ANN: Leo 4.5 rc1 released
Leo 4.5 rc1 is now available at: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3458package_id=29106 Leo 4.5 contains many important new features. See below for details. Leo is a text editor, data organizer, project manager and much more. See: http://webpages.charter.net/edreamleo/intro.html The highlights of Leo 4.5: -- - Full support for @shadow files in Leo's core. - Major improvements to Leo's key binding code. - The beginning of usable vim-like bindings. - uA's may now be associated with vnodes in @thin and @shadow files. - Several magor reorganizations of Leo's code: including sax-based parsing, support for the Graph world (unified nodes), and simplified drawing code. - Leo is now an installable package. - Prepared code to be ready for Python 3.0. - Many small improvements and bug fixes. Links: -- Leo: http://webpages.charter.net/edreamleo/front.html Forum:http://groups.google.com/group/leo-editor Download: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3458 Bzr: http://code.launchpad.net/leo-editor/ Quotes: http://webpages.charter.net/edreamleo/testimonials.html Edward K. Ream email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Leo: http://webpages.charter.net/edreamleo/front.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
Re: calling NetShareEnum win32api with ctypes
On Aug 28, 12:01 am, taghi [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I want to call NetShareEnum, a function from netapi32.dll
NetShareEnum has this definition:
NET_API_STATUS NetShareEnum(
__in LPWSTR servername,
__in DWORD level,
__out LPBYTE *bufptr,
__in DWORD prefmaxlen,
__out LPDWORD entriesread,
__out LPDWORD totalentries,
__inout LPDWORD resume_handle
);
I wrote this code in python 2.5:
from ctypes import *
cname=c_wchar_p('a-computer-name')
level=c_int(1)
bufptr=create_string_buffer('\00', 1)
prefmaxlen=c_int()
entriesread=c_long(0)
totalentries=c_long(0)
resume=c_long(0)
netapi32=cdll.LoadLibrary('netapi32.dll')
netapi32.NetShareEnum(cname, level, byref(bufptr), prefmaxlen,
byref(entriesread), byref(totalentries), byref(resume))
but I get this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#12, line 1, in module
s.NetShareEnum(name, level, byref(bufptr), prefmaxlen,
entriesread, totalentries, resume)
ValueError: Procedure called with not enough arguments (28 bytes
missing) or wrong calling convention
entriesread and totalentries has valid values after call but bufptr is
not.
I pass bufptr to function instead of byref(bufptr) but the error was
same.
Taghi,
I just learned how to do this myself. I tested this revision on WinXP
Python 2.5.
from ctypes import *
netapi32= cdll.LoadLibrary( 'netapi32.dll' )
cname=c_wchar_p('[mycompname]')
level=c_int(1)
#bufptr=create_string_buffer('\00', 1)
bufptr=c_void_p(0)
prefmaxlen=c_int()
entriesread=c_long(0)
totalentries=c_long(0)
resume=c_long(0)
prototype= WINFUNCTYPE( c_int,
c_wchar_p,
c_int,
POINTER( c_void_p ),
c_int,
POINTER( c_long ),
POINTER( c_long ),
POINTER( c_long )
)
NetShareEnum= prototype( ( NetShareEnum, netapi32 ) )
result= NetShareEnum(cname,
level,
pointer(bufptr),
prefmaxlen,
byref(entriesread),
byref(totalentries),
byref(resume)
)
print result
print cname, level, bufptr, prefmaxlen, entriesread, totalentries,
resume
The 'bufptr' parameter receives a pointer to a buffer on return, which
you then have to free using NetApiBufferFree. Here is my output:
0
c_wchar_p(u'[mycompname]') c_long(1) c_void_p(2382504) c_long()
c_long(2) c_l
ong(2) c_long(0)
'bufptr' now points to an array of SHARE_INFO_1 structures, which you
will have to define too. It copied 2/2 entries, or 'entriesread' /
'totalentries'. Return 0 indicates success.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List of modules available for import inside Python?
ssecorp wrote: Is there a way to view all the modules I have available for import from within Python? Like writing in the interpreter: import.modules there's a helper script in the 2.5 source code kit that locates all existing standard modules: http://svn.python.org/projects/python/tags/r252/Doc/tools/listmodules.py to get all modules, remove the for-loop that follows after the comment get rid of site packages. also see: http://effbot.org/zone/listmodules-cgi.htm /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python sockets UDP broadcast multicast question??
Hi all, I have a question about python and sockets , UDP datagram in particular. I'm new to socket programming so please bare with me. I am trying to write a simple application that broadcast files to another computer on the same network/subnet but I do not want the receiver computer to have to respond, I only want it to receive the packet. So this was simple enough, but my problem is this when I send a file that is say larger then 100K the receiver is not able to keep up with the packets as they arrive. I get say 60 or so then the rest are ignored. I have tried a couple of different approaches like threading and queuing, but all ultimately have the same problem. So my question is how can I receive a continuous stream of UDP packets to some kind of buffer for processing with out losing packets? Thank you for any help or guidance that you provide. - InOrlando -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List of modules available for import inside Python?
On Aug 28, 6:21 am, ssecorp [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is there a way to view all the modules I have available for import from within Python? Like writing in the interpreter: Try: help() help modules Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules... snip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Wild Card String Comparison
On Wed, Aug 27, 2008 at 10:00 PM, W. eWatson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Timothy Grant wrote: On Wed, Aug 27, 2008 at 8:49 PM, W. eWatson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is it possible to do a search for a wild card string in another string. For example, I'd like to find v*.dat in a string called bingo. v must be matched against only the first character in bingo, and not simply found somewhere in bingo, as might be the case for *v*.dat. -- Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA) (121.015 Deg. W, 39.262 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time) Obz Site: 39° 15' 7 N, 121° 2' 32 W, 2700 feet Web Page: www.speckledwithstars.net/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Is this what you're looking for? What's this? - Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Jan 17 2008, 19:35:16) [GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. x = 'the quick brown fox' -- 'the' in x True 'qui' in x True 'jumped' in x False If that doesn't meet your needs you may want to look at the re module. But if you can avoid re's your likely better off. re module?? There are no wild cards in your examples. * is one wild card symbol? begin*end means find begin followed by any string of characters until it find the three letters end. begin here now but end it should find begin here now but end beginning of the end is the title of a book should find beginning of the end b egin but end this now should find nothing. -- Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA) (121.015 Deg. W, 39.262 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time) Obz Site: 39° 15' 7 N, 121° 2' 32 W, 2700 feet Web Page: www.speckledwithstars.net/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list you definitely need the re module then. -- Stand Fast, tjg. [Timothy Grant] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unexpected from/import statement behaviour
On Aug 27, 3:35 pm, Peter Otten [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: nisp wrote: Thanks first of all ! I read the interesting Diez's link but something still remains to me unclear, on the other hand it's clear the my problem is concentrated there and on symbols. Read it again. If you have two modules module1.py from sys import stderr module2.py from module1 import stderr you get three names 'stderr' in three different namespaces, and each name may bind a different object. Here is what I'm trying to do HelloWorld.py: this is a real simplification of my external module though still reflecting its structure (commented out is the version that, let's say, works) from sys import stderr #import sys class Cheers: def __init__(self): self.cheersMsg = 'Hello World !!' print Cheers stderr %s % stderr #print Cheers stderr %s % sys.stderr def _putCheers(self): printstderr, 'Here is my msg:', self.cheersMsg printstderr, 'This is a nice day today !!' #printsys.stderr, 'Here is my msg:', self.cheersMsg #printsys.stderr, 'This is a nice day today !!' def doSomeStuff(self): self._putCheers() And below there is the module that uses the above one (mymodule.py): #!/usr/bin/python import sys This imports HelloWorld.stderr: from HelloWorld import * You now have a global variable 'stderr' in module __main__, initialized to the same value as HelloWorld.stderr. class StderrCatcher: def __init__(self): self.data = '' def write(self,stuff): self.data = self.data + \t + stuff def main(): print mymodule stderr: %s % sys.stderr This rebinds sys.stderr and a local 'stderr' in main() sys.stderr = stderr = StderrCatcher() but both HelloWorld.stderr and __main__.stderr are unaffected. What you need is import HelloWorld sys.stderr = HelloWorld.stderr = StderrCatcher() m = Cheers() m.doSomeStuff() print stderr: \n%s % sys.stderr.data if __name__ == '__main__': main() Below there is the output when it doesn't work: mymodule stderr: open file 'stderr', mode 'w' at 0xb7d160b0 Cheers stderr open file 'stderr', mode 'w' at 0xb7d160b0 Here is my msg: Hello World !! This is a nice day today !! stderr: And here when it works: mymodule stderr: open file 'stderr', mode 'w' at 0xb7dc40b0 Cheers stderr __main__.StderrCatcher instance at 0xb7d8bd4c stderr: Here is my msg: Hello World !! This is a nice day today !! Thanks again! PS Sorry for having probably replied to somone of you directly :-( Hi Peter! Definitely you are right ! May be this time I understood completely the topic (or may be not ?... gosh !) ... I didn't considered well the from HelloWolrd import * in mymodule.py. Now my module is: import sys import HelloWorld class StderrCatcher: def __init__(self): self.data = '' def write(self,stuff): self.data = self.data + \t + stuff def main(): print mymodule stderr: %s % sys.stderr mystderr = sys.stderr = HelloWorld.stderr = StderrCatcher() m = HelloWorld.Cheers() m.doSomeStuff() print sys.stderr, mymodule prints something print stderr: \n%s % mystderr.data if __name__ == '__main__': main() and its output is: mymodule stderr: open file 'stderr', mode 'w' at 0xb7d2d0b0 Cheers stderr __main__.StderrCatcher instance at 0xb7cf4e4c stderr: Here is my msg: Hello World !! This is a nice day today !! mymodule prints something now it works perfectly ! Great ! Thanks to all of you ! Nisp -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: struct.Struct random access
castironpi [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'd like to seriously nominate this idea and get a considered opinion on it. struct.Struct lets you encode Python objects into structured memory. It accepts a format string, and optionally a buffer and offset to/from which to read/write the structure. What do you think of random access to the results? To avoid Marc's concern about meaningless anonymous record entries, model the constructor after 'namedtuple' type. (unproduced) packer= struct.Struct( 'IIIf255p', 'i1 i2 i3 afloat name' ) packer.pack_into( buf, off, 10, 20, 30, 0.5, 'abc' ) packer.unpack_from( buf, off, 'i3' ) 30 packer.unpack_from( buf, off ) ( 10, 20, 30, 0.5, 'abc' ) packer.pack_into( buf, off, 'i1', 12 ) What data type would you expect buf to be? Your design requires it to be both an input and an output parameter. Today's struct converts into and out of a string, and strings are immutable. So, to continue with that standard, you would have to pass a string into pack_into and have the modified result returned as an output: buf = packer.pack_into( None, 0, 10, 20, 30, 0.5, 'abc' ) buf = packer.pack_into( buf, 0, 'i1', 12 ) In the end, I'm not sure you are really saving anything. Even in sequential access speed benefits, by avoiding the construction of n-1 objects. This is a fairly major change, because it requires a struct.Struct object to maintain state, something that the struct module currently does not do. In my personal opinion, this is a rather large and confusing change, for very little benefit. -- Tim Roberts, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Providenza Boekelheide, Inc. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Ctypes module - looking for a way to dynamically call exported function from a set of dlls
On Wed, Aug 27, 2008 at 5:20 AM, Gabriel Genellina [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: En Tue, 26 Aug 2008 07:42:50 -0300, [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribi�: Hi, I'm using the ctypes module to load my dlls. I have some 10 dlls the names of those are passed to a fucntion which then loads the passed dll. Now every dll has a getversion function. eg: A.dll, B.dll, C.dll are the dlls and GetVersion functions are as: A_getVersion(), B_getVersion(), C_getVesion() The functionality I'm lookking for is that depending on the dll passed the right getVersion should be passed. I'm able to load the all the dlls passed to the function but I'm not able to call the function names dynamically Use getattr - same as with any other object. Suppose some_dll is your loaded DLL, then: function = getattr(some_dll, function_name) -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Hi Gabriel, Thanks for the help. That solved my problem. -- Regards, Rajat -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tkinter event loop question
On Aug 27, 10:42 pm, Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: so I guess the question here is from where you expect to call that method, and what you expect Tkinter to do when you call it... thanks for the reply i was planning to write a controller (as in MVC) that will instantiate a gui class and show the ui.the gui will send user input back to the controller which in turn will process it and send a result to the gui to be displayed something like controllermodule.py class Controller: def createGUI(self): root=Tk() self.mygui=uimodule.MyGUI(root) root.mainloop() def sendMessageToUI(self): self.mygui.displayResult(someresultValue) i don't know if this is the right way to do this..when i call sendMessage() it tries to call displayResult() on the gui instance which is already in an event loop.displayResult() gets called only after the event loop is finished(when i close gui window). is there a way to keep the gui window open and have the controller send a message to the gui instance so that i can pass the processed result value to the gui instance? thanks gordon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
I/O error 13 Permission denied -Cannot access file as it is used by another process.
Hello folks, I am creating a python script[windows vista and python2.5] which accesses another program(prog2).I my python script i am creating a temporary file and i write the output of prog2 in this temporary file. temp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='_suffix',prefix='prefix_',dir='C:\\Python25') - #this how create the temporary file ( i am not closing the temporary file).This works fine x= os.path.split(tn) y=x[1] Now i search for the file and then try to read this file so that i can perform some calculations. This step causes the problem file=open(find_file,rb) # find_file is the object returned after searching the file error mesage: the process cannot access the file as another process because it is being used by another program.(prog2 in this case) i/o error 13 permission denied Please help me on how can i fix this ? i am using os.system() in my program to communicate with prog2 Thanks in advance Aditya -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to ignore the first line of the text read from a file
On Aug 28, 6:11 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I am new to Python and have one simple question to which I cannot find a satisfactory solution. I want to read text line-by-line from a text file, but want to ignore only the first line. I know how to do it in Java (Java has been my primary language for the last couple of years) and following is what I have in Python, but I don't like it and want to learn the better way of doing it. file = open(fileName, 'r') lineNumber = 0 for line in file: if lineNumber == 0: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 else: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 print line Can anyone show me the better of doing this kind of task? Thanks in advance. fileInput = open(filename, 'r') for lnNum, line in enumerate(fileInput): if not lnNum: continue print line -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to ignore the first line of the text read from a file
I want to read text line-by-line from a text file, but want to ignore only the first line. I know how to do it in Java (Java has been my primary language for the last couple of years) and following is what I have in Python, but I don't like it and want to learn the better way of doing it. Why don't you read and discard the first line before processing the rest of the file? file = open(filename, 'r') file.readline() for line in file: print line, (It works). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: calling NetShareEnum win32api with ctypes
taghi wrote: I want to call NetShareEnum, a function from netapi32.dll Not a straightforward answer but... are you aware that this particular call is already wrapped by the pywin32 packages: https://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/ http://timgolden.me.uk/pywin32-docs/win32net__NetShareEnum_meth.html TJG PS Is it me or is SourceForge's latest redesign actually less useful than its last one? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: I/O error 13 Permission denied -Cannot access file as it is used by another process.
aditya shukla wrote: Hello folks, I am creating a python script[windows vista and python2.5] which accesses another program(prog2).I my python script i am creating a temporary file and i write the output of prog2 in this temporary file. temp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='_suffix',prefix='prefix_',dir='C:\\Python25') - #this how create the temporary file ( i am not closing the temporary file).This works fine Why on earth are you *specifying* c:\python25 as the directory for this file? It's automatically created in your user-specific temp directory which has specific permissions and is (obviously) specific to that user. You may -- depending on your needs -- also not need the suffix prefix. ie, unless you have some specific need in mind, just use: temp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile () x= os.path.split(tn) y=x[1] Now i search for the file and then try to read this file so that i can perform some calculations. This step causes the problem file=open(find_file,rb) # find_file is the object returned after searching the file error mesage: the process cannot access the file as another process because it is being used by another program.(prog2 in this case) i/o error 13 permission denied The main stumbling block here is that you're not posting code you're running, but fragments of code which may or may not exist in your source. What is tn? What have x and y to do with anything? What is find_file? And so on. As far as I can tell you're trying to create a temporary file, pass its name to another process which writes to it. You then, in the first process, read the results of the second process. Is that right? At the very least, please cut-and-paste a session from the console which is running the program so that the traceback is clear. Thanks TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: calling NetShareEnum win32api with ctypes
taghi wrote:
I wrote this code in python 2.5:
from ctypes import *
... snip ...
netapi32=cdll.LoadLibrary('netapi32.dll')
This is your problem: netapi32 is a windows
DLL and needs to be attached as such:
netapi32 = windll.LoadLibrary (netapi32.dll)
or, more simply:
netapi32 = windll.net32api
But see my other post re this function in pywin32
TJG
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: calling NetShareEnum win32api with ctypes
taghi wrote:
I wrote this code in python 2.5:
from ctypes import *
... snip ...
netapi32=cdll.LoadLibrary('netapi32.dll')
This is your problem: netapi32 is a windows
DLL and needs to be attached as such:
netapi32 = windll.LoadLibrary (netapi32.dll)
or, more simply:
netapi32 = windll.netapi32
But see my other post re this function in pywin32
TJG
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: problem with packages and path
On Wed, Aug 27, 2008 at 6:44 PM, Daniel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I'm writing some unit tests for my python software which uses packages. Here is the basic structure: mypackage __init__.py module1 __init__.py mod1.py module2 __init__.py mod2.py unittests __init__.py alltests.py test1.py test2.py within alltests.py I would expect to be able to import mypackage.unittests.test1. In fact within PyScripter this works as expected. However, when I execute the code from the command line, I get the following error: ImportError: No module named mypackage.unittests.test1 1) What is the command you're using to run the alltest.py module? 2) what is the result of: - python -c import mypackage - python -c import mypackage.unittests Regards Marco -- Marco Bizzarri http://iliveinpisa.blogspot.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: calling NetShareEnum win32api with ctypes
En Thu, 28 Aug 2008 02:01:23 -0300, taghi [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribi�:
I want to call NetShareEnum, a function from netapi32.dll
NetShareEnum has this definition:
[...]
netapi32=cdll.LoadLibrary('netapi32.dll')
netapi32.NetShareEnum(cname, level, byref(bufptr), prefmaxlen,
byref(entriesread), byref(totalentries), byref(resume))
but I get this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#12, line 1, in module
s.NetShareEnum(name, level, byref(bufptr), prefmaxlen,
entriesread, totalentries, resume)
ValueError: Procedure called with not enough arguments (28 bytes
missing) or wrong calling convention
Try with netapi32=windll.netapi32 instead
--
Gabriel Genellina
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Syntax error in .py file and globals variable values not available.
Timothy Grant a écrit : On Wed, Aug 27, 2008 at 2:49 AM, Alexis Boutillier [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I have a strange behaviour of python with pdb and import statement. Here is the example code : file my1.py: import my2 file my2.py: a=5 toto I intentionnaly put a syntax error in file my2.py. If I run python -i my2.py and run pdb I got : NameError: name 'toto' is not defined import pdb pdb.pm() - toto print a 5 If I run python -i my1.py and run pdb I got : NameError: name 'toto' is not defined import pdb pdb.pm() - toto print a None Why can't I get access to variable a in pdb when the process generating the error came from an import statement ? With python 2.3.5, it works fine and in the two cases I get the correct value of 5 for variable a. with python 2.43,2.5.1,2.5.2, it doesn't work and I get None value for variable a. Somebody can explain me this behaviour ? Thanks. -- Boutillier Alexis Methodology engineer Arteris SA The Network-on-Chip Company TM www.arteris.net 6 par Ariane Immeuble Mercure 78284 Guyancourt Cedex France Office: (+33) 1 61 37 38 71 Fax:(+33) 1 61 37 38 41 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Because of the syntax error the module wasn't loaded. What kind of behaviour would you expect on code that has been flagged as not executable? I got the same behaviour with : file my2.py: a=5 raise SystemError, In pdb, I can't have the value of attribute a. So this is not linked to the fact that it is a SyntaxError or a SystemError. I expect to be able to have the value of all attributes that have been used before the error occured. This is problematic because in a more complicated code, you can't have the value of the attribute that was used before the error occured. Python know that this attribute exist, it only don't have its value. other attribute affected are : __name__,__doc__,__file__. -- Boutillier Alexis Methodology engineer Arteris SA The Network-on-Chip Company TM www.arteris.net 6 par Ariane Immeuble Mercure 78284 Guyancourt Cedex France Office: (+33) 1 61 37 38 71 Fax:(+33) 1 61 37 38 41 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Descriptor leak in python 2.4 subprocess module
Hi, I hit an issue with the following python code: try: get_orient = subprocess.Popen (['jpegexiforient', '-n', pathfull], stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE) orient = get_orient.communicate ()[0] except: orient = None The intent of this was to read the exif orientation of a picture, or just use None if jpegexiforient can not run. The application worked fine on my devel machine but I noticed that on a different host, it crashed due to running out of file descriptors. After investigation I found out that the above code was responsible, leaking two file descriptors per invocation if jpegexiforient is not installed on the host. I don't see any way to fix it in my code either, since get_orient is not defined in the exception path, there is no way I can close its file descriptors myself. I believe this is a bug in the subprocess module, it should make sure to clean up after itself when getting out on the exception path. This is with python 2.4.4 on linux (debian etch distribution). Hope this helps. I would prefer to be copied in any replies as I'm not on the list (I will notice the replies after a while either way, but it'll be faster if you can copy me). Cheers, -- Michel Walken Lespinasse A program is never fully debugged until the last user dies. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Descriptor leak in python 2.4 subprocess module
Michel Lespinasse wrote: Hi, I hit an issue with the following python code: try: get_orient = subprocess.Popen (['jpegexiforient', '-n', pathfull], stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE) orient = get_orient.communicate ()[0] except: orient = None The intent of this was to read the exif orientation of a picture, or just use None if jpegexiforient can not run. The application worked fine on my devel machine but I noticed that on a different host, it crashed due to running out of file descriptors. After investigation I found out that the above code was responsible, leaking two file descriptors per invocation if jpegexiforient is not installed on the host. I don't see any way to fix it in my code either, since get_orient is not defined in the exception path, there is no way I can close its file descriptors myself. I believe this is a bug in the subprocess module, it should make sure to clean up after itself when getting out on the exception path. This looks like a duplicate of http://bugs.python.org/issue3210. Can you confirm if this seems likely (and, if so, perhaps add a note to the bug indicating that the problem is on Linux as well)? TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pythoncom and pywintypes
En Wed, 27 Aug 2008 21:17:22 -0300, Vistro [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribi�: Hey, there. I've been coding in python for about three weeks now. I have made basic games, tools to check forum PMs for me, and other general utilities with python, but I'm now encountering problems. http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-511211.html I want to do that, and I have installed both sets needed from source forge, but I always get this issue when I run the code, and there isn't a single listing on the internet that addresses this. Traceback (most recent call last): File C:/Documents and Settings/Guest Editor/Desktop/key.py, line 3, in module import pythoncom File C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\pythoncom.py, line 2, in module import pywintypes ImportError: No module named pywintypes I've installed pythoncom right from the box. I don't know whats wrong, but I'm sure it has something to do with my stupidity. Reinstalling the pywin32 package should fix that, I presume. BUT, here is the strangest part. # Magic utility that redirects to pythoncomxx.dll import pywintypes pywintypes.__import_pywin32_system_module__(pythoncom, globals()) That is ALL that pythoncom.py seems to be. ALL that. I think that it's trying to import something, THEN tell the interpreter where it is. That seems kinda stupid. In fact that __import_whatever function does a rather complex task, it must ensure that the *right* pywintypes25.dll (or pythoncom25.dll) is loaded, even when it's implicitely loaded. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Q] How to ignore the first line of the text read from a file
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I am new to Python and have one simple question to which I cannot find a satisfactory solution. I want to read text line-by-line from a text file, but want to ignore only the first line. I know how to do it in Java (Java has been my primary language for the last couple of years) and following is what I have in Python, but I don't like it and want to learn the better way of doing it. file = open(fileName, 'r') lineNumber = 0 for line in file: if lineNumber == 0: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 else: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 print line Can anyone show me the better of doing this kind of task? Thanks in advance. LineList=open(filename,'r').readlines()[1,] for line in Linelist: blah blah -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PYTHONPATH and modules
Hi I am programming a little script that makes use of a module I developed before. The utils are inside the directory src of the directory utils, and the package is nutum.utils. The script is in the directory src inside the directory sysinfo, and the package is nutum.sysinfo. Well, if not clear, this is the list of files: ls -lR ~/workspace (imaginary output): utils/src/nutum/__init__.py utils/src/nutum/utils/__init__.py utils/src/nutum/utils/general.py utils/src/nutum/utils/elapsed_time.py utils/src/nutum/utils/execute_command.py utils/src/nutum/utils/size_units.py sysinfo/src/nutum/__init__.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/__init__.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/sysinfo.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/modules/__init__.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/modules/base_module.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/modules/os.py So, when from the home directory I run this command: PYTHONPATH=workspace/utils/src/:workspace/sysinfo/src python -m nutum.sysinfo.sysinfo --config-file /home/juan/sysinfo.config.ini I get this output: Traceback (most recent call last): File /usr/lib/python2.5/runpy.py, line 85, in run_module loader = get_loader(mod_name) File /usr/lib/python2.5/pkgutil.py, line 456, in get_loader return find_loader(fullname) File /usr/lib/python2.5/pkgutil.py, line 466, in find_loader for importer in iter_importers(fullname): File /usr/lib/python2.5/pkgutil.py, line 422, in iter_importers __import__(pkg) ImportError: No module named sysinfo Also, if I run this similar command: PYTHONPATH=workspace/utils/src/:workspace/sysinfo/src python workspace/ sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/sysinfo.py --config-file /home/juan/ sysinfo.config.ini The output is this: No module named sysinfo.modules.os Traceback (most recent call last): File workspace/sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/sysinfo.py, line 156, in module classinstance = get_class(class_name)() File /home/juan/workspace/utils/src/nutum/utils/general.py, line 44, in get_class aClass = get_func(fullClassName) File /home/juan/workspace/utils/src/nutum/utils/general.py, line 27, in get_func aMod = get_mod(modPath) File /home/juan/workspace/utils/src/nutum/utils/general.py, line 14, in get_mod aMod = __import__(modulePath, globals(), locals(), ['']) ImportError: No module named sysinfo.modules.os Why this does happens? Why Python does not find the modules if they are already in the path? Why (in the second example) tries to find the module sysinfo.modules.os when I am really importing the module nutum.sysinfo.modules.os Thanks in advance. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Q] How to ignore the first line of the text read from a file
Ken Starks [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: LineList=open(filename,'r').readlines()[1,] You don't want to do that if the file is very large. Also, you meant [1:] rather than [1,] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to ignore the first line of the text read from a file
On Aug 28, 11:53 am, Ken Starks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I am new to Python and have one simple question to which I cannot find a satisfactory solution. I want to read text line-by-line from a text file, but want to ignore only the first line. I know how to do it in Java (Java has been my primary language for the last couple of years) and following is what I have in Python, but I don't like it and want to learn the better way of doing it. file = open(fileName, 'r') lineNumber = 0 for line in file: if lineNumber == 0: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 else: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 print line Can anyone show me the better of doing this kind of task? Thanks in advance. LineList=open(filename,'r').readlines()[1,] for line in Linelist: blah blah That's bad practice as you load the entire file in memory first as well as it will result in a type error (should be '.readlines()[1:]') -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
filter in for loop
I would like to say something like: for x in l if expression: do something e.g. for filename in os.listdir(DIR) if filename[-4:] == '.xml': do something instead of having to say: for filename in os.listdir(DIR): if filename[-4:] == '.xml': do something or for filename in (f for f in os.listdir(DIR) if f[-4] == '.xml'): do something is there a shortcut I'm missing? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: filter in for loop
GHZ a écrit : I would like to say something like: for x in l if expression: do something e.g. for filename in os.listdir(DIR) if filename[-4:] == '.xml': do something instead of having to say: for filename in os.listdir(DIR): if filename[-4:] == '.xml': do something or for filename in (f for f in os.listdir(DIR) if f[-4] == '.xml'): do something is there a shortcut I'm missing? Not AFAIK, and I sometimes regret it - but the first alternative is good enough IMHO. ot I'd rather use os.path.splitext or str.endswith than subscript, but YMMV. /ot -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: filter in for loop
On Aug 28, 12:20 pm, GHZ [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I would like to say something like: for x in l if expression: do something e.g. for filename in os.listdir(DIR) if filename[-4:] == '.xml': do something instead of having to say: for filename in os.listdir(DIR): if filename[-4:] == '.xml': do something or for filename in (f for f in os.listdir(DIR) if f[-4] == '.xml'): do something is there a shortcut I'm missing? from glob import glob from os import path DIR = 'PathToFiles' EXT = '*.xml' for filename in glob(path.join(DIR, EXT)): print filename -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: filter in for loop
On 28 elo, 13:20, GHZ [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
is there a shortcut I'm missing?
(Adding to Bruno's comment)
This kind of style provides a reusable filter/generator-function and
as a bonus, the for-loop becomes easier to understand.
from os.path import abspath
from glob import iglob
def ipathnames(pattern):
return (abspath(n) for n in iglob(pattern))
for xmlfile in ipathnames('*.xml'):
do something
-- timo
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python sockets UDP broadcast multicast question??
On 28 Ago, 08:09, inorlando [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all, I have a question about python and sockets , UDP datagram in particular. I'm new to socket programming so please bare with me. I am trying to write a simple application that broadcast files to another computer on the same network/subnet but I do not want the receiver computer to have to respond, I only want it to receive the packet. So this was simple enough, but my problem is this when I send a file that is say larger then 100K the receiver is not able to keep up with the packets as they arrive. I get say 60 or so then the rest are ignored. I have tried a couple of different approaches like threading and queuing, but all ultimately have the same problem. So my question is how can I receive a continuous stream of UDP packets to some kind of buffer for processing with out losing packets? Thank you for any help or guidance that you provide. - InOrlando The UDP protocol is defined 'unreliable' because it cannot guarantee in all conditions the delivery of all packets in the correct sequence. This means than in specific conditions, e.g. when the network or one of the communicating computers is overloaded, you can loose packets or receive them in the wrong order. So, first of all, if you cannon tolerate packet loss, consider switching the protocol to TCP. If you cannot change protocol (maybe because TCP has no multicast), then try to reduce the load on the computer and the network, e.g. by inserting a delay between two packet transmissions. But remember that this only reduce, does not cancel, the possibility of packet loss or packet mis-ordering. Of course, it could be a bug in your program, in which case none of the above matters ;) Ciao - FB -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Function References
On Aug 1, 6:35 am, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] schrieb: On Jul 31, 10:47 am, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I take the freedom to do so as I see fit - this is usenet... Fine, then keep beating a dead horse by replying to this thread with things that do nobody any good. It seems like there are a lot better way to waste time, though. You mean like trying to wrap ones head around the rather simple Python C API, not getting a callback mechanism implemented? For the record: I've wrapped C-libs myself, including callbacks. Been there, done that, discovered (years later) cytpes, been there for good. The Python/C API can get me back further without reliance on third- party libraries than ctypes. You don't consider your own library a third party lib? And unless you're wrapping C++, you're opinion is as uninformed as it is wrong. It also isn't subject to the quirks that ctypes is on platforms other than Windows (the target application runs on Windows, Mac, and eventually Linux once the original distributor has drivers for the device). I'm not even sure ctypes could load the lib/driver the distributor packaged. Oh please. I'm 98% working on linux osx. ctypes does a great job on these platforms. Regarding your objections I can only say: whatever the python runtime can load because of the underlying ld, ctypes can load. simply because they are the same. If *that* was the actual cause of problems, we wouldn't even talk about callbacks here. So really, I appreciate the option in ctypes, it's good stuff. But it's not for this project. Stop finding lame excuses for not wanting to ditch the work you've done in favor of a easier solution. You like your code, you want to keep it, you want to discover the intricasies of the Python C API? Be my guest. But stop embarassing yourself inventing reasons like licensing or linker problems you don't support with any facts whatsoever. Once again, the original question stands for anyone who has experience with the Python/C API callbacks. You know what? Just for the fun of it, I'll take a stab at it. It's easy: Create a proxy-function that matches the prototype of the c8allback which converts the passed arguments to python values using the C-api. Then call the registered python function using PyObject_CallFunction. Convert the return-value back to C, and return it. Make the function get the PyObject* for the call fetch from a global variable you set in the register-callback function, where you also register the proxy-function for the first time, or de-register if the passed value is None or such. Have fun. Diez Zen's lesson for today: THOU SHALT NOT MESS WITH ANY PYTHON'S SEMI-GODS, DEMI-GODS, AND PYTHON'S GOD. You're lucky Diez still want to help you with your attitude like that. May I remind you that we here helps you for free in our free time, be rude, especially to a frequent member, and you'll get what you deserve. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Function References
Zen's lesson for today: THOU SHALT NOT MESS WITH ANY PYTHON'S SEMI-GODS, DEMI-GODS, AND PYTHON'S GOD. You're lucky Diez still want to help you with your attitude like that. May I remind you that we here helps you for free in our free time, be rude, especially to a frequent member, and you'll get what you deserve. Thanks Lie, but I certainly don't consider myself being part of Python's olymp... :) Others here of course are, and a friendly and open attitude from everybody sure helps keeping this institution helpful. This goes also for frequent members - and I do include myself here, as I *sometimes* forget that myself, but try hard not to. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Tkinter tkMessageBox problem - message box is displayed with an additional window
Hi, I'm working on Windows Platform I'm facing some problem with the tkMessageBox. My code is as below: import tkMessageBox import Tix from Tkinter import * if len(installedLibPath) != len(listOfLibraries): if tkMessageBox.askyesno(Question, \ type='yesno', icon='warning', \ message=Some of the libraries are not installed. Do you wish to continue with the remaining?): myRoot = Tix.Tk() myAppGUIObject = myAppGUI(myRoot)#Class for my GUI myRoot.mainloop() else: sys.exit(0) The Message Box is called before the Tix.Tk mainloop(). The problems are as under : 1. Since the message box is displayed before the mainloop() is started, the message box is displayed with another window that is blank. This should not be displayed. 2. As a results of this messagebox (called before the mainloop) the original Gui started by mainloop doesnot work as desired. Some of the checkbuttons are displayed as unset (i.e un-ticked). These checkbuttons used to be set at initialization before I stared using this messagebox. Please help. Thanks and regards, Rajat -- Regrads, Rajat -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PYTHONPATH and modules
Juan a écrit : Hi I am programming a little script that makes use of a module I developed before. The utils are inside the directory src of the directory utils, and the package is nutum.utils. The script is in the directory src inside the directory sysinfo, and the package is nutum.sysinfo. Won't work, cf below. Well, if not clear, this is the list of files: ls -lR ~/workspace (imaginary output): utils/src/nutum/__init__.py utils/src/nutum/utils/__init__.py utils/src/nutum/utils/general.py utils/src/nutum/utils/elapsed_time.py utils/src/nutum/utils/execute_command.py utils/src/nutum/utils/size_units.py sysinfo/src/nutum/__init__.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/__init__.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/sysinfo.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/modules/__init__.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/modules/base_module.py sysinfo/src/nutum/sysinfo/modules/os.py A Python package is a filesystem directory with an __init__.py file in it. In your above layout, you have two *distinct, unrelated* packages both named nutum. The first found in sys.path will shadow the second. You either need to rename one, or refactor your layout to have utils and sysinfo under the same root package, ie: workspace/src/nutum/__init__.py workspace/src/nutum/utils/__init__.py workspace/src/nutum/utils/general.py workspace/src/nutum/utils/elapsed_time.py workspace/src/nutum/utils/execute_command.py workspace/src/nutum/utils/size_units.py workspace/src/nutum/sysinfo/__init__.py workspace/src/nutum/sysinfo/sysinfo.py workspace/src/nutum/sysinfo/modules/__init__.py workspace/src/nutum/sysinfo/modules/base_module.py workspace/src/nutum/sysinfo/modules/os.py HTH -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ANN: Leo 4.5 rc1 released
Leo 4.5 rc1 is now available at: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3458package_id=29106 Leo 4.5 contains many important new features. See below for details. Leo is a text editor, data organizer, project manager and much more. See: http://webpages.charter.net/edreamleo/intro.html The highlights of Leo 4.5: -- - Full support for @shadow files in Leo's core. - Major improvements to Leo's key binding code. - The beginning of usable vim-like bindings. - uA's may now be associated with vnodes in @thin and @shadow files. - Several magor reorganizations of Leo's code: including sax-based parsing, support for the Graph world (unified nodes), and simplified drawing code. - Leo is now an installable package. - Prepared code to be ready for Python 3.0. - Many small improvements and bug fixes. Links: -- Leo: http://webpages.charter.net/edreamleo/front.html Forum:http://groups.google.com/group/leo-editor Download: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3458 Bzr: http://code.launchpad.net/leo-editor/ Quotes: http://webpages.charter.net/edreamleo/testimonials.html Edward K. Ream email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Leo: http://webpages.charter.net/edreamleo/front.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to ignore the first line of the text read from a file
On Aug 27, 11:12 pm, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Wed, 27 Aug 2008 21:11:26 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I want to read text line-by-line from a text file, but want to ignore only the first line. I know how to do it in Java (Java has been my primary language for the last couple of years) and following is what I have in Python, but I don't like it and want to learn the better way of doing it. file = open(fileName, 'r') lineNumber = 0 for line in file: if lineNumber == 0: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 else: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 print line Can anyone show me the better of doing this kind of task? input_file = open(filename) lines = iter(input_file) lines.next()# Skip line. for line in lines: print line input_file.close() Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch A file object is its own iterator so you can do more simply: input_file = open(filename) input_file.next()# Skip line. for line in input_file: print line, input_file.close() Since the line read includes the terminating EOL character(s), print it with a print ... , to avoid adding an additional EOL. If the OP needs line numbers elsewhere in the code something like the following would work. infile = open(fileName, 'r') for lineNumber, line in enumerate (infile): # enumerate returns numbers starting with 0. if lineNumber == 0: continue print line, -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: GUI programming with python
zamil a écrit : Hello Everyone It's my very first email to this group. i am a beginner programmer of python. it it possible to build Desktop application using python. Yes. Which IDE should i use for this purpose? I suspect you are confusing IDE with GUI builder. FWIW, you don't *need* any IDE nor GUI builder - a decent code editor is enough. Now if you really want a GUI builder, you'll have to choose one that's tied to your GUI toolkit and that run on your platform. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to ignore the first line of the text read from a file
[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: If the OP needs line numbers elsewhere in the code something like the following would work. infile = open(fileName, 'r') for lineNumber, line in enumerate (infile): # enumerate returns numbers starting with 0. if lineNumber == 0: continue print line, This also seems like a good time to mention (untested): from itertools import islice for line in islice(infile, 1, None): print line, -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Process Killed
dieter wrote:
Hi,
Overview
===
I'm doing some simple file manipulation work and the process gets
Killed everytime I run it. No traceback, no segfault... just the
word Killed in the bash shell and the process ends. The first few
batch runs would only succeed with one or two files being processed
(out of 60) before the process was Killed. Now it makes no
successful progress at all. Just a little processing then Killed.
That isn't a Python thing. Run sleep 60 in one shell, then kill -9
the process in another shell, and you'll get the same message.
I know my shared web host has a daemon that does that to processes that
consume too many resources.
Wait a minute. If you ran this multiple times, won't it have removed the
first two lines from the first files multiple times, deleting some data
you actually care about? I hope you have backups...
Question
===
Any Ideas? Is there a buffer limitation? Do you think it could be the
filesystem?
Any suggestions appreciated Thanks.
The code I'm running:
==
from glob import glob
def manipFiles():
filePathList = glob('/data/ascii/*.dat')
If that dir is very large, that could be slow. Both because glob will
run a regexp over every filename, and because it will return a list of
every file that matches.
If you have Python 2.5, you could use glob.iglob() instead of
glob.glob(), which returns an iterator instead of a list.
for filePath in filePathList:
f = open(filePath, 'r')
lines = f.readlines()[2:]
This reads the entire file into memory. Even better, I bet slicing
copies the list object temporarily, before the first one is destroyed.
f.close()
f = open(filePath, 'w')
f.writelines(lines)
f.close()
print file
This is unrelated, but print file will just say type 'file',
because it's the name of a built-in object, and you didn't assign to it
(which you shouldn't anyway).
Actually, if you *only* ran that exact code, it should exit almost
instantly, since it does one import, defines a function, but doesn't
actually call anything. ;-)
Sample lines in File:
# time, ap, bp, as, bs, price, vol, size, seq, isUpLast, isUpVol,
isCancel
1062993789 0 0 0 0 1022.75 1 1 0 1 0 0
1073883668 1120 1119.75 28 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Info
- The file sizes range from 76 Kb to 146 Mb
- I'm running on a Gentoo Linux OS
- The filesystem is partitioned and using: XFS for the data
repository, Reiser3 for all else.
How about this version? (note: untested)
import glob
import os
def manipFiles():
# If you don't have Python 2.5, use glob.glob instead.
filePaths = glob.iglob('/data/ascii/*.dat')
for filePath in filePaths:
print filePath
fin = open(filePath, 'rb')
fout = open(filePath + '.out', 'wb')
# Discard two lines
fin.next(); fin.next()
fout.writelines(fin)
fin.close()
fout.close()
os.rename(filePath + '.out', filePath)
I don't know how light it will be on CPU, but it should use very little
memory (unless you have some extremely long lines, I guess). You could
write a version that just used .read() and .write() in chunks
Also, it temporarily duplicates whatever.dat to whatever.dat.out,
and if whatever.dat.out already exists, it will blindly overwrite it.
Also, if this is anything but a one-shot script, you should use
try...finally statements to make sure the file objects get closed (or,
in Python 2.5, the with statement).
--
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python on Mac
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi All.
I'm really new in the python world, so, sorry if my question is particulary
stupid.
I've just installed on my system (Mac OS X 10.4 PPC) the python version
2.5.2 and all works fine.
My next step is to install the version 3.0 (when available). I've read
somewhere that this version will break the backward compatibility with the
2.x series. I know that several Mac apps (such as Xcode developement
environment) use python for its internal functionalities. Now, my question
is: what will appen to the Mac apps if I install the version 3.0 of python?
Is it safe to install this version without to compromise the behaviour of
the system?
Thanks in advance for any answer and, again, sorry if my question is
particulary stupid, I will learn with time.
Luca.
The standard Python installs that I have put the new python in the
directory /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/ and
the additional packages in some subdirectory of that one.
The Apple installed Python is in
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/
DO NOT TOUCH that one. Just leave it alone. You can set your
.bash_profile path to make sure your Python is used when you run your
scripts. This shouldn't affect the Apple Python. Basically, the
directories /usr/local/:/usr/local/bin/ should come *before* the system
/bin directories. So your .bash_profile should have something like this
line in it:
PATH=/usr/local/:/usr/local/bin/:${PATH}
export PATH
Bottom line: your installs and Apples' Python are separate and that's
how it should be.
Hope that helps. Others: please correct if I am wrong. Thanks.
--
-- Lou Pecora
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PyImport_ImportModule deadlocks
Hey all, I have an embedded Python shell and everything works fine, however, in my stdout catcher (in C to grab tracebacks) for some reason when I do a : PyImport_ImportModule( sys ) It deadlocks the process, is there a need for me to acquire locks inside of my stdout catching function before calling that import? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Multiple values for one key
Le Thursday 28 August 2008 03:43:16 norseman, vous avez écrit :
Terry Reedy wrote:
Ron Brennan wrote:
Hello,
How would I create a dictionary that contains multiple values for one
key.
Make the value a collection object (set or list if you plan to add and
delete).
I'd also like the key to be able to have duplicate entries.
Dict keys must be hashable and unique.
tjr
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
First part I understand, second is still giving me a problem.
For some reason I still want keys to be dbf column headers.
like:
name:address:zip so forth
--- --- --
guy: unknown:0
girl: 123 tiny street:12345
boy:321 here:3
gal:999 over there: 5
so forth
Thus one key has many values. And you can then index on whatever key(s)
you wish - name,zip...
With billions plus records, trying to put a unique key on each entry
seems to preclude the need for a dictionary, just use the entries.
(Format to SDF and index on substr(line,1,24)+substr(line,48,+5) etc..)
name+ zip
OK - I know I missed the whole concept of a Python Dictionary. I haven't
read anything as yet that gives a clear picture of what it is and what
it is for. Please, classroom concepts usually consist of a handful of
objects. I have files here that takes up multiple DVDs each, AFTER a 15
to 1 compression. 3 bytes per pixel. I need to work with them. Things
like changing geobase projections and cookie cutting based on real world
coordinates and modifying the lumens and so forth. Based on what I've
read, the Python Dictionary concept flat will not work for such as this.
Yes - the example is overkill. But in my world it is reality. I deal
with sizeable things. Not all are raster. Most all are binary! Things
that work on massive text files - like banking and mortgage - simply
don't work here. There are seldom 'lines'. There are always bytes. Lots
of bytes. Things that form a group are not necessarily stored sequentially.
Back to What Is A Python Dictionary: Somebody please enlighten me.
Disctionaries are hash tables with a unique key and constant time lookup. What
you want could be implemented as a complex data structures with as many dict
as needed keys, but it seems you really want a relational table and a rdbms.
This is exactly what they are for. A short example with the new python2.5
sqlite package :
[107]: import sqlite3
[108]: from string import letters
[109]: db = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')
[110]: db.execute(create table 'table1' ('name' text(20), 'address'
text(100), primary key ('name', 'address')))
...[110]: sqlite3.Cursor object at 0x2b0cd9712c38
[111]: db.executemany(insert into 'table1' values (?, ?),
((letters[i%len(letters)]*i, %d street % i) for i in range(1000))).rowcount
...[111]: 1000
[112]: for i in db.execute(select * from 'table1' where address
like '99 %') : print i
.:
(u'VVV',
u'99 street')
[113]: for i in db.execute(select * from 'table1' where name
like '___') : print i
.:
(u'ddd', u'3 street')
[114]: db.execute(insert into 'table1' values (?, ?), ('ddd', '4
street')).rowcount
...[114]: 1
[115]: for i in db.execute(select * from 'table1' where name
like '___') : print i
.:
(u'ddd', u'3 street')
(u'ddd', u'4 street')
[116]: db.execute(insert into 'table1' values (?, ?), ('ddd', '4
street')).rowcount
---
IntegrityErrorTraceback (most recent call last)
/home/maric/ipython console in module()
IntegrityError: columns name, address are not unique
Steve
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
_
Maric Michaud
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List of modules available for import inside Python?
On Aug 28, 12:21 am, ssecorp [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is there a way to view all the modules I have available for import from within Python? Like writing in the interpreter: import.modules Also, is there anything like Cpan for Python? Isn't the most obvious answer to the first question this link? http://docs.python.org/modindex.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tkinter tkMessageBox problem - message box is displayed with an additional window
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 10:29 AM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I'm working on Windows Platform I'm facing some problem with the tkMessageBox. My code is as below: import tkMessageBox import Tix from Tkinter import * if len(installedLibPath) != len(listOfLibraries): if tkMessageBox.askyesno(Question, \ type='yesno', icon='warning', \ message=Some of the libraries are not installed. Do you wish to continue with the remaining?): myRoot = Tix.Tk() myAppGUIObject = myAppGUI(myRoot)#Class for my GUI myRoot.mainloop() else: sys.exit(0) It is good to post a short code sample that demonstrates the problem, but it has to run by itself at least. The Message Box is called before the Tix.Tk mainloop(). The problems are as under : 1. Since the message box is displayed before the mainloop() is started, the message box is displayed with another window that is blank. This should not be displayed. 2. As a results of this messagebox (called before the mainloop) the original Gui started by mainloop doesnot work as desired. Some of the checkbuttons are displayed as unset (i.e un-ticked). These checkbuttons used to be set at initialization before I stared using this messagebox. tkMessageBox blocks till you finish it, maybe that is what is causing your problem but it is hard to tell what you are doing wrong in that myAppGui without seeing it (preferably reduced code demonstrating the problem). Now.. an attempt to solve your problem. Tk always has a root window going on, so that another window is inevitable, but you can hide and show it again when needed. You could do something like this: import tkMessageBox import Tkinter class App(object): def __init__(self, master): self.master = master print tkMessageBox is gone now root = Tkinter.Tk() root.withdraw() tkMessageBox.askyesno(Question, message=Do you use Python?, type='yesno', icon='warning', master=root) root.deiconify() app = App(root) root.mainloop() Please help. Thanks and regards, Rajat -- Regrads, Rajat -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- -- Guilherme H. Polo Goncalves -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: filter in for loop
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 6:20 AM, GHZ [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
is there a shortcut I'm missing?
Well, there's another way to do it, using the filter built in function:
for filename in filter(lambda f:f.endswith('.xml'), os.listdir('.')):
print filename
You can do the same thing with itertools.ifilter if you need to deal
with arbitrary iterables. I think your first example of:
for filename in os.listdir('.'):
if filename.endswith('.xml'):
do something
Is the most readable though.
--
Jerry
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python svn bindings for Subversion?
I'm trying to get Subversion 'hook scripts' working on an Ubuntu box and the following fails. from svn import fs, repos, core, delta As far as I can tell there are two Python Subversion libraries, 'pysvn' and 'svn': 'pysvn' from http://pysvn.tigris.org/ appears to be a client side interface and isn't what I need. 'svn' appears to be a SWIG wrapper and could be what I'm looking for, but I cannot find it anywhere. Can anyone point me in the right direction. Thanks Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
cannot find object instance
hi, i am a python newbie..while trying out some message passing between two object instances i came across a problem moduleA.py import moduleB class MyClassA: def __init__(self): self.age=0 self.address='' def createClassB(self): self.objB=moduleB.MyClassB() def validate(self,age,address): if(age = 100 or address==''): self.age=20; self.address=Broadway,NewYork self.objB.display(self.age,self.address) def callB(self): self.objB.execute() if __name__ == __main__: objA=MyClassA() objA.createClassB() objA.callB() moduleB.py -- import moduleA class MyClassB: def __init__(self): self.createA() def createA(self): self.objA=moduleA.MyClassA() def execute(self): self.objA.validate(111,'') def display(self,age,address): print 'displaying:',str(age),address when i run the code i get a message AttributeError: MyClassA instance has no attribute 'objB' Do i have to put a placeholder for objB in __init__ of MyClassA ? is that why i get this error?someone please tell me how i can solve this? I tried to put self.objB=None but it didn't work..(i was thinking of java style objB=NULL ) please help thanks jim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Identifying the start of good data in a list
George Sakkis wrote: On Aug 27, 3:00 pm, Gerard flanagan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have a list that starts with zeros, has sporadic data, and then has good data. I define the point at which the data turns good to be the first index with a non-zero entry that is followed by at least 4 consecutive non-zero data items (i.e. a week's worth of non-zero data). For example, if my list is [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], I would define the point at which data turns good to be 4 (1 followed by 2, 3, 4, 5). I have a simple algorithm to identify this changepoint, but it looks crude: is there a cleaner, more elegant way to do this? flag = True i=-1 j=0 while flag and i len(retHist)-1: i += 1 if retHist[i] == 0: j = 0 else: j += 1 if j == 5: flag = False del retHist[:i-4] Thanks in advance for your help Thomas Philips data = [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] def itergood(indata): indata = iter(indata) buf = [] while len(buf) 4: buf.append(indata.next()) if buf[-1] == 0: buf[:] = [] for x in buf: yield x for x in indata: yield x for d in itergood(data): print d This seems the most efficient so far for arbitrary iterables. With a few micro-optimizations it becomes: from itertools import chain def itergood(indata, good_ones=4): indata = iter(indata); get_next = indata.next buf = []; append = buf.append while len(buf) good_ones: next = get_next() if next: append(next) else: del buf[:] return chain(buf, indata) $ python -m timeit -s x = 1000*[0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3] + [1,2,3,4]; from itergood import itergood list(itergood(x)) 100 loops, best of 3: 3.09 msec per loop And with Psyco enabled: $ python -m timeit -s x = 1000*[0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3] + [1,2,3,4]; from itergood import itergood list(itergood(x)) 1000 loops, best of 3: 466 usec per loop George -- I always forget the 'del slice' method for clearing a list, thanks. I think that returning a `chain` means that the function is not itself a generator. And so if the indata has length less than or equal to the threshold (good_ones), an unhandled StopIteration is raised before the return statement is reached. G. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Multiple values for one key
norseman a écrit :
Terry Reedy wrote:
Ron Brennan wrote:
Hello,
How would I create a dictionary that contains multiple values for one
key.
Make the value a collection object (set or list if you plan to add and
delete).
I'd also like the key to be able to have duplicate entries.
Dict keys must be hashable and unique.
tjr
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
First part I understand, second is still giving me a problem.
For some reason I still want keys to be dbf column headers.
like:
name:address:zip so forth
--- --- --
guy: unknown:0
girl: 123 tiny street:12345
boy:321 here:3
gal:999 over there: 5
so forth
Thus one key has many values. And you can then index on whatever key(s)
you wish - name,zip...
You can either use 1/ a list of dicts, or 2/ a dict mapping keys to lists.
1/
records = [
{name:guy, address:unknown,zip:0},
{name:girl, address:123 tiny street,zip:12345},
{name:boy, address:321 here,zip:3},
{name:gal, address:999 over there,zip:5},
]
keys = (name, address, zip)
print :.join(keys)
print - * len(:.join(keys))
for record in records:
data = [record[key] for key in keys]
print :.join(data)
2/
records = dict(
name=[guy, girl, boy, gal],
address=[unknown,123 tiny street,321 there,999 over there],
zip=[0, 12345, 3, 5]
)
keys = (name, address, zip)
nb_records = len(records[keys[0]])
print :.join(keys)
print - * len(:.join(keys))
for i in xrange(nb_records):
data = [data[key][i] for key in keys]
print :.join(data)
You are of course entitled the right to prefer the second solution, but
then I hope I'll never have to maintain your code, since it's obviously
not an appropriate data structure.
With billions plus records,
With billions plus records, it may be time to move to a serious RDBMS.
Which btw will provide solution 1, or a lighter version of it using a
list of tuples, ie:
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(select name, address, zip from peoples)
records = cursor.fetchall()
# at this time, you have :
#records = [
# (guy, unknown,0,),
# (girl, 123 tiny street,12345,),
# (boy, 321 here,3,),
# (gal, 999 over there, 5,),
#]
(snip)
OK - I know I missed the whole concept of a Python Dictionary.
Bad thing for you, since it's the central datastructure in Python.
I haven't
read anything as yet that gives a clear picture of what it is and what
it is for.
Then you failed to read the FineManual's tutorial, which is where you
should have started:
http://docs.python.org/tut/node7.html#SECTION00750
Do yourself a favour : read the above first, then if you still have
questions about dicts, we'll gladly try to help.
And do yourself another favour : learn about SQL, relational model and
RDBMS.
(snip description of why the OP *really* wants a RDBMS)
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: def X(l=[]): weirdness. Python bug ?
Bart van Deenen wrote: Hi all. I've stumbled onto a python behavior that I don't understand at all. Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Jul 31 2008, 17:28:52) # function def X(l=[]): l.append(1) print l # first call of X X() [1] #second call of X X() [1, 1] Where does the list parameter 'l' live between the two successive calls of X(). Why is it not recreated with an empty list? Is this correct behavior or is it a Python bug? Does anyone have any pointers to the language documentation where this behavior is described? Thanks all Bart van Deenen I happen to be reading about decorators at the moment: from copy import deepcopy def nodefault(myfunc): myfunc_defaults = myfunc.func_defaults def fresh(*args, **kwargs): myfunc.func_defaults = deepcopy(myfunc_defaults) return myfunc(*args, **kwargs) return fresh @nodefault def X(l=[]): l.append(1) print l for i in range(1,6): ... X() ... [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] Which is just a very fancy way of doing: def X(l=[]): if l is None: l = [] l.append(1) print l * sound of two pennies * -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Wild Card String Comparison
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], W. eWatson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is it possible to do a search for a wild card string in another string. For example, I'd like to find v*.dat in a string called bingo. v must be matched against only the first character in bingo, and not simply found somewhere in bingo, as might be the case for *v*.dat. . . . Does this session leave any questions: python Python 2.4.4c0 (#2, Oct 2 2006, 00:57:46) [GCC 4.1.2 20060928 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-15)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import re pattern = ^v.*\.dat compiled = re.compile(pattern) compiled.match(victory.dat) _sre.SRE_Match object at 0xb7da2c60 ms = compiled.match(victory.dat) ms.group() victory.dat compiled.match(avoid.dat) # Notice the return value of None. ... import sys sys.exit() ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List of modules available for import inside Python?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is there a way to view all the modules I have available for import from within Python? Like writing in the interpreter: import.modules Also, is there anything like Cpan for Python? Isn't the most obvious answer to the first question this link? depends on whether you want a list of the modules that you might be able to import, or the modules that are actually present on your system. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Problem with list.insert
Dear Group,
I wrote one program,
There is a dictionary.
There is an input string.
Every word of input string the word is matched against the dictionary
If the word of input string is matched against the dictionary it gives
the word of the dictionary.
But if it does not find it gives the original word.
After searching the words are joined back.
But as I am joining I am finding the words which are not available in
dictionary are printed in the last even if the word is given in the
first/middle.
Now, I want to take them in order.
I am applying a thumb rule that the position of the word of the string
is exact with the resultant string.
So, I am determining the word which is not in the dictionary, and its
position in the input string.
Now I am inserting it in the target string, for this I am splitting
both the given string and the output/result string.
Till now it is working fine.
But a problem happening is that if I insert it it is inserting same
words multiple times and the program seems to be an unending process.
What is the error happening?
If any one can suggest.
The code is given below:
import re
def wordchecker1(n):
# INPUTTING STRING
a1=raw_input(PRINT ONE ENGLISH SENTENCE FOR DICTIONARY CHECK:)
#CONVERTING TO LOWER CASE
a2=a1.lower()
#CONVERTING INTO LIST
a3=a2.split()
#DICTIONARY
a4=open(/python25/Changedict3.txt,r)
a5=a4.read()
a6=a5.split()
found=[]
not_found=[]
#SEARCHING DICTIONARY
for x in a3:
a7=\n
a8=a7+x
if a8 in a5:
a9=a5.index(a8)
a10=a5[a9:]
a11=re.search(\xe0.*?\n,a10)
a12=a11.group()
a13=a12[:-1]
found.append(a13)
elif a8 not in a5:
a14=x
not_found.append(a14)
else:
print Error
found.extend(not_found)
# THE OUTPUT
print OUTPUT STRING IS
a15=(' '.join(found))
#THE OUTPUT STRING
print a15
# SPLITTING OUTPUT STRING IN WORDS
a16=a15.split()
#TAKING OUT THE WORD FROM OUTPUT STRING
for word in a16:
#MATCHING WITH GIVEN STRING
a17=a2.find(word)
if a17-1:
print The word is found in the Source String
a18=a3.index(word)
a19=a3[a18]
print a19
#INSERTING IN THE LIST OF TARGET STRING
a20=a16.insert(a18,a19)
print a16
a21=( .join(a16))
print a21
Best Regards,
Subhabrata.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: cannot find object instance
jimgardener a écrit : hi, i am a python newbie.. From what I can see from your code, you're a newbie to programming in general... while trying out some message passing between two object instances i came across a problem First point : you have both a circular dependency between ModuleA and ModuleB - which is better to avoid unless you really like headaches... You mention Java somewhere else, so I assume you have some at least some Java background. Point here is that Python is not Java, and doesn't restrict you to one (public) class per module. IOW, if you have two strongly related classes (which is obviously the case here), better to put both in a same module. moduleA.py import moduleB class MyClassA: def __init__(self): self.age=0 self.address='' def createClassB(self): self.objB=moduleB.MyClassB() Why is this in a distinct method instead of being in the initializer ? And why is it named create*Class* when it creates an *instance* ? def validate(self,age,address): if(age = 100 or address==''): self.age=20; self.address=Broadway,NewYork self.objB.display(self.age,self.address) def callB(self): self.objB.execute() Looks like a somewhat messy, circonvoluted and arbitrary overcomplexificated control flow... if __name__ == __main__: objA=MyClassA() objA.createClassB() objA.callB() moduleB.py -- import moduleA class MyClassB: def __init__(self): self.createA() def createA(self): self.objA=moduleA.MyClassA() You do understand that self.objA won't be the same MyClassA instance as the one that instanciated this instance of MyClassB, do you ? def execute(self): self.objA.validate(111,'') def display(self,age,address): print 'displaying:',str(age),address You don't have to call str on age here. when i run the code i get a message AttributeError: MyClassA instance has no attribute 'objB' Indeed. You first create an instance of MyClassA named objA, call createClassB() on it which create an instance of MyClassB referenced by objA.objB. When objA.objB is created, it itself creates another instance of MyClassA referenced by objA.objB.objA, which is totally distinct from objA... Then you call objA.callB(), which itself call objA.objB.execute(), which in turn call objA.objB.objA.validate(), which in turn call objA.objB.objA.objB.display(). But at this point, objA.objB.objA (which, I repeat, is *not* objA) has no attribute objB since you didn't call objA.objB.objA.createClassB()... You could have understood this by yourself, either the way I did (mentally tracing program execution) or using a couple print statements in your code (to effectively trace program execution), or using the debugger... Do i have to put a placeholder for objB in __init__ of MyClassA ? is that why i get this error?someone please tell me how i can solve this? I tried to put self.objB=None but it didn't work.. ot Trying anything that comes to mind instead of trying to understand how things work is a well-known antipattern named programming by accident. The best you can hope from this approach is that, for unknown reasons, things accidentally seem to work. Until the day where, for still unknown reasons, they either stop working, or it appears they never really worked at all. Needless to say, this approach is a pure waste of time. /ot class ClassA(object): def __init__(self, age=0, address=''): self.age = age self.address = address self.b= ClassB(self) def validate(self,age,address): if(age = 100 or address==''): self.age=20; self.address=Broadway,NewYork self.b.display(self.age, self.address) def call_b(self): self.b.execute() class ClassB(object): def __init__(self, a): self.a = a def execute(self): self.a.validate(111,'') def display(self, age, address): print 'displaying: %s %s' % (age, address) if __name__ == __main__: objA=ClassA() objA.call_b() Note that this is still uselessly messy and arbitrary overcomplificated... Such a ping-pong between two classes is more often than not a design smell. HTH -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with list.insert
On Thu, 28 Aug 2008 09:13:00 -0700, SUBHABRATA wrote:
import re
def wordchecker1(n):
# INPUTTING STRING
a1=raw_input(PRINT ONE ENGLISH SENTENCE FOR DICTIONARY CHECK:)
#CONVERTING TO LOWER CASE
a2=a1.lower()
#CONVERTING INTO LIST
a3=a2.split()
#DICTIONARY
a4=open(/python25/Changedict3.txt,r) a5=a4.read()
a6=a5.split()
found=[]
not_found=[]
#SEARCHING DICTIONARY
for x in a3:
a7=\n
a8=a7+x
if a8 in a5:
a9=a5.index(a8)
a10=a5[a9:]
a11=re.search(\xe0.*?\n,a10)
a12=a11.group()
a13=a12[:-1]
found.append(a13)
elif a8 not in a5:
a14=x
not_found.append(a14)
else:
print Error
found.extend(not_found)
# THE OUTPUT
print OUTPUT STRING IS
a15=(' '.join(found))
#THE OUTPUT STRING
print a15
# SPLITTING OUTPUT STRING IN WORDS
a16=a15.split()
#TAKING OUT THE WORD FROM OUTPUT STRING for word in a16:
#MATCHING WITH GIVEN STRING
a17=a2.find(word)
if a17-1:
print The word is found in the Source String
a18=a3.index(word)
a19=a3[a18]
print a19
#INSERTING IN THE LIST OF TARGET STRING
a20=a16.insert(a18,a19)
print a16
a21=( .join(a16))
print a21
a1, a2, a2, …, a20? You must be kidding. Please stop numbering names
and use *meaningful* names instead!
Could you describe them problem better, with sample inputs and expected
outputs. There must be a better way that that unreadable mess above.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: cannot find object instance
On Thu, 28 Aug 2008 08:35:07 -0700, jimgardener wrote: moduleA.py import moduleB […] moduleB.py -- import moduleA […] Don't do that. Circular imports are a code smell. If two modules are coupled that tight it's usually a sign that you want just one module or factoring out something into a third module that is imported by both old modules. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Multiple values for one key
2008/8/28 Bruno Desthuilliers [EMAIL PROTECTED]:
You can either use 1/ a list of dicts, or 2/ a dict mapping keys to lists.
1/
records = [
{name:guy, address:unknown,zip:0},
{name:girl, address:123 tiny street,zip:12345},
{name:boy, address:321 here,zip:3},
{name:gal, address:999 over there,zip:5},
]
I think I'd make a class with members name, address, zip, etc. Then
make a list of instances of that class or (better for access) identify
a primary key -- what *is* unique about each entry -- and use that as
a dictionary key with class instances as values. Or use a DBMS.
Certainly the original poster should read up on database design, or
chances are he'll have a nightmare maintaining referential integrity.
--
Tim Rowe
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to update value in dictionary?
On Aug 27, 8:01 pm, Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
mblume wrote:
2) setdefault is your friend
d = {}
d['a'] = d.setdefault('a', 1) + 1
d['a'] = d.get('a', 1) + 1
seems to me a little better, as d['a'] doesn't get set twice, right?
setdefault is pronounced get, and set if necessary. it only updates
the dictionary if the key isn't already there:
help({}.setdefault)
Help on built-in function setdefault:
setdefault(...)
D.setdefault(k[,d]) - D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D
(since setdefault is a method, the second argument is evaluated whether
it's used or not, but that's true for your approach as well, and isn't
much of a problem for a light-weight object like the integer 1.)
Both
d['a'] = d.setdefault('a', 1) + 1
and
d['a'] = d.get('a', 1) + 1
will set d['a'] to 2 if 'a' isn't initially in d.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Multiple values for one key
I have another question.
How would like to be able to add the contents on the values for one key.
key['20001']:[978, 345]
How can I do this?
Thanks,
Ron
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 11:56 AM, Bruno Desthuilliers
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
norseman a écrit :
Terry Reedy wrote:
Ron Brennan wrote:
Hello,
How would I create a dictionary that contains multiple values for one
key.
Make the value a collection object (set or list if you plan to add and
delete).
I'd also like the key to be able to have duplicate entries.
Dict keys must be hashable and unique.
tjr
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
First part I understand, second is still giving me a problem.
For some reason I still want keys to be dbf column headers.
like:
name:address:zip so forth
--- --- --
guy: unknown:0
girl: 123 tiny street:12345
boy:321 here:3
gal:999 over there: 5
so forth
Thus one key has many values. And you can then index on whatever key(s)
you wish - name,zip...
You can either use 1/ a list of dicts, or 2/ a dict mapping keys to lists.
1/
records = [
{name:guy, address:unknown,zip:0},
{name:girl, address:123 tiny street,zip:12345},
{name:boy, address:321 here,zip:3},
{name:gal, address:999 over there,zip:5},
]
keys = (name, address, zip)
print :.join(keys)
print - * len(:.join(keys))
for record in records:
data = [record[key] for key in keys]
print :.join(data)
2/
records = dict(
name=[guy, girl, boy, gal],
address=[unknown,123 tiny street,321 there,999 over there],
zip=[0, 12345, 3, 5]
)
keys = (name, address, zip)
nb_records = len(records[keys[0]])
print :.join(keys)
print - * len(:.join(keys))
for i in xrange(nb_records):
data = [data[key][i] for key in keys]
print :.join(data)
You are of course entitled the right to prefer the second solution, but
then I hope I'll never have to maintain your code, since it's obviously not
an appropriate data structure.
With billions plus records,
With billions plus records, it may be time to move to a serious RDBMS.
Which btw will provide solution 1, or a lighter version of it using a list
of tuples, ie:
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(select name, address, zip from peoples)
records = cursor.fetchall()
# at this time, you have :
#records = [
# (guy, unknown,0,),
# (girl, 123 tiny street,12345,),
# (boy, 321 here,3,),
# (gal, 999 over there, 5,),
#]
(snip)
OK - I know I missed the whole concept of a Python Dictionary.
Bad thing for you, since it's the central datastructure in Python.
I haven't read anything as yet that gives a clear picture of what it is and
what it is for.
Then you failed to read the FineManual's tutorial, which is where you
should have started:
http://docs.python.org/tut/node7.html#SECTION00750
Do yourself a favour : read the above first, then if you still have
questions about dicts, we'll gladly try to help.
And do yourself another favour : learn about SQL, relational model and
RDBMS.
(snip description of why the OP *really* wants a RDBMS)
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
FYI, my email address is changing. My rogers account will be deactivated
shortly. From now on please use:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: cannot find object instance
On Aug 28, 9:35 pm, Bruno Desthuilliers bruno. [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Such a ping-pong between two classes is more often than not a design smell. thanks Bruno,i understand my mistake..should have figured it out myself thanks again jim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with list.insert
Some people in the room told I am kidding, but I learnt Python from
Python docs which gives examples like these,
But I write explicit comments,
an excerpt from python docs:
# Measure some strings:
... a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']
for x in a:
... print x, len(x)
...
cat 3
window 6
defenestrate 12
But well, if you are suggesting improvement I'll surely listen.
The outputs are given in Hindi, it is a dictionary look up program,
the matching words are in Hindi, you may leave aside them.
How to debug the result string is to see the words which are in
English as the group page does not take italics so I am putting one
asterisk* after it
NO PROBLEM:
INPUT:
he has come
OUTPUT IS
उओह/ उन्होने रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना
PROBLEM:
INPUT:
(i) Lincoln* has come
OUTPUT IS:
रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना lincoln*
lincoln lincoln* रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना lincoln
lincoln lincoln* lincoln* रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना lincoln
….and increasing the number and seems a never ending process.
MY EXPEPECTED STRING IS:
lincoln रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना lincoln^
The latter places marked^ I am editing don't worry for that,
though MY FINAL EXPECTED STRING IS:
lincoln रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना
Best Regards,
Subhabrata.
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
On Thu, 28 Aug 2008 09:13:00 -0700, SUBHABRATA wrote:
import re
def wordchecker1(n):
# INPUTTING STRING
a1=raw_input(PRINT ONE ENGLISH SENTENCE FOR DICTIONARY CHECK:)
#CONVERTING TO LOWER CASE
a2=a1.lower()
#CONVERTING INTO LIST
a3=a2.split()
#DICTIONARY
a4=open(/python25/Changedict3.txt,r) a5=a4.read()
a6=a5.split()
found=[]
not_found=[]
#SEARCHING DICTIONARY
for x in a3:
a7=\n
a8=a7+x
if a8 in a5:
a9=a5.index(a8)
a10=a5[a9:]
a11=re.search(\xe0.*?\n,a10)
a12=a11.group()
a13=a12[:-1]
found.append(a13)
elif a8 not in a5:
a14=x
not_found.append(a14)
else:
print Error
found.extend(not_found)
# THE OUTPUT
print OUTPUT STRING IS
a15=(' '.join(found))
#THE OUTPUT STRING
print a15
# SPLITTING OUTPUT STRING IN WORDS
a16=a15.split()
#TAKING OUT THE WORD FROM OUTPUT STRING for word in a16:
#MATCHING WITH GIVEN STRING
a17=a2.find(word)
if a17-1:
print The word is found in the Source String
a18=a3.index(word)
a19=a3[a18]
print a19
#INSERTING IN THE LIST OF TARGET STRING
a20=a16.insert(a18,a19)
print a16
a21=( .join(a16))
print a21
a1, a2, a2, …, a20? You must be kidding. Please stop numbering names
and use *meaningful* names instead!
Could you describe them problem better, with sample inputs and expected
outputs. There must be a better way that that unreadable mess above.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Q] How to ignore the first line of the text read from a file
Benjamin Kaplan wrote: On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 12:11 AM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I am new to Python and have one simple question to which I cannot find a satisfactory solution. I want to read text line-by-line from a text file, but want to ignore only the first line. I know how to do it in Java (Java has been my primary language for the last couple of years) and following is what I have in Python, but I don't like it and want to learn the better way of doing it. file = open(fileName, 'r') lineNumber = 0 for line in file: if lineNumber == 0: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 else: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 print line Can anyone show me the better of doing this kind of task? Thanks in advance. -- Files are iterators, and iterators can only go through the object once. Just call next() before going in the for loop. Also, don't use file as a variable name. It covers up the built-in type. afile = open(file_name, 'r') afile.next() #just reads the first line and doesn't do anything with it for line in afile : print line http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list == actually: import os file = open(filename, 'r') for line in file: dummy=line for line in file: print line is cleaner and faster. If you need line numbers, pre-parse things, whatever, add where needed. Steve [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
epoch seconds from a datetime
Hi friends,
I need a little help here, I 'm stuck with epoch calculation issue.
I have this datetime:
date_new = datetime(*time.strptime('20080101T00','%Y%m%dT%H%M%S')
[0:6])
This date_new is in UTC
Now I need to know the seconds since epoch of this new date, so I run
this:
seconds = int(time.mktime(date_new.timetuple()))
but the seconds returned belongs to :
Tue, 01 Jan 2008 03:00:00 GMT
because the localtime is in timezone 'America/Santiago': -3
I fix this trying to alter the TZ with time.tzset():
os.environ['TZ'] = 'UTC'
time.tzset()
and now I can gets the right epoch, but I can't restore the
previous TimeZone, I try with:
os.environ['TZ'] = '', but the time.tzset() doesn't back to the
original ( America/Santiago)
A solution should be set the os.environ['TZ'] to 'America/Santiago'
but I can't make a TZ hardcode because
the software should works on different timezones.
So the question, how can restore the system into original timezone, or
how to know the seconds since epoch
from UTC datetime without change the local system TIMEZONE.
please help
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with list.insert
SUBHABRATA schrieb:
Some people in the room told I am kidding, but I learnt Python from
Python docs which gives examples like these,
But I write explicit comments,
an excerpt from python docs:
# Measure some strings:
... a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']
for x in a:
... print x, len(x)
...
cat 3
window 6
defenestrate 12
But well, if you are suggesting improvement I'll surely listen.
Please! Just because a tiny 3 lines example involing just *one* list
doesn't give that a long speaking name does not mean
The outputs are given in Hindi, it is a dictionary look up program,
the matching words are in Hindi, you may leave aside them.
How to debug the result string is to see the words which are in
English as the group page does not take italics so I am putting one
asterisk* after it
NO PROBLEM:
INPUT:
he has come
OUTPUT IS
उओह/ उन्होने रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना
PROBLEM:
INPUT:
(i) Lincoln* has come
OUTPUT IS:
रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना lincoln*
lincoln lincoln* रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना lincoln
lincoln lincoln* lincoln* रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना lincoln
….and increasing the number and seems a never ending process.
MY EXPEPECTED STRING IS:
lincoln रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना lincoln^
The latter places marked^ I am editing don't worry for that,
though MY FINAL EXPECTED STRING IS:
lincoln रहेसाक्ता २.यात्राकरना
Best Regards,
Subhabrata.
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
On Thu, 28 Aug 2008 09:13:00 -0700, SUBHABRATA wrote:
import re
def wordchecker1(n):
# INPUTTING STRING
a1=raw_input(PRINT ONE ENGLISH SENTENCE FOR DICTIONARY CHECK:)
#CONVERTING TO LOWER CASE
a2=a1.lower()
#CONVERTING INTO LIST
a3=a2.split()
#DICTIONARY
a4=open(/python25/Changedict3.txt,r) a5=a4.read()
a6=a5.split()
found=[]
not_found=[]
#SEARCHING DICTIONARY
for x in a3:
a7=\n
a8=a7+x
if a8 in a5:
a9=a5.index(a8)
a10=a5[a9:]
a11=re.search(\xe0.*?\n,a10)
a12=a11.group()
a13=a12[:-1]
found.append(a13)
elif a8 not in a5:
a14=x
not_found.append(a14)
else:
print Error
found.extend(not_found)
# THE OUTPUT
print OUTPUT STRING IS
a15=(' '.join(found))
#THE OUTPUT STRING
print a15
# SPLITTING OUTPUT STRING IN WORDS
a16=a15.split()
#TAKING OUT THE WORD FROM OUTPUT STRING for word in a16:
#MATCHING WITH GIVEN STRING
a17=a2.find(word)
if a17-1:
print The word is found in the Source String
a18=a3.index(word)
a19=a3[a18]
print a19
#INSERTING IN THE LIST OF TARGET STRING
a20=a16.insert(a18,a19)
print a16
a21=( .join(a16))
print a21
a1, a2, a2, …, a20? You must be kidding. Please stop numbering names
and use *meaningful* names instead!
Could you describe them problem better, with sample inputs and expected
outputs. There must be a better way that that unreadable mess above.
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with list.insert
Diez B. Roggisch schrieb: SUBHABRATA schrieb: Some people in the room told I am kidding, but I learnt Python from Python docs which gives examples like these, But I write explicit comments, an excerpt from python docs: # Measure some strings: ... a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate'] for x in a: ... print x, len(x) ... cat 3 window 6 defenestrate 12 But well, if you are suggesting improvement I'll surely listen. Please! Just because a tiny 3 lines example involing just *one* list doesn't give that a long speaking name does not mean discard my last post - I accidentially pressed submit to early. Numbering variable names surely is *not* found in any python example. Short names, as the examples are clear don't require more meaningful names occur, yes. But nowhere you will find 2-figure enumerations. Each book or tutorial about programming will teach you to use meaningful variables for your program. As far as your explanation goes: there is *nothing* to be understood from a bunch of questionmarks + sometimes lincoln spread in between is not really helping. This is most probably not your fault, as somehow the hindi get's twisted to the questionmarks - however, I suggest you provide an example where the hindi is replaced with english words (translations, or placeholders) - otherwise, you won't be understood, and can't be helped. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python svn bindings for Subversion?
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 11:22 AM, Mike B [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm trying to get Subversion 'hook scripts' working on an Ubuntu box and the following fails. from svn import fs, repos, core, delta As far as I can tell there are two Python Subversion libraries, 'pysvn' and 'svn': 'pysvn' from http://pysvn.tigris.org/ appears to be a client side interface and isn't what I need. 'svn' appears to be a SWIG wrapper and could be what I'm looking for, but I cannot find it anywhere. Can anyone point me in the right direction. Thanks Mike I think the python-subversion package is the swig wrapper. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with list.insert
Subhabrata, it's very difficult for me to understand what your short program has to do, or what you say. I think that formatting and code style are important. So I suggest you to give meaningful names to all your variable names, to remove unused variables (like n), to add blank likes here and there to separate logically separated parts of your program, or even better to split it into functions. You can remove some intermediate function, coalescing few logically related operations into a line, you can put spaces around operators like = and after a commas, you can show an usage example in English, so people can understand what the program is supposed to to, you can avoid joining and then splitting strings again, remove useless () around certain things. This is a possible re-write of the first part of your code, it's not exactly equal... def input_words(): input_message = Print one English sentence for dictionary check: return raw_input(input_message).lower().split() def load_dictionary(): return set(line.rstrip() for line in open(words.txt)) def dictionary_search(dictionary, words): found = [] not_found = [] for word in words: if word in dictionary: found.append(word) else: not_found.append(word) return found + not_found inwords = input_words() dictionary = load_dictionary() print dictionary_search(dictionary, inwords) It's far from perfect, but you can use it as starting point for a rewrite of your whole program. Bye, bearophile -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List of modules available for import inside Python?
On Aug 27, 11:04 pm, Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ssecorp wrote: Is there a way to view all the modules I have available for import from within Python? Like writing in the interpreter: import.modules there's a helper script in the 2.5 source code kit that locates all existing standard modules: http://svn.python.org/projects/python/tags/r252/Doc/tools/listmodules.py to get all modules, remove the for-loop that follows after the comment get rid of site packages. also see: http://effbot.org/zone/listmodules-cgi.htm /F I like to direct new users to pydoc's built-in HTTP server: import pydoc pydoc.gui() (then click the 'open browser' button) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: epoch seconds from a datetime
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 10:18 AM, Richard Rossel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi friends,
I need a little help here, I 'm stuck with epoch calculation issue.
I have this datetime:
date_new = datetime(*time.strptime('20080101T00','%Y%m%dT%H%M%S')
[0:6])
This date_new is in UTC
Now I need to know the seconds since epoch of this new date, so I run
this:
seconds = int(time.mktime(date_new.timetuple()))
but the seconds returned belongs to :
Tue, 01 Jan 2008 03:00:00 GMT
because the localtime is in timezone 'America/Santiago': -3
I fix this trying to alter the TZ with time.tzset():
os.environ['TZ'] = 'UTC'
time.tzset()
and now I can gets the right epoch, but I can't restore the
previous TimeZone, I try with:
os.environ['TZ'] = '', but the time.tzset() doesn't back to the
original ( America/Santiago)
I think you need to del os.environ['TZ'] rather than setting it to the
empty string.
On my box:
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Feb 4 2008, 21:48:13)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin
import os, time
time.asctime()
'Thu Aug 28 11:19:57 2008'
#that's my correct local time
time.tzname
('PST', 'PDT')
#that's my correct timezone
os.environ['TZ'] = 'UTC'
time.tzset()
time.tzname
('UTC', 'UTC')
time.asctime()
'Thu Aug 28 18:20:33 2008'
#we're clearly in UTC now
del os.environ['TZ'] #this is the key line
time.tzset()
time.tzname
('PST', 'PDT')
time.asctime()
'Thu Aug 28 11:21:05 2008'
#and now we're back to my original timezone
Regards,
Chris
Follow the path of the Iguana...
Rebertia: http://rebertia.com
Blog: http://blog.rebertia.com
A solution should be set the os.environ['TZ'] to 'America/Santiago'
but I can't make a TZ hardcode because
the software should works on different timezones.
So the question, how can restore the system into original timezone, or
how to know the seconds since epoch
from UTC datetime without change the local system TIMEZONE.
please help
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: no string.downer() ?
Never ascribe to humour that which can be adequately explained by increadible stupidity! I love the irony. Don't feel bad. I recently corrected someone's 'grammer' with a similar tone. ** Posted from http://www.teranews.com ** -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Identifying the start of good data in a list
On Aug 27, 3:42 pm, George Sakkis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Below are two more versions that pass all the doctests: the first works only for lists and modifies them in place and the second works for arbitrary iterables: def clean_inplace(seq, good_ones=4): start = 0 n = len(seq) while start n: try: end = seq.index(0, start) except ValueError: end = n if end-start = good_ones: break start = end+1 del seq[:start] def clean_iter(iterable, good_ones=4): from itertools import chain, islice, takewhile, dropwhile iterator = iter(iterable) is_zero = float(0).__eq__ while True: # consume all zeros up to the next non-zero iterator = dropwhile(is_zero, iterator) # take up to `good_ones` non-zeros good = list(islice(takewhile(bool,iterator), good_ones)) if not good: # iterator exhausted return iterator if len(good) == good_ones: # found `good_ones` consecutive non-zeros; # chain them to the rest items and return them return chain(good, iterator) HTH, George You gave me an idea-- maybe an arbitrary 'lookahead' iterable could be useful. I haven't seen them that much on the newsgroup, but more than once. IOW a buffered consumer. Something that you could check a fixed number of next elements of. You might implement it as a iterator with a __getitem__ method. Example, unproduced: import itertools a= itertools.count( ) a.next() 0 a.next() 1 a[ 3 ] 5 a.next() 2 a[ 3 ] 6 Does this make sense at all? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: epoch seconds from a datetime
On 28 ago, 14:25, Chris Rebert [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 10:18 AM, Richard Rossel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi friends,
I need a little help here, I 'm stuck with epoch calculation issue.
I have this datetime:
date_new = datetime(*time.strptime('20080101T00','%Y%m%dT%H%M%S')
[0:6])
This date_new is in UTC
Now I need to know the seconds since epoch of this new date, so I run
this:
seconds = int(time.mktime(date_new.timetuple()))
but the seconds returned belongs to :
Tue, 01 Jan 2008 03:00:00 GMT
because the localtime is in timezone 'America/Santiago': -3
I fix this trying to alter the TZ with time.tzset():
os.environ['TZ'] = 'UTC'
time.tzset()
and now I can gets the right epoch, but I can't restore the
previous TimeZone, I try with:
os.environ['TZ'] = '', but the time.tzset() doesn't back to the
original ( America/Santiago)
I think you need to del os.environ['TZ'] rather than setting it to the
empty string.
On my box:
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Feb 4 2008, 21:48:13)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin import os, time
time.asctime()
'Thu Aug 28 11:19:57 2008' #that's my correct local time
time.tzname
('PST', 'PDT')
#that's my correct timezone
os.environ['TZ'] = 'UTC'
time.tzset()
time.tzname
('UTC', 'UTC')
time.asctime()
'Thu Aug 28 18:20:33 2008' #we're clearly in UTC now
del os.environ['TZ'] #this is the key line
time.tzset()
time.tzname
('PST', 'PDT')
time.asctime()
'Thu Aug 28 11:21:05 2008'
#and now we're back to my original timezone
Thanks Chris, and also I found that with reload(time) works too
--
Richard Rossel
Ing. Civil Informatico
Valparaiso, Chile
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: no string.downer() ?
Tobiah wrote: Never ascribe to humour that which can be adequately explained by increadible stupidity! I love the irony. Muphry's law. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python multimap
Carl Banks wrote: Out of curiosity, what does a true multimap solve that a dictionary of lists not solve? Nothing really. I went with a variation of the suggested work around... it's just that with Python I don't normally have to use work arounds and normally one obvious approach is correct: -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Multiple values for one key
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 10:02 AM, Ron Brennan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I have another question.
How would like to be able to add the contents on the values for one key.
key['20001']:[978, 345]
I'm assuming that by this you meant:
assert the_dict['20001'] == [978, 345]
How can I do this?
sum(the_dict['20001']) #= 1323
Regards,
Chris
Follow the path of the Iguana...
Rebertia: http://rebertia.com
Blog: http://blog.rebertia.com
Thanks,
Ron
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 11:56 AM, Bruno Desthuilliers
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
norseman a écrit :
Terry Reedy wrote:
Ron Brennan wrote:
Hello,
How would I create a dictionary that contains multiple values for one
key.
Make the value a collection object (set or list if you plan to add and
delete).
I'd also like the key to be able to have duplicate entries.
Dict keys must be hashable and unique.
tjr
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
First part I understand, second is still giving me a problem.
For some reason I still want keys to be dbf column headers.
like:
name:address:zip so forth
--- --- --
guy: unknown:0
girl: 123 tiny street:12345
boy:321 here:3
gal:999 over there: 5
so forth
Thus one key has many values. And you can then index on whatever key(s)
you wish - name,zip...
You can either use 1/ a list of dicts, or 2/ a dict mapping keys to lists.
1/
records = [
{name:guy, address:unknown,zip:0},
{name:girl, address:123 tiny street,zip:12345},
{name:boy, address:321 here,zip:3},
{name:gal, address:999 over there,zip:5},
]
keys = (name, address, zip)
print :.join(keys)
print - * len(:.join(keys))
for record in records:
data = [record[key] for key in keys]
print :.join(data)
2/
records = dict(
name=[guy, girl, boy, gal],
address=[unknown,123 tiny street,321 there,999 over there],
zip=[0, 12345, 3, 5]
)
keys = (name, address, zip)
nb_records = len(records[keys[0]])
print :.join(keys)
print - * len(:.join(keys))
for i in xrange(nb_records):
data = [data[key][i] for key in keys]
print :.join(data)
You are of course entitled the right to prefer the second solution, but
then I hope I'll never have to maintain your code, since it's obviously not
an appropriate data structure.
With billions plus records,
With billions plus records, it may be time to move to a serious RDBMS.
Which btw will provide solution 1, or a lighter version of it using a list
of tuples, ie:
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(select name, address, zip from peoples)
records = cursor.fetchall()
# at this time, you have :
#records = [
# (guy, unknown,0,),
# (girl, 123 tiny street,12345,),
# (boy, 321 here,3,),
# (gal, 999 over there, 5,),
#]
(snip)
OK - I know I missed the whole concept of a Python Dictionary.
Bad thing for you, since it's the central datastructure in Python.
I haven't read anything as yet that gives a clear picture of what it is
and what it is for.
Then you failed to read the FineManual's tutorial, which is where you
should have started:
http://docs.python.org/tut/node7.html#SECTION00750
Do yourself a favour : read the above first, then if you still have
questions about dicts, we'll gladly try to help.
And do yourself another favour : learn about SQL, relational model and
RDBMS.
(snip description of why the OP *really* wants a RDBMS)
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
FYI, my email address is changing. My rogers account will be deactivated
shortly. From now on please use:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: struct.Struct random access
On Aug 28, 1:59 am, Tim Roberts [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: castironpi [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'd like to seriously nominate this idea and get a considered opinion on it. struct.Struct lets you encode Python objects into structured memory. It accepts a format string, and optionally a buffer and offset to/from which to read/write the structure. What do you think of random access to the results? To avoid Marc's concern about meaningless anonymous record entries, model the constructor after 'namedtuple' type. (unproduced) packer= struct.Struct( 'IIIf255p', 'i1 i2 i3 afloat name' ) packer.pack_into( buf, off, 10, 20, 30, 0.5, 'abc' ) packer.unpack_from( buf, off, 'i3' ) 30 packer.unpack_from( buf, off ) ( 10, 20, 30, 0.5, 'abc' ) packer.pack_into( buf, off, 'i1', 12 ) What data type would you expect buf to be? Your design requires it to be both an input and an output parameter. Today's struct converts into and out of a string, and strings are immutable. So, to continue with that standard, you would have to pass a string into pack_into and have the modified result returned as an output: buf = packer.pack_into( None, 0, 10, 20, 30, 0.5, 'abc' ) buf = packer.pack_into( buf, 0, 'i1', 12 ) In the end, I'm not sure you are really saving anything. Even in sequential access speed benefits, by avoiding the construction of n-1 objects. This is a fairly major change, because it requires a struct.Struct object to maintain state, something that the struct module currently does not do. In my personal opinion, this is a rather large and confusing change, for very little benefit. -- Tim Roberts, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Providenza Boekelheide, Inc. CMIIW correct me if I'm wrong, I don't think that pack_into returns a value the way that pack does. The syntax is ambiguous in the case of two-element structs: are you packing a new struct or assigning a field? Maybe the field name needs a keyword. A field name can be a third argument in unpack_from regardless, however. Or use the field name as keyword: strt.pack_into( buf, off, i1= 32 ). I just tried an experiment with an Mmap and PyObject_AsWriteBuffer. Mmaps could work but you would not be able to use arbitrary strings. You would have to specially allocate a ctypes buffer with a size to match the packed size of the structure. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pythoncom and pywintypes
A Reinstall seems to have done nothing... On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 4:49 AM, Gabriel Genellina [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote: En Wed, 27 Aug 2008 21:17:22 -0300, Vistro [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribi�: Hey, there. I've been coding in python for about three weeks now. I have made basic games, tools to check forum PMs for me, and other general utilities with python, but I'm now encountering problems. http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-511211.html I want to do that, and I have installed both sets needed from source forge, but I always get this issue when I run the code, and there isn't a single listing on the internet that addresses this. Traceback (most recent call last): File C:/Documents and Settings/Guest Editor/Desktop/key.py, line 3, in module import pythoncom File C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\pythoncom.py, line 2, in module import pywintypes ImportError: No module named pywintypes I've installed pythoncom right from the box. I don't know whats wrong, but I'm sure it has something to do with my stupidity. Reinstalling the pywin32 package should fix that, I presume. BUT, here is the strangest part. # Magic utility that redirects to pythoncomxx.dll import pywintypes pywintypes.__import_pywin32_system_module__(pythoncom, globals()) That is ALL that pythoncom.py seems to be. ALL that. I think that it's trying to import something, THEN tell the interpreter where it is. That seems kinda stupid. In fact that __import_whatever function does a rather complex task, it must ensure that the *right* pywintypes25.dll (or pythoncom25.dll) is loaded, even when it's implicitely loaded. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem with list.insert
On Aug 28, 11:13 am, SUBHABRATA [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Dear Group,
I wrote one program,
There is a dictionary.
There is an input string.
Every word of input string the word is matched against the dictionary
If the word of input string is matched against the dictionary it gives
the word of the dictionary.
But if it does not find it gives the original word.
After searching the words are joined back.
But as I am joining I am finding the words which are not available in
dictionary are printed in the last even if the word is given in the
first/middle.
Now, I want to take them in order.
I am applying a thumb rule that the position of the word of the string
is exact with the resultant string.
So, I am determining the word which is not in the dictionary, and its
position in the input string.
Now I am inserting it in the target string, for this I am splitting
both the given string and the output/result string.
Till now it is working fine.
But a problem happening is that if I insert it it is inserting same
words multiple times and the program seems to be an unending process.
What is the error happening?
If any one can suggest.
The code is given below:
Warning, -spoiler-.
Instead split up your inputs first thing.
trans= { 'a': 'A', 'at': 'AT', 'to': 'TO' }
sample= 'a boy at the park walked to the tree'
expected= 'A boy AT the park walked TO the tree'
sample_list= sample.split( )
for i, x in enumerate( sample_list ):
if x in trans:
sample_list[ i ]= trans[ x ]
result= ' '.join( sample_list )
print result
assert result== expected
Then replace them as you visit each one, and join them later.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Sending e-mail
I work at a training center and I would like to use Python to generate a number of certificates and then e-mail them. The certificates are a problem for another day - right now I just want to figure out how to send an e-mail. I confess I don't know much about the protocol(s) for e-mail. In PHP using CodeIgniter, the same task was amazingly easy. I think this is a bit harder because I'm not executing code on a remote machine that has its own SMTP server. According to (http://www.devshed.com/c/a/Python/ Python-Email-Libraries-SMTP-and-Email-Parsing/), I need to use the SMTP object found in the smtplib module to initiate a connection to a server before I can send. I want to use Gmail, but on the following input it stalls and then raises smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: server = SMTP(smtp.gmail.com) I also pinged smtp.gmail.com and tried it with the dotted quad IP as a string. Am I on the right track? Is this a problem with gmail, or have I gotten an assumption wrong? Here's a thought: Could I use SMTPServer (http://docs.python.org/lib/ node620.html) to obviate the need to have anything to do with Gmail? What would be the limitations on that? Could I successfully do this and wrap the whole thing up in a black box? What modules would I need? Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sending e-mail
On Aug 28, 12:52 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I work at a training center and I would like to use Python to generate a number of certificates and then e-mail them. The certificates are a problem for another day - right now I just want to figure out how to send an e-mail. I confess I don't know much about the protocol(s) for e-mail. In PHP using CodeIgniter, the same task was amazingly easy. I think this is a bit harder because I'm not executing code on a remote machine that has its own SMTP server. According to (http://www.devshed.com/c/a/Python/ Python-Email-Libraries-SMTP-and-Email-Parsing/), I need to use the SMTP object found in the smtplib module to initiate a connection to a server before I can send. I want to use Gmail, but on the following input it stalls and then raises smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: server = SMTP(smtp.gmail.com) I also pinged smtp.gmail.com and tried it with the dotted quad IP as a string. Am I on the right track? Is this a problem with gmail, or have I gotten an assumption wrong? Here's a thought: Could I use SMTPServer (http://docs.python.org/lib/ node620.html) to obviate the need to have anything to do with Gmail? What would be the limitations on that? Could I successfully do this and wrap the whole thing up in a black box? What modules would I need? Thanks. Gmail SMTP server needs authentication. I little googling found this example. I did not test it if it works but it could be starting point. http://codecomments.wordpress.com/2008/01/04/python-gmail-smtp-example/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sending e-mail
I used that code before, and it did not do what it needed to do. If you are just sending text, this usually works for me. def sendMail(): ## Parameters for SMTP session port=587 SMTPserver= 'smtp.gmail.com' SMTPuser= 'gmail username, which is your gmail address' pw= 'your gmail password' SENDER= SMTPuser ## Message details FROM= SENDER TO= 'whoever you want to send it to' CC=FROM ##RECEIVERS= (TO, CC) ##proper way to send to both TO and CC RECEIVERS= (TO,) ## ignore the CC address subject= 'subject here' message= 'message here' print 'Please wait...' (SMTPserver,SMTPuser) session = smtplib.SMTP(SMTPserver,port) session.set_debuglevel(0) # set debug level to 1 to see details session.ehlo(SMTPuser) # say hello session.starttls() # TLS needed session.ehlo(SMTPuser) # say hello again, not sure why session.login(SMTPuser, pw) ##Create HEADER + MESSAGE HEADER= 'From: %s\r\n' % FROM HEADER= HEADER + 'To: %s\r\n' % TO HEADER= HEADER + 'Cc: %s\r\n' % CC HEADER= HEADER + 'Subject: %s\r\n' % subject BODY= HEADER + '\r\n' + message SMTPresult = session.sendmail(SENDER, RECEIVERS, BODY) ## send email session.close() On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 1:52 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I work at a training center and I would like to use Python to generate a number of certificates and then e-mail them. The certificates are a problem for another day - right now I just want to figure out how to send an e-mail. I confess I don't know much about the protocol(s) for e-mail. In PHP using CodeIgniter, the same task was amazingly easy. I think this is a bit harder because I'm not executing code on a remote machine that has its own SMTP server. According to (http://www.devshed.com/c/a/Python/ Python-Email-Libraries-SMTP-and-Email-Parsing/http://www.devshed.com/c/a/Python/Python-Email-Libraries-SMTP-and-Email-Parsing/), I need to use the SMTP object found in the smtplib module to initiate a connection to a server before I can send. I want to use Gmail, but on the following input it stalls and then raises smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: server = SMTP(smtp.gmail.com) I also pinged smtp.gmail.com and tried it with the dotted quad IP as a string. Am I on the right track? Is this a problem with gmail, or have I gotten an assumption wrong? Here's a thought: Could I use SMTPServer (http://docs.python.org/lib/ node620.html http://docs.python.org/lib/node620.html) to obviate the need to have anything to do with Gmail? What would be the limitations on that? Could I successfully do this and wrap the whole thing up in a black box? What modules would I need? Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ImageTk.Photoimage not displayed
hi i am trying to display an image on a canvas in a gui made with Tkinter widgets class PhotoDisplay: def __init__(self,parent): self.mainframe = Frame(parent,background=grey) . #added a subframe to hold canvas and button self.canvFrame=Frame(self.mainframe,...) self.mycanvas=Canvas(self.canvFrame,...) ... def okbuttonClick(self): self.mycanvas.delete(ALL) myimagename=...#get an imagefilename from somewhere.. self.showSelectedImage(myimagename) def showSelectedImage(self,imageName): myimg=ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=imageName) imgtag=self.mycanvas.create_image(70,100,image=myimg) self.mycanvas.update_idletasks() when i click the button ,the image is displayed for a fraction of a second on the canvas and disappears.I couldn't figure out why this is happening.I am quite new to Tkinter and still going thru Fredrik Lundh's intro to tkinter..can someone tell me if i am doing sthing wrong here? thanks in advance harry -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
file data to list
Hi!! I am facing problem for extracting file data to the list so as to have graph plotted through list. my file(eg: data.txt) is having data like this, cnt0001a 29000 xretya 01 cnt0002a 29850 brishal 02 cnt0003a 31250 kristal 03 from here, I need to copy data 29000, 29850, 31250 into a single list and 01, 02, 03 to another so as to plot graph using these value. regard's NepaliWorld -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Wholesale Air Jordan Six Rings (6 IX Rings) sneakers (www.sneakers-in-china.com)
(ww w.sneakers-in-china.com)air max 87 89 90 95 ltd timberland jeans ugg boots lacoste sandals hoodies,t-shirts,mauri shoes,dsquared,hogan shoes,dunks,red monkey,polo t-shirts, evisu jeans, bbc jeans,dior,lv,dg,versace,coach puma shoes,nfl jerseys shox r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 tn tl1 tl3, sandals, nhl jerseys,mlb jerseys, nba jerseys probowl jerseys,prada shoes,kobe james, hockey jerseys,nfl jerseys,football jerseys,baseball jerseys (www.sneakers- in- china.com) jordan shoes,jordan fusion air force ones 25 years basketball jerseys Men's women's shocks OZ NZ TL shoes Discount Coach Sandals, Dior Sandals, Prada Sandals, Chanel Sandals, Versace Sandals,Crocs Sandals, Women's Sandals Men's Slippers From China jordan shoes,jordan fusion air force ones (www.sneakers-in-china.com) Affliction T-shirts lacoste T-shirts Polo T-shirts Brand ShirtsGGG T- shirts Designer T-Shirts Helen Coat burberry coat Jacket Juicy Couture bbc hoodies bape hoodies Designer Hoodies NFL NHL NBA MLB Jersey Lacoste Trainers,Prada Sneakers (www.sneakers-in- china.com) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ImageTk.Photoimage not displayed
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 4:07 PM, harryos [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hi i am trying to display an image on a canvas in a gui made with Tkinter widgets class PhotoDisplay: def __init__(self,parent): self.mainframe = Frame(parent,background=grey) . #added a subframe to hold canvas and button self.canvFrame=Frame(self.mainframe,...) self.mycanvas=Canvas(self.canvFrame,...) ... def okbuttonClick(self): self.mycanvas.delete(ALL) myimagename=...#get an imagefilename from somewhere.. self.showSelectedImage(myimagename) def showSelectedImage(self,imageName): myimg=ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=imageName) imgtag=self.mycanvas.create_image(70,100,image=myimg) self.mycanvas.update_idletasks() when i click the button ,the image is displayed for a fraction of a second on the canvas and disappears.I couldn't figure out why this is happening.I am quite new to Tkinter and still going thru Fredrik Lundh's intro to tkinter..can someone tell me if i am doing sthing wrong here? You have to keep a reference to these images you are creating, otherwise as soon as those methods finishes they are gone. thanks in advance harry -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- -- Guilherme H. Polo Goncalves -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file data to list
Anish Chapagain:
cnt0001a 29000 xretya 01
cnt0002a 29850 brishal 02
cnt0003a 31250 kristal 03
from here, I need to copy data 29000, 29850, 31250 into a single list
and
01, 02, 03 to another so as to plot graph using these value.
This may offer you a starting point:
line = cnt0003a 31250 kristal 03
parts = line.split()
parts
['cnt0003a', '31250', 'kristal', '03']
parts[1], parts[3]
('31250', '03')
map(int, [parts[1], parts[3]])
[31250, 3]
Bye,
bearophile
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
re.compile versus r''
Hello, I'm using a tool (PLY) which apparently expects the tokens to
be created using r''
But because one token is a rather complex regular expression, I want
to create the regular expression programmatically.
How can I generate a string and then create something of the same type
that the r'' function does?
Concretely, in the program below, consonant is not the same type as
t_NAME, but I assume that it needs to be for PLY to use it for
tokenizing:
import re
t_NAME = r'[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*'
guttural = 'kh?|gh?|\n'
palatal= '(?:chh?|jh?|\~n)'
cerebral = '\.(?:th?|dh?|n)'
dental = '(?:th?|dh?|n)'
semivowel = '[yrlv]'
sibilant = '[\\.]?s'
aspirant = 'h'
consonant = re.compile('|'.join([guttural , palatal , cerebral ,
dental , semivowel , sibilant , aspirant]))
print consonant
print t_NAME
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sending e-mail
Peter here is an example. I just tried it and it works fine. from smtplib import SMTP HOST = smtp.gmail.com PORT = 587 ACCOUNT = # put your gmail email account name here PASSWORD = # put your gmail email account password here def send_email(to_addrs, subject, msg): server = SMTP(HOST,PORT) server.set_debuglevel(1)# you don't need this server.ehlo() server.starttls() server.ehlo() server.login(ACCOUNT, PASSWORD) server.sendmail(ACCOUNT, to_addrs, From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\nSubject: %s\r\n\r\n%s\r\n.\r\n % ( ACCOUNT, ,.join(to_addrs), subject, msg ) ) server.quit() if __name__ == __main__: send_email( ['[EMAIL PROTECTED]'], 'this is just a test', hello world! ) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[MacOS X] plat-mac/errors.rsrc.df.rsrc not installed/created
Hi, I am on MacOS 10.4.11, and have a minor recurring problem, when using my own Python installation. I only stumbled over it when using http operations with the Mercurial SCM, and my /tmp/ folder was clobbered with *.rsrc temporary files. Some references: http://www.selenic.com/pipermail/mercurial/2007-October/015039.html and, as I forgot about it :( : http://www.selenic.com/pipermail/mercurial/2008-August/021072.html Apparently for some stuff plat-mac/macresource.py needs to create plat-mac/errors.rsrc.df.rsrc. If that fails, at least that is how I read macresource.py, it creates them via mkstemp in /tmp/. Once I recognize the problem I can work around it by either $ sudo mv /tmp/tmpwhatever.rsrc /usr/local/lib/python2.5/plat-mac/errors.rsrc.df.rsrc or by temporarily chown myname plat-mac, and, once the file is created, chown root plat-mac again. My 2.5.2 install is under /usr/local, but other Mac users with the same setup, do not have the problem. I don't need/want the Apple Framework install, and again, others do not have the problem with this setup. Anyone any ideas? The best I could google was http://bugs.python.org/issue763708 but this seems encoding related. TIA c -- Was heißt hier Dogma, ich bin Underdogma! [ What the hell do you mean dogma, I am underdogma. ] _F R E E_ _V I D E O S_ -- http://www.blacktrash.org/underdogma/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file data to list
On Thu, 28 Aug 2008 12:11:39 -0700, Anish Chapagain wrote: I am facing problem for extracting file data to the list so as to have graph plotted through list. my file(eg: data.txt) is having data like this, cnt0001a 29000 xretya 01 cnt0002a 29850 brishal 02 cnt0003a 31250 kristal 03 from here, I need to copy data 29000, 29850, 31250 into a single list and 01, 02, 03 to another so as to plot graph using these value. Then work through the tutorial in the documentation, pay attention to strings, lists, files, and their methods. The try to implement it and come back with some source code and specific questions. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: re.compile versus r''
Oh my god, how embarrassing. the r'' notation is to create raw string http://www.swc.scipy.org/lec/glossary.html#gdef-raw_string I thought it was some form of blessing a string into a regular expression class. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python multimap
On Aug 28, 2:41 pm, brad [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Carl Banks wrote: Out of curiosity, what does a true multimap solve that a dictionary of lists not solve? Nothing really. I went with a variation of the suggested work around... it's just that with Python I don't normally have to use work arounds and normally one obvious approach is correct: Might I suggest that the C++ multimap is the workaround, rather than the Python way of using dicts or lists or dicts of sets? It was too much programming overhead and line noise confusion to define nested templates to hold your nested data structures in C++, so the STL provided a container that eliminated the nesting. In Python, the obvious nested way to do it is easy, especially now with defaultdicts, so there was no reason to provide a multimap. Carl Banks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: re.compile versus r''
Terrence Brannon wrote: Hello, I'm using a tool (PLY) which apparently expects the tokens to be created using r'' But because one token is a rather complex regular expression, I want to create the regular expression programmatically. How can I generate a string and then create something of the same type that the r'' function does? r'' is an alternative syntax for string literals that affects how escape sequences are interpreted; there's no separate string type for strings created by this syntax. /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: re.compile versus r''
On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 12:23 PM, Terrence Brannon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hello, I'm using a tool (PLY) which apparently expects the tokens to
be created using r''
But because one token is a rather complex regular expression, I want
to create the regular expression programmatically.
How can I generate a string and then create something of the same type
that the r'' function does?
The r prefix isn't a function or a type, it's merely a special
literal syntax for strings that's handy when you're writing regexes
and therefore have to deal with another level of backslash escaping.
See the second to last paragraph of
http://docs.python.org/ref/strings.html for more info.
Regards,
Chris
Concretely, in the program below, consonant is not the same type as
t_NAME, but I assume that it needs to be for PLY to use it for
tokenizing:
import re
t_NAME = r'[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*'
guttural = 'kh?|gh?|\n'
palatal= '(?:chh?|jh?|\~n)'
cerebral = '\.(?:th?|dh?|n)'
dental = '(?:th?|dh?|n)'
semivowel = '[yrlv]'
sibilant = '[\\.]?s'
aspirant = 'h'
consonant = re.compile('|'.join([guttural , palatal , cerebral ,
dental , semivowel , sibilant , aspirant]))
print consonant
print t_NAME
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Q] How to ignore the first line of the text read from a file
On Thu, 28 Aug 2008 10:16:45 -0700, norseman wrote: Benjamin Kaplan wrote: On Thu, Aug 28, 2008 at 12:11 AM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I am new to Python and have one simple question to which I cannot find a satisfactory solution. I want to read text line-by-line from a text file, but want to ignore only the first line. I know how to do it in Java (Java has been my primary language for the last couple of years) and following is what I have in Python, but I don't like it and want to learn the better way of doing it. file = open(fileName, 'r') lineNumber = 0 for line in file: if lineNumber == 0: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 else: lineNumber = lineNumber + 1 print line Can anyone show me the better of doing this kind of task? Thanks in advance. -- Files are iterators, and iterators can only go through the object once. Just call next() before going in the for loop. Also, don't use file as a variable name. It covers up the built-in type. afile = open(file_name, 'r') afile.next() #just reads the first line and doesn't do anything with it for line in afile : print line http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list == actually: import os file = open(filename, 'r') for line in file: dummy=line for line in file: print line is cleaner and faster. That's not cleaner, that's a 'WTF?'! A ``for`` line over `file` that does *not* iterate over the file but is just there to skip the first line and a completely useless `dummy` name. That's seriously ugly and confusing. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file data to list
Anish Chapagain wrote:
Hi!!
I am facing problem for extracting file data to the list so as to have
graph plotted through list.
my file(eg: data.txt) is having data like this,
cnt0001a 29000 xretya 01
cnt0002a 29850 brishal 02
cnt0003a 31250 kristal 03
from here, I need to copy data 29000, 29850, 31250 into a single list
and
01, 02, 03 to another so as to plot graph using these value.
data = zip(*[xx.split() for xx in open('data.txt').read().split(\n)])
...assuming newline separators...
...and only 'cuz I like this about zip...
Emile
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: List of modules available for import inside Python?
Am Thu, 28 Aug 2008 11:23:01 -0700 schrieb Jason Scheirer: I like to direct new users to pydoc's built-in HTTP server: import pydoc pydoc.gui() (then click the 'open browser' button) Now, this is cool ! Thanks a lot! Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: filter in for loop
GHZ [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I would like to say something like: for filename in os.listdir(DIR) if filename[-4:] == '.xml': do something instead of having to say: for filename in os.listdir(DIR): if filename[-4:] == '.xml': do something If the reason you don't like this one is the extra indentation, one possibility is for filename in os.listdir(DIR): if filename[-4:] != '.xml': continue do something -M- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
