Re: XML-XSD Processing/Creation.
paul wrote: Can i create python classes based off the XSD files? What else can I do with the XSD files? This might be worth looking at: http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/#generateDS If it's really such a complex XML language, the tool above might or might not be of any help, as it doesn't support the whole XSD standard (and XML Schema is very complex). It's worth a try, but don't expect too much. The lxml way of dealing with XML languages is namespace implementation: http://codespeak.net/lxml/dev/element_classes.html#id1 However, there isn't currently a way to automatically bootstrap an implementation, especially not in XSD, so it depends on the language how much work it will be to get this to a usable state. Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ElementTree should parse string and file in the same way
Hi, Chris Mellon wrote: On that note, I really don't like APIs that take either a file name or a file object - I can open my own files, thanks. ... and HTTP URLs, and FTP URLs. In lxml, there is a performance difference between passing an open file (which is read in Python space using the read() method) and passing a file name or URL, which is passed on to libxml2 (and thus doesn't require the GIL at parse time). That's only one reason why I like APIs that allow me to pass anything that points to a file - be it an open file object, a local file path or a URL - and they just Do The Right Thing with it. I find that totally pythonic. open(fname) is even shorter than StringIO(somedata). It doesn't serve the same purpose, though. My take on the API decision in question was always that a file is inherently an XML *document*, while a string is inherently an XML *fragment*. Not inherently, no. I know some people who do web processing with an XML document coming in as a string (from an HTTP request) and a result XML document going out as a string. I don't think that's an uncommon use case. Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
shelve and nested dictionaries
I'm a newbie to Python, with some experience using perl (where I used
nested arrays and hashes extensively). I am building a script in
python for a MUD I play, and I want to use the shelve module to store
persistent information between script executions. The following code
does not work for me,
import shelve, sys, os, string
db = shelve.open(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])) + '/' +
'sandbox.dat', 'c')
db['JustSomeVariable'] = 'apple'
db['subdb'] = {}
db['subdb']['anotherdict'] = {}
db['subdb']['anotherdict']['bleh'] = 'hello world'
db.close()
of course, that's just a working example but it illustrates the
problem i'm having. I think shelve objects act like dictionaries in a
way, at least they seem to have dictionary keys beneath them. And I
don't seem to have this problem when I use a normal dictionary as
opposed to shelve for nesting other dictionaries.
So i'm now confused, i've hit a brick wall and i'm not sure how to
solve this problem.
Can anyone explain what i'm doing wrong?
Thanks
--
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Re: sending commands in body of HTTP with urllib2
Astan Chee wrote:
Hi,
Im trying to implement the logic from
http://www.hypothetic.org/docs/msn/general/http_connections.php to a
simple python code using urllib2 and some parts of urllib. Im behind a
http proxy that requires authentication that is why Im using urllib2. Im
asking for help on how to send commands in a body of a HTTP before
requesting for response. What am I doing wrong? I only get the response
from the server but my commands never seem to be acknowledged or
properly handled.
I've tried a httplib implementation for it, and now it keeps giving me
an Error 400 (bad request) / Invalid header name as a response. What am
I doing wrong? is the server depreciated? or not working like the
document describes it? Thanks again for any help. Below is my code
import httplib
import base64
import urllib
USER='user'
PASS='pass'
url =
'http://gateway.messenger.hotmail.com/gateway/gateway.dll?Action=openServer=NSIP=messenger.hotmail.com'
values = 'VER 5 MSNP8 CVR0\r\n'
user_pass = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' %
(urllib.unquote(USER),urllib.unquote(PASS)))
authheader = Basic %s % user_pass
proxy_authorization='Proxy-authorization: Basic '+user_pass+'\r\n'
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(proxy.com.au, 8080)
conn.connect()
conn.putrequest(POST, url)
conn.putheader('Accept','*/*')
conn.putheader('Accept-Language','en-us')
conn.putheader('Accept-Encoding','gzip, deflate')
conn.putheader('User-agent','MSMSGS')
conn.putheader('Host','gateway.messenger.hotmail.com')
conn.putheader('Proxy-Connection','Keep-Alive')
conn.putheader('Pragma','no-cache')
conn.putheader('Content-Type','application/x-msn-messenger')
conn.putheader('content-length',str(len(values)))
conn.putheader('Proxy-authorization',authheader)
conn.endheaders()
conn.send(values)
r = conn.getresponse()
print r.status, r.reason
print r.msg
print r.read()
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Re: shelve and nested dictionaries
Matthew Schibler wrote:
I'm a newbie to Python, with some experience using perl (where I used
nested arrays and hashes extensively). I am building a script in
python for a MUD I play, and I want to use the shelve module to store
persistent information between script executions. The following code
does not work for me,
import shelve, sys, os, string
db = shelve.open(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])) + '/' +
'sandbox.dat', 'c')
db['JustSomeVariable'] = 'apple'
db['subdb'] = {}
db['subdb']['anotherdict'] = {}
db['subdb']['anotherdict']['bleh'] = 'hello world'
db.close()
of course, that's just a working example but it illustrates the
problem i'm having. I think shelve objects act like dictionaries in a
way, at least they seem to have dictionary keys beneath them.
the shelve module only tracks changes to the shelf itself (i.e.
db[key]), not changes to to mutable objects stored in the shelve).
to change a mutable object, you have to fetch it, modify it, and then
write it back:
value = db[key]
... update value ...
db[key] = value
in Python 2.3 and later, the shelve can help you with this, to some
extent; from the help page:
To avoid the problem with mutable entries, you may pass
the keyword argument writeback=True in the call to
shelve.open. When you use:
d = shelve.open(filename, writeback=True)
then d keeps a cache of all entries you access, and writes
them all back to the persistent mapping when you call
d.close(). This ensures that such usage as
d[key].append(anitem) works as intended.
However, using keyword argument writeback=True may consume
vast amount of memory for the cache, and it may make
d.close() very slow, if you access many of d's entries
after opening it in this way: d has no way to check which
of the entries you access are mutable and/or which ones
you actually mutate, so it must cache, and write back at
close, all of the entries that you access. You can call
d.sync() to write back all the entries in the cache, and
empty the cache (d.sync() also synchronizes the persistent
dictionary on disk, if feasible).
/F
--
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Re: Manually installing PIL
Jose Ignacio Gisbert wrote: Does somebody install PIL manually??, I mean, copy directories manually without executing setup.py. I saw an identical message from Guirai, but I didn’t see any response. Thanks in advance! PIL's just a bunch of modules in a single PIL directory; you can put that directory (or the modules themselves) wherever you want. (if you're on windows, unzip the EXE installer to get the files) /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Extracting files from an ISO image?
On Jan 2, 7:07 pm, Rob Williscroft [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Ant wrote in news:34a84caa-5387-40a2-a808- 1) Is there a module out there for extracting files from an ISO? There are command line programs that can do this: http://cdrecord.berlios.de/old/private/cdrecord.html ... One problem you may have is daemon tools will mount cd images that aren't iso images, where as isoinfo appears to handle only genuine iso file systems. Cheers for the pointers. I'll try out the isoinfo tool, as my intention was to extract the images on the fly. If it turns out to be slow though (or problematic - I assume you mean that images in e.g. joliet format may not be parsed properly), I'll probably end up extracting the images and caching them on disk on the addition of new iso's by simply mounting the image as Grant pointed out. And it looks like wxPython may have support for icons in an img2py script, so that may sway me toward wxPython over TkInter. Cheers, -- Ant. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Cloning Environments
gamename wrote: Hi, I have several machines running Linux (mostly fedora6) and Windows (mostly XP). I'm thinking of using easy_install to create as uniform an environment as possible for all of them. Cloning the environment, to put it another way. Is there a good example somewhere showing how to do this? I'm new to easy_install and relatively new to python. You might be interested in workingenv.py/virtualenv.py Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PyObject_CallObject code dump after calling 4 times
I have a following C++ code which uses PyObject_CallObject to evaluate
expressions dynamically. This code sets the input parameters for the
function also dynamically. After calling this function 4 times (with
these shown values), PyObject_CallObject causes application to crash
in frame_dealloc.
1) Can some one please help me understand why is this crash happening
in frame_dealloc how to solve it?
2) Is there anything wrong I am doing about incrementing or
decrementing the reference counts of the object passed to
PyObject_CallObject?
3) Is it because of the big value (2299265.50) I am trying to
convert from double to float using PyFloat_FromDouble?
//= code reduced for readability
===
switch(ndtyp){
case(INT_T):
{
printf(PyInt_FromLong val %d, var %s
\n,inputVar.nionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyInt_FromLong(inputVar.nionum);
break;
}
case(LONG_T):
{
printf(PyLong_FromLong val %ld, var %s
\n,inputVar.lionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyLong_FromLong(inputVar.lionum);
break;
}
case(FLOAT_T):
{
printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.fionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyFloat_FromDouble(inputVar.fionum);
break;
}
case(DOUBLE_T):
{
printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.dionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyFloat_FromDouble(inputVar.dionum);
break;
}
case(STRING_T):
{
printf(PyString_FromString val %s, var %s
\n,inputVar.ioString,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyString_FromString(inputVar.ioString);
break;
}
default:
printf(Unknown data type [%d] for %s\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
}
if(!val){
ret = -1;
printf(Failed to convert %d %s to PyObject\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName); fflush(stdout);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
break;
}
PyTuple_SetItem(pTuple, nCtr, val);
Py_XDECREF(val);
}
// all variables are set, call Python function
Py_XINCREF(pTuple);
PyObject *pResult = PyObject_CallObject(pEvalFunc-
pPyEvalFunction,pTuple);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
if(PyErr_Occurred()){
PyErr_Print();
} else {
char* plevel = NULL;
if(NULL != (plevel = PyString_AsString(pResult))){
ret = 0;
sprintf(szEvalResult,%s,plevel);
}
}
Py_XDECREF(pResult);
Following crash (back trace) appears when I run this in GDB. The
expression that was getting evaluated at this time is:
def DangerousQuantity(size,maxvol,adv):
if((size1000 and (maxvol1) and (size0.001*adv))):
return Dangerous
else:
return FAIL
//--- Crash dump information values of variables passed
to this expression
Categorizing the order
pyParserEvaluator evaluating category function DangerousTactic
PyString_FromString val R, var aestactic
PyLong_FromLong val 1139, var endtime
PyLong_FromLong val 599, var starttime
PyLong_FromLong val 23, var Aggr
PyObject_CallObject done, do Py_XDECREF-pTuple
Final result FAIL
doing Py_XDECREF(pResult
pyParserEvaluator evaluating category function MediumTactic
PyString_FromString val R, var aestactic
PyLong_FromLong val 1139, var endtime
PyLong_FromLong val 599, var starttime
PyLong_FromLong val 23, var Aggr
PyObject_CallObject done, do Py_XDECREF-pTuple
Final result FAIL
doing Py_XDECREF(pResult
pyParserEvaluator evaluating category function SafeTactic
PyString_FromString val R, var aestactic
PyLong_FromLong val 1139, var endtime
PyLong_FromLong val 599, var starttime
PyLong_FromLong val 23, var Aggr
PyObject_CallObject done, do Py_XDECREF-pTuple
Final result FAIL
doing Py_XDECREF(pResult
pyParserEvaluator evaluating category function DangerousQuantity
PyLong_FromLong val 1, var size
PyLong_FromLong val 0, var maxvol
PyFloat_FromDouble val 2299265.50, var adv
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
[Switching to Thread 82336688 (LWP 27652)]
0xc000 in ?? ()
(gdb) where
#0 0xc000 in ?? ()
#1 0x0285e59e in frame_dealloc (f=0xf5a2f68c) at Objects/
frameobject.c:106
#2 0x0281a4b1 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx (co=0xf5a69990, globals=0x2884120,
locals=0x0, args=0x288bca0, argcount=3, kws=0x0, kwcount=0,
defs=0x0, defcount=0, closure=0x0) at Python/ceval.c:2609
#3 0x0285f551 in function_call (func=0xf5a694c4, arg=0xf5a47c3c,
kw=0x0) at Objects/funcobject.c:476
#4 0x027e1e04 in PyObject_Call (func=0xf5a2003c, arg=0xf5a47c3c,
kw=0x0) at Objects/abstract.c:1688
#5 0x0281b3eb in PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords (func=0xf5a694c4,
arg=0xf5a47c3c, kw=0x0) at Python/ceval.c:3058
#6 0x027e1de3 in PyObject_CallObject (o=0xf5a694c4, a=0xf5a47c3c) at
Objects/abstract.c:1679
#7 0x027dd6fd in pyParserEvaluator::EvaluateCategory
Re: PyObject_CallObject code dump after calling 4 times
grbgooglefan wrote:
I have a following C++ code which uses PyObject_CallObject to evaluate
expressions dynamically. This code sets the input parameters for the
function also dynamically. After calling this function 4 times (with
these shown values), PyObject_CallObject causes application to crash
in frame_dealloc.
1) Can some one please help me understand why is this crash happening
in frame_dealloc how to solve it?
2) Is there anything wrong I am doing about incrementing or
decrementing the reference counts of the object passed to
PyObject_CallObject?
if something crashes after a while, it's almost always a reference count
error.
default:
printf(Unknown data type [%d] for %s\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
}
what's val set to if this happens?
if(!val){
ret = -1;
printf(Failed to convert %d %s to PyObject\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName); fflush(stdout);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
break;
}
PyTuple_SetItem(pTuple, nCtr, val);
Py_XDECREF(val);
}
PyTuple_SetItem steals a reference
http://docs.python.org/api/refcountDetails.html
so you shouldn't DECREF val yourself.
// all variables are set, call Python function
Py_XINCREF(pTuple);
this isn't necessary, and will (most likely) result in a leak.
PyObject *pResult = PyObject_CallObject(pEvalFunc-
pPyEvalFunction,pTuple);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
if(PyErr_Occurred()){
PyErr_Print();
} else {
char* plevel = NULL;
if(NULL != (plevel = PyString_AsString(pResult))){
ret = 0;
sprintf(szEvalResult,%s,plevel);
shouldn't you check the size of plevel here, before copying it to
szEvalResult? (and what's wrong with using strcpy to do the copy,
btw?)
/F
--
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Re: PyObject_CallObject code dump after calling 4 times
On Thursday 03 January 2008, grbgooglefan wrote:
I have a following C++ code which uses PyObject_CallObject to evaluate
expressions dynamically. This code sets the input parameters for the
function also dynamically. After calling this function 4 times (with
these shown values), PyObject_CallObject causes application to crash
in frame_dealloc.
1) Can some one please help me understand why is this crash happening
in frame_dealloc how to solve it?
2) Is there anything wrong I am doing about incrementing or
decrementing the reference counts of the object passed to
PyObject_CallObject?
Yes.
3) Is it because of the big value (2299265.50) I am trying to
convert from double to float using PyFloat_FromDouble?
//= code reduced for readability
===
switch(ndtyp){
case(INT_T):
{
printf(PyInt_FromLong val %d, var %s
\n,inputVar.nionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyInt_FromLong(inputVar.nionum);
break;
}
case(LONG_T):
{
printf(PyLong_FromLong val %ld, var %s
\n,inputVar.lionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyLong_FromLong(inputVar.lionum);
break;
}
case(FLOAT_T):
{
printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.fionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyFloat_FromDouble(inputVar.fionum);
break;
}
case(DOUBLE_T):
{
printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.dionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyFloat_FromDouble(inputVar.dionum);
break;
}
case(STRING_T):
{
printf(PyString_FromString val %s, var %s
\n,inputVar.ioString,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyString_FromString(inputVar.ioString);
break;
}
default:
printf(Unknown data type [%d] for %s\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
}
if(!val){
ret = -1;
printf(Failed to convert %d %s to PyObject\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName); fflush(stdout);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
break;
}
PyTuple_SetItem(pTuple, nCtr, val);
Py_XDECREF(val);
Don't do this - PyTuple_SetItem() steals a reference to val.
}
// all variables are set, call Python function
Py_XINCREF(pTuple);
Why do this?
PyObject *pResult = PyObject_CallObject(pEvalFunc-
pPyEvalFunction,pTuple);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
Why do this?
if(PyErr_Occurred()){
PyErr_Print();
} else {
char* plevel = NULL;
if(NULL != (plevel = PyString_AsString(pResult))){
ret = 0;
sprintf(szEvalResult,%s,plevel);
}
}
Py_XDECREF(pResult);
pTuple will now have the same number of references as when you started the
above code, so you may want to Py_DECREF() it.
Phil
--
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Re: ElementTree should parse string and file in the same way
Stefan Behnel wrote: My take on the API decision in question was always that a file is inherently an XML *document*, while a string is inherently an XML *fragment*. Not inherently, no. I know some people who do web processing with an XML document coming in as a string (from an HTTP request) /.../ in which case you probably want to stream the raw XML through the parser *as it arrives*, to reduce latency (to do that, either parse from a file-like object, or feed data directly to a parser instance, via the consumer protocol). also, putting large documents in a *single* Python string can be quite inefficient. it's often more efficient to use lists of string fragments. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Installing pcaplib
Hi All, I am trying to install pylibpcap-0.6.1 but i am getting these errors . python ./setup.py install . . . . . constants.c:172: (near initialization for `pcapmodule_DLT[52]') pcap.c: In function `init_pcap': pcap.c:4246: structure has no member named `value' pcap.c:4260: warning: passing arg 3 of `PyModule_AddStringConstant' discards qualifiers from pointer target type error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 Please tell me how to solve this problem.Do i have to install anything else before installing this library. Thanks in Advance Ashish -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyObject_CallObject code dump after calling 4 times
On Jan 3, 8:02 pm, Phil Thompson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
On Thursday 03 January 2008, grbgooglefan wrote:
I have a following C++ code which uses PyObject_CallObject to evaluate
expressions dynamically. This code sets the input parameters for the
function also dynamically. After calling this function 4 times (with
these shown values), PyObject_CallObject causes application to crash
in frame_dealloc.
1) Can some one please help me understand why is this crash happening
in frame_dealloc how to solve it?
2) Is there anything wrong I am doing about incrementing or
decrementing the reference counts of the object passed to
PyObject_CallObject?
Yes.
3) Is it because of the big value (2299265.50) I am trying to
convert from double to float using PyFloat_FromDouble?
//= code reduced for readability
===
switch(ndtyp){
case(INT_T):
{
printf(PyInt_FromLong val %d, var %s
\n,inputVar.nionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyInt_FromLong(inputVar.nionum);
break;
}
case(LONG_T):
{
printf(PyLong_FromLong val %ld, var %s
\n,inputVar.lionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyLong_FromLong(inputVar.lionum);
break;
}
case(FLOAT_T):
{
printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.fionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyFloat_FromDouble(inputVar.fionum);
break;
}
case(DOUBLE_T):
{
printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.dionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyFloat_FromDouble(inputVar.dionum);
break;
}
case(STRING_T):
{
printf(PyString_FromString val %s, var %s
\n,inputVar.ioString,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyString_FromString(inputVar.ioString);
break;
}
default:
printf(Unknown data type [%d] for %s\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
}
if(!val){
ret = -1;
printf(Failed to convert %d %s to PyObject\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName); fflush(stdout);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
break;
}
PyTuple_SetItem(pTuple, nCtr, val);
Py_XDECREF(val);
Don't do this - PyTuple_SetItem() steals a reference to val.
}
// all variables are set, call Python function
Py_XINCREF(pTuple);
Why do this?
PyObject *pResult = PyObject_CallObject(pEvalFunc-
pPyEvalFunction,pTuple);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
Why do this?
if(PyErr_Occurred()){
PyErr_Print();
} else {
char* plevel = NULL;
if(NULL != (plevel = PyString_AsString(pResult))){
ret = 0;
sprintf(szEvalResult,%s,plevel);
}
}
Py_XDECREF(pResult);
pTuple will now have the same number of references as when you started the
above code, so you may want to Py_DECREF() it.
Phil- Hide quoted text -
- Show quoted text -
Thanks for all the responses.
These help me.
I could simulate this crash in my small test program I think (I
could be wrong also) it is because of extraneous Py_XDECREF of
PyObject *val which I am using to convert variables to tuple.
When I change the code to simple do like this, it works fine.
PyTuple_SetItem(pytuple,0,PyLong_FromLong(size));
PyTuple_SetItem(pytuple,1,PyLong_FromLong(maxvol));
PyTuple_SetItem(pytuple,2,PyFloat_FromDouble(adv));
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Re: Cloning Environments
You might be interested in workingenv.py/virtualenv.py Thanks! That looks promising. -T -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Installing pcaplib
ashish wrote: Hi All, I am trying to install pylibpcap-0.6.1 but i am getting these errors . python ./setup.py install . . . . . constants.c:172: (near initialization for `pcapmodule_DLT[52]') pcap.c: In function `init_pcap': pcap.c:4246: structure has no member named `value' pcap.c:4260: warning: passing arg 3 of `PyModule_AddStringConstant' discards qualifiers from pointer target type error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 Please tell me how to solve this problem.Do i have to install anything else before installing this library. Seems like a version-conflict. See which structure pcap.c:4246 refers to, and from what include it stems. If it's a 3rd-party-lib, install the proper version. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reassign to builtin possible !?
Bernhard Merkle wrote: Hi there, I am reading Learning Python 3e from Mark Lutz and just found out that reassigning to builtins is possible. What is the reason, why Python allows this ? IMO this is very risky and can lead to hard to find errors. (see also Learning Python 3e, Chapter 16, Page 315) True True False False True = 1 True 1 True = 0 True 0 This hal always been possible. But it's not reassigning, it's shadowing - which is a totally different beast. Shadowing builtins is bad style, but lokal to your context. Which can get nasty of course, if you do the above on e.g. module level. But you can't alter the values for True/False globally with this. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
reassign to builtin possible !?
Hi there, I am reading Learning Python 3e from Mark Lutz and just found out that reassigning to builtins is possible. What is the reason, why Python allows this ? IMO this is very risky and can lead to hard to find errors. (see also Learning Python 3e, Chapter 16, Page 315) True True False False True = 1 True 1 True = 0 True 0 TIA, Berni -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Treating a unicode string as latin-1
Hello,
I'm using ElementTree to parse an XML file which includes some data
encoded as cp1252, for example:
nameBob\x92s Breakfast/name
If this was a regular bytestring, I would convert it to utf8 using the
following:
print 'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.decode('cp1252').encode('utf8')
Bob's Breakfast
But ElementTree gives me back a unicode string, so I get the following
error:
print u'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.decode('cp1252').encode('utf8')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/
python2.5/encodings/cp1252.py, line 15, in decode
return codecs.charmap_decode(input,errors,decoding_table)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\x92' in
position 3: ordinal not in range(128)
How can I tell Python I know this says it's a unicode string, but I
need you to treat it like a bytestring?
Thanks,
Simon Willison
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Re: reassign to builtin possible !?
On Jan 3, 2:07 pm, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This hal always been possible. But it's not reassigning, it's shadowing - which is a totally different beast. Shadowing builtins is bad style, but lokal to your context. Which can get nasty of course, if you do the above on e.g. module level. But you can't alter the values for True/False globally with this. Are you sure ? what about the following example ? Is this also shadowing ? Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Sep 19 2006, 09:52:17) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import __builtin__ __builtin__.True = False __builtin__.True False True False Berni -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Treating a unicode string as latin-1
Simon Willison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
How can I tell Python I know this says it's a unicode string, but I
need you to treat it like a bytestring?
Can you not just fix your xml file so that it uses the same encoding as it
claims to use? If the xml says it contains utf8 encoded data then it should
not contain cp1252 encoded data, period.
If you really must, then try encoding with latin1 and then decoding with
cp1252:
print u'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.encode('latin1').decode('cp1252')
Bobs Breakfast
The latin1 codec will convert unicode characters in the range 0-255 to the
same single-byte value.
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Trying to build python2.5.msi
Hello Group, I have compile the python source code using MSVC 8 (a.k.a VS .NET 2005) . Can i create an MSI ?? similar to one provided by the official python website. What can be the possible procedure to achieve this. I have looked into Tools/msi folder. But i dont know how it works. Thank you Abhishek -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ElementTree should parse string and file in the same way
Fredrik Lundh wrote: Stefan Behnel wrote: My take on the API decision in question was always that a file is inherently an XML *document*, while a string is inherently an XML *fragment*. Not inherently, no. I know some people who do web processing with an XML document coming in as a string (from an HTTP request) /.../ in which case you probably want to stream the raw XML through the parser *as it arrives*, to reduce latency (to do that, either parse from a file-like object, or feed data directly to a parser instance, via the consumer protocol). It depends on the abstraction the web framework provides. If it allows you to do that, especially in an event driven way, that's obviously the most efficient implementation (and both ElementTree and lxml support this use pattern just fine). However, some frameworks just pass the request content (such as a POSTed document) in a dictionary or as callback parameters, in which case there's little room for optimisation. also, putting large documents in a *single* Python string can be quite inefficient. it's often more efficient to use lists of string fragments. That's a pretty general statement. Do you mean in terms of reading from that string (which at least in lxml is a straight forward extraction of a char*/len pair which is passed into libxml2), constructing that string (possibly from partial strings, which temporarily *is* expensive) or just keeping the string in memory? At least lxml doesn't benefit from iterating over a list of strings and passing it to libxml2 step-by-step, compared to reading from a straight in-memory string. Here are some numbers: $$ cat listtest.py from lxml import etree # a list of strings is more memory expensive than a straight string doc_list = [root] + [atest/a] * 2000 + [/root] # document construction temporarily ~doubles memory size doc = .join(doc_list) def readlist(): tree = etree.fromstringlist(doc_list) def readdoc(): tree = etree.fromstring(doc) $$ python -m timeit -s 'from listtest import readlist,readdoc' 'readdoc()' 1000 loops, best of 3: 1.74 msec per loop $$ python -m timeit -s 'from listtest import readlist,readdoc' 'readlist()' 100 loops, best of 3: 2.46 msec per loop The performance difference stays somewhere around 20-30% even for larger documents. So, as expected, there's a trade-off between temporary memory size, long-term memory size and parser performance here. Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reassign to builtin possible !?
Bernhard Merkle wrote: On Jan 3, 2:07 pm, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This hal always been possible. But it's not reassigning, it's shadowing - which is a totally different beast. Shadowing builtins is bad style, but lokal to your context. Which can get nasty of course, if you do the above on e.g. module level. But you can't alter the values for True/False globally with this. Are you sure ? what about the following example ? Is this also shadowing ? Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Sep 19 2006, 09:52:17) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import __builtin__ __builtin__.True = False __builtin__.True False True False I'm not entirely sure what happens there, but that seems to only work in the interactive prompt. - test.py print True if __builtins__.True == 10: print I'm reassigned globally - test.py - Then, in the interpreter do: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/tmp$ python Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Oct 5 2007, 13:36:32) [GCC 4.1.3 20070929 (prerelease) (Ubuntu 4.1.2-16ubuntu2)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. Welcome to rlcompleter2 0.96 for nice experiences hit tab multiple times __builtins__.True = 10 import test 10 Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module File test.py, line 5, in module if __builtins__.True == 10: AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'True' Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Treating a unicode string as latin-1
On Jan 3, 1:31 pm, Simon Willison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
How can I tell Python I know this says it's a unicode string, but I
need you to treat it like a bytestring?
u'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.encode('latin-1')
--
Paul Hankin
--
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Re: Treating a unicode string as latin-1
Simon Willison wrote:
Hello,
I'm using ElementTree to parse an XML file which includes some data
encoded as cp1252, for example:
nameBob\x92s Breakfast/name
If this was a regular bytestring, I would convert it to utf8 using the
following:
print 'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.decode('cp1252').encode('utf8')
Bob's Breakfast
But ElementTree gives me back a unicode string, so I get the following
error:
print u'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.decode('cp1252').encode('utf8')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/
python2.5/encodings/cp1252.py, line 15, in decode
return codecs.charmap_decode(input,errors,decoding_table)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\x92' in
position 3: ordinal not in range(128)
How can I tell Python I know this says it's a unicode string, but I
need you to treat it like a bytestring?
I don't get your problem. You get a unicode-object. Which means that it got
decoded by ET for you, as any XML-parser must do.
So - why don't you get rid of that .decode('cp1252') and happily encode it
to utf-8?
Diez
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Re: reassign to builtin possible !?
-On [20080103 14:47], Bernhard Merkle ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: Are you sure ? what about the following example ? Is this also shadowing ? It is, as it is local to your current executing interpreter. Any other Python process that is currently running is unaffected by your shadowing. So as Diez says, you are not tampering with it on a persistent global level. -- Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven asmodai(-at-)in-nomine.org / asmodai イェルーン ラウフロック ヴァン デル ウェルヴェン http://www.in-nomine.org/ | http://www.rangaku.org/ Any fool can make a rule. And every fool will mind it... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reassign to builtin possible !?
But you can't alter the values for True/False globally with this.
Are you sure ? what about the following example ?
Is this also shadowing ?
import __builtin__
__builtin__.True = False
__builtin__.True
False
It doesn't seem to screw things up globally
import __builtin__
t = __builtin__.True
__builtin__.True = False
__builtin__.False = t
True
False
False
True
1 == 1
True
import os
os.path.isdir('.')
True
#if they were globally redefined, this would be False
#you'd have to actually reference __builtin__.True
My thought would be if you do something as daft as
redefining/shadowing True and False, you get the headaches that
ensue. Fortunately, since Python is explicit, you can trace back
through the code and see where the inanity occurred.
Additionally, any scoping rules mean that programmer stupidity
can't leak too badly outside the scope of the block containing
the stupidity.
It's the old DIHWIDT! WDDT! (Doctor, it hurts when I do
this!, well don't do that!) syndrome.
-tkc
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Re: ElementTree should parse string and file in the same way
Stefan Behnel wrote: also, putting large documents in a *single* Python string can be quite inefficient. it's often more efficient to use lists of string fragments. That's a pretty general statement. Do you mean in terms of reading from that string (which at least in lxml is a straight forward extraction of a char*/len pair which is passed into libxml2), constructing that string (possibly from partial strings, which temporarily *is* expensive) or just keeping the string in memory? overall I/O throughput. it's of course construction and internal storage that are the main issues here; every extra copy has a cost, and if you're working with multi-megabyte resources, the extra expenses quickly become noticeable. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
CSV
Hi all, I have written a script to parse a CSV file: import csv def get_lines(fname): fhandle = csv.reader(open(fname,rb)) for line in fhandle: while fhandle.next()[0] == prot_hit_num: continue for row in fhandle: print row result = get_lines(file.csv) print result I need to print the data from prot_hit_num and before the line peptide sequence. I am able to print the whole from prot_hit_num to the end of the file but I need to break before line peptide sequence. How should i do this. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Treating a unicode string as latin-1
-On [20080103 14:36], Simon Willison ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote:
How can I tell Python I know this says it's a unicode string, but I
need you to treat it like a bytestring?
Although it does not address the exact question it does raise the issue how
you are using ElementTree. When I use the following:
test.xml
entry
nameBob\x92s Breakfast/name
/entry
parse.py
from xml.etree.ElementTree import ElementTree
xmlfile = open('test.xml')
tree = ElementTree()
tree.parse(xmlfile)
elem = tree.find('name')
print type(elem.text)
I get a string type back and not a unicode string.
However, if you are mixing encodings within the same file, e.g. cp1252 in an
UTF8 encoded file, then you are creating a ton of problems.
--
Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven asmodai(-at-)in-nomine.org / asmodai
イェルーン ラウフロック ヴァン デル ウェルヴェン
http://www.in-nomine.org/ | http://www.rangaku.org/
When moved to complain about others, remember that karma is endless and it
is loving that leads to love...
--
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problem with global var
Hi, I wrote a very simple python program to generate a sorted list of lines from a squid access log file. Here is a simplified version: ## 1 logfile = open (squid_access.log, r) 2 topsquid = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] 3 4 def add_sorted (list): 5 for i in range(50): 6 if int(list[4]) int(topsquid[i][4]): 7 topsquid.insert(i,list) 8 break 8 # Max len = 50 10 if len(topsquid) 50: 11 topsquid = topsquid[0:50] 12 13 while True: 14 logline = logfile.readline() 15 linefields = logline.split() 16 17 if logline != : 18 add_sorted (linefields) 19 else: 20 break 21 22 for i in range (len(topsquid)): 23 print topsquid[i][4] When I execute the program _without_ the lines 10 and 11: 10 if len(topsquid) 50: 11 topsquid = topsquid[0:50] it runs perfectly. But if I execute the program _with_ those lines, this exception is thrown: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ python topsquid.py Traceback (most recent call last): File topsquid.py, line 20, in module add_sorted (linefields) File topsquid.py, line 6, in add_sorted if int(list[4]) int(topsquid[i][4]): UnboundLocalError: local variable 'topsquid' referenced before assignment Note that now the error shown is not related with the lines 10 and 11, but wiht a line prior to them. Any hints? -- Bruno A. C. Ferreira Linux Registered User #181386 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pivot Table/Groupby/Sum question
Yes in the sense that the top part will have merged cells so that Horror and Classics don't need to be repeated every time, but the headers aren't the important part. At this point I'm more interested in organizing the data itself and i can worry about putting it into a new excel file later. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with global var
Bruno Ferreira wrote: Hi, I wrote a very simple python program to generate a sorted list of lines from a squid access log file. Here is a simplified version: ## 1 logfile = open (squid_access.log, r) 2 topsquid = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] 3 4 def add_sorted (list): Don't call your variable list. There's already the built-in type list. 5 for i in range(50): You should probably use xrange here. 6 if int(list[4]) int(topsquid[i][4]): 7 topsquid.insert(i,list) 8 break 8 # Max len = 50 10 if len(topsquid) 50: 11 topsquid = topsquid[0:50] I'd just use [:50], the 0 is implied. 13 while True: 14 logline = logfile.readline() 15 linefields = logline.split() 16 17 if logline != : 18 add_sorted (linefields) 19 else: 20 break for logline in logfile: if logline: linefields = logline.split() add_sorted(linefields) else: break 22 for i in range (len(topsquid)): 23 print topsquid[i][4] for i in topsquid: print i[4] (You probably want to use a name other than i then.) When I execute the program _without_ the lines 10 and 11: 10 if len(topsquid) 50: 11 topsquid = topsquid[0:50] it runs perfectly. But if I execute the program _with_ those lines, this exception is thrown: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ python topsquid.py Traceback (most recent call last): File topsquid.py, line 20, in module add_sorted (linefields) File topsquid.py, line 6, in add_sorted if int(list[4]) int(topsquid[i][4]): UnboundLocalError: local variable 'topsquid' referenced before assignment Note that now the error shown is not related with the lines 10 and 11, but wiht a line prior to them. Any hints? Basically, you're trying to read the global variable topsquid, and then you're trying to define a local variable topsquid. Python doesn't like that. Declare it as global by adding global topsquid to the top of the function. -- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Who's to blame?
Hallo, First of all I apologize for the longish example at the bottom, but the biggest source file is automatically generated and I didn't want to modify more than strictly necessary. Also, it would be shorter if XML wasn't so verbose ;-) The following is a wxPython/XRC toy program with a form with a button which, when pressed, causes a simple dialog to be displayed. The problem lies in the fact that apparently ShowModal() does not return when either the Yes or the No buttons are pressed. Curiously, if you change the Yes and No buttons with the OK and Cancel ones that are currently commented everything works as expected. As the sbs_test_xrc.py file below is automatically generated by wxPython 2.8.6.1's XRCed tool from a XRC file which in turn is generated by wxFormBuilder (http://wxformbuilder.org/), I really cant figure out to whom I should report this problem, assuming I'm not missing some obvious mistake of mine, that is. Thanks for your help. Cheers, Nicola Musatti # sbs_test.py import wx import sbs_test_xrc class MainFrame(sbs_test_xrc.xrcMainFrame): def __init__(self, parent): sbs_test_xrc.xrcMainFrame.__init__(self, parent) self.button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButton) def OnButton(self, event=None): d = sbs_test_xrc.xrcDialog(self) ##if d.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: if d.ShowModal() == wx.ID_YES: self.Close() class Application(wx.App): def OnInit(self): self.frame = MainFrame(None) self.frame.Show() self.SetTopWindow(self.frame) return True if __name__ == '__main__': app = Application() app.MainLoop() # sbs_test_xrc.py # This file was automatically generated by pywxrc, do not edit by hand. # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import wx import wx.xrc as xrc __res = None def get_resources(): This function provides access to the XML resources in this module. global __res if __res == None: __init_resources() return __res class xrcDialog(wx.Dialog): def PreCreate(self, pre): This function is called during the class's initialization. Override it for custom setup before the window is created usually to set additional window styles using SetWindowStyle() and SetExtraStyle(). pass def __init__(self, parent): # Two stage creation (see http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/TwoStageCreation) pre = wx.PreDialog() self.PreCreate(pre) get_resources().LoadOnDialog(pre, parent, Dialog) self.PostCreate(pre) # create attributes for the named items in this container self.wxID_YES = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, wxID_YES) self.wxID_NO = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, wxID_NO) class xrcMainFrame(wx.Frame): def PreCreate(self, pre): This function is called during the class's initialization. Override it for custom setup before the window is created usually to set additional window styles using SetWindowStyle() and SetExtraStyle(). pass def __init__(self, parent): # Two stage creation (see http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/TwoStageCreation) pre = wx.PreFrame() self.PreCreate(pre) get_resources().LoadOnFrame(pre, parent, MainFrame) self.PostCreate(pre) # create attributes for the named items in this container self.button = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, button) # Resource data -- def __init_resources(): global __res __res = xrc.EmptyXmlResource() wx.FileSystem.AddHandler(wx.MemoryFSHandler()) sbs_test_xrc = '''\ ?xml version=1.0 ?resource version=2.3.0.1 xmlns=http:// www.wxwindows.org/wxxrc object class=wxDialog name=Dialog stylewxDEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE/style title/ object class=wxFlexGridSizer rows2/rows cols2/cols vgap0/vgap hgap0/hgap growablecols/ growablerows/ object class=sizeritem option1/option flagwxEXPAND/flag border5/border object class=wxStdDialogButtonSizer object class=button flagwxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL|wxALL/flag border5/border !-- object class=wxButton name=wxID_OK labelamp;OK/label /object -- object class=wxButton name=wxID_YES labelamp;Yes/label /object
Re: unicode(s, enc).encode(enc) == s ?
On Jan 2, 9:34 pm, Martin v. Löwis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In any case, it goes well beyond the situation that triggered my original question in the first place, that basically was to provide a reasonable check on whether round-tripping a string is successful -- this is in the context of a small utility to guess an encoding and to use it to decode a byte string. This utility module was triggered by one that Skip Montanaro had written some time ago, but I wanted to add and combine several ideas and techniques (and support for my usage scenarios) for guessing a string's encoding in one convenient place. Notice that this algorithm is not capable of detecting the ISO-2022 encodings - they look like ASCII to this algorithm. This is by design, as the encoding was designed to only use 7-bit bytes, so that you can safely transport them in Email and such (*) Well, one could specify decode_heuristically(s, enc=iso-2022-jp) and that encoding will be checked before ascii or any other encoding in the list. If you want to add support for ISO-2022, you should look for escape characters, and then check whether the escape sequences are among the ISO-2022 ones: - ESC ( - 94-character graphic character set, G0 - ESC ) - 94-character graphic character set, G1 - ESC * - 94-character graphic character set, G2 - ESC + - 94-character graphic character set, G3 - ESC - - 96-character graphic character set, G1 - ESC . - 96-character graphic character set, G2 - ESC / - 96-character graphic character set, G3 - ESC $ - Multibyte ( G0 ) G1 * G2 + G3 - ESC % - Non-ISO-2022 (e.g. UTF-8) If you see any of these, it should be ISO-2022; see the Wiki page as to what subset may be in use. G0..G3 means what register the character set is loaded into; when you have loaded a character set into a register, you can switch between registers through ^N (to G1), ^O (to G0), ESC n (to G2), ESC o (to G3) (*) OK, suppose we do not know the string is likely to be iso-2022, but we still want to detect it if it is. I have added a may_do_better mechanism to the algorithm, to add special checks on a *guessed* algorithm. I am not sure this will not however introduce more or other problems than the one it is addressing... I have re-instated checks for iso-8859-1 control chars (likely to be cp1252), for special symbols in iso-8859-15 when they occur in iso-8859-1 and cp1252, and for the iso-2022-jp escape sequences. To flesh out with other checks is mechanical work... If you could take a look at the updated page: http://gizmojo.org/code/decodeh/ I still have issues with what happens in situations when for example a file contains iso-2022 esc sequences but is anyway actally in ascii or utf-8? e.g. this mail message! I'll let this issue turn for a little while... I will be very interested in any remarks any of you may have! From a shallow inspection, it looks right. I would have spelled losses as loses. Yes, corrected. Thanks, mario -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unicode(s, enc).encode(enc) == s ?
Thanks again. I will chunk my responses as your message has too much in it for me to process all at once... On Jan 2, 9:34 pm, Martin v. Löwis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thanks a lot Martin and Marc for the really great explanations! I was wondering if it would be reasonable to imagine a utility that will determine whether, for a given encoding, two byte strings would be equivalent. But that is much easier to answer: s1.decode(enc) == s2.decode(enc) Assuming Unicode's unification, for a single encoding, this should produce correct results in all cases I'm aware of. If the you also have different encodings, you should add def normal_decode(s, enc): return unicode.normalize(NFKD, s.decode(enc)) normal_decode(s1, enc) == normal_decode(s2, enc) This would flatten out compatibility characters, and ambiguities left in Unicode itself. Hmmn, true, it would be that easy. I am now not sure why I needed that check, or how to use this version of it... I am always starting from one string, and decoding it... that may be lossy when that is re-encoded, and compared to original. However it is clear that the test above should always pass in this case, so doing it seems superfluos. Thanks for the unicodedata.normalize() tip. mario -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with global var
Bruno Ferreira wrote: Hi, I wrote a very simple python program to generate a sorted list of lines from a squid access log file. Here is a simplified version: ## 1 logfile = open (squid_access.log, r) 2 topsquid = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] 3 4 def add_sorted (list): global topsquid 5 for i in range(50): 6 if int(list[4]) int(topsquid[i][4]): 7 topsquid.insert(i,list) 8 break 8 # Max len = 50 10 if len(topsquid) 50: 11 topsquid = topsquid[0:50] 12 13 while True: 14 logline = logfile.readline() 15 linefields = logline.split() 16 17 if logline != : 18 add_sorted (linefields) 19 else: 20 break 21 22 for i in range (len(topsquid)): 23 print topsquid[i][4] When I execute the program _without_ the lines 10 and 11: 10 if len(topsquid) 50: 11 topsquid = topsquid[0:50] it runs perfectly. But if I execute the program _with_ those lines, this exception is thrown: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ python topsquid.py Traceback (most recent call last): File topsquid.py, line 20, in module add_sorted (linefields) File topsquid.py, line 6, in add_sorted if int(list[4]) int(topsquid[i][4]): UnboundLocalError: local variable 'topsquid' referenced before assignment Note that now the error shown is not related with the lines 10 and 11, but wiht a line prior to them. Any hints? Try line 4 add. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with global var
Bruno Ferreira wrote: Hi, I wrote a very simple python program to generate a sorted list of lines from a squid access log file. Here is a simplified version: ## 1 logfile = open (squid_access.log, r) 2 topsquid = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] 3 4 def add_sorted (list): 5 for i in range(50): 6 if int(list[4]) int(topsquid[i][4]): 7 topsquid.insert(i,list) 8 break 8 # Max len = 50 10 if len(topsquid) 50: 11 topsquid = topsquid[0:50] 12 13 while True: 14 logline = logfile.readline() 15 linefields = logline.split() 16 17 if logline != : 18 add_sorted (linefields) 19 else: 20 break 21 22 for i in range (len(topsquid)): 23 print topsquid[i][4] When I execute the program _without_ the lines 10 and 11: 10 if len(topsquid) 50: 11 topsquid = topsquid[0:50] it runs perfectly. But if I execute the program _with_ those lines, this exception is thrown: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ python topsquid.py Traceback (most recent call last): File topsquid.py, line 20, in module add_sorted (linefields) File topsquid.py, line 6, in add_sorted if int(list[4]) int(topsquid[i][4]): UnboundLocalError: local variable 'topsquid' referenced before assignment Note that now the error shown is not related with the lines 10 and 11, but wiht a line prior to them. Any hints? Use def add_sorted(list): global topsquid ... to make topsquid a global variable to add_sorted. Otherwise python sees that it gets referred by in the if-statement before assigning to it, thus resulting in the error you see. The reason for this is that a (limited) static analysis of python-code is performed to determine which variables are local to a function and which not. The criteria essentially is the appearance on the left-hand-side of an expression makes a variable (or name) local to that function. Which makes it require the explicit global declaration. Apart from that there are quite a few things worth mentioning in your code: - don't shadow built-in names like list - it's superfluous to do for i in xrange(len(some_list)): .. some_list[i] .. as you do, unless you need the index. Instead do for element in some_list: ... element ... If you need an index, do for i, element in enumerate(some_list): ... - don't use range, use xrange if you don't need a list but rather want to enumerate indices. - the while-loop is superfluous as well, just do for line in logfile: ... or if your python is older do for line in logfile.xreadlines(): ... Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Treating a unicode string as latin-1
Simon Willison wrote:
But ElementTree gives me back a unicode string, so I get the following
error:
print u'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.decode('cp1252').encode('utf8')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/
python2.5/encodings/cp1252.py, line 15, in decode
return codecs.charmap_decode(input,errors,decoding_table)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\x92' in
position 3: ordinal not in range(128)
How can I tell Python I know this says it's a unicode string, but I
need you to treat it like a bytestring?
ET has already decoded the CP1252 data for you. If you want UTF-8, all
you need to do is to encode it:
u'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.encode('utf8')
'Bob\xc2\x92s Breakfast'
/F
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Re: urllib2 disable proxy
On Wed, 2 Jan 2008, Rob Wolfe wrote:
Dimitrios Apostolou [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
Hello list,
I've been looking for a way to explicitly disable the use of proxies with
urllib2, no matter what the environment dictates. Unfortunately I can't find
a way in the documentation, and reading the source leads me to believe that
something like the following does the job:
req.set_proxy(None,None)
Where req is a urllib2.Request instance. So is there an official way of doing
this? Perhaps it should be added in the documentation?
I believe that the recommended way is to use `urllib2.ProxyHandler`.
Take a look at:
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/urllib2.shtml
Thanks for the pointer, I will use that way. However it seems rather
non-elegant way to do something so simple and I was hoping not to mess
with ProxyHandler, especially since I want *no* proxy... IMHO something
like the following would be more elegant:
req.set_proxy('','http')
or
req.set_proxy(None,'http')
However these ways *don't* work. You think I should file a feature request
somewhere or send this to the python-dev list?
Thank you for the help,
Dimitris
HTH,
Rob
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Re: problem with global var
Bruno Ferreira wrote: When I execute the program _without_ the lines 10 and 11: 10 if len(topsquid) 50: 11 topsquid = topsquid[0:50] it runs perfectly. But if I execute the program _with_ those lines, this exception is thrown: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ python topsquid.py Traceback (most recent call last): File topsquid.py, line 20, in module add_sorted (linefields) File topsquid.py, line 6, in add_sorted if int(list[4]) int(topsquid[i][4]): UnboundLocalError: local variable 'topsquid' referenced before assignment Python uses static analysis to determine if a variable is local to a function; somewhat simplified, if you assign to the variable inside the function, *all* uses of that variable inside the function will be considered local. for the full story, see: http://docs.python.org/ref/naming.html to fix this, you can insert a global declaration at the top of the def add_sorted (list): global topsquid # mark topsquid as global in this function ... in this case, you can also avoid the local assignment by modifying the list in place; if len(topsquid) 50: topsquid[:] = topsquid[0:50] or, as a one-liner: del topsquid[50:] /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Choosing a new language
Tim Roberts schrieb: Joachim Durchholz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Xah Lee [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [...] PHP and Perl are practically identical in their high-levelness or expressiveness or field of application (and syntax), That must have been a very, very distant point of view with narrowly squinted eyes. Do you really think so? It seems clear to me that the syntax of PHP was heavily influenced by Perl. PHP lacks the @array and %hash weirdnesses, but most PHP code will work just fine as Perl. Quite unlikely. It won't even parse. PHP code starts with ?php, which is AFAIK not valid Perl. (Anything before ?php will be copied out to stdout, which, again, isn't Perl semantics. Anything between ? and the next ?php will be copied through, too.) I'm not sure whether a PHP function definition would parse in Perl or not. It's possible that it may - but then, I don't think it will run unless you use a humongous compatibility library. Taking another step back, Perl has namespaces and can access shared libraries directly. PHP has no namespaces, and you need to recompile it to access yet another shared lib. Libraries are very, very different. The thing that I last stumbled over is that both have an extremely different approach to FastCGI: PHP strives to isolate the programmer from it, Perl gives the direct approach. (This is a philosophical difference. PHP library functions tend to cover up for platform differences, Perl gives you the definitions needed to detect and handle differences.) If you take another step back, yes both languages are procedural, interpreted languages and use $ in front of every variable. Regards, Jo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
how to use bool
hi, i have some code where i set a bool type variable and if the value is false i would like to return from the method with an error msg.. being a beginner I wd like some help here class myclass: . def mymethod(self): success=True msg=all validation OK success=validateSthing() if(success==False): msg=sthing failed return (success,msg) dosomeprocessing() . success=validateSthingelse() if(success==False): msg=sthingelse failed return (success,msg) domoreprocessing() return(success,msg) i would like to know if this way of doing this is OK..I have need of many kinds of validations in this ..is there a better way of doing this ? thank you -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to use bool
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hi, i have some code where i set a bool type variable and if the value is false i would like to return from the method with an error msg.. being a beginner I wd like some help here class myclass: . def mymethod(self): success=True msg=all validation OK success=validateSthing() if(success==False): msg=sthing failed return (success,msg) dosomeprocessing() . success=validateSthingelse() if(success==False): msg=sthingelse failed return (success,msg) domoreprocessing() return(success,msg) i would like to know if this way of doing this is OK..I have need of many kinds of validations in this ..is there a better way of doing this ? to test boolean values, it's usually better to use plain if or if not statements: if success: ... handle success here ... if not success: ... handle failure here ... to report failures, use exceptions (the raise and try/except statements). see the tutorial for more on this topic. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Insert to a clob field using cx_Oracle via a stored procedure
On Jan 2, 2:01 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, Does anyone have experience using cx_Oracle to call a stored procedure that inserts to a clob field? We have done this successfully via straight SQL, but we are at a loss on how to do the same insert using a stored procedure call. Any assistance would be much appreciated. Thanks. Jason Found a solution to this - see the following thread if you interested. http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?forumID=376threadID=601700 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Treating a unicode string as latin-1
Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
ET has already decoded the CP1252 data for you. If you want UTF-8, all
you need to do is to encode it:
u'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.encode('utf8')
'Bob\xc2\x92s Breakfast'
I think he is claiming that the encoding information in the file is
incorrect and therefore it has been decoded incorrectly.
I would think it more likely that he wants to end up with u'Bob\u2019s
Breakfast' rather than u'Bob\x92s Breakfast' although u'Dog\u2019s dinner'
seems a probable consequence.
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Re: how to use bool
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hi, i have some code where i set a bool type variable and if the value is false i would like to return from the method with an error msg.. being a beginner I wd like some help here class myclass: . def mymethod(self): success=True msg=all validation OK success=validateSthing() if(success==False): msg=sthing failed return (success,msg) dosomeprocessing() . success=validateSthingelse() if(success==False): msg=sthingelse failed return (success,msg) domoreprocessing() return(success,msg) i would like to know if this way of doing this is OK..I have need of many kinds of validations in this ..is there a better way of doing this ? With my philosophical programming hat on the first thing I'd say (as a fairly beginning python programmer) is avoid multiple returns from a function/method if at all possible. They breed all sorts of problems and errors, in particular if there's any clearing up to do you have to do it in lots of places (or you forget it in some places). So:- def mymethod(self): msg=sthing failed success=validateSthing() if success: dosomeprocessing() . success=validateSthingelse() if success: domoreprocessing() msg=all validation OK return (success,msg) I've lost the different messages for different errors but you get the idea. if success: rather than if (success==True), more readable. For the opposite if not success:. -- Chris Green -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How do you pass compiler option to setup.py install?
Dear Experts, How do you pass the -c option to setup.py install? Specifically, when I try to install zope.interfaces version 3.3 from source on a windows machine, I get a message about using -c mingw32. That works fine for setup.py build, but it does not work for setup.py install. Note: I would have just used the binary installer for windows but couldn't find one for version 3.3. Thanks, -Emin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do you pass compiler option to setup.py install?
Emin.shopper Martinian.shopper wrote: Dear Experts, How do you pass the -c option to setup.py install? Specifically, when I try to install zope.interfaces version 3.3 from source on a windows machine, I get a message about using -c mingw32. That works fine for setup.py build, but it does not work for setup.py install. python setup.py build -c mingw32 install You can also change the distutils.cfg file to set mingw32 as the default compiler. Please refer to the documentation for more information. Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do you pass compiler option to setup.py install?
On Jan 3, 2008 11:24 AM, Emin.shopper Martinian.shopper [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How do you pass the -c option to setup.py install? After some fiddling, I figured out that you can put the following two lines in setup.cfg: [build] compiler=mingw32 It would be nice if you could somehow pass this on the command line or if some of the help messages mentioned it -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fate of itertools.dropwhile() and itertools.takewhile()
On Dec 29 2007, 11:10 pm, Raymond Hettinger [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm considering deprecating these two functions and would like some feedback from the community or from people who have a background in functional programming. Well I have just this minute used dropwhile in anger, to find the next suitable filename when writing database dumps using date.count names: filename = %02d-%02d-%d % (now.day, now.month, now.year) if os.path.exists(filename): candidates = (%s.%d % (filename, x) for x in count(1)) filename = dropwhile(os.path.exists, candidates).next() Much clearer than the alternatives I think, please keep dropwhile and takewhile in itertools ;) Cheers, Doug. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Adding a HTTP header to a SOAPpy request
Hi, Could anybody tell me which is the easier way to do a SOAP call to a web service wich requires an http header to be present? I can't figure it out. Thanks a lot Some code I'm using: import SOAPpy s = SOAPpy.SOAPProxy(http://10.3.5.128:10560/SERVICES,namespace=http://ws.mysite.com;) s.some_method() Thanks a lot. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to use bool
On 03 Jan 2008 16:09:53 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hi, i have some code where i set a bool type variable and if the value is false i would like to return from the method with an error msg.. being a beginner I wd like some help here class myclass: . def mymethod(self): success=True msg=all validation OK success=validateSthing() if(success==False): msg=sthing failed return (success,msg) dosomeprocessing() . success=validateSthingelse() if(success==False): msg=sthingelse failed return (success,msg) domoreprocessing() return(success,msg) i would like to know if this way of doing this is OK..I have need of many kinds of validations in this ..is there a better way of doing this ? With my philosophical programming hat on the first thing I'd say (as a fairly beginning python programmer) is avoid multiple returns from a function/method if at all possible. They breed all sorts of problems and errors, in particular if there's any clearing up to do you have to do it in lots of places (or you forget it in some places). This advice is highly controversial, and in the presence of exceptions it is, at best, voodoo coding. Since your function can exit at any point whether you do it intentionally or not, if you have crucial cleanup it's best to write your code in a way that does it correctly even if you return early. Following this style also often leads to odd contortions, like extra layers of indentation, and a proliferation of temporary flags and value-holders that aren't necessary if you write the code in a more straight forward manner. Make your decisions on a case by case basis of complexity, readability, and reliability instead of following pronouncements from on high (especially decades old pronouncements made in a different context). Forcing a single return site in the code below adds complexity, arguable harms readability, and provides *zero* benefit in the code at hand. So:- def mymethod(self): msg=sthing failed success=validateSthing() if success: dosomeprocessing() . success=validateSthingelse() if success: domoreprocessing() msg=all validation OK return (success,msg) I've lost the different messages for different errors but you get the idea. if success: rather than if (success==True), more readable. For the opposite if not success:. -- Chris Green -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Who's to blame?
Nicola Musatti wrote in news:92dfc2fc-0677-43c0-b34f-4f240fa40205 @e4g2000hsg.googlegroups.com in comp.lang.python: Note there is a wxpython mailinglist/newsgroup: news:gmane.comp.python.wxpython [snip] problem lies in the fact that apparently ShowModal() does not return when either the Yes or the No buttons are pressed. Curiously, if you change the Yes and No buttons with the OK and Cancel ones that are currently commented everything works as expected. This is because the wx.Dialog class has handlers for the wxID_OK and wxID_CANCEL button identifiers, IIRC in windows the MS supplied dialog procedure behaves this way. As the sbs_test_xrc.py file below is automatically generated by wxPython 2.8.6.1's XRCed tool from a XRC file which in turn is generated by wxFormBuilder (http://wxformbuilder.org/), I really cant figure out to whom I should report this problem, assuming I'm not missing some obvious mistake of mine, that is. class MainFrame(sbs_test_xrc.xrcMainFrame): def __init__(self, parent): sbs_test_xrc.xrcMainFrame.__init__(self, parent) self.button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButton) First you can make the dialog a member, you are showing and hiding it so there is no need to create a new one every time OnButton is fired. self.dialog = sbs_test_xrc.xrcDialog(self) # now replace the defaults of ID_OK and ID_CANCEL # self.dialog.SetAffirmativeId( wxID_YES ) self.dialog.SetEscapeId( wxID_NO ) Alternativly you could derive from xrcDialog as you are with xrcMainFrame and do the above in the derived classes __init__. def OnButton(self, event=None): d = sbs_test_xrc.xrcDialog(self) ##if d.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: if d.ShowModal() == wx.ID_YES: self.Close() http://www.wxpython.org/docs/api/wx.Dialog-class.html Rob. -- http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
C++ equivalent of comp.lang.python?
Hopefully this isn't too OT. One thing I like about comp.lang.python is the breadth of topics discussed here. People can ask about Python installation and configuration issues on specific platforms, compare third party libraries, ask for book recommendations, and discuss current Python projects. Lurking here has greatly increased my understanding of Python over the last year or so. I also do a lot of C++ development, but I've never found a similar discussion group for that language. comp.lang.c++ isn't what I'm looking for. I find it hard to get practical advice on that group because its focus is so narrow. I frequently see posters there redirect people to one of the OS-specific C++ groups, but most of my projects are cross-platform, so hanging out on one of those doesn't make sense either. As an example, I was recently trying to get information about writing cross-platform code for dynamic linking, but I couldn't find anywhere appropriate to ask about it. For those of you who work in C++, where do you go to discuss it online? I'm interested in any newsgroups, mailing lists, or web boards you can recommend. Thanks, Casey -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[OT] How is AI implemented
Hi, I know it's not a trivial field but I had some readings about artificial intelligence lately and my personal conclusion is that it's mostly just statistics. Naively explained: continiously gather and store information and apply a default rating 1) answer questions with gathered information according to rating 2) store/calculate rating based upon input (be it an interface or user input) 3) goto 1 (sorry for the goto) So I think that in general there hasn't yet been any artificial intelligence programmed (Note: I believe I'm aware of the difference between artificial intelligence and artificial conscusiness where the second would be able to answer things like: How are you today and the first can answer factual knowledge) Am I thinking right here or is there some (preferrably) web reading available on that or in depth links about the topic? thanks and sorry for OT posting martin -- http://noneisyours.marcher.name http://feeds.feedburner.com/NoneIsYours -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pivot Table/Groupby/Sum question
On Jan 3, 3:41 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Yes in the sense that the top part will have merged cells so that Horror and Classics don't need to be repeated every time, but the headers aren't the important part. At this point I'm more interested in organizing the data itself and i can worry about putting it into a new excel file later. What I am able to do is to use SQL, I think it is quite simple, about 50 rows of code including sample data and comments. It works for me and IMHO it is easy tu understand and I think you can use as it is. Otherwise you can control Excel from Python using win32api, win32com ( http://tinyurl.com/2m3x3v ) HTH Petr Jakes #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: cp1250 -*- import sqlite3 con = sqlite3.connect(:memory:) cur = con.cursor() normalizedInputData=[] subCategories=[] rawData = [['Italy', 'Horror', '70s', 'Suspiria','Dario Argento', 4], ['Italy', 'Classics', 'Neo-Realist', 'Otto eMezzo', 'Fellini', 3], ['GB', 'Classics', 'Neo-Humoristic', 'Otto eMezzo', 'Fellini', 3], ['Fr', 'Horror', 'Neo-Realist', 'Otto eMezzo', 'Fellini', 8], ['Fr', 'Classics', 'Neo-Realist', 'Otto eMezzo', 'Fellini', 55], ['GB', 'Horror', 'Neo-Realist', 'Otto eMezzo', 'Fellini', 5], ['Italy', 'Horror', '70s', 'Profondo Rosso','Dario Argento', 4]] def alphanum(s): only letters, numbers and '_' are acceptable for column names by SQL filtered='' for ch in s: if ch.isalnum() or ch in '_': filtered+=ch return filtered for myRow in rawData : cat_SubCat = alphanum(_.join(myRow[1:3])) if cat_SubCat not in subCategories: subCategories.append(cat_SubCat) myRow[1:3] = [cat_SubCat] normalizedInputData.append(myRow) def data_generator(dataSet): for dataSetRow in dataSet: yield dataSetRow subCategories=sorted(subCategories) # create SQL table named MOVIES with the apropriate fields (the tabe is store in the memory only) cur.execute(create table MOVIES(COUNTRY, CATEGORY, TITLE, DIRECTOR, QUANTITY)) # fill the table with data cur.executemany(insert into MOVIES(COUNTRY, CATEGORY, TITLE, DIRECTOR, QUANTITY) values (?,?,?,?,?), data_generator(normalizedInputData)) # assemble dynamic SQL SELECT query, which returns PIVOT TABLE prologue = select COUNTRY, SUM(QUANTITY) AS TOTAL, template = SUM (CASE CATEGORY WHEN '%s' THEN QUANTITY ELSE 0 END) %s epilogue = FROM MOVIES GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1 pivotSelect = prologue + , .join([template % (x, x) for x in subCategories]) + epilogue # execute SQL SELECT and return data row by row cur.execute(pivotSelect) for row in cur.fetchall(): print row -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PyOpenGL, wxPython weird behaviour
Hi everyone, I'm doing a project using wxPython and pyopengl, and I seem to have a problem rendering textures. This is code that worked before my hard drive had a meltdown, but not since I re-installed everything. I've determined the problem is in the OpenGL part of my program. I do some calculations to generate a 2D numpy array that holds the image data, and pylab.imshow() shows me the image as it is meant to be. I used the same algorithm in Octave and MATLAB, and all are giving me the right picture. However, using pyOpenGL and the numpyhandler functions (http://cours- info.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/docs/python/OpenGL/ OpenGL.arrays.numpymodule.NumpyHandler-class.html) doesn't seem to work. I get a garbled screen pocked with black pixels. I am including my openGL code below. What am I doing wrong? And yes, I did make the dtype of my array 'float32'. ---code snippets-- import wx from wx.glcanvas import GLCanvas from OpenGL.GLU import * from OpenGL.GL import * from OpenGL.arrays.numpymodule import NumpyHandler PC = 1 RI = 0 class myGLCanvas(GLCanvas): def __init__(self, parent): GLCanvas.__init__(self, parent,-1) wx.EVT_PAINT(self, self.OnPaint) self.init = 0 self.mode = -1 # making a texture for the range image self.texture = glGenTextures(1) # making a spot for the point cloud points self.cloud = None return def OnPaint(self,event): dc = wx.PaintDC(self) self.SetCurrent() if not self.init: self.InitGL() self.init = 1 self.OnDraw() return def OnDraw(self): glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) if self.mode == RI: self.drawRange() elif self.mode == PC: self.drawCloud() def InitGL(self): glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glClearDepth(1.0) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1) glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1) #NTSC colour scales... glPixelTransferf(GL_RED_SCALE, 0.299); glPixelTransferf(GL_GREEN_SCALE, 0.587); glPixelTransferf(GL_BLUE_SCALE, 0.114); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() glOrtho(0.0,1.0,0,1.0,-1.0,1.0) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glLoadIdentity() return def rangeImage(self, image): glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.texture) glTexEnvf( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE ) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT) # flatten it into a list so the OpenGL calls work n = NumpyHandler() fI = image.flatten() flatImage = n.dataPointer(n.contiguous(fI)) print n.contiguous(fI) gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 1, image.shape[0]+1, image.shape[1]+1, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_FLOAT, flatImage) self.mode = RI self.OnDraw() def drawRange(self): ''' Controls the actual drawing of the range image''' glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0) glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D) glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.texture) glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN) glTexCoord2d(1,1); glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0) glTexCoord2d(1,0); glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glTexCoord2d(0,0); glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0) glTexCoord2d(0,1); glVertex3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0) glEnd() self.SwapBuffers() end snippet--- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Treating a unicode string as latin-1
Duncan Booth schrieb:
Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
ET has already decoded the CP1252 data for you. If you want UTF-8, all
you need to do is to encode it:
u'Bob\x92s Breakfast'.encode('utf8')
'Bob\xc2\x92s Breakfast'
I think he is claiming that the encoding information in the file is
incorrect and therefore it has been decoded incorrectly.
I would think it more likely that he wants to end up with u'Bob\u2019s
Breakfast' rather than u'Bob\x92s Breakfast' although u'Dog\u2019s dinner'
seems a probable consequence.
If that's the case, he should read the file as string, de- and encode it
(probably into a StringIO) and then feed it to the parser.
Diez
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urllib timeout hole - long timeout if site doesn't send headers.
urllib has a hole in its timeout protection. Using socket.setdefaulttimeout will make urllib time out if a site doesn't open a TCP connection in the indicated time. But if the site opens the TCP connection and never sends HTTP headers, it takes about 20 minutes for the read in urllib's open to time out. There are some web servers that produce this behavior, and many seem to be associated with British universities and nonprofits. With these, requesting http://example.com; opens a TCP connection on which nothing is ever sent, while http://www.example.com; yields a proper web page. Even Firefox doesn't time this out properly. Try http://soton.ac.uk; in Firefox, and be prepared for a long wait. There was some active work in the urllib timeout area last summer. What happened to that? John Nagle -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Treating a unicode string as latin-1
Diez B. Roggisch wrote: I would think it more likely that he wants to end up with u'Bob\u2019s Breakfast' rather than u'Bob\x92s Breakfast' although u'Dog\u2019s dinner' seems a probable consequence. If that's the case, he should read the file as string, de- and encode it (probably into a StringIO) and then feed it to the parser. some alternatives: - clean up the offending strings: http://effbot.org/zone/unicode-gremlins.htm - turn the offending strings back to iso-8859-1, and decode them again: u = u'Bob\x92s Breakfast' u = u.encode(iso-8859-1).decode(cp1252) - upgrade to ET 1.3 (available in alpha) and use the parser's encoding option to override the file's encoding: parser = ET.XMLParser(encoding=cp1252) tree = ET.parse(source, parser) /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reassign to builtin possible !?
On Jan 3, 7:04 am, Bernhard Merkle [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi there, I am reading Learning Python 3e from Mark Lutz and just found out that reassigning to builtins is possible. What is the reason, why Python allows this ? IMO this is very risky and can lead to hard to find errors. I don't think it's a huge issue. In fact, I think it's a feature. For example, it'd be extremely issue to reassign open, if you wanted to implement a virtual file system, and you couldn't modify the module the used open. (see also Learning Python 3e, Chapter 16, Page 315) True True False False True = 1 True 1 True = 0 True 0 TIA, Berni -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fate of itertools.dropwhile() and itertools.takewhile()
On Jan 3, 4:39 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 29 2007, 11:10 pm, Raymond Hettinger [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm considering deprecating these two functions and would like some feedback from the community or from people who have a background in functional programming. Well I have just this minute used dropwhile in anger, to find the next suitable filename when writing database dumps using date.count names: filename = %02d-%02d-%d % (now.day, now.month, now.year) if os.path.exists(filename): candidates = (%s.%d % (filename, x) for x in count(1)) filename = dropwhile(os.path.exists, candidates).next() Much clearer than the alternatives I think, please keep dropwhile and takewhile in itertools ;) Wouldn't using ifilterfalse instead of dropwhile produce the same result? -- Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reassign to builtin possible !?
On Jan 3, 2008 8:05 AM, Tim Chase [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
But you can't alter the values for True/False globally with this.
Are you sure ? what about the following example ?
Is this also shadowing ?
import __builtin__
__builtin__.True = False
__builtin__.True
False
It doesn't seem to screw things up globally
import __builtin__
t = __builtin__.True
__builtin__.True = False
__builtin__.False = t
True
False
False
True
1 == 1
True
import os
os.path.isdir('.')
True
#if they were globally redefined, this would be False
#you'd have to actually reference __builtin__.True
My thought would be if you do something as daft as
redefining/shadowing True and False, you get the headaches that
ensue. Fortunately, since Python is explicit, you can trace back
through the code and see where the inanity occurred.
Additionally, any scoping rules mean that programmer stupidity
can't leak too badly outside the scope of the block containing
the stupidity.
It's the old DIHWIDT! WDDT! (Doctor, it hurts when I do
this!, well don't do that!) syndrome.
In Py3k this will be a syntax error, like assigning to None is now.
Possibly also in 2.6.
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Re: PyOpenGL, wxPython weird behaviour
On Jan 3, 11:50 am, Adeola Bannis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi everyone, I'm doing a project using wxPython and pyopengl, and I seem to have a problem rendering textures. This is code that worked before my hard drive had a meltdown, but not since I re-installed everything. I've determined the problem is in the OpenGL part of my program. I do some calculations to generate a 2D numpy array that holds the image data, and pylab.imshow() shows me the image as it is meant to be. I used the same algorithm in Octave and MATLAB, and all are giving me the right picture. However, using pyOpenGL and the numpyhandler functions (http://cours- info.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/docs/python/OpenGL/ OpenGL.arrays.numpymodule.NumpyHandler-class.html) doesn't seem to work. I get a garbled screen pocked with black pixels. I am including my openGL code below. What am I doing wrong? And yes, I did make the dtype of my array 'float32'. ---code snippets-- import wx from wx.glcanvas import GLCanvas from OpenGL.GLU import * from OpenGL.GL import * from OpenGL.arrays.numpymodule import NumpyHandler PC = 1 RI = 0 class myGLCanvas(GLCanvas): def __init__(self, parent): GLCanvas.__init__(self, parent,-1) wx.EVT_PAINT(self, self.OnPaint) self.init = 0 self.mode = -1 # making a texture for the range image self.texture = glGenTextures(1) # making a spot for the point cloud points self.cloud = None return def OnPaint(self,event): dc = wx.PaintDC(self) self.SetCurrent() if not self.init: self.InitGL() self.init = 1 self.OnDraw() return def OnDraw(self): glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) if self.mode == RI: self.drawRange() elif self.mode == PC: self.drawCloud() def InitGL(self): glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glClearDepth(1.0) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1) glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1) #NTSC colour scales... glPixelTransferf(GL_RED_SCALE, 0.299); glPixelTransferf(GL_GREEN_SCALE, 0.587); glPixelTransferf(GL_BLUE_SCALE, 0.114); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() glOrtho(0.0,1.0,0,1.0,-1.0,1.0) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glLoadIdentity() return def rangeImage(self, image): glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.texture) glTexEnvf( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE ) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT) # flatten it into a list so the OpenGL calls work n = NumpyHandler() fI = image.flatten() flatImage = n.dataPointer(n.contiguous(fI)) print n.contiguous(fI) gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 1, image.shape[0]+1, image.shape[1]+1, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_FLOAT, flatImage) self.mode = RI self.OnDraw() def drawRange(self): ''' Controls the actual drawing of the range image''' glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0) glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D) glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.texture) glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN) glTexCoord2d(1,1); glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0) glTexCoord2d(1,0); glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glTexCoord2d(0,0); glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0) glTexCoord2d(0,1); glVertex3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0) glEnd() self.SwapBuffers() end snippet--- I've never messed with pyOpenGL, but it seems that they have their own user's group, which would probably be better at answering your question: http://sourceforge.net/mail/?group_id=5988 Of course, it could be that you upgraded your wxPython to the latest version and as I recall, they were
Re: urllib2 disable proxy
Dimitrios Apostolou [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
On Wed, 2 Jan 2008, Rob Wolfe wrote:
Dimitrios Apostolou [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
Hello list,
I've been looking for a way to explicitly disable the use of proxies with
urllib2, no matter what the environment dictates. Unfortunately I can't find
a way in the documentation, and reading the source leads me to believe that
something like the following does the job:
req.set_proxy(None,None)
Where req is a urllib2.Request instance. So is there an official way of
doing
this? Perhaps it should be added in the documentation?
I believe that the recommended way is to use `urllib2.ProxyHandler`.
Take a look at:
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/urllib2.shtml
Thanks for the pointer, I will use that way. However it seems rather
non-elegant way to do something so simple and I was hoping not to mess
with ProxyHandler, especially since I want *no* proxy... IMHO
something like the following would be more elegant:
req.set_proxy('','http')
or
req.set_proxy(None,'http')
However these ways *don't* work. You think I should file a feature
request somewhere or send this to the python-dev list?
Actually, I like this idea of handlers and openers
and find it simple and _elegant_, so I can't second that request.
Besides disabling proxies despite environmental settings
is a special case, so imho using `instal_opener` is justified.
Regards,
Rob
--
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Re: Who's to blame?
On Jan 3, 8:48 am, Nicola Musatti [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hallo, First of all I apologize for the longish example at the bottom, but the biggest source file is automatically generated and I didn't want to modify more than strictly necessary. Also, it would be shorter if XML wasn't so verbose ;-) The following is a wxPython/XRC toy program with a form with a button which, when pressed, causes a simple dialog to be displayed. The problem lies in the fact that apparently ShowModal() does not return when either the Yes or the No buttons are pressed. Curiously, if you change the Yes and No buttons with the OK and Cancel ones that are currently commented everything works as expected. As the sbs_test_xrc.py file below is automatically generated by wxPython 2.8.6.1's XRCed tool from a XRC file which in turn is generated by wxFormBuilder (http://wxformbuilder.org/), I really cant figure out to whom I should report this problem, assuming I'm not missing some obvious mistake of mine, that is. Thanks for your help. Cheers, Nicola Musatti # sbs_test.py import wx import sbs_test_xrc class MainFrame(sbs_test_xrc.xrcMainFrame): def __init__(self, parent): sbs_test_xrc.xrcMainFrame.__init__(self, parent) self.button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButton) def OnButton(self, event=None): d = sbs_test_xrc.xrcDialog(self) ##if d.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: if d.ShowModal() == wx.ID_YES: self.Close() class Application(wx.App): def OnInit(self): self.frame = MainFrame(None) self.frame.Show() self.SetTopWindow(self.frame) return True if __name__ == '__main__': app = Application() app.MainLoop() # sbs_test_xrc.py # This file was automatically generated by pywxrc, do not edit by hand. # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import wx import wx.xrc as xrc __res = None def get_resources(): This function provides access to the XML resources in this module. global __res if __res == None: __init_resources() return __res class xrcDialog(wx.Dialog): def PreCreate(self, pre): This function is called during the class's initialization. Override it for custom setup before the window is created usually to set additional window styles using SetWindowStyle() and SetExtraStyle(). pass def __init__(self, parent): # Two stage creation (seehttp://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/TwoStageCreation) pre = wx.PreDialog() self.PreCreate(pre) get_resources().LoadOnDialog(pre, parent, Dialog) self.PostCreate(pre) # create attributes for the named items in this container self.wxID_YES = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, wxID_YES) self.wxID_NO = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, wxID_NO) class xrcMainFrame(wx.Frame): def PreCreate(self, pre): This function is called during the class's initialization. Override it for custom setup before the window is created usually to set additional window styles using SetWindowStyle() and SetExtraStyle(). pass def __init__(self, parent): # Two stage creation (seehttp://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/TwoStageCreation) pre = wx.PreFrame() self.PreCreate(pre) get_resources().LoadOnFrame(pre, parent, MainFrame) self.PostCreate(pre) # create attributes for the named items in this container self.button = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, button) # Resource data -- def __init_resources(): global __res __res = xrc.EmptyXmlResource() wx.FileSystem.AddHandler(wx.MemoryFSHandler()) sbs_test_xrc = '''\ ?xml version=1.0 ?resource version=2.3.0.1 xmlns=http://www.wxwindows.org/wxxrc; object class=wxDialog name=Dialog stylewxDEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE/style title/ object class=wxFlexGridSizer rows2/rows cols2/cols vgap0/vgap hgap0/hgap growablecols/ growablerows/ object class=sizeritem option1/option flagwxEXPAND/flag border5/border object class=wxStdDialogButtonSizer object class=button flagwxALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL|wxALL/flag border5/border !-- object class=wxButton name=wxID_OK labelamp;OK/label /object --
Re: PyOpenGL, wxPython weird behaviour
Thanks, will do... On Jan 3, 2:07 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Jan 3, 11:50 am, Adeola Bannis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi everyone, I'm doing a project using wxPython and pyopengl, and I seem to have a problem rendering textures. This is code that worked before my hard drive had a meltdown, but not since I re-installed everything. I've determined the problem is in the OpenGL part of my program. I do some calculations to generate a 2D numpy array that holds the image data, and pylab.imshow() shows me the image as it is meant to be. I used the same algorithm in Octave and MATLAB, and all are giving me the right picture. However, using pyOpenGL and the numpyhandler functions (http://cours- info.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/docs/python/OpenGL/ OpenGL.arrays.numpymodule.NumpyHandler-class.html) doesn't seem to work. I get a garbled screen pocked with black pixels. I am including my openGL code below. What am I doing wrong? And yes, I did make the dtype of my array 'float32'. ---code snippets-- import wx from wx.glcanvas import GLCanvas from OpenGL.GLU import * from OpenGL.GL import * from OpenGL.arrays.numpymodule import NumpyHandler PC = 1 RI = 0 class myGLCanvas(GLCanvas): def __init__(self, parent): GLCanvas.__init__(self, parent,-1) wx.EVT_PAINT(self, self.OnPaint) self.init = 0 self.mode = -1 # making a texture for the range image self.texture = glGenTextures(1) # making a spot for the point cloud points self.cloud = None return def OnPaint(self,event): dc = wx.PaintDC(self) self.SetCurrent() if not self.init: self.InitGL() self.init = 1 self.OnDraw() return def OnDraw(self): glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) if self.mode == RI: self.drawRange() elif self.mode == PC: self.drawCloud() def InitGL(self): glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glClearDepth(1.0) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1) glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1) #NTSC colour scales... glPixelTransferf(GL_RED_SCALE, 0.299); glPixelTransferf(GL_GREEN_SCALE, 0.587); glPixelTransferf(GL_BLUE_SCALE, 0.114); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() glOrtho(0.0,1.0,0,1.0,-1.0,1.0) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glLoadIdentity() return def rangeImage(self, image): glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.texture) glTexEnvf( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE ) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT) glTexParameterf (GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT) # flatten it into a list so the OpenGL calls work n = NumpyHandler() fI = image.flatten() flatImage = n.dataPointer(n.contiguous(fI)) print n.contiguous(fI) gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 1, image.shape[0]+1, image.shape[1]+1, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_FLOAT, flatImage) self.mode = RI self.OnDraw() def drawRange(self): ''' Controls the actual drawing of the range image''' glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0) glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D) glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.texture) glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN) glTexCoord2d(1,1); glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0) glTexCoord2d(1,0); glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glTexCoord2d(0,0); glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0) glTexCoord2d(0,1); glVertex3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0) glEnd() self.SwapBuffers() end snippet--- I've never messed with pyOpenGL, but it seems that they have their own user's group, which would probably be
Re: different encodings for unicode() and u''.encode(), bug?
On Jan 2, 2:25 pm, Piet van Oostrum [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Apparently for the empty string the encoding is irrelevant as it will not be used. I guess there is an early check for this special case in the code. In the module I an working on [*] I am remembering a failed encoding to allow me, if necessary, to later re-process fewer encodings. In the case of an empty string AND an unknown encoding this strategy failed... Anyhow, the question is, should the behaviour be the same for these operations, and if so what should it be: u.encode(non-existent) unicode(, non-existent) mario [*] a module to decode heuristically, that imho is actually starting to look quite good, it is at http://gizmojo.org/code/decodeh/ and any comments very welcome. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
New-style objects are not instances, apparently
I have a class that derives from Exception. In Python 2.4, isinstance(MyClass(), types.InstanceType) was True. In 2.5, it's False. Further experimentation showed that derivation from object was the culprit; new-style objects are not considered instances in the above sense. I wasn't able to figure out a workaround. Is there one, or is the distinction between traditional classes and built-in types only going to get more and more hazy? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New-style objects are not instances, apparently
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Further experimentation showed that derivation from object was the culprit; new-style objects are not considered instances in the above sense. I wasn't able to figure out a workaround. Is there one, or is the distinction between traditional classes and built-in types only going to get more and more hazy? new-style classes *are* types. one way to test for a new-style object is to compare type(obj) to obj.__class__; if they point to the same object, it's a new-style object. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New-style objects are not instances, apparently
On Jan 3, 9:15 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have a class that derives from Exception. In Python 2.4, isinstance(MyClass(), types.InstanceType) was True. In 2.5, it's False. Further experimentation showed that derivation from object was the culprit; new-style objects are not considered instances in the above sense. I wasn't able to figure out a workaround. IIRC, this is because since 2.5 Exception is a new style class. New style objects are instances of their class, not of InstanceType as was the case with instances of old-style classes. So in your case isinstance(MyClass(), Exception) will return True. Is there one, or is the distinction between traditional classes and built-in types only going to get more and more hazy? I'm not sure what you mean here. -- Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How is AI implemented
On Jan 3, 11:49 am, Martin Marcher [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I know it's not a trivial field but I had some readings about artificial intelligence lately and my personal conclusion is that it's mostly just statistics. Naively explained: continiously gather and store information and apply a default rating 1) answer questions with gathered information according to rating 2) store/calculate rating based upon input (be it an interface or user input) 3) goto 1 (sorry for the goto) So I think that in general there hasn't yet been any artificial intelligence programmed (Note: I believe I'm aware of the difference between artificial intelligence and artificial conscusiness where the second would be able to answer things like: How are you today and the first can answer factual knowledge) Am I thinking right here or is there some (preferrably) web reading available on that or in depth links about the topic? thanks and sorry for OT posting martin --http://noneisyours.marcher.namehttp://feeds.feedburner.com/NoneIsYours Some readings: http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/computers_math/artificial_intelligence/ http://www.jair.org/ http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/computer_science/artificial_intelligence/ Fuzzy Logic usually crops up as a related topic: http://www.seattlerobotics.org/encoder/mar98/fuz/flindex.html http://www.austinlinks.com/Fuzzy/ I'm not involved in this field, but I think saying that AI is just statistics is a pretty sweeping statement. It's more like super complicated stats using algorithms worthy of Calculus with branch logic thrown in for good measure. How's that for a load of buzz words!? Hope those links give you lots of info. Let us know when you've got a cool talking Python program! Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How is AI implemented
On Jan 3, 6:49 pm, Martin Marcher [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I know it's not a trivial field but I had some readings about artificial intelligence lately and my personal conclusion is that it's mostly just statistics. Naively explained: continiously gather and store information and apply a default rating 1) answer questions with gathered information according to rating 2) store/calculate rating based upon input (be it an interface or user input) 3) goto 1 (sorry for the goto) really naively :) So I think that in general there hasn't yet been any artificial intelligence programmed (Note: I believe I'm aware of the difference between artificial intelligence and artificial conscusiness where the second would be able to answer things like: How are you today and the first can answer factual knowledge) What you want to do is look up the difference between weak AI and strong AI. Everything we have to this day is weak AI, and there is still a debate between various scientists as to whether strong AI is even possible. Be sure to look at Chinese room argument to see if strong AI is really what you need. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room) Am I thinking right here or is there some (preferrably) web reading available on that or in depth links about the topic? thanks and sorry for OT posting martin --http://noneisyours.marcher.namehttp://feeds.feedburner.com/NoneIsYours -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New-style objects are not instances, apparently
Further experimentation showed that derivation from object was the culprit; new-style objects are not considered instances in the above sense. I wasn't able to figure out a workaround. Is there one, or is the distinction between traditional classes and built-in types only going to get more and more hazy? In the long run (ie. Python 3), the distinction is going to be very hazy, very dark: it will entirely disappear. There will be only one concept of type/class, not two, so there will be no point distinguishing between types and classes. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
choosing random dynamic port number
Dear Experts, Is there a good way to choose/assign random dynamic port numbers in python? I had in mind something like the following, but if multiple programs are generating random port numbers, is there a way to check if a given port number is already taken? def GenerateDynamicPortNumber(): Generate a random dynamic port number and return it. # port numbers between 49152 to 65535 are dynamic port numbers return 49152 + random.randrange(15000) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: choosing random dynamic port number
Emin.shopper Martinian.shopper wrote: Is there a good way to choose/assign random dynamic port numbers in python? I had in mind something like the following, but if multiple programs are generating random port numbers, is there a way to check if a given port number is already taken? def GenerateDynamicPortNumber(): Generate a random dynamic port number and return it. # port numbers between 49152 to 65535 are dynamic port numbers return 49152 + random.randrange(15000) def GenerateDynamicPortNumber(): return 0 (to get the actual number, use getsockname() on the socket after you've called bind on it) /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: XML-XSD Processing/Creation.
On Jan 3, 1:55 am, Stefan Behnel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: paul wrote: Can i create python classes based off the XSD files? What else can I do with the XSD files? This might be worth looking at:http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/#generateDS If it's really such a complex XML language, the tool above might or might not be of any help, as it doesn't support the whole XSD standard (and XML Schema is very complex). It's worth a try, but don't expect too much. The lxml way of dealing with XML languages is namespace implementation: http://codespeak.net/lxml/dev/element_classes.html#id1 However, there isn't currently a way to automatically bootstrap an implementation, especially not in XSD, so it depends on the language how much work it will be to get this to a usable state. Stefan Just a bump in an attempt to get some more help. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
dictionary/hash and '1' versus 1
As a Perl monkey in the process of learning Python, I just stepped on
the '1' (string) is not the same as 1 (integer) in regards to keys for
dictionaries/hashes landmine. Is there a good way to ensure that
numbers represented as strings or ints do not get mixed up as keys?
Example of the problem:
h2 = { 1 : ''}
print h2.has_key(1)
True
print h2.has_key('1')
False
The problem occurred because a method used to generate keys was
returning a string instead of a number without an explicit conversion
taking place. And since I was using hash.get(i, default_value) to avoid
having to pair every key lookup with a hash.has_key(), no exception was
thrown when the key wasn't found.
It's fugly to wrap every key reference in str(), ex:
foo[str(some_func(i))]. It's tedious to add a has_key before every key
lookup. And I have no real desire to stuff every hash inside a class in
order to ensure that keys are converted to strings.
Any good solutions or accepted practices to prevent the intermixing of
number strings and integers as hash keys? A hash wrapper class seems to
be the best bet so far.
*
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it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or privileged
material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking
of any action in reliance upon this information by persons or entities other
than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error,
please contact the sender and delete the material from all computers. GA623
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Re: different encodings for unicode() and u''.encode(), bug?
On Jan 4, 8:03 am, mario [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Jan 2, 2:25 pm, Piet van Oostrum [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Apparently for the empty string the encoding is irrelevant as it will not be used. I guess there is an early check for this special case in the code. In the module I an working on [*] I am remembering a failed encoding to allow me, if necessary, to later re-process fewer encodings. If you were in fact doing that, you would not have had a problem. What you appear to have been doing is (a) remembering a NON-failing encoding, and assuming that it would continue not to fail (b) not differentiating between failure reasons (codec doesn't exist, input not consistent with specified encoding). A good strategy when dealing with encodings that are unknown (in the sense that they come from user input, or a list of encodings you got out of the manual, or are constructed on the fly (e.g. encoding = 'cp' + str(code_page_number) # old MS Excel files)) is to try to decode some vanilla ASCII alphabetic text, so that you can give an immemdiate in-context error message. In the case of an empty string AND an unknown encoding this strategy failed... Anyhow, the question is, should the behaviour be the same for these operations, and if so what should it be: u.encode(non-existent) unicode(, non-existent) Perhaps you should make TWO comparisons: (1) unistrg = strg.decode(encoding) with unistrg = unicode(strg, encoding) [the latter optimises the case where strg is ''; the former can't because its output may be '', not u'', depending on the encoding, so ut must do the lookup] (2) unistrg = strg.decode(encoding) with strg = unistrg.encode(encoding) [both always do the lookup] In any case, a pointless question (IMHO); the behaviour is extremely unlikely to change, as the chance of breaking existing code outvotes any desire to clean up a minor inconsistency that is easily worked around. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ctypes - pointer to array of structs?
(Is this the right place to ask ctypes questions? There's a mailing list but the last post to it seems to have been in November 2006.) Using ctypes I reference a structure which contains a pointer to an array of another structure: class SYMBOL(Structure): _fields_ = [(symbol, c_char_p), (num, c_int), (units, c_int), (baseprice, c_int), (active, c_int)] SYMBOL_PTR = POINTER(SYMBOL) class TABLE(Structure): _fields_ = [(map, SYMBOL_PTR), (nsymbols, c_uint), ...] Effectively, TABLE.map is an array of TABLE.nsymbols SYMBOLS. How to I reference elements in that array? In C I would just treat TABLE.map like an array and index into it (for i=0; i TABLE.nsymbols; i++) ...). This is data returned from a C library, not something I'm building in Python to pass into C. Thx, Skip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: dictionary/hash and '1' versus 1
On Jan 4, 9:56 am, Reedick, Andrew [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
As a Perl monkey in the process of learning Python, I just stepped on
the '1' (string) is not the same as 1 (integer) in regards to keys for
dictionaries/hashes landmine.
Congratulations. You have just stepped off the '1' (string) is the
same as 1 (integer) in regards to several purposes landmine.
Welcome to the awk-free world :-)
Is there a good way to ensure that
numbers represented as strings or ints do not get mixed up as keys?
Example of the problem:
h2 = { 1 : ''}
print h2.has_key(1)
True
print h2.has_key('1')
False
The problem occurred because a method used to generate keys was
returning a string instead of a number without an explicit conversion
taking place. And since I was using hash.get(i, default_value) to avoid
having to pair every key lookup with a hash.has_key(), no exception was
thrown when the key wasn't found.
has_key is a has_been ... use key in dict instead of
dict.has_key(key)
It's fugly to wrap every key reference in str(), ex:
foo[str(some_func(i))].
Fugliness is in the eye of the beholder.
--
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Re: ctypes - pointer to array of structs?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] schrieb: (Is this the right place to ask ctypes questions? There's a mailing list but the last post to it seems to have been in November 2006.) No, it's active. Using ctypes I reference a structure which contains a pointer to an array of another structure: class SYMBOL(Structure): _fields_ = [(symbol, c_char_p), (num, c_int), (units, c_int), (baseprice, c_int), (active, c_int)] SYMBOL_PTR = POINTER(SYMBOL) class TABLE(Structure): _fields_ = [(map, SYMBOL_PTR), (nsymbols, c_uint), ...] Effectively, TABLE.map is an array of TABLE.nsymbols SYMBOLS. How to I reference elements in that array? In C I would just treat TABLE.map like an array and index into it (for i=0; i TABLE.nsymbols; i++) ...). This is data returned from a C library, not something I'm building in Python to pass into C. I think you should be able to create an array-type with the required number of entries, and cast map to that. Along these lines (untested) ap = POINTER(SYMBOL(table.nsymbols)) map = cast(table.map, ap) Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
py2exe command prompt whenr run
HY! I'm using py2exe to port my applications on windows so user won't have to install python and other dependencies. Everything works file except when i run any of programs it star's command prompt before program starts. How can i avoid this to happen, and is there any other way of porting my applications on windows? Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: py2exe command prompt whenr run
SMALLp wrote: I'm using py2exe to port my applications on windows so user won't have to install python and other dependencies. Everything works file except when i run any of programs it star's command prompt before program starts. How can i avoid this to happen use windows= instead of console= in your setup script. or pass in the corresponding option to the setup.py command; see e.g. http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2003-December/241319.html /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: dictionary/hash and '1' versus 1
As a Perl monkey in the process of learning Python, I just stepped on the '1' (string) is not the same as 1 (integer) in regards to keys for dictionaries/hashes landmine. Is there a good way to ensure that numbers represented as strings or ints do not get mixed up as keys? Well one important thing to learn while learning Python is that while the language is dynamically typed-- it is also /strongly/ typed. Every piece of data has an explicit type and it doesn't change unless you change it. It relies on duck typing a lot, and doesn't care if you mix and match (even partially) compatible types as long as the operations are there, but one type will always be distinct and remain that type until you explicitly convert it. A single integer is distinctly different from a sequence of characters in some encoding that may just happen to contain representations of a number so they'll hash differently :) One type will basically never implicitly convert into another type. To me, this sounds like the function should have converted the type explicitly on return. Or maybe you need to convert it explicitly on receipt. But if you are in a use-case where you really don't care and only want to hash strings, you can create a dict subclass easily that overrides __setitem__ to always str() the input. Check out the UserDict class. A similar method lets you make 'case-insensitive' dicts, for example. Were such a thing to happen automagically, you could get some weird situations, such as assert (key in dict) == (key in dict.keys()) failing. Also, do 'if key in dict' instead of 'if dict.has_key(key)'. :) --Stephen -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Cursors in a Loop
I have a python script that uses the cx_Oracle module. I have a list
of values that I iterate through via a for loop and then insert into
the database. This works okay, but I'm not sure whether I can use one
cursor for all inserts, and define it outside of the loop, or
instantiate and close the cursor within the loop itself. For example,
I have:
for i in hostlist:
cursor = connection.cursor()
sql= insert into as_siebel_hosts_temp values('%s') % (i)
cursor.execute(sql)
cursor.close()
And I've also tried:
cursor = connection.cursor()
for i in hostlist:
sql= insert into as_siebel_hosts_temp values('%s') % (i)
cursor.execute(sql)
cursor.close()
Both work fine, and execute in the same amount of time. I'm just
trying to understand what is the correct approach to use.
Thanks,
Tom
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ctypes - pointer to array of structs?
(Is this the right place to ask ctypes questions? There's a mailing list but the last post to it seems to have been in November 2006.) No, it's active. Thanks. I guess the official ASPN-based archive must be dead. I managed to sort of get access to the array just using indexing as I would in C, but I'm having some problems referencing elements of the SYMBOL struct. I'll keep plugging away. Skip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Cursors in a Loop
On Jan 3, 7:47 pm, t_rectenwald [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I have a python script that uses the cx_Oracle module. I have a list
of values that I iterate through via a for loop and then insert into
the database. This works okay, but I'm not sure whether I can use one
cursor for all inserts, and define it outside of the loop, or
instantiate and close the cursor within the loop itself. For example,
I have:
for i in hostlist:
cursor = connection.cursor()
sql= insert into as_siebel_hosts_temp values('%s') % (i)
cursor.execute(sql)
cursor.close()
And I've also tried:
cursor = connection.cursor()
for i in hostlist:
sql= insert into as_siebel_hosts_temp values('%s') % (i)
cursor.execute(sql)
cursor.close()
Both work fine, and execute in the same amount of time. I'm just
trying to understand what is the correct approach to use.
Thanks,
Tom
I think I have this one figured out. The answer would be the second
option, i.e. keep the cursor instantion and close outside of the
loop. I wasn't aware that one cursor could be used for multiple
executes.
Regards,
Tom
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calling system command in window is very slow in python 2.5.1
Hi, I am running a python script that will change the attribute of a directory and its subdiretory by command: os.system(chmod -R .) or os.system(attrib -R * /S) Both commands chmod and attrib run quite fast in dos command shell. However, inside python, they are very slow and I have to kill them by Control-C. I do not know why? Can anyone help me to figure it out? Thanks Frank _ Hotmailがお届けする、幸せになるためのメールマガジン「ビジネス幸福論」実施中 http://go.windowslive.jp/-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
lucas ares
visitame www.lucasares.com.ar -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: dictionary/hash and '1' versus 1
On Thu, 03 Jan 2008 16:56:00 -0600, Reedick, Andrew wrote: The problem occurred because a method used to generate keys was returning a string instead of a number without an explicit conversion taking place. And since I was using hash.get(i, default_value) to avoid having to pair every key lookup with a hash.has_key(), no exception was thrown when the key wasn't found. # How to fix this broken function without modifying the source? def foo(arg): Returns a string instead of a number. return 1 # oops I meant 1 _foo = foo # save a reference to original broken function foo = lambda *args, **kwargs: int(_foo(*args, **kwargs)) # and patch it And now you can use foo(arg) confident that it will always return an int like you expect. Modifications of this technique should be obvious. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with global var
On Thu, 03 Jan 2008 11:38:48 -0300, Bruno Ferreira wrote: Hi, I wrote a very simple python program to generate a sorted list of lines from a squid access log file. Here is a simplified version: ## 1 logfile = open (squid_access.log, r) 2 topsquid = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] [snip] Others have already solved the immediate problem, but a much better design would be to avoid using a global variable in the first place. def add_sorted(alist, data): Add figures from alist to collated data and return data. # do your processing here... return data topsquid=[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] for line in logfile: linefields = logline.split() topsquid = add_sorted(linefields, topsquid) -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
linecache and glob
hi everyone happy new year!
im a newbie to python
i have a question
by using linecache and glob
how do i read a specific line from a file in a batch and then insert
it into database?
because it doesn't work! i can't use glob wildcard with linecache
import linecache
linecache.getline(glob.glob('/etc/*', 4)
doens't work
is there any better methods??? thank you very much in advance
jo3c
--
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Information on PyGMT?
Hello - I'm seeking info on the PyGMT python wrapper for the Generic Mapping Tools package. Unfortunately, the only site (forge.nesc.ac.uk) that seems to offer the code (written by Magnus Hagdorn) is not responding. I don't know if that's a temporary condition or if that site is out of commission. Google isn't revealing much recent discussion either which is sad, as I would imagine this to be a valuable tool! Can anyone shed any light?? Better yet, does anyone have the latest tarball, and an FTP site they can offer it on? :) Many thanks! Alaric -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Cursors in a Loop
On Thu, 2008-01-03 at 17:25 -0800, t_rectenwald wrote:
On Jan 3, 7:47 pm, t_rectenwald [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I have a python script that uses the cx_Oracle module. I have a list
of values that I iterate through via a for loop and then insert into
the database. This works okay, but I'm not sure whether I can use one
cursor for all inserts, and define it outside of the loop, or
instantiate and close the cursor within the loop itself. For example,
I have:
for i in hostlist:
cursor = connection.cursor()
sql= insert into as_siebel_hosts_temp values('%s') % (i)
cursor.execute(sql)
cursor.close()
And I've also tried:
cursor = connection.cursor()
for i in hostlist:
sql= insert into as_siebel_hosts_temp values('%s') % (i)
cursor.execute(sql)
cursor.close()
Both work fine, and execute in the same amount of time. I'm just
trying to understand what is the correct approach to use.
Actually, the correct approach would be neither. You should NEVER use
string formatting to fill values into an SQL query. (Doing so causes
security vulnerabilities and performance problems. See, for example,
http://informixdb.blogspot.com/2007/07/filling-in-blanks.html for
detailed explanations.) Instead, you should use a parametrized query.
With a parametrized query, your code becomes this:
cursor = connection.cursor()
for i in hostlist:
cursor.execute(insert into as_siebel_hosts_temp values(?), (i,) )
cursor.close()
Since this will save the database engine from having to re-parse the
query every time, it will run much faster if the list is long.
Even better would be to use executemany:
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.executemany(insert into as_siebel_hosts_temp values(?),
[(i,) for i in hostlist] )
cursor.close()
Depending on whether cx_Oracle allows this, the list comprehension in
that example could be replaced by the generator expression
((i,) for i in hostlist), but I don't know if cx_Oracle allows
executemany with an arbitrary iterable.
Hope this helps,
--
Carsten Haese
http://informixdb.sourceforge.net
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Re: linecache and glob
Hello,
Welcome to Python!
glob returns a list of filenames, but getline is made to work on just
one filename.
So you'll need to iterate over the list returned by glob.
import linecache, glob
for filename in glob.glob('/etc/*'):
print linecache.getline(filename, 4)
Maybe you could explain more about what you are trying to do and we
could help more?
Hope this helps,
Jeremy
On Jan 3, 10:02 pm, jo3c [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
hi everyone happy new year!
im a newbie to python
i have a question
by using linecache and glob
how do i read a specific line from a file in a batch and then insert
it into database?
because it doesn't work! i can't use glob wildcard with linecache
import linecache
linecache.getline(glob.glob('/etc/*', 4)
doens't work
is there any better methods??? thank you very much in advance
jo3c
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Im back...
Hi there same project I am afraid... I want to put the text from the selection of a listbox into a Label when the the selection is clicked. I have it so it is put in, but it is put in when I click on the *next*selection...as in it defines the variable when I click on the desired the selection, but it puts it into the label when i click on the *next* item. It is best if you have a look. Here is the whole program [start python code; possibly wrapped by browser] #!/user/bin/python from Tkinter import * def insert(): name = ent.get() box.insert(0, name) ent.delete(0, END) def DeleteCurrent(event): box.delete(ANCHOR) def putLabel(event): selection = box.get(ANCHOR) v.set(str(selection)) root = Tk() ent = Entry(root, fg = '#3a3a3a', bg = 'white', relief = 'groove') ent.grid(row = 0, padx = 3, pady = 3) button = Button(root, text = Remember, command = insert, relief = 'groove', fg = '#3a3a3a') button.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 3, pady = 3) box = Listbox(root, bg = '#ebe9ed', relief = 'groove', height = 15) box.selectmode = BROWSE box.grid(row = 2, columnspan = 2, sticky = W+E, padx = 3) box.bind(Double-Button-1, DeleteCurrent) box.bind(Button-1, putLabel) v = StringVar() current = Label(root, textvariable = v) current.grid(row = 3, columnspan = 2, sticky = W+E, padx = 3) root.mainloop() [end python code] how do i make it so it puts it into the variable *when* i click it? Any help will be greatly appreciated! Thanks, Sam -- I intend to live forever - so far, so good. SaM -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyObject_CallObject code dump after calling 4 times
On Jan 3, 8:49 pm, grbgooglefan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Jan 3, 8:02 pm, Phil Thompson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
On Thursday 03 January 2008, grbgooglefan wrote:
I have a following C++ code which uses PyObject_CallObject to evaluate
expressions dynamically. This code sets the input parameters for the
function also dynamically. After calling this function 4 times (with
these shown values), PyObject_CallObject causes application to crash
in frame_dealloc.
1) Can some one please help me understand why is this crash happening
in frame_dealloc how to solve it?
2) Is there anything wrong I am doing about incrementing or
decrementing the reference counts of the object passed to
PyObject_CallObject?
Yes.
3) Is it because of the big value (2299265.50) I am trying to
convert from double to float using PyFloat_FromDouble?
//= code reduced for readability
===
switch(ndtyp){
case(INT_T):
{
printf(PyInt_FromLong val %d, var %s
\n,inputVar.nionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyInt_FromLong(inputVar.nionum);
break;
}
case(LONG_T):
{
printf(PyLong_FromLong val %ld, var %s
\n,inputVar.lionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyLong_FromLong(inputVar.lionum);
break;
}
case(FLOAT_T):
{
printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.fionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyFloat_FromDouble(inputVar.fionum);
break;
}
case(DOUBLE_T):
{
printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.dionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyFloat_FromDouble(inputVar.dionum);
break;
}
case(STRING_T):
{
printf(PyString_FromString val %s, var %s
\n,inputVar.ioString,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
val = PyString_FromString(inputVar.ioString);
break;
}
default:
printf(Unknown data type [%d] for %s\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
}
if(!val){
ret = -1;
printf(Failed to convert %d %s to PyObject\n,ndtyp,pEvalFunc-
pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName); fflush(stdout);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
break;
}
PyTuple_SetItem(pTuple, nCtr, val);
Py_XDECREF(val);
Don't do this - PyTuple_SetItem() steals a reference to val.
}
// all variables are set, call Python function
Py_XINCREF(pTuple);
Why do this?
PyObject *pResult = PyObject_CallObject(pEvalFunc-
pPyEvalFunction,pTuple);
Py_XDECREF(pTuple);
Why do this?
if(PyErr_Occurred()){
PyErr_Print();
} else {
char* plevel = NULL;
if(NULL != (plevel = PyString_AsString(pResult))){
ret = 0;
sprintf(szEvalResult,%s,plevel);
}
}
Py_XDECREF(pResult);
pTuple will now have the same number of references as when you started the
above code, so you may want to Py_DECREF() it.
Phil- Hide quoted text -
- Show quoted text -
Thanks for all the responses.
These help me.
I could simulate this crash in my small test program I think (I
could be wrong also) it is because of extraneous Py_XDECREF of
PyObject *val which I am using to convert variables to tuple.
When I change the code to simple do like this, it works fine.
PyTuple_SetItem(pytuple,0,PyLong_FromLong(size));
PyTuple_SetItem(pytuple,1,PyLong_FromLong(maxvol));
PyTuple_SetItem(pytuple,2,PyFloat_FromDouble(adv));- Hide quoted
text -
- Show quoted text -
Now my new code looks like this.
Do you think this is correct way to handle ref counts? Do you forsee
any issues of memory leaks, etc. here?
//
switch(ndtyp){
case(INT_T):
//printf(PyInt_FromLong val %d, var %s
\n,inputVar.nionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
PyTuple_SetItem(pTuple,nCtr,PyInt_FromLong(inputVar.nionum));
break;
case(LONG_T):
//printf(PyLong_FromLong val %ld, var %s
\n,inputVar.lionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
PyTuple_SetItem(pTuple,nCtr,PyLong_FromLong(inputVar.lionum));
break;
case(FLOAT_T):
//printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.fionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
PyTuple_SetItem(pTuple,nCtr,PyFloat_FromDouble(inputVar.fionum));
break;
case(DOUBLE_T):
//printf(PyFloat_FromDouble val %f, var %s
\n,inputVar.dionum,pEvalFunc-pExprVarsArray[nCtr].szVarName);
