringement *after* you've done the hard work of restoring our cultural heritage. (Although the orphan works problem is at least equally as much a problem of excessively long copyrights as it is to do with automatic copyright.) I dare say that European countries which have had automatic copyright longer than the US have seen far more of their national heritage (early film, photographs and the like) rot away. Discussions of copyright so often focus on protecting the author's privileges and ignore the opportunity costs of locking up works. When works needed to be explicitly copyrighted, something of the order of just ONE PERCENT of authors bothered to copyright their published works -- and just one percent of them bothered to renew it for a second 14 year term. That gives you an idea of how valuable copyright really is. For every Mickey Mouse, there are 100,000 or more works that don't have enough economic value to the creator to bother protecting -- but they're part of our cultural heritage, and maybe somebody else could build on top of it, like Disney built their empire on other folks' uncopyrighted stories and ideas. Even Mickey Mouse himself got his start in a derivative work of Buster Keaton's Steamboat Bill Jr. This newsgroup is a perfect example of the fraud that is the idea of copyright. Every single post sent to the newsgroup is copyrighted, and yet they invariable have no economic value to the author. If they have any economic value, it is to the readers -- but they don't pay for it, and we authors don't ask for payment. In principle, anyone who forwards on something they read here, or uses a code snippet in their own work, is infringing copyright. We don't need copyright to encourage us to create works of this nature, and in fact this newsgroup can only exist by pretending copyright doesn't exist -- there are informal conventions that unless somebody explicitly states otherwise, any reader can forward on posts, copy and reuse code, and so forth. (Disclaimer: for the avoidance of all doubt, I'm not suggesting that ALL creative works should be uncopyrighted, or that no creative works benefit from the encouragement of copyright.) -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Funny python cartoon... hope it's not a repost
Breal [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: http://xkcd.com/353/ Instead of *hoping* it's not a repost, please search the group archives *before* posting. -- \ I'm beginning to think that life is just one long Yoko Ono | `\ album; no rhyme or reason, just a lot of incoherent shrieks and | _o__) then it's over. -- Ian Wolff | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Strict mode?
While enjoying the dynamic feature of Python I find it difficult to refactor code without breaking it. For example, if I modify a function to take more arguments, or arguments of different types, I'll need to manually find out all places where the function is called and make sure I modify them all, unlike in C/Java, where the compiler will do the work of checking function signatures, etc. I suppose there isn't a strict mode in Python. It would be helpful though, when I don't need things to be so dynamic, and this is often the case, when it comes to function arguments and return values, for example. Even a module level or function level flag would be very helpful to find broken code. Or, are there any third party tools that do this? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Don't use __slots__ (was Re: Why custom objects take so much memory?)
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Chris Mellon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: You can reduce the size of new-style classes (inherit from object) by quite a bit if you use __slots__ to eliminate the class dictionary. You can also reduce your functionality quite a bit by using __slots__. Someday I'll have time to write up a proper page about why you shouldn't use __slots__ -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) * http://www.pythoncraft.com/ Typing is cheap. Thinking is expensive. --Roy Smith -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to protect my new commercial software.
On 2007-12-18, Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Tue, 18 Dec 2007 17:04:29 +, Grant Edwards wrote: On 2007-12-18, Jan Claeys [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Op Fri, 14 Dec 2007 16:54:35 +, schreef Grant Edwards: Uh what? I don't know what country you're in, but in the US, it doesn't take any time at all to copyright something. The mere act of writing something copyrights it. I thought it was the same in Europe as well. No, it's only copyrighted when you _publish_ it. Interesting. So, in Europe, if somebody steals something you wrote before you get it published, they're free to do with it as they please? Please do not conflate theft and copyright infringement, or theft and plagiarism. I wasn't. If I write something down and somebody steals that paper, that's theft. They are very different concepts, and confusing them does not help. Sorry if I was unclear. The stealing was of the medium containing the authored work. -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! Used staples are good at with SOY SAUCE! visi.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Strict mode?
On Dec 19, 9:03 am, Jack [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: While enjoying the dynamic feature of Python I find it difficult to refactor code without breaking it. For example, if I modify a function to take more arguments, or arguments of different types, I'll need to manually find out all places where the function is called and make sure I modify them all, unlike in C/Java, where the compiler will do the work of checking function signatures, etc. This specific problem can be addressed at least partially by setting reasonable defaults for new arguments. This is a necessary technique when the publisher of a language or a module/package wants to extend the functionality of a function or method without introducing a new name for the function/method. The general problem is usually addressed in dynamic languages by running a test suite. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Allowing Arbitrary Indentation in Python
On 2007-12-18, Sam [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
A friend of mine is picking up some Python and is frustrated by
Python's indentation rules (http://greatbiggary.livejournal.com/
260460.html?thread=1835884#t1835884). Personally, I've never had any
issues with Python's ways of indentation, but that conversation got me
thinking about the issue.
Consider the following indentation rules:
1. Blocks begin with a line ending in :
2. A line on the same indentation level or lower ends a block.
Under those rules, this would work:
layouts = ['column', 'form', 'frame']
cmds.window(t='gwfUI Builder')
cmds.paneLayout(configuration='vertical3', ps=((1, 25, 100), (3, 20,
100)))
cmds.paneLayout(configuration='horizontal2')
cmds.frameLayout(l='Layouts')
cmds.scrollLayout(cr=True)
cmds.columnLayout(adj=True, cat=('both', 2))
for i in layouts:
cmds.button(l=i)
cmds.setParent('..')
cmds.setParent('..')
cmds.setParent('..')
cmds.setParent('..')
cmds.setParent('..')
cmds.showWindow()
And you think that example is an argument in _favor_ of what
you propose?
Do such rules make sense?
IMO, no.
Is there any way to make code work that way in Python?
no.
Should there be?
God no.
Code should work the way it looks and look the way it works.
Changing the language in order to allow authors to mislead
readers is a bad thing.
Does that make this sort of code more or less readable?
You must be joking.
--
Grant Edwards grante Yow! I joined scientology
at at a garage sale!!
visi.com
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
