ANN: Lea 1.1 (discrete probability distributions)
I have the pleasure to announce the release of Lea 1.1. Lea is a Python package aiming at working with discrete probability distributions in an intuitive way. It allows modelling a broad range of random discrete phenomenons. Then, it allows calculating probabilities of events, whether atomic, aggregated or combined through given operations. A typical example is the probabilities of the sum of N dice having known, possibly unfair, probability distributions. Features Here are the main features of Lea: - models finite discrete probability distributions - standard distribution indicators (mean, standard deviation,.) - arithmetic and logical operators on probability distribution - cartesian products, conditional probabilities, joint distributions - generation of random samples - open-source project, LGPL license - pure Python module, lightweight - no package dependency - probabilities stored as integers (no floating-point biases) Links - Download (PyPi):http://pypi.python.org/pypi/lea Project page: http://code.google.com/p/lea/ (with wiki documentation including tutorials, examples and API) Hoping this could be helpful in this uncertain universe... Pierre Denis -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations/
Re: Convert namedtuple to dictionary
trip...@gmail.com wrote:
Need suggestions.
Say, I have a namedtuple like this:
{'a': brucelee(x=123, y=321), 'b': brucelee('x'=123, 'y'=321)
I need to convert it to:
{'a': {'x':123, 'y': 321},'b': {'x':123, 'y': 321}}
Follow-up question --
Which would be easier to work with if I had to later extract/manipulate
the 'x', 'y' values? The format (dicts) above or a list of values like
this:
{'a': ['x':123, 'y': 321],'b': ['x':123, 'y': 321]}
One more:
from collections import namedtuple
brucelee = namedtuple(brucelee, x y)
def to_dict(n):
... return dict(zip(n._fields, n))
...
data = {'a': brucelee(x=123, y=321), 'b': brucelee(x=123, y=321)}
{k: to_dict(v) for k, v in data.items()}
{'a': {'y': 321, 'x': 123}, 'b': {'y': 321, 'x': 123}}
--
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Re: python IDE and function definition
Chris Friesen cbf...@mail.usask.ca writes: I'm running into issues where my current IDE (I'm playing with Komodo) can't seem to locate the definition, I suspect because it's too ambiguous. The feature you're looking for – to start from the statement where a function is called, then jump to the statement where that function is defined – is implemented via “tags” across many languages and tools. One very popular implementation is “Exuberant Ctags”. You can choose from the tools URL:http://ctags.sourceforge.net/tools.html that support that system, and continue using the same system when you switch to a different language or a different tool. So rather than give up, I'd like to have my IDE suggest all possible answers. Good luck to you in learning a development environment that is *not* tied to the particular programming language you're writing. -- \ “… a Microsoft Certified System Engineer is to information | `\ technology as a McDonalds Certified Food Specialist is to the | _o__) culinary arts.” —Michael Bacarella | Ben Finney -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Hello, How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out KeyErrors when a key is missing? city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or Άγνωστη Πόλη host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] )[0] or socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )[0] or Άγνωστη Προέλευση I was under the impression that the 'or' operator was handling this in case one operand was failing but its not the case here. I believe in a KeyError is missing the expression cannot even be evaluates as Truthy or Falsy. Then i thought of os.environ.get() to default to something but then again we have 3 operand in the expression. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Νίκος writes:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
...
I was under the impression that the 'or' operator was handling this
in case one operand was failing but its not the case here.
f(x) or g(x) raises an exception if f(x) raises an exception, or
if f(x) returns a false value and g(x) raises an exception.
Then i thought of os.environ.get() to default to something but then
again we have 3 operand in the expression.
Adapt this:
{}.get('foo') or {'empty':''}.get('empty') or 'catchall'
'catchall'
Or nest the calls this way if an empty string is a valid value:
{}.get('foo', {'empty':''}.get('empty', 'catchall'))
''
This will compute the default values even when they are not used.
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 10:48 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen έγραψε:
Νίκος writes:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
...
I was under the impression that the 'or' operator was handling this
in case one operand was failing but its not the case here.
f(x) or g(x) raises an exception if f(x) raises an exception, or
if f(x) returns a false value and g(x) raises an exception.
Then i thought of os.environ.get() to default to something but then
again we have 3 operand in the expression.
Adapt this:
{}.get('foo') or {'empty':''}.get('empty') or 'catchall'
'catchall'
Or nest the calls this way if an empty string is a valid value:
{}.get('foo', {'empty':''}.get('empty', 'catchall'))
''
This will compute the default values even when they are not used.
I'am sorry but i do not understand the last statements at all so i can
have chnace to adapt them.
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Νίκος writes:
Σ�ις 26/9/2013 10:48 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen
έγ�α�ε: ί�ος writes:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
...
I was under the impression that the 'or' operator was handling this
in case one operand was failing but its not the case here.
f(x) or g(x) raises an exception if f(x) raises an exception, or
if f(x) returns a false value and g(x) raises an exception.
Then i thought of os.environ.get() to default to something but then
again we have 3 operand in the expression.
Adapt this:
{}.get('foo') or {'empty':''}.get('empty') or 'catchall'
'catchall'
Or nest the calls this way if an empty string is a valid value:
{}.get('foo', {'empty':''}.get('empty', 'catchall'))
''
This will compute the default values even when they are not used.
I'am sorry but i do not understand the last statements at all so i
can have chnace to adapt them.
Do you know what {} is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo') is?
Do you know what x.get('foo') is if x is {}?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('empty') is?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('fruit') is?
Do you know what (None or '' or 'catchall') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', 'bar') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', {}.get('bar', 'huh')) is?
Do you know what ('foo'[3] or 'else') does?
Do you know what ('foo' or 'else'[5]) does?
Do you know how to launch an interactive Python session where you can
play with such expressions until you get the hang of it? There is no
substitute for that experience.
Do you know that you can ask for help({}.get) or help(dict.get) or
even help(os.environ.get) during such an interactive Python session,
and Python (unlike Macbeth's spirits from the vasty deep) will answer?
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 11:12 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen έγραψε:
Νίκος writes:
Σ�ις 26/9/2013 10:48 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen
έγ�α�ε: ί�ος writes:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
...
I was under the impression that the 'or' operator was handling this
in case one operand was failing but its not the case here.
f(x) or g(x) raises an exception if f(x) raises an exception, or
if f(x) returns a false value and g(x) raises an exception.
Then i thought of os.environ.get() to default to something but then
again we have 3 operand in the expression.
Adapt this:
{}.get('foo') or {'empty':''}.get('empty') or 'catchall'
'catchall'
Or nest the calls this way if an empty string is a valid value:
{}.get('foo', {'empty':''}.get('empty', 'catchall'))
''
This will compute the default values even when they are not used.
I'am sorry but i do not understand the last statements at all so i
can have chnace to adapt them.
Do you know what {} is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo') is?
Do you know what x.get('foo') is if x is {}?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('empty') is?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('fruit') is?
Do you know what (None or '' or 'catchall') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', 'bar') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', {}.get('bar', 'huh')) is?
Do you know what ('foo'[3] or 'else') does?
Do you know what ('foo' or 'else'[5]) does?
Do you know how to launch an interactive Python session where you can
play with such expressions until you get the hang of it? There is no
substitute for that experience.
Do you know that you can ask for help({}.get) or help(dict.get) or
even help(os.environ.get) during such an interactive Python session,
and Python (unlike Macbeth's spirits from the vasty deep) will answer?
You dont have to be ironic. I dont have the experience you do.
Up until now i have this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
can this be written as:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
It makes it more easily for me to understand this way.
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On Thu, Sep 26, 2013 at 6:12 PM, Jussi Piitulainen
jpiit...@ling.helsinki.fi wrote:
Do you know that you can ask for help({}.get) or help(dict.get) or
even help(os.environ.get) during such an interactive Python session,
and Python (unlike Macbeth's spirits from the vasty deep) will answer?
Speak, Python, speak!
We're all attention.
The news we seek
This moment mention!
ChrisA
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On 26/09/2013 09:41, Chris Angelico wrote:
On Thu, Sep 26, 2013 at 6:12 PM, Jussi Piitulainen
jpiit...@ling.helsinki.fi wrote:
Do you know that you can ask for help({}.get) or help(dict.get) or
even help(os.environ.get) during such an interactive Python session,
and Python (unlike Macbeth's spirits from the vasty deep) will answer?
Speak, Python, speak!
We're all attention.
The news we seek
This moment mention!
I remember when I saw that in a production in Altrincham, the Prince
threw off his cloak dramatically to step forward-- and the clasp caught
on some part of his costume, reducing the effect somewhat as the cloak
dragged along behind. (In the end some other cast member came forward
and just ripped it free).
[GS The Gondoliers, for those who weren't following along]
TJG
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 11:46 πμ, ο/η Νίκος έγραψε:
Στις 26/9/2013 11:39 πμ, ο/η Νίκος έγραψε:
Στις 26/9/2013 11:12 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen έγραψε:
Νίκος writes:
Σ�ις 26/9/2013 10:48 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen
έγ�α�ε: ί�ος writes:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
...
I was under the impression that the 'or' operator was handling this
in case one operand was failing but its not the case here.
f(x) or g(x) raises an exception if f(x) raises an exception, or
if f(x) returns a false value and g(x) raises an exception.
Then i thought of os.environ.get() to default to something but then
again we have 3 operand in the expression.
Adapt this:
{}.get('foo') or {'empty':''}.get('empty') or 'catchall'
'catchall'
Or nest the calls this way if an empty string is a valid value:
{}.get('foo', {'empty':''}.get('empty', 'catchall'))
''
This will compute the default values even when they are not used.
I'am sorry but i do not understand the last statements at all so i
can have chnace to adapt them.
Do you know what {} is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo') is?
Do you know what x.get('foo') is if x is {}?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('empty') is?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('fruit') is?
Do you know what (None or '' or 'catchall') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', 'bar') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', {}.get('bar', 'huh')) is?
Do you know what ('foo'[3] or 'else') does?
Do you know what ('foo' or 'else'[5]) does?
Do you know how to launch an interactive Python session where you can
play with such expressions until you get the hang of it? There is no
substitute for that experience.
Do you know that you can ask for help({}.get) or help(dict.get) or
even help(os.environ.get) during such an interactive Python session,
and Python (unlike Macbeth's spirits from the vasty deep) will answer?
You dont have to be ironic. I dont have the experience you do.
Up until now i have this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
can this be written as:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
It makes it more easily for me to understand this way.
Let me try be more specific:
i want to switch this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] )[0] or
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )[0] or Άγνωστη Προέλευση
because it raises KeyError exceptions to this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
'REMOTE_ADDR') )or Άγνωστη Πόλη
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
'REMOTE_ADDR') )[0] or Άγνωστη Προέλευση
But that doesnt seem to also work.
I want to use the get method because i know if it doesnt does detect a
dictionary key item than default back what we give it.
Can you please tell me why my alternative fails to work although i'am
using the .get method to default to something?
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 10:26:48 +0300, Νίκος wrote:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or
ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
tz = None
ip = os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
ip = os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
tz = ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
Likewise for the hostname.
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 11:39 πμ, ο/η Νίκος έγραψε:
Στις 26/9/2013 11:12 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen έγραψε:
Νίκος writes:
Σ�ις 26/9/2013 10:48 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen
έγ�α�ε: ί�ος writes:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
...
I was under the impression that the 'or' operator was handling this
in case one operand was failing but its not the case here.
f(x) or g(x) raises an exception if f(x) raises an exception, or
if f(x) returns a false value and g(x) raises an exception.
Then i thought of os.environ.get() to default to something but then
again we have 3 operand in the expression.
Adapt this:
{}.get('foo') or {'empty':''}.get('empty') or 'catchall'
'catchall'
Or nest the calls this way if an empty string is a valid value:
{}.get('foo', {'empty':''}.get('empty', 'catchall'))
''
This will compute the default values even when they are not used.
I'am sorry but i do not understand the last statements at all so i
can have chnace to adapt them.
Do you know what {} is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo') is?
Do you know what x.get('foo') is if x is {}?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('empty') is?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('fruit') is?
Do you know what (None or '' or 'catchall') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', 'bar') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', {}.get('bar', 'huh')) is?
Do you know what ('foo'[3] or 'else') does?
Do you know what ('foo' or 'else'[5]) does?
Do you know how to launch an interactive Python session where you can
play with such expressions until you get the hang of it? There is no
substitute for that experience.
Do you know that you can ask for help({}.get) or help(dict.get) or
even help(os.environ.get) during such an interactive Python session,
and Python (unlike Macbeth's spirits from the vasty deep) will answer?
You dont have to be ironic. I dont have the experience you do.
Up until now i have this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
can this be written as:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
It makes it more easily for me to understand this way.
Let me try be more specific:
i want to switch this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] )[0] or
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )[0] or Άγνωστη Προέλευση
because it raises KeyError exceptions to this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
'REMOTE_ADDR') )or Άγνωστη Πόλη
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
'REMOTE_ADDR') )[0] or Άγνωστη Προέλευση
But that doesnt seem to also work.
I want to use the get method because i know if it doesnt does detect a
dictionary key item than default back what we give it.
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Νίκος writes:
Σ�ις 26/9/2013 11:12 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen
έγ�α�ε: ί�ος writes:
Σ�ις 26/9/2013 10:48 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen
έγ�α�ε: ί�ος writes:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
...
I was under the impression that the 'or' operator was handling this
in case one operand was failing but its not the case here.
f(x) or g(x) raises an exception if f(x) raises an exception, or
if f(x) returns a false value and g(x) raises an exception.
Then i thought of os.environ.get() to default to something but then
again we have 3 operand in the expression.
Adapt this:
{}.get('foo') or {'empty':''}.get('empty') or 'catchall'
'catchall'
Or nest the calls this way if an empty string is a valid value:
{}.get('foo', {'empty':''}.get('empty', 'catchall'))
''
This will compute the default values even when they are not used.
I'am sorry but i do not understand the last statements at all so i
can have chnace to adapt them.
Do you know what {} is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo') is?
Do you know what x.get('foo') is if x is {}?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('empty') is?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('fruit') is?
Do you know what (None or '' or 'catchall') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', 'bar') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', {}.get('bar', 'huh')) is?
Do you know what ('foo'[3] or 'else') does?
Do you know what ('foo' or 'else'[5]) does?
Do you know how to launch an interactive Python session where you can
play with such expressions until you get the hang of it? There is no
substitute for that experience.
Do you know that you can ask for help({}.get) or help(dict.get) or
even help(os.environ.get) during such an interactive Python session,
and Python (unlike Macbeth's spirits from the vasty deep) will answer?
You dont have to be ironic. I dont have the experience you do.
Not ironic. Such questions really are how I learn and test my own
understanding, and all of the questions above are tailored to your
current specific problem. They are meant to help you.
But you should know the answers to such questions, even if you learn
them in some altogether different way. This is basic stuff.
Up until now i have this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or
�γν���η Π�λη
can this be written as:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )) or �γν���η
Π�λη
It makes it more easily for me to understand this way.
That will always get os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] and raise exception if
it doesn't exist.
Maybe you want this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr(os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or
�γν·Π�λη)
Though I would prefer a narrower layout this way:
something = ( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or
�γν·Π�λη )
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr(something)
--
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Op 26-09-13 10:39, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 11:12 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen έγραψε:
Νίκος writes:
Σ�ις 26/9/2013 10:48 πμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen
έγ�α�ε: ί�ος writes:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
...
I was under the impression that the 'or' operator was handling this
in case one operand was failing but its not the case here.
f(x) or g(x) raises an exception if f(x) raises an exception, or
if f(x) returns a false value and g(x) raises an exception.
Then i thought of os.environ.get() to default to something but then
again we have 3 operand in the expression.
Adapt this:
{}.get('foo') or {'empty':''}.get('empty') or 'catchall'
'catchall'
Or nest the calls this way if an empty string is a valid value:
{}.get('foo', {'empty':''}.get('empty', 'catchall'))
''
This will compute the default values even when they are not used.
I'am sorry but i do not understand the last statements at all so i
can have chnace to adapt them.
Do you know what {} is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo') is?
Do you know what x.get('foo') is if x is {}?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('empty') is?
Do you know what {'empty':''}.get('fruit') is?
Do you know what (None or '' or 'catchall') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', 'bar') is?
Do you know what {}.get('foo', {}.get('bar', 'huh')) is?
Do you know what ('foo'[3] or 'else') does?
Do you know what ('foo' or 'else'[5]) does?
Do you know how to launch an interactive Python session where you can
play with such expressions until you get the hang of it? There is no
substitute for that experience.
Do you know that you can ask for help({}.get) or help(dict.get) or
even help(os.environ.get) during such an interactive Python session,
and Python (unlike Macbeth's spirits from the vasty deep) will answer?
You dont have to be ironic. I dont have the experience you do.
That is irrelevant. For the responsibility you have taken upon yourself,
it seems you should have experience enough to figure this out. If you
can't, you just are not up for the job.
Up until now i have this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
can this be written as:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )) or Άγνωστη Πόλη
It makes it more easily for me to understand this way.
Experiment and find out for yourself. That is the only way you will
acquire the experience and understanding you need. Sure we could
spoon feed you the line you need, but that will only result in you
using that line without any understanding of what you are doing so
that if in a few months time something goes wrong, you again will
have no understanding of what goes on and still will have no clue
on how to handle a problem.
--
Antoon Pardon
--
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Νίκος writes:
because it raises KeyError exceptions to this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
'REMOTE_ADDR') )or �γν���η Π�λη
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
'REMOTE_ADDR') )[0] or �γν���η Π�οέλε���η
But that doesnt seem to also work.
I want to use the get method because i know if it doesnt does detect a
dictionary key item than default back what we give it.
Can you please tell me why my alternative fails to work although i'am
using the .get method to default to something?
I lost connection.
Absent HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP in os.environ, these reduce to
city = ( gi.time_zone_by_addr('REMOTE_ADDR') or
�γν���η Π�λη )
host = ( socket.gethostbyaddr('REMOTE_ADDR')[0] or
�γν���η Π�οέλε���η )
so maybe 'REMOTE_ADDR' is not meant to be the actual argument in those
calls. Earlier versions tried to get 'REMOTE_ADDR' from os.environ, I
think.
Try Nobody's piecemeal approach, maybe.
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 12:07 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε: Experiment and find out for yourself. That is the only way you will acquire the experience and understanding you need. Sure we could spoon feed you the line you need, but that will only result in you using that line without any understanding of what you are doing so that if in a few months time something goes wrong, you again will have no understanding of what goes on and still will have no clue on how to handle a problem. I have tried code and also provided alternative code to solve my problem which also doesn't solve it. So, you cannot accuse me that i'm not trying, that would be the case to just ask for a line without trying anything for myself, which i did twice. Then i got entirely stuck and i had to ask to get unstuck. Also when a solution is being provided to me i do not only want to use it but want to understand too, so if something similar comes up i will be in a position to solve it that time. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 12:04 μμ, ο/η Jussi Piitulainen έγραψε:
Up until now i have this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or
�γν���η Π�λη
can this be written as:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )) or �γν���η
Π�λη
It makes it more easily for me to understand this way.
That will always get os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] and raise exception if
it doesn't exist.
Maybe you want this:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr(os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or
�γν·Π�λη)
Okey that indeed doesn't hit on that lines.
Now my statements are as follows:
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Πόλη )
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )
So you include everything in aprenthseis with a get method that you know
beforehand it will not raise an exception but continue to check the next
operand and the next until it default to the string.
Its more clear this way: but look. this way now produced a weird error
few line slater when 'host' is tryign to be identefied by 're'.
[Thu Sep 26 09:44:39 2013] [error] [client 108.162.250.63] File
/home/nikos/public_html/cgi-bin/metrites.py, line 181, in module
[Thu Sep 26 09:44:39 2013] [error] [client 108.162.250.63] if not
vip and re.search(
r'(msn|gator|amazon|yandex|reverse|who|cloudflare|fetch|barracuda|spider|google|crawl|pingdom)',
host ) is None:
[Thu Sep 26 09:44:39 2013] [error] [client 108.162.250.63] File
/usr/local/bin/python/lib/python3.3/re.py, line 161, in search
[Thu Sep 26 09:44:39 2013] [error] [client 108.162.250.63] return
_compile(pattern, flags).search(string)
[Thu Sep 26 09:44:39 2013] [error] [client 108.162.250.63] TypeError:
expected string or buffer
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On Thursday, September 26, 2013 11:31:29 AM UTC+2, Ferrous Cranus wrote: I have tried code and also provided alternative code to solve my problem which also doesn't solve it. So, you cannot accuse me that i'm not trying, that would be the case to just ask for a line without trying anything for myself, which i did twice. I'll accuse you of being a dimwit. The questions you ask do not show you trying. The code that _is_ posted is not straightforward or geared towards readability. Also when a solution is being provided to me i do not only want to use it but want to understand too, so if something similar comes up i will be in a position to solve it that time. If you really want to do that, then why do you insist on one-liners? Write out the logic with a sequence of if statements. That is easy to understand, gives clearer error messages. The solution by Nobody is fairly foolproof, and the logic is clear. What's not to like? Maarten -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 11:55 πμ, ο/η Nobody έγραψε:
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 10:26:48 +0300, Νίκος wrote:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or
ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
tz = None
ip = os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
ip = os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
tz = ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
Likewise for the hostname.
Its logic is simple and straightforward but too many lines:
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )
this is much better in my opinion and straighforward also and more clear
to read:
it doens't work though:
ima thinkin that the [0] is missign at the end so i cna grab the first
item of the returnign tuple:
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
for the first two element if they are beign return i cna understand the
[0] at the end but what about if the string is being return wouldnt that
return just the 'A' of the string?
Is it correct to write it liek this?
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Op 26-09-13 11:31, Νίκος schreef: Στις 26/9/2013 12:07 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε: Experiment and find out for yourself. That is the only way you will acquire the experience and understanding you need. Sure we could spoon feed you the line you need, but that will only result in you using that line without any understanding of what you are doing so that if in a few months time something goes wrong, you again will have no understanding of what goes on and still will have no clue on how to handle a problem. I have tried code and also provided alternative code to solve my problem which also doesn't solve it. Have you tried with some kind of understanding of what you are doing or did you just tried variations of examples you saw somewhere? So, you cannot accuse me that i'm not trying, that would be the case to just ask for a line without trying anything for myself, which i did twice. That seems totally insufficient. Then i got entirely stuck and i had to ask to get unstuck. That is your problem. You are putting all your energy in trying to get unstuck instead of in learning so that you gain enough understanding to get yourself unstuck. Also when a solution is being provided to me i do not only want to use it but want to understand too, so if something similar comes up i will be in a position to solve it that time. You have shown no evidence that this is how you operate in reality. You like to paint yourself like this, but in reality people still have to explain to you that when you encouter a syntax error, you may have to look at previous lines, while that was already explained to you a number of times. You have a history of coming with the same kind of problem than previous once that were solved and explained to you. -- Antoon Pardon -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Op 26-09-13 11:56, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 11:55 πμ, ο/η Nobody έγραψε:
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 10:26:48 +0300, Νίκος wrote:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or
ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
tz = None
ip = os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
ip = os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
tz = ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
Likewise for the hostname.
Its logic is simple and straightforward but too many lines:
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )
this is much better in my opinion and straighforward also and more clear
to read:
No it is not and you prove that in the very next line.
it doens't work though:
If it doesn't do what you think it should do then it is not straight
forward or clear, at least not to you.
--
Antoon Pardon
--
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Re: Referrer key missing form os.environ dictionary?
On 2013-09-26 04:25, Chris Angelico wrote: On Thu, Sep 26, 2013 at 11:32 AM, Terry Reedy tjre...@udel.edu wrote: Since CGI uses stdout for the finished product, it could have used stdin for the input. Haven't used CGI in years, but I thought POST data came on stdin? You could just put the whole HTTP request, headers and body, through stdin and just make the program parse them apart. -- Robert Kern I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth. -- Umberto Eco -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 1:12 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 11:56, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 11:55 πμ, ο/η Nobody έγραψε:
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 10:26:48 +0300, Νίκος wrote:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or
ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
tz = None
ip = os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
ip = os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
tz = ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
Likewise for the hostname.
Its logic is simple and straightforward but too many lines:
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )
this is much better in my opinion and straighforward also and more clear
to read:
No it is not and you prove that in the very next line.
it doens't work though:
If it doesn't do what you think it should do then it is not straight
forward or clear, at least not to you.
It is far better than the ifs, even easier to read, i was just missing a
[0] at the end.
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
--
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Re: What minimum should a person know before saying I know Python
I would say it's a little bit more: You have to know the keywords and (basic) concepts, e.g. you really have to understand what it means, that everything is a class. If you get foreign, you have to be able to understand it. And the other way round, given a problem, you should be able to write a working solution. bg Johannes On 09/20/2013 06:23 PM, Mark Janssen wrote: I started Python 4 months ago. Largely self-study with use of Python documentation, stackoverflow and google. I was thinking what is the minimum that I must know before I can say that I know Python? Interesting. I would say that you must know the keywords, how to make a Class, how to write a loop. That covers about 85% of it. -- GLOBE Development GmbH Königsberger Strasse 260 48157 MünsterGLOBE Development GmbH Königsberger Strasse 260 48157 Münster 0251/5205 390 -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Op 26-09-13 12:18, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 1:12 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 11:56, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 11:55 πμ, ο/η Nobody έγραψε:
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 10:26:48 +0300, Νίκος wrote:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or
ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
tz = None
ip = os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
ip = os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
tz = ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
Likewise for the hostname.
Its logic is simple and straightforward but too many lines:
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )
this is much better in my opinion and straighforward also and more clear
to read:
No it is not and you prove that in the very next line.
it doens't work though:
If it doesn't do what you think it should do then it is not straight
forward or clear, at least not to you.
It is far better than the ifs, even easier to read, i was just missing a
[0] at the end.
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
No it is not. Your purpose was to have a line that wouldn't throw an
exception even if some environ variables were not available. That
means it shouldn't throw an exception when I execute the code. Guess
what happens:
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known
You are just illustrating your lack of basic understaning.
--
Antoon Pardon
--
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 1:41 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 12:18, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 1:12 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 11:56, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 11:55 πμ, ο/η Nobody έγραψε:
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 10:26:48 +0300, Νίκος wrote:
How can i wrote the two following lines so for NOT to throw out
KeyErrors when a key is missing?
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) or
gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) or
ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
tz = None
ip = os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
ip = os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
if ip:
tz = gi.time_zone_by_addr(ip)
if not tz:
tz = ÎγνÏÏÏη Î Ïλη
Likewise for the hostname.
Its logic is simple and straightforward but too many lines:
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )
this is much better in my opinion and straighforward also and more clear
to read:
No it is not and you prove that in the very next line.
it doens't work though:
If it doesn't do what you think it should do then it is not straight
forward or clear, at least not to you.
It is far better than the ifs, even easier to read, i was just missing a
[0] at the end.
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
No it is not. Your purpose was to have a line that wouldn't throw an
exception even if some environ variables were not available. That
means it shouldn't throw an exception when I execute the code. Guess
what happens:
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known
You are just illustrating your lack of basic understaning.
I'm surepirsed, becaus eon my domain [superhost.gr] the same lien of
code works withnout an error and it display the 'host' fileds properly.
Perhaps its failing via shell or you do not have a web server installed
to prepare the enviromental variables or i dont know what else to hink.
But in my website this code runs at the probelm with no problem.
--
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
? nikos.gr...@gmail.com wrote in message news:l20utg$278$1...@dont-email.me... 26/9/2013 12:07 ??, ?/? Antoon Pardon ??: Experiment and find out for yourself. That is the only way you will acquire the experience and understanding you need. Sure we could spoon feed you the line you need, but that will only result in you using that line without any understanding of what you are doing so that if in a few months time something goes wrong, you again will have no understanding of what goes on and still will have no clue on how to handle a problem. I have tried code and also provided alternative code to solve my problem which also doesn't solve it. So, you cannot accuse me that i'm not trying, that would be the case to just ask for a line without trying anything for myself, which i did twice. Agreed. You did post the work you had already done which seems reasonable to me. For your first example, because you are worried about key errors maybe you could code something like the following. try: city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'] ) except KeyError: try: city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) except KeyError: city = ??? Does that help? James -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Op 26-09-13 12:51, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 1:41 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 12:18, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 1:12 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 11:56, Νίκος schreef:
It is far better than the ifs, even easier to read, i was just missing a
[0] at the end.
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
No it is not. Your purpose was to have a line that wouldn't throw an
exception even if some environ variables were not available. That
means it shouldn't throw an exception when I execute the code. Guess
what happens:
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known
You are just illustrating your lack of basic understaning.
I'm surepirsed, becaus eon my domain [superhost.gr] the same lien of
code works withnout an error and it display the 'host' fileds properly.
You shoudn't be. This illustrates beautifully the difference between
understanding what one is doing and dabbling around until one stumbles
on something that currently works but that will stop working in other
circumstances.
Perhaps its failing via shell or you do not have a web server installed
to prepare the enviromental variables or i dont know what else to hink.
Yes it is failing via shell, but that doesn't matter. If your purpose
was to have that line working even if the environ variables were not
available, then the line should work from a shell too.
But in my website this code runs at the probelm with no problem.
So? That just means that your website is not a good test environment
for checking whether the code works under all circumstances you want
it to work.
--
Antoon Pardon
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On 26/9/2013 06:51, Νίκος wrote:
SNIP
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known
You are just illustrating your lack of basic understaning.
I'm surepirsed, becaus eon my domain [superhost.gr] the same lien of
code works withnout an error and it display the 'host' fileds properly.
Perhaps its failing via shell or you do not have a web server installed
to prepare the enviromental variables or i dont know what else to hink.
But in my website this code runs at the probelm with no problem.
In Python 3.3, but not on a web server, I get:
import socket
socket.gethostbyaddr(unknown)[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known
Question, do you get the same result on your server? (You can put the
Greek string in place of unknown of course)
If so, then the default value makes no sense; it'll cause an exception
if it's ever used. If you insist on sticking to expressions (no
try/catch, no if statements), then perhaps you should default to a
string representing a domain which will always exist.
--
DaveA
--
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 2:07 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 12:51, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 1:41 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 12:18, Νίκος schreef:
Στις 26/9/2013 1:12 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 11:56, Νίκος schreef:
It is far better than the ifs, even easier to read, i was just missing a
[0] at the end.
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
No it is not. Your purpose was to have a line that wouldn't throw an
exception even if some environ variables were not available. That
means it shouldn't throw an exception when I execute the code. Guess
what happens:
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known
You are just illustrating your lack of basic understaning.
I'm surepirsed, becaus eon my domain [superhost.gr] the same lien of
code works withnout an error and it display the 'host' fileds properly.
You shoudn't be. This illustrates beautifully the difference between
understanding what one is doing and dabbling around until one stumbles
on something that currently works but that will stop working in other
circumstances.
Perhaps its failing via shell or you do not have a web server installed
to prepare the enviromental variables or i dont know what else to hink.
Yes it is failing via shell, but that doesn't matter. If your purpose
was to have that line working even if the environ variables were not
available, then the line should work from a shell too.
But in my website this code runs at the probelm with no problem.
So? That just means that your website is not a good test environment
for checking whether the code works under all circumstances you want
it to work.
Okey then please tell me, what do you see wrong in it:
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
the [0] at then end in case the statemnt default to the string?
please tell me in details what might go wrong with it so i cna
understand it.
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Op 26-09-13 13:25, Νίκος schreef:
Okey then please tell me, what do you see wrong in it:
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
the [0] at then end in case the statemnt default to the string?
please tell me in details what might go wrong with it so i cna
understand it.
Startup python and try to figure it out yourself. Show us you can
really learn something.
--
Antoon Pardon
--
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Re: Convert namedtuple to dictionary
On 2013-09-26 01:08, Steven D'Aprano wrote: On Wed, 25 Sep 2013 18:41:25 -0500, Tim Chase wrote about namedtuple: While it uses the private member-variable _fields, you can do It's not actually private! namedtuple is documented as an exception to the rule that methods starting with a single leading underscore are private. Named tuples define three public methods and one data attribute. In order to avoid clashing with field names, they start with a single underscore, but they are documented as public: _make _asdict _replace _fields Well dang if leading underscore suggests private/internal use convention got tossed out the window here :) But indeed, they are in the docs, so (to the OP), use _asdict() and make life easy. -tkc -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Problem when installing Boost.Python
Hi, All I'm not sure if am asking in the right place, but since this is Python related, I'd like to try it out. My setup is Windows7 64-bit, Python 2.7 64bit, Boost 1.54, Visual Studio 2012 Express Version 64bit. I am a beginner of Python, and am trying to bridge Python and C++. Thus I download the Boost library. I followed the instruction here: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_54_0/more/getting_started/windows.html And successfully installed the Basic Boost. Then I found that Boost.Python requires a separately installation, according to another instruction here: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_54_0/libs/python/doc/building.html I am stuck at step 3.1.4 where the instruction says to run a example: 4. Invoke bjam. Replace the stage argument from the example invocation from section 5 of the Getting Started Guide http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_54_0/more/getting_started/index.html with test, to build all the test targets. Also add the argument --verbose-test to see the output generated by the tests when they are run. On Windows, your bjam invocation might look something like: C:\boost_1_34_0\...\quickstart bjam toolset=msvc --verbose-test test When I input the command line above, I have 135 unresolved external errors! One of them is like follows: exec.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__PyEval_GetGlobals referenced in function class boost::python::api::object __cdecl boost::python::eval(class boost::python::str,class boost::python::api::object, class boost::python::api::object)(?eval@python@boost@@YA?AVobject@api@12@Vstr @12@V3412@1@Z) ..\..\..\..\bin.v2\libs\python\build\msvc-11.0\debug\boost_python-vc110- gd-1_54.dll I know this is more C++, however, I guess someone in this mailing list may have experienced with Boost.Python. My apologies if this mail bothers you. Can anyone help me to work around this? Thank you! Regards Long Wenlong Wang Risk Analyst, Capquest Group Ltd Email: ww...@capquest.co.uk Fleet 27, Rye Close, Fleet, GU51 2QQ. Website: http://www.capquest.co.uk/ This e-mail is intended solely for the addressee, is strictly confidential and may also be legally privileged. If you are not the addressee please do not read, print, re-transmit, store or act in reliance on it or any attachments. Instead, please email it back to the sender and then immediately permanently delete it. E-mail communications cannot be guaranteed to be secure or error free, as information could be intercepted, corrupted, amended, lost, destroyed, arrive late or incomplete, or contain viruses. We do not accept liability for any such matters or their consequences. Anyone who communicates with us by e-mail is taken to accept the risks in doing so. Opinions, conclusions and other information in this e-mail and any attachments are solely those of the author and do not represent those of Capquest Group Limited or any of its subsidiaries unless otherwise stated. Capquest Group Limited (registered number 4936030), Capquest Debt Recovery Limited (registered number 3772278), Capquest Investments Limited (registered number 5245825), Capquest Asset Management Limited (registered number 5245829) and Capquest Mortgage Servicing Limited (registered number 05821008) are all limited companies registered in England and Wales with their registered offices at Fleet 27, Rye Close, Fleet, Hampshire, GU51 2QQ. Each company is a separate and independent legal entity. None of the companies have any liability for each other's acts or omissions. Group VAT registration number 844281719. Members of the Capquest group are regulated under the Consumer Credit Act 1974 and are members of the Credit Services Association. This communication is from the company named in the sender's details above. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 2:24 μμ, ο/η Dave Angel έγραψε:
On 26/9/2013 06:51, Νίκος wrote:
SNIP
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known
You are just illustrating your lack of basic understaning.
I'm surepirsed, becaus eon my domain [superhost.gr] the same lien of
code works withnout an error and it display the 'host' fileds properly.
Perhaps its failing via shell or you do not have a web server installed
to prepare the enviromental variables or i dont know what else to hink.
But in my website this code runs at the probelm with no problem.
In Python 3.3, but not on a web server, I get:
import socket
socket.gethostbyaddr(unknown)[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known
Question, do you get the same result on your server? (You can put the
Greek string in place of unknown of course)
If so, then the default value makes no sense; it'll cause an exception
if it's ever used. If you insist on sticking to expressions (no
try/catch, no if statements), then perhaps you should default to a
string representing a domain which will always exist.
Yes, you are right, in my shell it fails too givign the same error
message as yours, while on the other had in the websste is working.
Can you explain this please?
why doesnt it fail to both enviroments?
--
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Re: Extracting lines from text files - script with a couple of 'side effects'
Hi, Thanks for the answers! And Dave, thanks for explaining the cause of the problem I will keep that in mind for the future. You're right, I am doing the search backward, it just seemed easier for me to do it in that way. Looks like I need to keep practising... Both your suggestions work, I will try and learn from them. Have a nice day Max -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Op 26-09-13 14:39, Νίκος schreef: Yes, you are right, in my shell it fails too givign the same error message as yours, while on the other had in the websste is working. Can you explain this please? why doesnt it fail to both enviroments? Your site and your shell are two different environments. The state of the website environment lets your code succeed while the state of the shell environment, doesn't. -- Antoon Pardon -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 3:53 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε: Op 26-09-13 14:39, Νίκος schreef: Yes, you are right, in my shell it fails too givign the same error message as yours, while on the other had in the websste is working. Can you explain this please? why doesnt it fail to both enviroments? Your site and your shell are two different environments. The state of the website environment lets your code succeed while the state of the shell environment, doesn't. What modification does it need to also work in the shell environmentthe [0] at the end is what complicates things. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newline interpretation issue with MIMEApplication with binary data, Python 3.3.2
On 2013-09-26, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote: On Thu, Sep 26, 2013 at 2:23 PM, Nils Bunger nilsbun...@gmail.com wrote: Yes, it's email.mime.MIMEApplication. I've pasted a snippet with the imports below. I'm trying to use this to build a multi-part MIME message, with this as one part. I really can't figure out any way to attach a binary part like this to a multi-part MIME message without the encoding issue... any help would be greatly appreciate! I partly responded just to ping your thread, as I'm not particularly familiar with the email.mime module. But a glance at the docs suggests that MIMEApplication is a subclass of MIMENonMultipart, so might it be a problem to use that for multipart?? It's designed to handle text, so you may want to use an encoder (like the default base64 one) rather than trying to push binary data through it. Random ideas, hopefully someone who actually knows the module can respond. I got interested in it since I have never used any of the modules. So I played with it enough to discover that the part of the code above that converts the \r to \n is the flatten call. I got to here and RFC 2049 and gave up. The following guidelines may be useful to anyone devising a data format (media type) that is supposed to survive the widest range of networking technologies and known broken MTAs unscathed. Note that anything encoded in the base64 encoding will satisfy these rules, but that some well-known mechanisms, notably the UNIX uuencode facility, will not. Note also that anything encoded in the Quoted-Printable encoding will survive most gateways intact, but possibly not some gateways to systems that use the EBCDIC character set. (1) Under some circumstances the encoding used for data may change as part of normal gateway or user agent operation. In particular, conversion from base64 to quoted-printable and vice versa may be necessary. This may result in the confusion of CRLF sequences with line breaks in text bodies. As such, the persistence of CRLF as something other than a line break must not be relied on. (2) Many systems may elect to represent and store text data using local newline conventions. Local newline conventions may not match the RFC822 CRLF convention -- systems are known that use plain CR, plain LF, CRLF, or counted records. The result is that isolated CR and LF characters are not well tolerated in general; they may be lost or converted to delimiters on some systems, and hence must not be relied on. So putting a raw CR in a binary chunk maybe be intolerable, and you need to use a different encoder. But I'm out of my element. -- Neil Cerutti -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Referrer key missing form os.environ dictionary?
On 2013-09-26, Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote: On Wed, 25 Sep 2013 15:18:41 +, Grant Edwards wrote: The Referer is not an environment variable. It is when you're writing a CGI app. How would your shell know what URL you were just browsing? Because the HTTP server sets those environment variables before invoking the CGI app. I stand corrected. That's a pretty shitty design though, isn't it? On a Unix system when you invoke a program, you pass it four things: 1) A dictionary where keys/values are both strings [enviornment variables] 2) A list of strings [command line args] 3) A set of open file descriptors. 4) The current working directory. You can provide input values to the program through any of these. For interactive programs, 2 and 3 are the most convenient. For programs intended to be invoked non-interactively via another program the first option can be very elegent and versatile -- but it does make use of the program interactively rather awkward. Semantically, passing values to a program via environment variables is very similar to keyword arguments to a Python function, while command line arguments are like positional arguments to a Python function. Communicating via environment variables. What is this, 1998? :-) Mind you, I'm not sure what other alternatives exist. Command line arguments, open file descriptors, or files in the CWD. All are more difficult to use programmatically than environment variables. -- Grant Edwards grant.b.edwardsYow! I guess you guys got at BIG MUSCLES from doing too gmail.commuch STUDYING! -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Referrer key missing form os.environ dictionary?
On 2013-09-26, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote: On Thu, Sep 26, 2013 at 11:32 AM, Terry Reedy tjre...@udel.edu wrote: Since CGI uses stdout for the finished product, it could have used stdin for the input. Haven't used CGI in years, but I thought POST data came on stdin? Yes. The user data is read via stdin. The stuff passed via the environemnt dictionary is meta-data (stuff from the HTTP request headers, and stuff synthesized by the HTTP server). -- Grant Edwards grant.b.edwardsYow! ! Now I understand at advanced MICROBIOLOGY and gmail.comth' new TAX REFORM laws!! -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Understanding how is a function evaluated using recursion
On 2013-09-25, Arturo B a7xrturo...@gmail.com wrote: Hi, I'm doing Python exercises and I need to write a function to flat nested lists as this one: [[1,2,3],4,5,[6,[7,8]]] To the result: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] So I searched for example code and I found this one that uses recursion (that I don't understand): def flatten(l): ret = [] for i in l: if isinstance(i, list) or isinstance(i, tuple): ret.extend(flatten(i)) #How is flatten(i) evaluated? else: ret.append(i) return ret So I know what recursion is, but I don't know how is flatten(i) evaluated, what value does it returns? It only *looks* like magic, as others have explained. I keep a file callled bikeshed.py for these occasions. The flatten function has been to the bike shed a lot [1]. Here's a non-recursive version of flatten for comparison: from collections import Sequence def flatten(seq): stack = [] i = 0 result = [] while True: if i = len(seq): if stack: seq, i = stack.pop() else: return result elif isinstance(seq[i], Sequence): stack.append((seq, i+1)) # Store the continue point seq = seq[i] i = 0 else: result.append(seq[i]) i += 1 When this version encounters a nested list, it keeps a stack of sequences and indices to continue on with after processing the nested list. The code at the start of the while loop, when a sequence is exhausted, pops the continue points fromt he stack, returning if the stack is empty. It's simpler and cleaner to call flatten on itself, as in the recursive version, because the stack frames do all the bookkeeping for you. CPython has a limited number of stack frames though, so the version above might be preferable for certain levels of nesting. [1] http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bikeshed -- Neil Cerutti -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On 26/9/2013 09:34, Νίκος wrote:
Στις 26/9/2013 3:53 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 14:39, Νίκος schreef:
Yes, you are right, in my shell it fails too givign the same error
message as yours, while on the other had in the websste is working.
Can you explain this please?
why doesnt it fail to both enviroments?
Your site and your shell are two different environments. The state
of the website environment lets your code succeed while the state
of the shell environment, doesn't.
What modification does it need to also work in the shell environmentthe
[0] at the end is what complicates things.
Not at all. What complicates/confuses things is trying to do too much
in one line.
The line is trying to solve two separate things. You might now
understand the first of them; the fetching of multiple environment
variables that may or may not exist.
The second thing is the function call to gethostbyname(). If fed
invalid data, this call will throw an exception. So you need to either
put it in a try/catch or somehow pretend that you can know what
constitutes invalid data. One example of invalid data is your default
string. Another might be if one of those environment variables exists,
but isn't reasonable. And a third might be if the domain server
temporarily refuses to recognize a valid hostname.
I'd say you need to put the gethostbyname() in a try/catch, and then
supply some reasonable bogus string for host. Only you will know what
to use there; depending on what you're going to use it for.
ipval = (os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR', Please throw a gaierror exception)
try:
host = socket.gethostbyaddr(ipval) [0]
except socket.gaierror as exc;
host = Unknown host
I don't know the gethostbyaddr(), so i don't know if there are other
exceptions you should also try to catch.
--
DaveA
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Re: Understanding how is a function evaluated using recursion
On 2013-09-26, Neil Cerutti ne...@norwich.edu wrote: def flatten(seq): [1] http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bikeshed In that spirit, it occurs to me that given current Python nomenclature, 'flattened' would be a better name. -- Neil Cerutti -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 12:56:19 +0300, Νίκος wrote:
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )
Perhaps you need something that looks more like:
some_value = some_function_of( some_value ) or some_function_of
( some_value )
if some_value:
host = some_function_of( some_value )
else:
host = some_value
or even:
try:
host = some_function_of( some_function_of( some_value ) or
some_function_of( some_value ) )
except some_error_type [ or some_error_type ]:
host = some_value
--
Denis McMahon, denismfmcma...@gmail.com
--
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Re: Proposal: [... for ... while cond(x)]
Hi all, It might be a risk that we create some hairy or subtle semantics, but perhaps this idea has legs. The 'pythonic' syntax is very attractive. # skip the silence at the start data = (amp for amp in signal from abs(amp) 0.05) # drop files that are less than 600 bytes # (already sorted into ascending order of size) files = (file for file in filelist from os.stat(file).st_size 600) # Analyse bunch of log lines up to a certain timestamp cutoff = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1) checklogs = (entry for entry in log while entry.timestamp = cutoff) In use it feels along the same lines as else: clauses in try/finally and for loops, both of which I like-- it seems natural in Python, keeps the meaning clear and consistent, avoids complicated, iterative, inexpressive code. Terry Reedy wrote: You're right. The syntax is ambiguous. I agree it's not a good idea, now. :) When while, if and from are made mutually exclusive, not mixed, on a comprehension clause, it looks to me like the ambiguity disappears: x for x in xs while cond(x) if blah(x) not legal Python-- if and while are mutually exclusive on the same comprehension clause. On the one hand it's like writing x for x in xs if f(x) 10 if g(x) 100, the illegality of which no-one is complaining about. Just write: x for x in xs while cond(x) and cond2(x) or x for x in xs if cond(x) and cond2(x) If there is a need to filter using if as well as while, then use two comprehensions: intermediate = [x for x in xs while cond(x)] final = [x for x in intermediate if cond2(x)] or the same comprehension applied to itself: y for y in x for x in xs if cond(x) while cond2(y) The if and the while operation *should* be kept separate-- they're different stages of processing the data. x*y for x in xs while cond(x) for y in ys if cond(y) legal Python-- the 'if cond(y)' unambiguously refers to the inner comprehension. x for x in xs if blah(x) while cond(x) not legal Python-- if and while are mutually exclusive in the same comprehension clause. The objection to while as an abbreviation: e(x) for x in xs if cond(x) is an abbreviation of for x in xs: if cond(x) yield e(x) and similarly with more for and if clauses, whereas the analogous expansion of your proposal for x in xs: while cond(x): yield e(x) is an infinite loop and not at all what you mean. That's because while is being used here with a different semantic to the while loop. It actually means: for x in xs: if not cond(x): break yield e(x) and for 'from': emit = False for x in xs: if not emit: if cond(x): emit = True else: yield e(x) Cheers, Nick -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 14:25:55 +0300, Νίκος wrote:
Okey then please tell me, what do you see wrong in it:
socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP')
If os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') is false
or os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
and os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') is false
or Άγνωστη Προέλευση )[0]
The you try and get the host name from the ip address Άγνωστη
Προέλευση, but Άγνωστη Προέλευση is not an ip address, so you get an
error.
--
Denis McMahon, denismfmcma...@gmail.com
--
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 12:56:19 +0300, Νίκος wrote: Its logic is simple and straightforward but too many lines: There is no too many lines. this is much better in my opinion and straighforward also and more clear to read ... it doens't work though: This is just a stupid attitude for a coder to have. -- Denis McMahon, denismfmcma...@gmail.com -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Proposal: [... for ... while cond(x)]
On Friday, 27 September 2013 00:39:30 UTC+10, Nick Mellor wrote: [snip] for x in xs: if not emit: if cond(x): emit = True else: yield e(x) Oops! for x in xs: if not emit: if cond(x): emit = True yield e(x) else: yield e(x) -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Download all youtube favorites with youtube-dl script
I have been using the script youtube-dl http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/ And I was wondering if there is a way to download all of a user's favorites or uploads. The script has a functionality to download all videos in a txt file. So if there is a way using the youtube API or JSON (none of which I am familiar with) to bring up a list of all these videos then it'd be a simple case putting these urls into a file. The problem is youtube displays favorites or user uploads in pages or infinite scroll. So it is difficult to access them by the BeautifulSoup module. What do you suggest? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Referrer key missing form os.environ dictionary?
On Fri, Sep 27, 2013 at 12:11 AM, Grant Edwards invalid@invalid.invalid wrote: On a Unix system when you invoke a program, you pass it four things: 1) A dictionary where keys/values are both strings [enviornment variables] 2) A list of strings [command line args] 3) A set of open file descriptors. 4) The current working directory. You can provide input values to the program through any of these. For interactive programs, 2 and 3 are the most convenient. Hrm, not sure about #3 for interactive programs, unless you specifically mean the three standard streams. With most Unix shells, you should be able to set environment variables: PGUSER=fred PGPASSWORD=secret psql Not as convenient as #2, but far easier than passing an open file descriptor. Of course, passing file descriptors around is pretty easy programmatically, but when you say interactive I assume you're talking also about an interactive shell. GUI interactions of course follow their own rules completely. In most systems, it's really easy to invoke an application with one argument, a file name; it's generally much harder to customize the arguments at the keyboard. OS/2 had a facility for doing that. You just put square brackets into the configured args and it'd turn it into a prompt: --foo=bar --mode=[Choose mode, 1-3:] %* You'd get a nice little popup with the prompt you specified, and whatever you type gets put into the args. Haven't seen that in any other system - at least, not as conveniently. ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Download all youtube favorites with youtube-dl script
On Thu, Sep 26, 2013 at 11:13 AM, Bill b...@bill.com wrote: I have been using the script youtube-dl http://rg3.github.io/youtube-**dl/http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/ And I was wondering if there is a way to download all of a user's favorites or uploads. The script has a functionality to download all videos in a txt file. So if there is a way using the youtube API or JSON (none of which I am familiar with) to bring up a list of all these videos then it'd be a simple case putting these urls into a file. The problem is youtube displays favorites or user uploads in pages or infinite scroll. So it is difficult to access them by the BeautifulSoup module. What do you suggest? -- https://mail.python.org/**mailman/listinfo/python-listhttps://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Have you looked at the youtube API? That would be better than screen scraping. https://developers.google.com/youtube/getting_started -- Joel Goldstick http://joelgoldstick.com -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Upload Windows binaries on pypi from Linux
I have a Python extension module (psutil) written in C which I compile for different Python versions (from 2.4 to 3.3) and want to upload them on pypi. The Windows machine is not connected to internet so after I generate the Windows binaries (via setup.py bdist_wininst) I move the .exe files from Windows to Linux. From there I want to upload all the *.exe files on pypi. Apparently I can automatically do this only from Windows via setup.py upload bdist_wininst but as I said I have no internet connection on that box. Is there a way to tell setup.py to upload those *.exe file on pypi from Linux or some tool which can do that via HTTP POST or something? Thanks in advance, --- Giampaolo https://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib/ https://code.google.com/p/psutil/ https://code.google.com/p/pysendfile/ -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newline interpretation issue with MIMEApplication with binary data, Python 3.3.2
Hi Neil, Thanks for looking at this. I'm trying to create a multipart MIME for an HTTP POST request, not an email. This is for a third-party API that requires a multipart POST with a binary file, so I don't have the option to just use a different encoding. Multipart HTTP is standardized in HTTP 1.0 and supports binary parts. Also, no one will re-interpret contents of HTTP on the wire, as binary is quite normal in HTTP. The issue seems to be some parts of the python MIME encoder still assume it's for email only, where everything would be b64 encoded. Maybe I have to roll my own to create a multipart msg with a binary file? I was hoping to avoid that. Nils ps. You probably know this, but in case anyone else reads this thread, HTTP requires all headers to have CRLF, not native line endings. The python MIME modules can do that properly as of python 3.2 (fixed as of this bug http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/ebf6741a8d6e/) I got interested in it since I have never used any of the modules. So I played with it enough to discover that the part of the code above that converts the \r to \n is the flatten call. I got to here and RFC 2049 and gave up. The following guidelines may be useful to anyone devising a data format (media type) that is supposed to survive the widest range of networking technologies and known broken MTAs unscathed. Note that anything encoded in the base64 encoding will satisfy these rules, but that some well-known mechanisms, notably the UNIX uuencode facility, will not. Note also that anything encoded in the Quoted-Printable encoding will survive most gateways intact, but possibly not some gateways to systems that use the EBCDIC character set. (1) Under some circumstances the encoding used for data may change as part of normal gateway or user agent operation. In particular, conversion from base64 to quoted-printable and vice versa may be necessary. This may result in the confusion of CRLF sequences with line breaks in text bodies. As such, the persistence of CRLF as something other than a line break must not be relied on. (2) Many systems may elect to represent and store text data using local newline conventions. Local newline conventions may not match the RFC822 CRLF convention -- systems are known that use plain CR, plain LF, CRLF, or counted records. The result is that isolated CR and LF characters are not well tolerated in general; they may be lost or converted to delimiters on some systems, and hence must not be relied on. So putting a raw CR in a binary chunk maybe be intolerable, and you need to use a different encoder. But I'm out of my element. -- Neil Cerutti -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Download all youtube favorites with youtube-dl script
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA512 Hi Bill, the best way to ask for features or file bugs on youtube-dl is asking us at http://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues . Luckily, I this list from time to time ;) Simply use youtube-dl --username u...@gmail.com --password secret :ytfav Best, Philipp On 09/26/2013 05:13 PM, Bill wrote: I have been using the script youtube-dl http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/ And I was wondering if there is a way to download all of a user's favorites or uploads. The script has a functionality to download all videos in a txt file. So if there is a way using the youtube API or JSON (none of which I am familiar with) to bring up a list of all these videos then it'd be a simple case putting these urls into a file. The problem is youtube displays favorites or user uploads in pages or infinite scroll. So it is difficult to access them by the BeautifulSoup module. What do you suggest? -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.4.14 (GNU/Linux) iQIcBAEBCgAGBQJSRFQmAAoJENtLVMukgmoYaz0P/ifoPqcx4dpShXyigwGxzhsa ht8sjIP8n3bNJ+J7Jvx0uM6Sv/Hu/U1CC09G1pT9nquHDYYvmko+MoBkXbc8JmlC R0qPhX0I2xGH9G1EL+83J4zzte3K7p5ErLY1V1S9cWuBKot16eKtrxhIgWxTMfE1 l93az4Uz4YLzUPYEXSO7pNX9cvxyrEjsqSJE3Jftn5ZqbUO46M+7gMKG2g46C/W4 IQtg2v9cHE3xKV5c+wCFjjIHtOGg+leOTMFdiD6oIa/uNfV/3tzpiyQ1e2QgyrvU UK4zz3TxqxWswDTrxRdc7fFNAGoNSrxU2hwyvjc/CGehORv7ktBjJJbtt3PfvHsi nov+OEIToDFTO1nCzQ39qQP0Ibl0LpNbvJGWyJqubFsZd0uiU1EwONXFchNwHeil Yce4DT8Tzf4zv6y3YNJCz1RCM1G308vQav539w6D7vfIUc5F28gnWKkd5NIcCpyu URVWp0HxV7d+kCekbxhnd+Ah/XvsrHhkI3cxOHvc1QjGwToRWawJQT0LD72E6PqW MmnOUTZhrxebyAx1HEt45l19fuW/TfwCWWzAtRscr8uFLFf0/Hwm41tSo8FjxqK2 OVZAckmVYIKP0F+u6hcSg/INl6rs6R+Co4/S8aFdKh2N16wmwQ7hevoTIpXIFwwK hkpwAUdlQxIWzSe8uJMV =nRz7 -END PGP SIGNATURE- -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newline interpretation issue with MIMEApplication with binary data, Python 3.3.2
Hi all, I was able to workaround this problem by encoding a unique 'marker' in the binary part, then replacing the marker with the actual binary content after generating the MIME message. See my answer on Stack Overflow http://stackoverflow.com/a/19033750/526098 for the code. Thanks, your suggestions helped me think of this. Nils On Wednesday, September 25, 2013 9:38:17 AM UTC-7, Nils Bunger wrote: Hi, I'm having trouble encoding a MIME message with a binary file. Newline characters are being interpreted even though the content is supposed to be binary. This is using Python 3.3.2 Small test case: app = MIMEApplication(b'Q\x0dQ', _encoder=encode_noop) b = io.BytesIO() g = BytesGenerator(b) g.flatten(app) for i in b.getvalue()[-3:]: print (%02x % i, end=) print () This prints 51 0a 51, meaning the 0x0d character got reinterpreted as a newline. I've tried setting an email policy of HTTP policy, but that goes even further, converting \r to \r\n This is for HTTP transport, so binary encoding is normal. Any thoughts how I can do this properly? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Convert namedtuple to dictionary
Thx Tim. Your solution works. I am, as you can probably tell, a newbie at Python. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 5:22 μμ, ο/η Dave Angel έγραψε:
On 26/9/2013 09:34, Νίκος wrote:
Στις 26/9/2013 3:53 μμ, ο/η Antoon Pardon έγραψε:
Op 26-09-13 14:39, Νίκος schreef:
Yes, you are right, in my shell it fails too givign the same error
message as yours, while on the other had in the websste is working.
Can you explain this please?
why doesnt it fail to both enviroments?
Your site and your shell are two different environments. The state
of the website environment lets your code succeed while the state
of the shell environment, doesn't.
What modification does it need to also work in the shell environmentthe
[0] at the end is what complicates things.
Not at all. What complicates/confuses things is trying to do too much
in one line.
The line is trying to solve two separate things. You might now
understand the first of them; the fetching of multiple environment
variables that may or may not exist.
The second thing is the function call to gethostbyname(). If fed
invalid data, this call will throw an exception. So you need to either
put it in a try/catch or somehow pretend that you can know what
constitutes invalid data. One example of invalid data is your default
string. Another might be if one of those environment variables exists,
but isn't reasonable. And a third might be if the domain server
temporarily refuses to recognize a valid hostname.
I'd say you need to put the gethostbyname() in a try/catch, and then
supply some reasonable bogus string for host. Only you will know what
to use there; depending on what you're going to use it for.
ipval = (os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR', Please throw a gaierror exception)
try:
host = socket.gethostbyaddr(ipval) [0]
except socket.gaierror as exc;
host = Unknown host
I don't know the gethostbyaddr(), so i don't know if there are other
exceptions you should also try to catch.
Indeed this logic you follow is hethe best i have seen so far.
But actually i have 2 variables that relay on a proper ip address.
ipval = ( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR', UnKnown Origin) )
try:
gi = pygeoip.GeoIP('/usr/local/share/GeoIPCity.dat')
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( ipval )
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( ipval ) [0]
except socket.gaierror as e:
city = host = UnKnown Origin
But then what if in case of an error i needed different string set to be
assigned on city and host respectively?
As i ahve it know in case of n address related error i get the smae
sting for both of them.
--
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Re: Convert namedtuple to dictionary
Hi MRAB, Thanks. Learning a lot thanks to you guys. I should have mentioned that the data is dynamic, in the sense that 'brucelee' could be 'jackiechan' , the number of named tuples - i.e., 'brucelee(…)', could change as well, the next time data is pulled in. The format of the data would however remain the same. I am using @Tim Chase's solution for now. Your solution will also work but I think I'll need to create a fn to pull out the n values as in: n = brucelee(x=123, y=321) Thanks, Virendra -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Convert namedtuple to dictionary
Hi Ned, Thanks. Wouldn't I have to first create a function to pull out the 'dictdict' from the data? I assume 'dictdict' refers to the 'brucelee' named tuple in the example. That's where I was getting stuck-trying to pull out the named tuples from the dict and operate on it. Thanks, Virendra -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Convert namedtuple to dictionary
On 2013-09-26 16:42, Virendra Tripathi wrote: Thx Tim. Your solution works. After Steven's reply, I recommend dict((k,v._asdict()) for k,v in d.iteritems()) which simplifies matters. -tkc -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Convert namedtuple to dictionary
On 9/26/13 1:17 PM, Virendra Tripathi wrote:
Hi Ned,
Thanks. Wouldn't I have to first create a function to pull out the 'dictdict'
from the data? I assume 'dictdict' refers to the 'brucelee' named tuple in the
example. That's where I was getting stuck-trying to pull out the named tuples
from the dict and operate on it.
I assumed you already had the data you showed. This is tupledict:
{'a': brucelee(x=123, y=321), 'b': brucelee('x'=123, 'y'=321)
Given that, you create dictdict with the line I showed:
dictdict = { k: nt._asdict() for k, nt in tupledict }
Thanks,
Virendra
--
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Re: Download all youtube favorites with youtube-dl script
Joel Goldstick wrote: On Thu, Sep 26, 2013 at 11:13 AM, Bill b...@bill.com mailto:b...@bill.com wrote: I have been using the script youtube-dl http://rg3.github.io/youtube-__dl/ http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/ And I was wondering if there is a way to download all of a user's favorites or uploads. The script has a functionality to download all videos in a txt file. So if there is a way using the youtube API or JSON (none of which I am familiar with) to bring up a list of all these videos then it'd be a simple case putting these urls into a file. The problem is youtube displays favorites or user uploads in pages or infinite scroll. So it is difficult to access them by the BeautifulSoup module. What do you suggest? -- https://mail.python.org/__mailman/listinfo/python-list https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Have you looked at the youtube API? That would be better than screen scraping. https://developers.google.com/youtube/getting_started -- Joel Goldstick http://joelgoldstick.com I remember looking at this a while ago. These are the relevant sections of the API: https://developers.google.com/youtube/2.0/developers_guide_protocol?hl=en#User_Uploaded_Videos https://developers.google.com/youtube/2.0/developers_guide_protocol?hl=en#Favorite_Videos The problem with the API is that with both of these, it only brings up 25 videos e.g. https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/scooby1961/uploads Unless I'm missing something? There must be a way to bring up all of them on one page right? Or at least cycle through the rest of them. Same problem with favorties: https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/adambuxton/favorites/ -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Download all youtube favorites with youtube-dl script
On 26/09/2013 19:14, Bill wrote: Joel Goldstick wrote: On Thu, Sep 26, 2013 at 11:13 AM, Bill b...@bill.com mailto:b...@bill.com wrote: I have been using the script youtube-dl http://rg3.github.io/youtube-__dl/ http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/ And I was wondering if there is a way to download all of a user's favorites or uploads. The script has a functionality to download all videos in a txt file. So if there is a way using the youtube API or JSON (none of which I am familiar with) to bring up a list of all these videos then it'd be a simple case putting these urls into a file. The problem is youtube displays favorites or user uploads in pages or infinite scroll. So it is difficult to access them by the BeautifulSoup module. What do you suggest? -- https://mail.python.org/__mailman/listinfo/python-list https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Have you looked at the youtube API? That would be better than screen scraping. https://developers.google.com/youtube/getting_started -- Joel Goldstick http://joelgoldstick.com I remember looking at this a while ago. These are the relevant sections of the API: https://developers.google.com/youtube/2.0/developers_guide_protocol?hl=en#User_Uploaded_Videos https://developers.google.com/youtube/2.0/developers_guide_protocol?hl=en#Favorite_Videos The problem with the API is that with both of these, it only brings up 25 videos e.g. https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/scooby1961/uploads Unless I'm missing something? There must be a way to bring up all of them on one page right? Or at least cycle through the rest of them. You _are_ missing something. That section of #User_Uploaded_Videos mentions the parameters start-index and max-results. Same problem with favorties: https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/adambuxton/favorites/ -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newline interpretation issue with MIMEApplication with binary data, Python 3.3.2
Nils Bunger nilsbun...@gmail.com writes: Hi Neil, Thanks for looking at this. I'm trying to create a multipart MIME for an HTTP POST request, not an email. This is for a third-party API that requires a multipart POST with a binary file, so I don't have the option to just use a different encoding. Multipart HTTP is standardized in HTTP 1.0 and supports binary parts. Also, no one will re-interpret contents of HTTP on the wire, as binary is quite normal in HTTP. The issue seems to be some parts of the python MIME encoder still assume it's for email only, where everything would be b64 encoded. Maybe I have to roll my own to create a multipart msg with a binary file? I was hoping to avoid that. The email MIME stuff is not really adapted for HTTP. I would advise to use the Requests package (http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/) or the Uploading Files part from Doug Hellmann's page (http://doughellmann.com/2009/07/pymotw-urllib2-library-for-opening-urls.html). This is for Python2; I can send you a Python3 version if you want. -- Piet van Oostrum p...@vanoostrum.org WWW: http://pietvanoostrum.com/ PGP key: [8DAE142BE17999C4] -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Convert namedtuple to dictionary
On 9/26/13 1:42 PM, Ned Batchelder wrote:
On 9/26/13 1:17 PM, Virendra Tripathi wrote:
Hi Ned,
Thanks. Wouldn't I have to first create a function to pull out the
'dictdict' from the data? I assume 'dictdict' refers to the
'brucelee' named tuple in the example. That's where I was getting
stuck-trying to pull out the named tuples from the dict and operate
on it.
I assumed you already had the data you showed. This is tupledict:
{'a': brucelee(x=123, y=321), 'b': brucelee('x'=123, 'y'=321)
Given that, you create dictdict with the line I showed:
dictdict = { k: nt._asdict() for k, nt in tupledict }
Oops:
dictdict = { k: nt._asdict() for k, nt in tupledict.iteritems() }
(sorry!)
--Ned.
Thanks,
Virendra
--
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Re: Convert namedtuple to dictionary
Thanks guys! BTW, please ignore the follow-up question there. I had written a
script earlier which had a dict like:
{'a':[x=10, y=23,..], 'b': [x=10, y=23,…],…..}
I was thinking about that and therefore the error. Apologies.
--
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work develope matrix of difusive concentration
Good morning all thanks for your help. Now I`ve a question, if I need create a matrix, method of thomas, ghost nodes, etc.. for developed one aplicative for the ecuation of difusion in 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d. It`s better use phyton 3.3 or 2.7?, if the answer is phyton 3.3 that interpreter is similar to aptana o better, for start, and which, libraries are necesary for this, I think I need numpy, numba, math, mathexpretion, matiplot, but I don`t know which is the library similar to matlab. All best for you, nice day or nigth and nice week -- *Gracias, cordialmente, * * * * * *ING. YANETH ESCOLAR RAMBAL* *HAFI Engineering Consulting GmbH* *CEL: + 57 3166257245* *TEL: + 57 (1) 6508308* *TEL: ++43 5522 77924 0* *Fax: ++43 5522 74938* *Dir : Cll 72f no. 113-21 Torre 5 - 604 Bogotá Colombia* * Muehletorplatz 4-6, A-6800 Feldkirch, Austria* *www.hafi.cc/en/environ_en.htm* -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 19:58:02 +0300, Νίκος wrote: except socket.gaierror as e: city = host = UnKnown Origin But then what if in case of an error i needed different string set to be assigned on city and host respectively? Oh FFS Are you serious when you ask this? Simply change: except socket.gaierror as e: city = host = UnKnown Origin To: except socket.gaierror as e: city = Unknown City host = Unknown Host -- Denis McMahon, denismfmcma...@gmail.com -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On 26/9/2013 12:58, Νίκος wrote:
snip
But actually i have 2 variables that relay on a proper ip address.
ipval = ( os.environ.get('HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP') or
os.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR', UnKnown Origin) )
try:
gi = pygeoip.GeoIP('/usr/local/share/GeoIPCity.dat')
city = gi.time_zone_by_addr( ipval )
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( ipval ) [0]
except socket.gaierror as e:
city = host = UnKnown Origin
First concept: A try/except should wrap one conceptual calculation. In
this case, you have three. So if the host lookup fails, you'll
overwrite the city you already presumably figured out.
You also don't do anything about an exception that might occur
calculating gi. If one isn't possible, or if it's unrelated to the
other two, then that line should come OUT of the try-block.
What is city? The function name implies it's a time zone, which is
presumably a float, -12 x +12. If this is the case, then a string
is a lousy default value.
But then what if in case of an error i needed different string set to be
assigned on city and host respectively?
Nothing limits the except clause to a single line.
As i ahve it know in case of n address related error i get the smae
sting for both of them.
No idea what this is trying to say.
--
DaveA
--
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Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
Στις 26/9/2013 11:16 μμ, ο/η Denis McMahon έγραψε: On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 19:58:02 +0300, Νίκος wrote: except socket.gaierror as e: city = host = UnKnown Origin But then what if in case of an error i needed different string set to be assigned on city and host respectively? Oh FFS Are you serious when you ask this? Simply change: except socket.gaierror as e: city = host = UnKnown Origin To: except socket.gaierror as e: city = Unknown City host = Unknown Host Yes indeed that was an idiotic question made by me, but i was somehow feeling again that i should handle it in one-liner, avoid wanting to use 2 statements. I wonder if there is a way to assign the string Unknown Origin to the variable that failed in the try block to get a value. Can i describe that somehow inside the except block? I mean like: except socket.gaierror as e: what_ever_var_failed = Unknown Origin -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On 26/9/2013 18:14, Νίκος wrote: Στις 26/9/2013 11:16 μμ, ο/η Denis McMahon έγραψε: On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 19:58:02 +0300, Νίκος wrote: except socket.gaierror as e: city = host = UnKnown Origin But then what if in case of an error i needed different string set to be assigned on city and host respectively? Oh FFS Are you serious when you ask this? Simply change: except socket.gaierror as e: city = host = UnKnown Origin To: except socket.gaierror as e: city = Unknown City host = Unknown Host Yes indeed that was an idiotic question made by me, but i was somehow feeling again that i should handle it in one-liner, avoid wanting to use 2 statements. newlines are still cheap. And they can really help readability. I wonder if there is a way to assign the string Unknown Origin to the variable that failed in the try block to get a value. Can i describe that somehow inside the except block? I mean like: except socket.gaierror as e: what_ever_var_failed = Unknown Origin Simply assign the default values BEFORE the try block, and use pass as the except block. That still doesn't get around the inadvisability of putting those 3 lines in the try block. You still haven't dealt with the gt assignment and its possible exception. -- DaveA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Referrer key missing form os.environ dictionary?
On 2013-09-26, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote: On Fri, Sep 27, 2013 at 12:11 AM, Grant Edwards invalid@invalid.invalid wrote: On a Unix system when you invoke a program, you pass it four things: 1) A dictionary where keys/values are both strings [enviornment variables] 2) A list of strings [command line args] 3) A set of open file descriptors. 4) The current working directory. You can provide input values to the program through any of these. For interactive programs, 2 and 3 are the most convenient. Hrm, not sure about #3 for interactive programs, unless you specifically mean the three standard streams. Yes, that's what I mean: shell redirection/pipelines. Hooking stuff to stdin is pretty much the only example of this you'll ever see in the wild for input data: foo inputdata bar | foo foo EOF this is input data that is passed to program foo using file descriptor 0 EOF With most Unix shells, you should be able to set environment variables: PGUSER=fred PGPASSWORD=secret psql Yep, that's rather rarely used. The syntax/sematics for values passed that way is very limited compared to the syntax/semantics that can be used for command line arguments, so the latter is much more versatile. Not as convenient as #2, but far easier than passing an open file descriptor. Of course, passing file descriptors around is pretty easy programmatically, but when you say interactive I assume you're talking also about an interactive shell. I probably should have said stdin, but in theory you can pass data in via multiple file descriptors. Nobody does that except people cooking up obscure examples for advanced shell scripting guides... GUI interactions of course follow their own rules completely. In most systems, it's really easy to invoke an application with one argument, a file name; it's generally much harder to customize the arguments at the keyboard. OS/2 had a facility for doing that. You just put square brackets into the configured args and it'd turn it into a prompt: --foo=bar --mode=[Choose mode, 1-3:] %* You'd get a nice little popup with the prompt you specified, and whatever you type gets put into the args. Haven't seen that in any other system - at least, not as conveniently. -- Grant Edwards grant.b.edwardsYow! I request a weekend in at Havana with Phil Silvers! gmail.com -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Handling 3 operands in an expression without raising an exception
On 26/09/2013 6:39 PM, Νίκος wrote: You dont have to be ironic. I dont have the experience you do. This is bulshytt. You only just a few days ago started a thread in which handling lookups in dictionaries with potentially non-existent keys was dealt with. At length. And now you're restructuring pretty much the exact same question to troll the list. Again. You're either not reading what people are saying, not trying to understand things by working with simpler examples at the interpreter, or just flat out lying. In any case, you're not acting in good faith. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: work develope matrix of difusive concentration
On Friday, September 27, 2013 12:43:51 AM UTC+5:30, D.YAN ESCOLAR RAMBAL wrote: Good morning all thanks for your help. Now I`ve a question, if I need create a matrix, method of thomas, ghost nodes, etc.. for developed one aplicative for the ecuation of difusion in 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d. It`s better use phyton 3.3 or 2.7?, if the answer is phyton 3.3 that interpreter is similar to aptana o better, for start, and which, libraries are necesary for this, I think I need numpy, numba, math, mathexpretion, matiplot, but I don`t know which is the library similar to matlab. Sage?? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_%28mathematics_software%29 [I dont know this area myself] -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Nosetests
Initially I was shown pexpect, leaving that there, Can i make up 5 tests? I
tried tests two different ways and no luck. What am I supposed to be writing up
when I do a test and is there a particular way I can/should be referencing it
back to its main file?
THis is what I have for the test_guess.py
from unittest import TestCase
import pexpect as pe
import guess as g
import random
random_number = random.randrange(1, 10)
correct = False
class GuessTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.intro = 'I have chosen a number from 1-10'
self.request = 'Guess a number: '
self.responseHigh = That's too high.
self.responseLow = That's too low.
self.responseCorrect = That's right!
self.goodbye = 'Goodbye and thanks for playing!'
def test_main(self):
#cannot execute main now because it will
#require user input
from guess import main
def test_guessing_hi_low_4(self):
# Conversation assuming number is 4
child = pe.spawn('python guess.py')
child.expect(self.intro,timeout=5)
child.expect(self.request,timeout=5)
child.sendline('5')
child.expect(self.responseHigh,timeout=5)
child.sendline('3')
child.expect(self.responseLow,timeout=5)
child.sendline('4')
child.expect(self.responseCorrect,timeout=5)
child.expect(self.goodbye,timeout=5)
def __init__(self):
self.number = random.randint(0,10)
HIGH = 1
LOW = 2
OK = 3
def guess(self, number):
if number self.number:
return self.HIGH
if number self.number:
return self.LOW
return self.OK
def test_guesstoolow(self):
while not correct:
guess = input(What could it be?)
if guess == random_number:
print Congrats You Got It
correct = True
elif guess random_number:
print To High
elif guess random_number:
print To Low
else:
print Try Again
and the guess.py file is
intro = 'I have chosen a number from 1-10'
request = 'Guess a number: '
responseHigh = That's too high.
responseLow = That's too low.
responseCorrect = That's right!
goodbye = 'Goodbye and thanks for playing!'
def main():
print(intro)
user_input = raw_input(request)
print(responseHigh)
print(request)
user_input = raw_input(request)
print(responseLow)
user_input = raw_input(request)
print(responseCorrect)
print(goodbye)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
On Wednesday, September 25, 2013 11:48:59 PM UTC-4, Roy Smith wrote:
In article
wrote:
Not sure How to proceed on with writing a few more tests with if statement
to
test if the value is low or high. I was told to try a command line switch
like optparse to pass the number but not sure how to do that either.
One thing I would recommend is refactoring your game to keep the game
logic distinct from the I/O.
If I was designing this, I would have some sort of game engine class,
which stores all the state for a game. I imagine the first thing you
need to do is pick a random number and remember it. Then, you'll need a
function to take a guess and tell you if it's too high, too low, or
correct. Something like:
class NumberGuessingGame:
def __init__(self):
self.number = random.randint(0, 10)
HIGH = 1
LOW = 2
OK = 3
def guess(self, number):
if number self.number:
return self.HIGH
if number self.number:
return self.LOW
return self.OK
Now you've got something that's easy to test without all this pexpect
crud getting in the way. Then, your game application can create an
instance of NumberGuessingGame and wrap the required I/O operations
around that.
I'd also probably add some way to bypass the random number generator and
set the number you're trying to guess directly. This will make it a lot
easier to test edge cases.
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Nosetests
In article b428f41a-cad9-4223-87a2-9cc602681...@googlegroups.com,
melw...@gmail.com wrote:
Initially I was shown pexpect, leaving that there, Can i make up 5 tests? I
tried tests two different ways and no luck. What am I supposed to be writing
up when I do a test and is there a particular way I can/should be referencing
it back to its main file?
I'm not sure I understand your question. Are you asking:
Q1: What tests should I be writing?
or
Q2: Once I know what I want to test, how do I implement those tests?
I'm guessing Q1, so that's what I'm going to base the rest of this post
on. Before you cat write a test, you have to understand what your code
is supposed to do. So, for example, let's say the specification for
your program runs something like this:
When you run the program, it will print, I have chosen a number from
1-10, and then it will print, Guess a number: . It will then wait
for input. When you type an integer, it will print either, That's too
high., That's too low., or That's right!.
Now, let's look at one of your tests:
def test_guessing_hi_low_4(self):
# Conversation assuming number is 4
child = pe.spawn('python guess.py')
child.expect(self.intro,timeout=5)
child.expect(self.request,timeout=5)
child.sendline('5')
child.expect(self.responseHigh,timeout=5)
child.sendline('3')
child.expect(self.responseLow,timeout=5)
child.sendline('4')
child.expect(self.responseCorrect,timeout=5)
child.expect(self.goodbye,timeout=5)
It looks pretty reasonable up to the point where you do:
child.sendline('5')
child.expect(self.responseHigh,timeout=5)
The problem is, you don't know what number it picked, so you can't
predict what response it will have to an input of 5. This goes back to
what I was saying earlier. You need some way to set the game to a known
state, so you can test its responses, in that state, to various inputs.
If you're going to stick with the pexpect interface, then maybe you need
a command line argument to override the random number generator and set
the game to a specific number. So, you can run:
$ python guess.py --test 4
and now you know the number it has picked is 4. If you send it 5, it
should tell you too high. If you send it 3, it should tell you too low.
And so on.
This is standard procedure in all kinds of testing. You need some way
to set the system being tested to a known state. Then (and only then)
can you apply various inputs and observe what outputs you get. This is
true of hardware was well. Integrated circuits often have a test
mode, where you can set the internal state of the chip to some known
configuration before you perform a test.
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Nosetests
The question was more like what tests should I be writing, fine if I remove the
pexpect test I tried the test_guess test_guesstoolow and still unable to get
it to work. So if i Want to ask for a number and typed a number which is at
random indicated by the top of the code, how do I proceed on with my tests?
On Thursday, September 26, 2013 9:16:32 PM UTC-4, Roy Smith wrote:
In article ,
wrote:
Initially I was shown pexpect, leaving that there, Can i make up 5 tests? I
tried tests two different ways and no luck. What am I supposed to be
writing
up when I do a test and is there a particular way I can/should be
referencing
it back to its main file?
I'm not sure I understand your question. Are you asking:
Q1: What tests should I be writing?
or
Q2: Once I know what I want to test, how do I implement those tests?
I'm guessing Q1, so that's what I'm going to base the rest of this post
on. Before you cat write a test, you have to understand what your code
is supposed to do. So, for example, let's say the specification for
your program runs something like this:
When you run the program, it will print, I have chosen a number from
1-10, and then it will print, Guess a number: . It will then wait
for input. When you type an integer, it will print either, That's too
high., That's too low., or That's right!.
Now, let's look at one of your tests:
def test_guessing_hi_low_4(self):
# Conversation assuming number is 4
child = pe.spawn('python guess.py')
child.expect(self.intro,timeout=5)
child.expect(self.request,timeout=5)
child.sendline('5')
child.expect(self.responseHigh,timeout=5)
child.sendline('3')
child.expect(self.responseLow,timeout=5)
child.sendline('4')
child.expect(self.responseCorrect,timeout=5)
child.expect(self.goodbye,timeout=5)
It looks pretty reasonable up to the point where you do:
child.sendline('5')
child.expect(self.responseHigh,timeout=5)
The problem is, you don't know what number it picked, so you can't
predict what response it will have to an input of 5. This goes back to
what I was saying earlier. You need some way to set the game to a known
state, so you can test its responses, in that state, to various inputs.
If you're going to stick with the pexpect interface, then maybe you need
a command line argument to override the random number generator and set
the game to a specific number. So, you can run:
$ python guess.py --test 4
and now you know the number it has picked is 4. If you send it 5, it
should tell you too high. If you send it 3, it should tell you too low.
And so on.
This is standard procedure in all kinds of testing. You need some way
to set the system being tested to a known state. Then (and only then)
can you apply various inputs and observe what outputs you get. This is
true of hardware was well. Integrated circuits often have a test
mode, where you can set the internal state of the chip to some known
configuration before you perform a test.
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Nosetests
I modified the guess.py file but am unable to run it, how do I go about
writing tests for this.
import random
guessesTaken = 0
number = random.randint(1, 10)
intro = 'I have chosen a number from 1-10'
request = 'Guess a number: '
responseHigh = That's too high.
responseLow = That's too low.
responseCorrect = That's right!
goodbye = 'Goodbye and thanks for playing!'
print(intro)
def main():
while guessesTaken 5:
print(request)
guess = input()
guess = int(guess)
guessesTaken = guessesTaken + 1
if guess number:
print(responseLow)
if guess number:
print(responseHigh)
if guess == number:
break
if guess == number:
guessesTaken = str(guessesTaken)
print(responseCorrect + '! You guessed my number in ' +
guessesTaken + ' guesses!')
if guess != number:
number = str(number)
print(goodbye + ' The number I was thinking of was ' + number)
##def main():
#print(intro)
# user_input = raw_input(request)
# print(responseHigh)
# print(request)
# user_input = raw_input(request)
# print(responseLow)
# user_input = raw_input(request)
# print(responseCorrect)
# print(goodbye)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
On Thursday, September 26, 2013 9:37:39 PM UTC-4, wrote:
The question was more like what tests should I be writing, fine if I remove
the pexpect test I tried the test_guess test_guesstoolow and still unable
to get it to work. So if i Want to ask for a number and typed a number which
is at random indicated by the top of the code, how do I proceed on with my
tests?
On Thursday, September 26, 2013 9:16:32 PM UTC-4, Roy Smith wrote:
In article ,
wrote:
Initially I was shown pexpect, leaving that there, Can i make up 5 tests?
I
tried tests two different ways and no luck. What am I supposed to be
writing
up when I do a test and is there a particular way I can/should be
referencing
it back to its main file?
I'm not sure I understand your question. Are you asking:
Q1: What tests should I be writing?
or
Q2: Once I know what I want to test, how do I implement those tests?
I'm guessing Q1, so that's what I'm going to base the rest of this post
on. Before you cat write a test, you have to understand what your code
is supposed to do. So, for example, let's say the specification for
your program runs something like this:
When you run the program, it will print, I have chosen a number from
1-10, and then it will print, Guess a number: . It will then wait
for input. When you type an integer, it will print either, That's too
high., That's too low., or That's right!.
Now, let's look at one of your tests:
def test_guessing_hi_low_4(self):
# Conversation assuming number is 4
child = pe.spawn('python guess.py')
child.expect(self.intro,timeout=5)
child.expect(self.request,timeout=5)
child.sendline('5')
child.expect(self.responseHigh,timeout=5)
child.sendline('3')
child.expect(self.responseLow,timeout=5)
child.sendline('4')
child.expect(self.responseCorrect,timeout=5)
child.expect(self.goodbye,timeout=5)
It looks pretty reasonable up to the point where you do:
child.sendline('5')
child.expect(self.responseHigh,timeout=5)
The problem is, you don't know what number it picked, so you can't
predict what response it will have to an input of 5. This goes back to
what I was saying earlier. You need some way to set the game to a known
state, so you can test its responses, in that state, to various inputs.
If you're going to stick with the pexpect interface, then maybe you need
a command line argument to override the random number generator and set
the game to a specific number. So, you can run:
$ python guess.py --test 4
and now you know the number it has picked is 4. If you send it 5, it
should tell you too high. If you send it 3, it should tell you too low.
And so on.
This is standard procedure in all kinds of testing. You need some way
to set the system being tested to a known state. Then (and only then)
can you apply various inputs and observe what outputs you get. This is
true of hardware was well. Integrated circuits often have a test
mode, where you can set the internal
Re: Nosetests
On Thu, 26 Sep 2013 21:20:52 -0700, melwin9 wrote: I modified the guess.py file but am unable to run it, What does that mean? How do you try to run it? What happens when you do? -- Steven -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[issue19092] ExitStack.__exit__ incorrectly suppresses exceptions in __exit__ callbacks of inner context managers
Hrvoje Nikšić added the comment: Nick, thanks for the review. Do you need me to write the patch for the test suite along with the original patch? -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19092 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19092] ExitStack.__exit__ incorrectly suppresses exceptions in __exit__ callbacks of inner context managers
Nick Coghlan added the comment: That would be very helpful! -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19092 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19087] bytearray front-slicing not optimized
STINNER Victor added the comment: Mercurial has another implementation strategy for a similar thing: http://selenic.com/repo/hg/file/50d721553198/mercurial/util.py#l935 I found an interesting comment in the following issue: I think the trouble we get into is chunkbuffer() creates new large strings by concatenation and causes memory fragmentation. Keeping a list of chunks might be more efficient. http://bz.selenic.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1842#c17 @Antoine: Do you know if your patch may reduce the memory fragmentation on bytearray front-slicing? -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19087 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19087] bytearray front-slicing not optimized
Antoine Pitrou added the comment: @Antoine: Do you know if your patch may reduce the memory fragmentation on bytearray front-slicing? It reduces the number of allocations so, yes, it can reduce memory fragmentation. We cannot really use a list of chunks for bytearray since it is supposed to be usable as a contiguous buffer (using the buffer API). -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19087 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19094] urljoin should raise a TypeError if URL is not a string
Changes by Berker Peksag berker.pek...@gmail.com: -- nosy: +berker.peksag ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19094 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19095] Document SSLSocket.getpeercert always returns None without do_handshake
Antoine Pitrou added the comment: To be honest I'd rather have it raise an exception in that case. None isn't helpful as it could mean other things. -- nosy: +christian.heimes, giampaolo.rodola, janssen, pitrou ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19095 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19083] IDNA prefix should be case insensitive
Changes by Antoine Pitrou pit...@free.fr: -- nosy: +haypo, loewis ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19083 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19096] multiprocessing.Pool._terminate_pool restarts workers during shutdown
New submission from Edward Catmur:
There is a race condition in multiprocessing.Pool._terminate_pool that can
result in workers being restarted during shutdown (process shutdown or
pool.terminate()).
worker_handler._state = TERMINATE# race from here
task_handler._state = TERMINATE
debug('helping task handler/workers to finish')
cls._help_stuff_finish(inqueue, task_handler, len(pool))
assert result_handler.is_alive() or len(cache) == 0
result_handler._state = TERMINATE
outqueue.put(None) # sentinel
# We must wait for the worker handler to exit before terminating
# workers because we don't want workers to be restarted behind our back.
debug('joining worker handler')
worker_handler.join()# ~ race to here
At any point between setting worker_handler._state = TERMINATE and joining the
worker handler, if the intervening code causes a worker to exit then it is
possible for the worker handler to fail to notice that it has been shutdown and
so attempt to restart the worker:
@staticmethod
def _handle_workers(pool):
thread = threading.current_thread()
# Keep maintaining workers until the cache gets drained, unless the pool
# is terminated.
while thread._state == RUN or (pool._cache and thread._state !=
TERMINATE):
# ~~ race here
pool._maintain_pool()
time.sleep(0.1)
# send sentinel to stop workers
pool._taskqueue.put(None)
util.debug('worker handler exiting')
We noticed this initially because in the absence of the fix to #14881 a
ThreadPool trying to restart a worker fails and hangs the process. In the
presence of the fix to #14881 there is no immediate issue, but trying to
restart a worker process/thread on pool shutdown is clearly unwanted and could
result in bad things happening e.g. at process shutdown.
To trigger the race with ThreadPool, it is enough just to pause the
_handle_workers thread after checking its state and before calling
_maintain_pool:
import multiprocessing.pool
import time
class ThreadPool(multiprocessing.pool.ThreadPool):
def _maintain_pool(self):
time.sleep(1)
super(ThreadPool, self)._maintain_pool()
def _repopulate_pool(self):
assert self._state == multiprocessing.pool.RUN
super(ThreadPool, self)._repopulate_pool()
pool = ThreadPool(4)
pool.map(lambda x: x, range(5))
pool.terminate()
pool.join()
Exception in thread Thread-5:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File .../cpython/Lib/threading.py, line 657, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File .../cpython/Lib/threading.py, line 605, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File .../cpython/Lib/multiprocessing/pool.py, line 358, in _handle_workers
pool._maintain_pool()
File .../bug.py, line 6, in _maintain_pool
super(ThreadPool, self)._maintain_pool()
File .../cpython/Lib/multiprocessing/pool.py, line 232, in _maintain_pool
self._repopulate_pool()
File .../bug.py, line 8, in _repopulate_pool
assert self._state == multiprocessing.pool.RUN
AssertionError
In this case, the race occurs when ThreadPool._help_stuff_finish puts sentinels
on inqueue to make the workers finish.
It is also possible to trigger the bug with multiprocessing.pool.Pool:
import multiprocessing.pool
import time
class Pool(multiprocessing.pool.Pool):
def _maintain_pool(self):
time.sleep(2)
super(Pool, self)._maintain_pool()
def _repopulate_pool(self):
assert self._state == multiprocessing.pool.RUN
super(Pool, self)._repopulate_pool()
@staticmethod
def _handle_tasks(taskqueue, put, outqueue, pool):
time.sleep(1)
_real_handle_tasks(taskqueue, put, outqueue, pool)
_real_handle_tasks = multiprocessing.pool.Pool._handle_tasks
multiprocessing.pool.Pool._handle_tasks = Pool._handle_tasks
pool = Pool(4)
pool.map(str, range(10))
pool.map_async(str, range(10))
pool.terminate()
pool.join()
In this case, the race occurs when _handle_tasks checks thread._state, breaks
out of its first loop, and sends sentinels to the workers.
The terminate/join can be omitted, in which case the bug will occur at gc or
process shutdown when the pool's atexit handler runs. The bug is avoided if
terminate is replaced with close, and we are using this workaround.
--
components: Library (Lib)
messages: 198432
nosy: ecatmur
priority: normal
severity: normal
status: open
title: multiprocessing.Pool._terminate_pool restarts workers during shutdown
type: behavior
versions: Python 2.7, Python 3.5
___
Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org
http://bugs.python.org/issue19096
___
___
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[issue19096] multiprocessing.Pool._terminate_pool restarts workers during shutdown
Changes by Antoine Pitrou pit...@free.fr: -- nosy: +sbt ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19096 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19016] autospecced namedtuples should be truthy by default
Shawn Krisman added the comment: This fix is actually backwards compatible. This is a more powerful patch too because not only does it provide a better default for truthiness, but it also provides a better default for length. I also fixed a spelling mistake involving the word calculate. -- Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file31875/namedtuple_truthiness_2.patch ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19016 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19096] multiprocessing.Pool._terminate_pool restarts workers during shutdown
Edward Catmur added the comment: Suggested patch: https://bitbucket.org/ecatmur/cpython/compare/19096-multiprocessing-race..#diff Move the worker_handler.join() to immediately after setting the worker handler thread state to TERMINATE. This is a safe change as nothing in the moved-over code affects the worker handler thread, except by terminating workers which is precisely what we don't want to happen. In addition, this is near-equivalent behaviour to current close() + join(), which is well-tested. Also: write tests; and modify Pool.__init__ to refer to its static methods using self rather than class name, to make them overridable for testing purposes. -- hgrepos: +211 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19096 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19094] urljoin should raise a TypeError if URL is not a string
Vajrasky Kok added the comment: This is the preliminary patch to raise TypeError in that situation. -- keywords: +patch nosy: +vajrasky Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file31876/urljoin_throws_type_error.patch ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19094 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19095] Document SSLSocket.getpeercert always returns None without do_handshake
Dariusz Suchojad added the comment: None isn't helpful as it could mean other things. This is another story but yes, it's true. API-wise, None should be returned in one situation only - we're on server side, ca_certs is non-CERT_NONE, do_handshake has been called yet there is no client certificate. And no other checks should be applied. But the current behavior of returning None is documented and people depend on it so straightening it out would break backward compatibility - it's up to you to decide. I wouldn't mind it personally. But as far as this ticket goes - I'm on 2.7 and it's set in stone so for 2.7 - can you please change copy only? If you decide that for 3.x an exception will be raised then such a caveat would be included in 2.7 docs as well. Thanks again. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19095 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19083] IDNA prefix should be case insensitive
Martin v. Löwis added the comment: Pepijn: Can you please submit the contributor form? http://www.python.org/psf/contrib/contrib-form/ -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19083 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19083] IDNA prefix should be case insensitive
STINNER Victor added the comment: Could you also add a test using a IDNA domain not starting with XN--, but with XN-- in the middle? Example: self.assertEqual(str(bbugs.XN--pythn-mua.org., idna), bugs.pyth\xf6n.org.) And maybe also with mixed cases: Xn-- and xN-- prefixes. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19083 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue1185124] pydoc doesn't find all module doc strings
Sunny added the comment: Added patch for 2.7. Please review. -- Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file31877/pydoc_2.7.patch ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue1185124 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19087] bytearray front-slicing not optimized
STINNER Victor added the comment: Could you please add unit tests for check that ob_start is used instead of memmove()? I didn't find a function for that in _testcapi. I tried to test it using sys.getsizeof(), but the size is not reliable (the bytearray buffer is not always shrinked, it depends on the new size). The best is probably to add a new function in _testcapi to get private attributes: ob_exports, ob_alloc, ob_start, ob_bytes. Using these attributes, it becomes easy to check that fast-path are correctly optimized (eg. increases ob_start instead of getting a new ob_bytes buffer). -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19087 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19095] Document SSLSocket.getpeercert always returns None without do_handshake
Antoine Pitrou added the comment: But the current behavior of returning None is documented and people depend on it so straightening it out would break backward compatibility - it's up to you to decide. I wouldn't mind it personally. I'm not sure people depend on getpeercert() returning None before the handshake is done, or perhaps by accident? But as far as this ticket goes - I'm on 2.7 and it's set in stone so for 2.7 - can you please change copy only? If you decide that for 3.x an exception will be raised then such a caveat would be included in 2.7 docs as well. Yes, if we change behaviour it will only be in 3.4. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19095 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue19087] bytearray front-slicing not optimized
Antoine Pitrou added the comment: Could you please add unit tests for check that ob_start is used instead of memmove()? How would I do that? Most of the time we don't unit-test performance improvements (i.e. there are no tests that list.append() is O(1), for example). -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue19087 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
