MicroPython 1.3.7 released
Hello, MicroPython is a Python3 language implementation which scales down to run on microcontrollers with tens of Ks of RAM and few hundreds of Ks of code size. Besides microcontrollers, it's also useful for small embedded Linux systems, where storage space is limited, for embedding as a scripting engine into standalone applications, where quick startup time is needed, etc. http://micropython.org/ https://github.com/micropython/micropython It went several months since the original announcement of MicroPython 1.0 (https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2014-June/672994.html), there were number of releases in the meantime, but we were too busy implementing new features, so this announcement provides just high-level overview of changes: * Basic Unicode support added (thanks to Chris Angelico for driving the effort) * More functionality of standard types and functions are implemented (for example, MicroPython can run subset of http.client module functionality from CPython3 stdlib). * Highly optimized for code size implementations of important Python modules are added. There offer subset of functionality and prefixed with u. For example, ure, uheapq, uzlib, uhashlib, ubinascii are provided. * Lots of microcontroller hardware bindings added and generalized. Besides core interpreter, there's also good progress on modules and applications: * MicroPython standard library project, https://github.com/micropython/micropython-lib , an effort to port/develop as much as possible Python stdlib modules to MicroPython, has good progress, with few dozens of modules available on PyPI already (pip-micropython wrapper is provided to install them). * An asyncio subset implementation, dubbed uasyncio, is available and should be stable enough. * Proof of concept web microframework, picoweb, based on uasyncio is being developed: https://github.com/pfalcon/picoweb * Lots of other projects available on github. Reference implementation of MicroPython runs on a microcontroller board with 1Mb Flash and 128Kb RAM, which should offer good platform for people interested in microcontroller usage (more info: http://micropython.org/). MicroPython can also be easily built and supported on Linux, MacOSX, and Windows systems (more info: https://github.com/micropython/micropython) -- Best regards, Paul mailto:pmis...@gmail.com -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations/
ANN: Bokeh 0.7 released
On behalf of the Bokeh team, I am very happy to announce the release of Bokeh version 0.7! Bokeh is a Python library for visualizing large and realtime datasets on the web. Its goal is to provide to developers (and domain experts) with capabilities to easily create novel and powerful visualizations that extract insight from local or remote (possibly large) data sets, and to easily publish those visualization to the web for others to explore and interact with. This release includes many major new features: * IPython widgets and animations without a Bokeh server * Touch UI working for tools on mobile devices * Vastly improved linked data table * More new (and improving) bokeh.charts (high level charting interface) * Color mappers on the python side * Improved toolbar * Many new tools: lasso, poly, and point selection, crosshair inspector Check our blog post: http://continuum.io/blog/bokeh-0.7, to watch some of these tools in action! And you can also see the CHANGELOG for full details. We would like to mention that the Github Organization for Bokeh is growing! This organization was already home to bokeh-scala and bokeh.jl, and now the Bokeh project itself has a new home there as well, located at https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh. Anyone interested in developing new language bindings for Bokeh is encouraged to contact us about hosting your project under this organization. Also, the release of Bokeh 0.8 should happen in early 2015. Some notable features we intend to work on are: * Simplifying production and multi-user Bokeh server deployments * Colorbar axis and axis location inspectors * Better support for maps and projections As usual, don't forget to check out the full documentation, interactive gallery, and tutorial at http://bokeh.pydata.org as well as the Bokeh IPython notebook nbviewer index (including all the tutorials) at: http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/bokeh/bokeh-notebooks/blob/master/index.ipynb To install the latest release, if you are using Anaconda, you can install it with conda: conda install bokeh Alternatively, you can install it with pip: pip install bokeh BokehJS is also available by CDN for use in standalone Javascript applications: http://cdn.pydata.org/bokeh-0.7.0.min.js http://cdn.pydata.org/bokeh-0.7.0.min.css Finally, BokehJS is also installable with the Node Package Manager. Issues, enhancement requests, and pull requests can be made on the Bokeh Github page: https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh Questions can be directed to the Bokeh mailing list: bo...@continuum.io Thank you for your attention! Damián -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations/
SQLObject 1.7.0
Hello! I'm pleased to announce version 1.7.0, the first stable release of branch 1.7 of SQLObject. What's new in SQLObject === * Python 2.5 is no longer supported. The minimal supported version is Python 2.6. * DateTimeCol and TimeCol can read values with microseconds (created by SQLObject 2.0) but do not write microseconds back. * Upgrade ez_setup to 2.2. * Adapt duplicate error message strings for SQLite 3.8. * Allow unicode in .orderBy(u'-column'). * Fix a minor bug in MSSQLConnection: do not override callable server_version with a non-callable. Contributors for this release are Geoffrey Wossum, Neil Muller and Andrew Trusty. For a more complete list, please see the news: http://sqlobject.org/News.html What is SQLObject = SQLObject is an object-relational mapper. Your database tables are described as classes, and rows are instances of those classes. SQLObject is meant to be easy to use and quick to get started with. SQLObject supports a number of backends: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase, MSSQL and MaxDB (also known as SAPDB). Where is SQLObject == Site: http://sqlobject.org Development: http://sqlobject.org/devel/ Mailing list: https://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/sqlobject-discuss Archives: http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.sqlobject Download: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/SQLObject/1.7.0 News and changes: http://sqlobject.org/News.html Oleg. -- Oleg Broytmanhttp://phdru.name/p...@phdru.name Programmers don't die, they just GOSUB without RETURN. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations/
Re: module import questions and question about pytest and module imports
Thanks for getting back with me! On Sun, Dec 7, 2014 at 11:26 AM, Dave Angel da...@davea.name wrote: On 12/05/2014 11:50 PM, sam pendleton wrote: garage/ |- __init__.py |- cars/ |- __init__.py |- hummer.py tests/ |- test_cars.py at the top of test_cars.py, there is this: from garage.cars import hummer pytest is on this import statement, so i guess it's incorrect. No idea what that statement is trying to say. Sorry Dave, I was saying that pytest is hung up there stating it can't import that module. If you're going to import something, it either has to be on the sys.path, or in the current directory. Is garage/ on your sys.path? You can examine sys.path by import sys print(sys.path) Having to put the garage package on the sys.path seems a little off, why wouldn't relative imports work? Do most people somehow put their packages in sys.path when bundling their python packages up to be shared with setuptools or other python package managers? If so, how? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Iterables struggling using map() built-in
On Mon, 08 Dec 2014 11:35:36 +1100, Chris Angelico wrote: On Mon, Dec 8, 2014 at 11:27 AM, Roy Smith r...@panix.com wrote: Although, to be honest, I'm wondering if this is more straight-forward (also not tested): def myzip37(*args): if not args: return iters = list(map(iter, args)) Yes, I prefer this too. It's explicit and clear that passing no arguments will yield no values. The first version is explicit and clear too. I'm sorry to say this, but it is true: if you (generic you) don't recognise that while iters: ... skips the while block if iters is an empty list, then *you* have a problem, not the code. You're simply not fluent with the language. (Or you have a strange blind-spot, in which case you have my sympathy but that's your problem to deal with, not mine.) This is not an obscure corner of some rarely-used library that has a strange and weird API, it is a fundamental part of Python. I *guarantee* that there are people who will bitch and moan about your example too, and insist that the only right way to write it is to be explicit that an empty tuple is falsey: if not args == (): return and there will be some who are convinced that operator precedence is too implicit: if not (args == ()): # args != () is okay too return Dumbing down code is an anti-pattern, because there's always somebody just a little less fluent in the language who will complain that it isn't dumbed down enough. Sometimes we have this meme that if you can't take in code at a glance and instantly understand it, it's bad code. But that meme is untrue, and we all know that it is untrue: real world code is often hard to understand because it can't be any simpler. Try understanding the code for a web server, or code that calculates the square root of a number, or code for importing a module. Occasionally, very occasionally, we have a combination of programming language and algorithm which combines in such a way that you can actually implement a useful algorithm in a simple, elegant, minimalist way. As programmers, we all know how fecking rare this is: we start with an elegant five line function, and by the time we cover all the corners and fix the bugs it's twenty lines and you can't tell what it does any more without studying it for ten minutes. zip() is an exception, you can write zip() in Python beautifully. It breaks my heart that there are people who think that it is improved by adding unnecessary guard clauses to it. -- Steven -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Iterables struggling using map() built-in
On Mon, Dec 8, 2014 at 8:40 PM, Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info wrote: The first version is explicit and clear too. I'm sorry to say this, but it is true: if you (generic you) don't recognise that while iters: ... skips the while block if iters is an empty list, then *you* have a problem, not the code. Of course it skips the body if iters starts out empty. The argument is whether or not it makes sense to use this to mean if iters: while True: because iters will never be changed. Is it abusing syntax or a valid way to spell that condition? ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Reasons for source code line length limits (was: Maintaining Maximum Line Length When Using Tabs Instead of Spaces?)
On Sunday 07 December 2014 23:44:40 Ben Finney did opine And Gene did reply: jtan ad...@grails.asia writes: One reason why you would want max length 79 is because of working with terminals. That reason is decreasingly relevant as terminals become virtual, in a display window that can be much larger if we choose. Much more relevant is the ability to have two or even three code windows side-by-side, for comparison during a merge operation. For this purpose, a 75–80 column limit is a great help. But regardless of display technology, the biggest reason to stick to a limit like 80 or less is: reader technology. The ability for humans to comprehend long lines of text is poor, and there *is* a cognitive point beyond which it's not helpful to have longer lines. That line-length limit is different for different people, and many readers (and especially code writers) will fool themselves that they can read longer lines while unknowingly harming their comprehension. But for sure, it remains relatively constant across generations of humans, no matter how the display capacity increases. This last point about line length vs comprehension, I am glad you mentioned, Ben. I still work in assembler on smaller, narrower bus machines, and I find that the one operation on data per line of source is a great help in tracking what the code is doing, The biggest problem with that is that most assemblers format the output listing so the comments column starts at column 40 or so. This 80 column limit, purely arbitrary, often results in the printout listing being clipped off, or is line wrapped by the printer driver, severely reducing the value of the comment when you want to revisit that code later for some reason. For that reason, I generally do my assembler listing printouts with the -olandscape switch in effect. Even in the gcode I write (I have some cnc mill and lathe machines) is usually wide enough that the landscape mode for the paper copy is used. Now if one could buy 3 ring binders for landscape printouts. But ask for those at Staples and you, like the sign says, get the dumb looks for free. :( Some languages need character wasting wrappers around the variable names used, and in gcode that is a 3 or 4 character wrapper dependent on whether its to be local to the subroutine, or is globally visible from anyplace in the program. Gcode itself hasn't a line length limit that matters, 32k IIRC, but I still like to limit data manipulations to 5 additions and maybe a couple of mul's per line. However for me, that has comprehension problems for the exact reason that it winds up doing far more data manipulation per line, so I will often use a local variable, with one manipulation per line, a heck of a lot easier to understand even 2 weeks later as my short term memory isn't as good as the years go by, and there are now 80 of them. So it is a valid concern Ben, thanks for mentioning it. I have an intense dislike for folks who think they should build an empire state building in one line of code. Cheers, Gene Heskett -- There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order. -Ed Howdershelt (Author) Genes Web page http://geneslinuxbox.net:6309/gene US V Castleman, SCOTUS, Mar 2014 is grounds for Impeaching SCOTUS -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
MicroPython 1.3.7 released
Hello, MicroPython is a Python3 language implementation which scales down to run on microcontrollers with tens of Ks of RAM and few hundreds of Ks of code size. Besides microcontrollers, it's also useful for small embedded Linux systems, where storage space is limited, for embedding as a scripting engine into standalone applications, where quick startup time is needed, etc. http://micropython.org/ https://github.com/micropython/micropython It went several months since the original announcement of MicroPython 1.0 (https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2014-June/672994.html), there were number of releases in the meantime, but we were too busy implementing new features, so this announcement provides just high-level overview of changes: * Basic Unicode support added (thanks to Chris Angelico for driving the effort) * More functionality of standard types and functions are implemented (for example, MicroPython can run subset of http.client module functionality from CPython3 stdlib). * Highly optimized for code size implementations of important Python modules are added. There offer subset of functionality and prefixed with u. For example, ure, uheapq, uzlib, uhashlib, ubinascii are provided. * Lots of microcontroller hardware bindings added and generalized. Besides core interpreter, there's also good progress on modules and applications: * MicroPython standard library project, https://github.com/micropython/micropython-lib , an effort to port/develop as much as possible Python stdlib modules to MicroPython, has good progress, with few dozens of modules available on PyPI already (pip-micropython wrapper is provided to install them). * An asyncio subset implementation, dubbed uasyncio, is available and should be stable enough. * Proof of concept web microframework, picoweb, based on uasyncio is being developed: https://github.com/pfalcon/picoweb * Lots of other projects available on github. Reference implementation of MicroPython runs on a microcontroller board with 1Mb Flash and 128Kb RAM, which should offer good platform for people interested in microcontroller usage (more info: http://micropython.org/). MicroPython can also be easily built and supported on Linux, MacOSX, and Windows systems (more info: https://github.com/micropython/micropython) -- Best regards, Paul mailto:pmis...@gmail.com -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Maintaining Maximum Line Length When Using Tabs Instead of Spaces?
- Original Message - From: Aahan Krish kr...@aahan.me To: python-list@python.org Sent: Monday, 8 December, 2014 3:15:43 AM Subject: Maintaining Maximum Line Length When Using Tabs Instead of Spaces? My understanding from talking to different people is that many do use tabs (instead of spaces) for indentation in their code. My question is to them (because I want to use tabs too) is: how do you maintain a line-length of 79 characters? E.g. scenario: The tab setting in your editor could be 2 or 4, and in other developer's browser it could be 8. The code will be longer than 79 chars in the latter's editor. I want to know if it's at all possible or if you use some simple and realistic (practical) hacks. *PS: Please avoid, That's why you should use spaces, type of comments. I would like to avoid flame wars.* TY, Aahan You simply need to define the standard width for you tab display. 4 is very common. Those in your team who want to use a different display (3 flowers for instance) can, but they'll have to deal with the 79 limit by themselves which can be tricky. Note that the 79 limit is a legacy value from the time where code was developed in 80 characters terminals with names not exceeding 8 characters (by convention). Given the number of monitors you have and their width, you may extend this limit. For instance, I can easily make a 3 files merge with 160 chars per line without problem. Considering the current state of most developer hardware, a limit around 100 char per line is most of the time a better choice. Remember that breaking a line of 81 characters often leads to readability issue for no (modern) reason. JM -- IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any medium. Thank you. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: module import questions and question about pytest and module imports
On 12/07/2014 11:50 AM, sam pendleton wrote: Thanks for getting back with me! On Sun, Dec 7, 2014 at 11:26 AM, Dave Angel da...@davea.name wrote: On 12/05/2014 11:50 PM, sam pendleton wrote: garage/ |- __init__.py |- cars/ |- __init__.py |- hummer.py tests/ |- test_cars.py at the top of test_cars.py, there is this: from garage.cars import hummer pytest is on this import statement, so i guess it's incorrect. No idea what that statement is trying to say. Sorry Dave, I was saying that pytest is hung up there stating it can't import that module. Why don't you just try running the module, and post the stacktrace when it gets an exception? I've never used pytest, and don't know why it would hang on any particular line. If you're going to import something, it either has to be on the sys.path, or in the current directory. Is garage/ on your sys.path? You can examine sys.path by import sys print(sys.path) Having to put the garage package on the sys.path seems a little off, why wouldn't relative imports work? Do most people somehow put their packages in sys.path when bundling their python packages up to be shared with setuptools or other python package managers? If so, how? When you get to the point of bulding a distribution, you'll be putting your packages in the dist_packages directory, which is on sys.path. However, generally your distribution utility will handle those details. In the meantime, you can set some environment variable to add locally to your sys.path. As for relative import versus other choices, that varies between Python 2.x and 3.x, and you haven't specified exactly what Python version you're running or what OS you're on. In Python 2.x, relative import was considered to be ambiguous, and people figured it had to change. You might want to read https://docs.python.org/2.5/whatsnew/pep-328.html -- -- DaveA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Nested dictionaries from a list ?
On 12/07/2014 06:52 PM, Denis McMahon wrote:
On Sun, 07 Dec 2014 12:01:26 -0500, Dave Angel wrote:
On 12/07/2014 11:18 AM, Wacky wrote:
I've a list of users
I haven't run this through the Python, so please forgive any typos.
users = [
mess = {
users is redundant, as it's mess.keys()
maintaining a separate list of users and having the users as the keys in
mess suggests redundancy, and the potential for errors if the two data
items get out of synch. Better imo to just have the data in one place.
Unless there's an order that wants to be retained. But I would change
the list into a list of user objects, rather than of strings. And I'd
know that eventually it would be a sparse list (as users come and go,
and you don't want to reuse the indices). So it would be another
dictionary mapping userid and User instance.
--
DaveA
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: module import questions and question about pytest and module imports
- Original Message - From: sam pendleton samp4...@gmail.com Having to put the garage package on the sys.path seems a little off, why wouldn't relative imports work? Do most people somehow put their packages in sys.path when bundling their python packages up to be shared with setuptools or other python package managers? If so, how? If it feels more natural to you, you can also update the env variable PYTHONPATH and add the path to your dev package. That way you don't need to add python code. But if you plan to distribute your package with setuptools, the solution would probably be to install your package before testing it (and probably use virtualenv). JM -- IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any medium. Thank you. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
My vps ip is x.y.z.w ,i want to download /etc/passwd from linux server into my local window disk c: . import paramiko host = x.y.z.w port = 22 transport = paramiko.Transport((host, port)) password = mykey username = root transport.connect(username = username, password = password) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) filepath = '/etc/passwd' localpath = 'c:' sftp.get(filepath, localpath) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module File D:\Python34\lib\site-packages\paramiko\sftp_client.py, line 719, in get with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
On 9-12-2014 09:14, pengsir wrote: My vps ip is x.y.z.w ,i want to download /etc/passwd from linux server into my local window disk c: . import paramiko host = x.y.z.w port = 22 transport = paramiko.Transport((host, port)) password = mykey username = root transport.connect(username = username, password = password) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) filepath = '/etc/passwd' localpath = 'c:' sftp.get(filepath, localpath) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module File D:\Python34\lib\site-packages\paramiko\sftp_client.py, line 719, in get with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' You, 'root', does not have enoug permission to do it C:\temp\util\Putty\pscp root@opensuse:/etc/passwd . Using keyboard-interactive authentication. Password: Access denied -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: localization virt-manager
пятница, 28 ноября 2014 г., 16:42:40 UTC+3 пользователь Akira Li написал: Беляев Игорь belyaevigo...@yandex.ru writes: I can't install localization for Virt-manager (virt-manager launched on python2.7 (Windows XP)). virt-manager is a GUI for KVM, Xen, LXC virtual machines. It is a Linux application. I understand that virt-manager is a Linux application. But I ran virt-manager on Windows. How do I correctly install location? Do you mean *locale*? Under *locale* I understand localization. Not translated strings from *.ui files. The problem lies in the localization. How can I change the value of the environment variable LANG? On Windows, you could use *setx* command to set an environment variable. LANG envvar defines a default value for LC_* envvars on POSIX systems [1] that define application's locale (after setlocale() call) e.g., in bash: $ LANG=en_US.UTF-8 some-program I don't know whether LANG has any meaning on Windows. [1] http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xbd/envvar.html -- Akira -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[newbie] how to make program suggest to install missing modules
I'd like to add the following to a python-program: when a module (take rtlsdr as an example) is not installed on the system I'd like to ask the program something like: module rtlsdr is missing, shall I install it? y or n if n --sorry but then I can't run this program and quit program if y --execute this command: os.system(sudo pip install pyrtlsdr) continue program can anyone here show me how to perform this properly? thanks in advance hugo -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' I remember gloomily (haven't used windows since ages) that newer Windows versions don't like users to write directly to C:. Have you tried to save the file to your Documents folder? Regards, Alba -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
On 8-12-2014 18:37, ishish wrote: with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' I remember gloomily (haven't used windows since ages) that newer Windows versions don't like users to write directly to C:. Have you tried to save the file to your Documents folder? Regards, Alba no, it's the ssh-server denying a log on from 'root' -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
On Tue, Dec 9, 2014 at 5:11 AM, Luuk luu...@gmail.com wrote: On 8-12-2014 18:37, ishish wrote: with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' I remember gloomily (haven't used windows since ages) that newer Windows versions don't like users to write directly to C:. Have you tried to save the file to your Documents folder? Regards, Alba no, it's the ssh-server denying a log on from 'root' It looks to me more like an issue with path naming. Try 'c:/' instead of 'c:', or use '/' to mean the root directory of the current drive. Alternatively, do a web search for the problem and the symptoms, as you're unlikely to be the first person to have run into this. ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [newbie] how to make program suggest to install missing modules
On Monday, December 8, 2014 9:44:50 AM UTC-8, hugocoolens wrote: I'd like to add the following to a python-program: when a module (take rtlsdr as an example) is not installed on the system I'd like to ask the program something like: module rtlsdr is missing, shall I install it? y or n if n --sorry but then I can't run this program and quit program if y --execute this command: os.system(sudo pip install pyrtlsdr) continue program can anyone here show me how to perform this properly? thanks in advance hugo Hint: try: import someModule except ImportError: print Module is missing # handle it! Just make sure to attempt to import it again after making the call to pip to install it. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Is cmd.Cmd.cmdloop() integration with asyncio server possible?
I'm working on an asyncio server project. I'd also like to have a cmd.Cmd style command loop interface for spawning instances of the server. As far as I've seen, running an asyncio server requires ... loop.run_forever() ... And cmd.Cmd.cmdloop() is a blocking loop, so I'm not able to call them sequentially. Is there a way to get the cmdloop to run asynchronously? Or a way to call asyncio.streams.start_server from the cmdloop and actually have it run continuously? I've tried a few things but nothing has been successful. I should mention that by itself, the server functions. For brevity, I'll try to keep the code to what is relevant. class MyServer: ... def start(): server = asyncio.async( asyncio.streams.start_server( self.accept_client, host=self.ip, port=self.port, loop=self.loop ) ) return server ... class MyMenu(cmd.Cmd): def __init__(self, loop): cmd.Cmd.__init__(self) ... do_serve(self, **kwargs): server = MyServer(self.loop, **kwargs) instance = server.start() if __name__ == '__main__': loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() menu = MyMenu(loop) menu.cmdloop() Calling loop.run_forever() at any point breaks the menu functionality. Any help would be greatly appreciated. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
On 2014-12-09 08:14, pengsir wrote: My vps ip is x.y.z.w ,i want to download /etc/passwd from linux server into my local window disk c: . import paramiko host = x.y.z.w port = 22 transport = paramiko.Transport((host, port)) password = mykey username = root transport.connect(username = username, password = password) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) filepath = '/etc/passwd' localpath = 'c:' sftp.get(filepath, localpath) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module File D:\Python34\lib\site-packages\paramiko\sftp_client.py, line 719, in get with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' It's trying to open the file 'c:', but that's not a file, it's a folder. Try, say, 'c:/passwd' instead. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [newbie] how to make program suggest to install missing modules
- Original Message - From: sohcahto...@gmail.com try: import someModule except ImportError: print Module is missing # handle it! Just make sure to attempt to import it again after making the call to pip to install it. Note that ImportError may be raised for other reasons than a missing module. Check https://docs.python.org/2/library/imp.html and the imp.find_module, it could be a safer way to check for a missing module. JM -- IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any medium. Thank you. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
On Mon, 08 Dec 2014 19:11:40 +0100, Luuk wrote: On 8-12-2014 18:37, ishish wrote: with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' I remember gloomily (haven't used windows since ages) that newer Windows versions don't like users to write directly to C:. Have you tried to save the file to your Documents folder? Regards, Alba no, it's the ssh-server denying a log on from 'root' windows systems dont usualy have an SSH server root is not a normal windows user name on most systems that DO have a ssh server root logins are usually prohibited, either enable root logins (dangerous) or log in with a user that has permissions to do what you require. if you don't have access to the server then you need assistance from someone who is authorised. -- Do you know Montana? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: jitpy - Library to embed PyPy into CPython
On 7 December 2014 at 14:31, Albert-Jan Roskam fo...@yahoo.com.dmarc.invalid wrote: On Sun, Dec 7, 2014 11:06 AM CET Stefan Behnel wrote: I think this is trying to position PyPy more in the same corner as other JIT compilers for CPython, as opposed to keeping it a completely separate thing which suffers from being not CPython. It's a huge dependency, but so are others. You mean like psyco? Well, if implementation differences between cpython and pypy are a problem, it might be useful. I've only come across a few unimportant ones. Bu then, I never reimplement __del__. http://pypy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/cpython_differences.html Some libraries don't work on PyPy; SciPy for example. If you want to use SciPy but use PyPy where appropriate, this is a good bet. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
Am 09.12.2014 09:14 schrieb pengsir: My vps ip is x.y.z.w ,i want to download /etc/passwd from linux server into my local window disk c: . localpath = 'c:' [...] with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' That's completely clear: you are not allowed to create a file named 'c:'. You should replace it with a full path name, such as localpath = 'c:\\passwd' or such. Thomas -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
Am 08.12.2014 19:11 schrieb Luuk: no, it's the ssh-server denying a log on from 'root' You are repating yourself. How could possibly with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' be a problem with the SSH server? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
On 2014-12-08 19:11, Luuk wrote:
On 8-12-2014 18:37, ishish wrote:
with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl:
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:'
I remember gloomily (haven't used windows since ages) that newer
Windows versions don't like users to write directly to C:. Have
you tried to save the file to your Documents folder?
Regards,
Alba
no, it's the ssh-server denying a log on from 'root'
I'm going to go out on a limb and say that's pretty clearly not the
issue. The exception states that the problem is one of permissions
on the C:
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:'
which ishish clearly identified as a Windows doesn't let you do that
any more issue. Additionally, I don't know off the top of my if the
Paramiko libraries expect a file-name, or if they expect a directory
into which the file gets put based on the server-side name.
The best solution is to do as ishish proposed: write the file to some
other appropriate (i.e., writable) location. A simple fix might be
import os
# ...
localpath = os.path.expanduser('~')
or
localpath = os.path.join(
os.path.expanduser('~'),
'passwd.txt',
)
A stop-gap solution might be to just run the program in a writable
directory:
c:\ cd %TEMP%
c:\...\TEMP python myprog.py
A far worse solution would be to run the script as Administrator on
the Win32 box, which will grant permission to write in the root of C:
-tkc
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Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
On 2014-12-08 18:46, alister wrote: on most systems that DO have a ssh server root logins are usually prohibited, either enable root logins (dangerous) or log in with a user that has permissions to do what you require. if you don't have access to the server then you need assistance from someone who is authorised. Just for the record, you can enable root logins but disallow password logins, so root has to be done with a public/private key-pair. That said, I do as you describe and still SSH to my ssh-user account, then su to root as needed from there. But at least there's a middle ground that isn't as vulnerable as putting a root account out there to be banged on by any script-o-matic bot that finds it. I also like to change my external SSH port to something non-traditional (and have configured port-knocking in the past) to prevent the obvious pokes I would otherwise see in my sshd/auth/access logs. -tkc -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [newbie] how to make program suggest to install missing modules
On Monday, December 8, 2014 10:46:47 AM UTC-8, Jean-Michel Pichavant wrote: - Original Message - From: sohcahto...@gmail.com try: import someModule except ImportError: print Module is missing # handle it! Just make sure to attempt to import it again after making the call to pip to install it. Note that ImportError may be raised for other reasons than a missing module. Check https://docs.python.org/2/library/imp.html and the imp.find_module, it could be a safer way to check for a missing module. JM -- IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any medium. Thank you. Good point. Of course, imp.find_module ALSO throws ImportError if the module can't be found, but at least in that case, you'd know the exact cause. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
On Tue, Dec 9, 2014 at 6:50 AM, Tim Chase python.l...@tim.thechases.com wrote: Just for the record, you can enable root logins but disallow password logins, so root has to be done with a public/private key-pair. That said, I do as you describe and still SSH to my ssh-user account, then su to root as needed from there. But at least there's a middle ground that isn't as vulnerable as putting a root account out there to be banged on by any script-o-matic bot that finds it. I've done both of these. Most of my boxes don't have passwords on the root account AND don't allow SSH to root, relying on a sudo-enabled account usually; and it's perfectly possible to also deny password access to *any* account via SSH. Quite good for security... though it can create an awkward bootstrap problem if you lose all private keys that had access. ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Maintaining Maximum Line Length When Using Tabs Instead of Spaces?
On Mon, Dec 8, 2014 at 10:15 AM, Aahan Krish kr...@aahan.me wrote: My understanding from talking to different people is that many do use tabs (instead of spaces) for indentation in their code. My question is to them (because I want to use tabs too) is: how do you maintain a line-length of 79 characters? E.g. scenario: The tab setting in your editor could be 2 or 4, and in other developer's browser it could be 8. The code will be longer than 79 chars in the latter's editor. I want to know if it's at all possible or if you use some simple and realistic (practical) hacks. *PS: Please avoid, That's why you should use spaces, type of comments. I would like to avoid flame wars.* TY, Aahan On Sunday, December 7, 2014 6:26:01 PM UTC-8, jtan wrote: One reason why you would want max length 79 is because of working with terminals. Maybe ssh to you server and check how many spaces are consumed by a tab? In my boxes, it is usually 1 tab = 8 spaces. So perhaps just use that setting in your editor? My terminals are 120 columns wide. Are there still people that are limiting their terminals to 80 columns? If so, why? I mean, I can understand if you're running on an ancient square monitor, but I see no reason to limit your terminal to 80 columns if you're running any sort of window environment on monitor with a horizontal resolution greater than 1280. Because that's how we've always done it! is a pretty shitty reason to continue doing something. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: jitpy - Library to embed PyPy into CPython
On Saturday, December 6, 2014 3:30:56 PM UTC-5, Albert-Jan Roskam wrote: On Fri, Dec 5, 2014 8:54 PM CET Mark Lawrence wrote: For those who haven't heard thought this might be of interest https://github.com/fijal/jitpy Interesting, but it is not clear to me when you would use jitpy instead of pypy. Too bad pypy alone was not included in the benchmarks (cython would have also been nice). There are plenty of situations. For example, I am building an app that requires access to modules that don't currently work under pypy. With this tool I could still take advantage of pypy JIT, but use CPython for other stuff. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
SQLObject 1.7.0
Hello! I'm pleased to announce version 1.7.0, the first stable release of branch 1.7 of SQLObject. What's new in SQLObject === * Python 2.5 is no longer supported. The minimal supported version is Python 2.6. * DateTimeCol and TimeCol can read values with microseconds (created by SQLObject 2.0) but do not write microseconds back. * Upgrade ez_setup to 2.2. * Adapt duplicate error message strings for SQLite 3.8. * Allow unicode in .orderBy(u'-column'). * Fix a minor bug in MSSQLConnection: do not override callable server_version with a non-callable. Contributors for this release are Geoffrey Wossum, Neil Muller and Andrew Trusty. For a more complete list, please see the news: http://sqlobject.org/News.html What is SQLObject = SQLObject is an object-relational mapper. Your database tables are described as classes, and rows are instances of those classes. SQLObject is meant to be easy to use and quick to get started with. SQLObject supports a number of backends: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase, MSSQL and MaxDB (also known as SAPDB). Where is SQLObject == Site: http://sqlobject.org Development: http://sqlobject.org/devel/ Mailing list: https://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/sqlobject-discuss Archives: http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.sqlobject Download: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/SQLObject/1.7.0 News and changes: http://sqlobject.org/News.html Oleg. -- Oleg Broytmanhttp://phdru.name/p...@phdru.name Programmers don't die, they just GOSUB without RETURN. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Maintaining Maximum Line Length When Using Tabs Instead of Spaces?
sohcahto...@gmail.com writes: My terminals are 120 columns wide. Mine are wider. So what? Are there still people that are limiting their terminals to 80 columns? I don't know. Terminal width is not the sole reason to keep code lines within 80 columns. -- \ “The fundamental principle of science, the definition almost, | `\ is this: the sole test of the validity of any idea is | _o__) experiment.” —Richard P. Feynman | Ben Finney -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
When do default parameters get their values set?
I ran into an issue setting variables from a GUI module that imports a back end
module. My approach was wrong obviously but what is the best way to set values
in a back end module.
#module name beTest.py
cfg = { 'def' : 'blue'}
def printDef(argT = cfg['def']):
print argT
#module name feTest
import beTest
beTest.cfg['def'] = no red
beTest.printDef()
This prints blue. I suppose because I am changing a local copy of cfg
dictionary. What is the write approach here?
Thanks
Bill
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Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
On Tue, 09 Dec 2014 00:14:15 -0800, pengsir wrote: localpath = 'c:' sftp.get(filepath, localpath) with open(localpath, 'wb') as fl: PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:' It's trying to open c:, which is a drive, as if it was a file. You have to specify the destination filename, not just the directory. Also, you probably shouldn't be trying to write to the root directory of the C drive. You should probably be using a directory beneath either %USERPROFILE% or %ALLUSERSPROFILE%. Writing to the root of the system drive tends to require Administrator privileges. Even if the current user is an administrator, the process must have elevated privilege (e.g. via Run as Administrator or an explicit privilege-elevation request from within the code). -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: When do default parameters get their values set?
On Tue, Dec 9, 2014 at 9:10 AM, bSneddon w.g.sned...@gmail.com wrote:
I ran into an issue setting variables from a GUI module that imports a back
end module. My approach was wrong obviously but what is the best way to set
values in a back end module.
#module name beTest.py
cfg = { 'def' : 'blue'}
def printDef(argT = cfg['def']):
print argT
They're set when you define the function, and become attributes of the function.
If you want to lazily fetch the defaults, here's one common idiom:
def printDef(argT=None):
Print the argT value, defaults to cfg['def']
if argT is None: argT = cfg['def']
print(argT)
This depends on None not being a meaningful argument value, of course.
If you need to have any object at all able to be passed in, you'd need
to create a dedicated sentinel object, or use *args and unpack
yourself; but for a lot of cases, None works fine.
ChrisA
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Re: When do default parameters get their values set?
On Mon, Dec 8, 2014 at 2:10 PM, bSneddon w.g.sned...@gmail.com wrote:
I ran into an issue setting variables from a GUI module that imports a
back end module. My approach was wrong obviously but what is the best way
to set values in a back end module.
#module name beTest.py
cfg = { 'def' : 'blue'}
def printDef(argT = cfg['def']):
print argT
Here is your problem. The default argument value is evaulated at the time
the function is defined, not when it is called, so argT will boung to
'blue' by default, unless overridden in the call.
In this simple case, you could just change the function to:
def printDef():
print cfg['def']
In more complicated cases, where you actually need to pass in the argument
with a default, the best way is to use a sentinel value (I'm using None in
the case):
def printDef(argT = None):
argT = argT or cfg['def'] # If argT could be False or another falsy
value, use argT = argT if argT is not None else cfg['def']. This is also
useful if None needs to be a valid value.
print argT
#module name feTest
import beTest
beTest.cfg['def'] = no red
beTest.printDef()
This prints blue. I suppose because I am changing a local copy of cfg
dictionary. What is the write approach here?
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Re: When do default parameters get their values set?
On 12/08/2014 05:10 PM, bSneddon wrote:
I ran into an issue setting variables from a GUI module that imports a back end
module. My approach was wrong obviously but what is the best way to set values
in a back end module.
To answer the subject line, the default parameter(s) are evaluated when
the function is compiled, and then stored with the function. So in this
case the default for argT is an immutable string blue Being
immutable, nothing will change that for the run of the program.
#module name beTest.py
cfg = { 'def' : 'blue'}
def printDef(argT = cfg['def']):
print argT
#module name feTest
import beTest
beTest.cfg['def'] = no red
beTest.printDef()
This prints blue. I suppose because I am changing a local copy of cfg
dictionary. What is the write approach here?
You're not making a local copy of any dictionary. The symptoms you have
would be identical even if you run beTest.py directly (with those two
lines added, of course).
The RIGHT approach depends on what your goal is here. Obviously this is
simplified from some more complex use, but you haven't stated what your
desires are, so I don't necessarily know how to achieve them.
There is only one dictionary, and it does change when you you say:
beTest.cfg['def'] = no red
But if you need to do a lookup in that dictionary upon calling
primtDef(), then you're going to make the evaluation at that time, not
at default-time.
How about the following, fairly common idiom for default values:
def printDef(argT = None]):
if argT = None:
argT = cfg['def']
print argT
--
DaveA
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Re: When do default parameters get their values set?
On 2014-12-08 14:10, bSneddon wrote:
I ran into an issue setting variables from a GUI module that
imports a back end module. My approach was wrong obviously but
what is the best way to set values in a back end module.
#module name beTest.py
cfg = { 'def' : 'blue'}
def printDef(argT = cfg['def']):
At this point (after the def has completed defining the function),
the expression is evaluated and assigned to the default argument.
beTest.cfg['def'] = no red
beTest.printDef()
This prints blue. I suppose because I am changing a local copy
of cfg dictionary. What is the write approach here?
Well, you can bind to a default dictionary rather than an entry in
that dictionary:
cfg = {'def': 'blue'}
def printDef(config=cfg):
...
access(config['def'])
which will make the look-up happen at run-time rather than
definition/bind-time.
beTest.cfg['def'] = 'Red!'
beTest.printDef()
# should print Red!
-tkc
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Re: Maintaining Maximum Line Length When Using Tabs Instead of Spaces?
On 12/08/2014 03:20 PM, sohcahto...@gmail.com wrote: On Sunday, December 7, 2014 6:26:01 PM UTC-8, jtan wrote: One reason why you would want max length 79 is because of working with terminals. Maybe ssh to you server and check how many spaces are consumed by a tab? In my boxes, it is usually 1 tab = 8 spaces. So perhaps just use that setting in your editor? My terminals are 120 columns wide. Are there still people that are limiting their terminals to 80 columns? If so, why? I frequently have more than just one terminal open on my xserver. I might have several terminals, or I might also have a browser or another application. And I rearrange the windows so the parts I'm interested in are showing whatever I'd like to simultaneously see. I mean, I can understand if you're running on an ancient square monitor, but I see no reason to limit your terminal to 80 columns if you're running any sort of window environment on monitor with a horizontal resolution greater than 1280. What's square got to do with anything? I have displays ranging from about 3 inches across to about 29. The size matters, not usually the pixel count (my cell phone has 1920 pixels across). Because that's how we've always done it! is a pretty reason to continue doing something. No need to throw feces around. There are several reasons besides history. 1) physical screen size, divided by the number of simultaneous windows one wants horizontally visible. 2) vision acuity. When the print gets small enough, my elderly eyes can't read it reliably. 3) Human preference and ability. Notice that large books and newspapers use multiple columns, or pictures ads to break up the page. A line beyond some length makes it hard to take it all in at once. 4) Other media. Sometimes we actually make listings on paper. If code is only going to be used by one person, then it may make sense for that person to make it as wide as the size he personally can handle, with his abilities and equipment and usage habits. But when there are multiple people, it sometimes makes sense to constrain code to the most stringent of their abilities. And one's abilities change over time, just as his equipment does. -- DaveA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: When do default parameters get their values set?
Thanks to all. I now understand what is happening. Originally wrote a script
be executed from command line. No want to use Gui to change defaults. Will
refactor to fix where necessary.
On Monday, December 8, 2014 5:10:58 PM UTC-5, bSneddon wrote:
I ran into an issue setting variables from a GUI module that imports a back
end module. My approach was wrong obviously but what is the best way to set
values in a back end module.
#module name beTest.py
cfg = { 'def' : 'blue'}
def printDef(argT = cfg['def']):
print argT
#module name feTest
import beTest
beTest.cfg['def'] = no red
beTest.printDef()
This prints blue. I suppose because I am changing a local copy of cfg
dictionary. What is the write approach here?
Thanks
Bill
--
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Question on lambdas
So... I was browsing some questions on reddit, and one of them involved
tkinter and lambdas. Managed to help the person out, but in the process
ended up with more questions of my own :/
My basic confusion revolves around this: in one instance I see things
like the following:
R1 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text='A', value=100, variable=var,
command=lambda: update_label2('A', 100))
and in another example I see things like this:
class MyText(Text):
def __init__(self, master, **kw):
apply(Text.__init__, (self, master), kw)
self.bind(Return, lambda e: break)
What I'm having trouble finding a concrete answer to is the difference
between:
lambda: some_func
lambda e: some_func
lambda e=e: some_func
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
TIA,
Monte
--
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Reach me @ memilanuk (at) gmail dot com
--
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Re: Question on lambdas
On Tue, Dec 9, 2014 at 10:43 AM, memilanuk memila...@gmail.com wrote:
What I'm having trouble finding a concrete answer to is the difference
between:
lambda: some_func
lambda e: some_func
These two are quite simple. (In each case, it's an expression, not a
function, for what it's worth.) They're (roughly) equivalent to these
functions:
def anonymous():
return some_func
def anonymous(e):
return some_func
In other words, the second one takes an argument, the first doesn't.
lambda e=e: some_func
I'm not sure what this one ought to be; do you have an example? If the
e= part comes before the lambda, though, then it's simply a named
argument getting a lambda function bound to it. In your example above,
this:
Radiobutton(... command=lambda: update_label2('A', 100))
is equivalent to this:
def anonymous():
return update_label2('A', 100)
RadioButton(... command=anonymous)
It's that simple.
ChrisA
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Re: Question on lambdas
memilanuk memila...@gmail.com writes: What I'm having trouble finding a concrete answer to is the difference between: (Note that where you write “some_func” the syntax requires an expression, not a function. I've changed your examples to be clear). lambda: some_expr This creates a new function which expects zero parameters. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. lambda x: some_expr This creates a new function which expects one positional parameter named ‘x’. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. lambda x=some_value: some_expr This creates a new function which expects one parameter named ‘x’, which parameter has a default value of ‘some_value’. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Hope that helps. It's best to remember that ‘lambda’ is syntactic sugar for creating a function; the things it creates are not special in any way, they are normal functions, not “lambdas”. What is different is that the function starts with no name bound to it, and the syntax allows only a single expression as the body of the function. -- \ “Theology is the effort to explain the unknowable in terms of | `\ the not worth knowing.” —Henry L. Mencken | _o__) | Ben Finney -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question on lambdas
On 12/08/2014 03:43 PM, memilanuk wrote:
So... I was browsing some questions on reddit, and one of them
involved tkinter and lambdas. Managed to help the person out, but in
the process ended up with more questions of my own :/
My basic confusion revolves around this: in one instance I see things
like the following:
R1 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text='A', value=100, variable=var,
command=lambda: update_label2('A', 100))
and in another example I see things like this:
class MyText(Text):
def __init__(self, master, **kw):
apply(Text.__init__, (self, master), kw)
self.bind(Return, lambda e: break)
What I'm having trouble finding a concrete answer to is the difference
between:
lambda: some_func
A function to be called with no parameters
lambda e: some_func
A function to be called with one parameter
lambda e=e: some_func
A function to be called with one or zero parameters. In the case of a
call with no parameters, a default value has been supplied. The e=e may
be slightly confusing, because 'e' is used in two contexts, one for the
name of the parameter inside the function, and the other the name of the
supplied default value (from the outer scope).
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
TIA,
Monte
Hope that helps,
Gary Herron
--
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Department of Computer Science
DigiPen Institute of Technology
(425) 895-4418
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Re: Question on lambdas
On Tue, Dec 9, 2014 at 10:58 AM, Ben Finney ben+pyt...@benfinney.id.au wrote: lambda x=some_value: some_expr This creates a new function which expects one parameter named ‘x’, which parameter has a default value of ‘some_value’. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. *facepalm* For some reason I forgot about default parameters _inside_ the lambda function, and thought only of named parameters _outside_ it. Ben's right, that's what your lambda e=e: syntax is doing. ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Iterables struggling using map() built-in
In article 5485721c$0$2817$c3e8da3$76491...@news.astraweb.com, Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info wrote: On Mon, 08 Dec 2014 11:35:36 +1100, Chris Angelico wrote: On Mon, Dec 8, 2014 at 11:27 AM, Roy Smith r...@panix.com wrote: Although, to be honest, I'm wondering if this is more straight-forward (also not tested): def myzip37(*args): if not args: return iters = list(map(iter, args)) Yes, I prefer this too. It's explicit and clear that passing no arguments will yield no values. The first version is explicit and clear too. I'm sorry to say this, but it is true: if you (generic you) don't recognise that while iters: ... skips the while block if iters is an empty list, then *you* have a problem, not the code. The problem is not that the while body is skipped if iters is falsey. Thats quite clear. The problem is that the looping termination isn't actually controlled by the control variable being exhausted. It's controlled by an exception getting thrown. I'm OK with breaking out of a loop by throwing an exception, but if that's what you're going to do, then make it clear that's the case by doing while 1 or while True. Those screams out, Hey, look at me, I'm an infinite loop, which is your clue that there's something else going on. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why can't download file from linux server into local window disk c:?
It's trying to open the file 'c:', but that's not a file, it's a folder. Try, say, 'c:/passwd' instead. It works for me, i tried ,it is ok . -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python re.search simple question
On Mon, 08 Dec 2014 12:22:37 +0530, Ganesh Pal wrote:
pattern
'Token-based migrations cannot be mixed with level-based: [prev 0 , now
1]'
Because [] defines a character class in a regex, if you want literal
[ and ] you need to escape them with backslash.
[prev 0 , now 1] - match any single character from the set prev0,now1
\[prev 0 , now 1\] - match the actual text [prev 0 , now 1]
Try these:
re.search('[prev 0 , now 1]','p') # matches (p in prev0,now1 )
re.search('[prev 0 , now 1]','x') # doesn't match (x not in prev0,now1 )
re.search('\[prev 0 , now 1\]','p') # doesn't match
re.search('\[prev 0 , now 1\]','[prev 0 , now 1]') # matches
--
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--
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Re: When do default parameters get their values set?
def f(a=default +arg value): return a
f.__defaults__
('default arg value',)
Before any calls, the expression has be evaluated. When f() is called
with no arg, the local name 'a' is associated with
'default arg value'. Then code execution begins. Use dir(f), for
instance, to invesigate internals.
--
Terry Jan Reedy
--
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Re: Question on lambdas
On 2014-12-08 23:58, Ben Finney wrote: memilanuk memila...@gmail.com writes: What I'm having trouble finding a concrete answer to is the difference between: (Note that where you write “some_func” the syntax requires an expression, not a function. I've changed your examples to be clear). lambda: some_expr This creates a new function which expects zero parameters. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. lambda x: some_expr This creates a new function which expects one positional parameter named ‘x’. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. lambda x=some_value: some_expr This creates a new function which expects one parameter named ‘x’, which parameter has a default value of ‘some_value’. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. This is useful when you want to 'capture' the current value of 'some_value' to be passed to some_expr; if you didn't, then some_expr would be using the value of 'some_value' at the time it was called, which might be different if some variable it used had been changed. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Hope that helps. It's best to remember that ‘lambda’ is syntactic sugar for creating a function; the things it creates are not special in any way, they are normal functions, not “lambdas”. What is different is that the function starts with no name bound to it, and the syntax allows only a single expression as the body of the function. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question on lambdas
Ben Finney wrote: It's best to remember that ‘lambda’ is syntactic sugar for creating a function; the things it creates are not special in any way, they are normal functions, not “lambdas”. Could you please elaborate why ‘lambda’ does not create “lambdas”. I'm a Python beginner (not new to programming, though), and rather confused about your statement. -- Christoph M. Becker -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question on lambdas
On Tue, Dec 9, 2014 at 12:44 PM, Christoph Becker cmbecke...@gmx.de wrote: Ben Finney wrote: It's best to remember that ‘lambda’ is syntactic sugar for creating a function; the things it creates are not special in any way, they are normal functions, not “lambdas”. Could you please elaborate why ‘lambda’ does not create “lambdas”. I'm a Python beginner (not new to programming, though), and rather confused about your statement. For the same reason that def doesn't create defs, and for doesn't create fors (uhh... the Force?). Both lambda and def create functions. Functions are things that can be called, and they're created by the def statement, the lambda expression, and very VERY occasionally, by directly calling the function constructor. You could distinguish between lambda functions and def functions if you like, but the distinction is almost never significant. In fact, usually you don't even need to distinguish between functions and other callables (types, objects with __call__ methods, bound method objects, etc, etc, etc). ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question on lambdas
On 12/8/2014 8:53 PM, Chris Angelico wrote:
On Tue, Dec 9, 2014 at 12:44 PM, Christoph Becker cmbecke...@gmx.de wrote:
Ben Finney wrote:
It's best to remember that ‘lambda’ is syntactic sugar for creating a
function; the things it creates are not special in any way, they are
normal functions, not “lambdas”.
Could you please elaborate why ‘lambda’ does not create “lambdas”. I'm
a Python beginner (not new to programming, though), and rather confused
about your statement.
For the same reason that def doesn't create defs, and for
doesn't create fors (uhh... the Force?). Both lambda and def
create functions. Functions are things that can be called, and they're
created by the def statement, the lambda expression, and very VERY
occasionally, by directly calling the function constructor. You could
distinguish between lambda functions and def functions if you
like, but the distinction is almost never significant. In fact,
usually you don't even need to distinguish between functions and other
callables (types, objects with __call__ methods, bound method objects,
etc, etc, etc).
To exemplify Chris's answer: Consider
def f1(a, b='hi'): return a+b
f2 = lambda a, b='hi': a+b
I believe the only difference between any of the attributes of f1 and f2 is
f1.__name__
'f1'
f2.__name__
'lambda'
f1.__code__.co_name
'f1'
f2.__code__.co_name
'lambda'
All other values of corresponding attributes of f1 and f2, and
f1.__code__ and f2.__code__, should be the same. For instance
f1.__code__.co_varnames
('a', 'b')
f2.__code__.co_varnames
('a', 'b')
--
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--
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Re: module import questions and question about pytest and module imports
On Sun, Dec 7, 2014 at 9:50 AM, sam pendleton samp4...@gmail.com wrote: Having to put the garage package on the sys.path seems a little off, why wouldn't relative imports work? Relative imports are relative to a package's hierarchy of namespaces, not relative to the file system. As such, you can't perform a relative import of a module that isn't in the same top-level package (and besides this, the import statement that you posted was an absolute import anyway). All top-level packages have to be on sys.path, or the import system won't be able to find them. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Iterables struggling using map() built-in
Roy Smith wrote:
Chris Angelico wrote:
I'm actually glad PEP 479 will break this kind of code. Gives a good
excuse for rewriting it to be more readable.
Steven D'Aprano steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote:
What kind of code is that? Short, simple, Pythonic and elegant? :-)
Here's the code again, with indentation fixed:
def myzip(*args):
iters = map(iter, args)
while iters:
res = [next(i) for i in iters]
yield tuple(res)
Ugh. When I see while foo, my brain says, OK, you're about to see a
loop which is controlled by the value of foo being changed inside the
loop.
Yes. Me too. 99% of the time when you see while foo, that's what you'll
get, so it's the safe assumption. But it's only an assumption, not a
requirement. When you read a bit more of the code and see that iters isn't
being modified, your reaction ought to be closer oh wow, that's neat
than oh noes it's different from what I expected.
while foo is logically equivalent to if foo: while foo:. The if is
completely redundant.
That's not at all what's happening here, so my brain runs into a
wall.
I hope you are exaggerating for effect, because if you genuinely mean that
reading that code causes major mental trauma (perhaps the equivalent of a
mental BSOD) then you've probably picked the wrong industry to be working
in. Imagine how you would cope reading genuinely obfuscated code. You would
probably have a nervous breakdown :-)
It's okay to read code which forces you to reevaluate your initial
assumption about the code. People, especially (allegedly) smart people like
programmers, are intelligent and flexible. If you can't do that, you're
going to hate Python:
- Python has no repeat N times loop, we have to use for i in range(...)
instead, so seeing a for-loop doesn't necessarily mean that the loop
variable will be used. Sometimes it isn't.
- I cannot count the number of times I've read, or written, a method that
doesn't use self, but doesn't bother to declare it as a staticmethod.
- The official way to get a single arbitrary value from a set without
removing it is:
for value in the_set:
return value
GvR recently gave an example of how to process a single element in a
possibly-empty iterator:
for x in it:
print(x)
break
else:
print('nothing')
so there are two examples of using a for-loop to *not* loop over something.
- Ducktyping. Just because some code is using a goose, doesn't mean that a
goose is required. Perhaps a duck is required but a goose is close enough.
Next problem, what the heck is res? We're not back in the punch-card
days. We don't have to abbreviate variable names to save columns.
*shrug* I didn't pick the name. But res is a standard abbreviation
for result or resource, and from context it clearly should be result.
[...]
I think this function makes a good test to separate the masters from the
apprentices.
The goal of good code is NOT to separate the masters from the
apprentices. The goal of good code is to be correct
So far I agree.
and easy to
understand by the next guy who comes along to maintain it.
No. That is *one secondary goal*. Efficiency is another secondary goal.
Sometimes education is even more important, and in this specific case the
function is being used to teach people.
Another secondary goal ought to be beauty and elegance over ugliness. It's
not often a beautiful function actually is good enough for production use.
It's usually surrounded by an inelegant if not downright ugly pile of code
testing arguments, checking for error conditions, handling corner cases,
etc. That ugliness can obfuscate the underlying algorithm and make the
function harder to understand. If it isn't *necessary*, take it out.
Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add,
but when there is nothing left to take away.
While ease of maintenance is an important goal, think about what we are
discussing. zip() is a primitive function. Once you have decided on the
public API, it will probably never need any maintenance. It's not like the
requirements will change -- yeah, we used to want to zip the items
together, but now we need to add a 9% superannuation surcharge to them
first.
The beauty of this code is that it is so simple that it cannot fail to be
bug-free. (Am I wrong? Have I missed a corner-case?) There's no unnecessary
code in the function that can hide bugs and obfuscate what it does.
And it is so simple that it's hard to see anything written in pure Python
being more efficient. So as far as maintenance goes, that's irrelevant.
That function is simply finished, done, complete. Anything you do to
improve it can only make it slower, buggier, or uglier.
(And that's a rare and beautiful thing in code.)
If you can read this function and instantly tell how it works, that it is
bug-free and duplicates the behaviour of the built-in zip(), you're
probably Raymond Hettinger. If
Re: Question on lambdas
On 12/08/2014 03:58 PM, Ben Finney wrote:
memilanuk memila...@gmail.com writes:
What I'm having trouble finding a concrete answer to is the difference
between:
lambda: some_expr
This creates a new function which expects zero parameters. The function,
when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’.
lambda x: some_expr
This creates a new function which expects one positional parameter named
‘x’. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’.
so in the first example in my original post:
...
lambda: update_label2('A', 100)
would this work the same? It looks as though it'd be passing the same
two parameters to the same function...
lambda: 'A', 100: update_label2()
Also, in my second example:
class MyText(Text):
def __init__(self, master, **kw):
apply(Text.__init__, (self, master), kw)
self.bind(Return, lambda e: break)
(from the page @
http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/tkinter-events-and-bindings.htm, if anyone
cares)
I'm kind of missing what 'e' is and where its defined and what it's
supposed to be passing to break...? The whole bind method for classes
and instances is a wee bit above my pay grade right about now; but I
happened to stumble upon this example when I went looking for more info
on lambda :/
lambda x=some_value: some_expr
This creates a new function which expects one parameter named ‘x’, which
parameter has a default value of ‘some_value’. The function, when
called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’.
I was reading in 'Programming Python 4th ed' by Lutz and he talks about
something to do with default values vs. enclosing scopes... that
something like:
lambda x=x: some_expr
when evaluated inside a function loop to create buttons, etc., causes
'x' to be evaluated as the default value at the function creation time,
vs. when the function is actually called. Do I have that more or less
correct?
TIA,
Monte
--
Shiny! Let's be bad guys.
Reach me @ memilanuk (at) gmail dot com
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Re: Python Iterables struggling using map() built-in
On 12/8/2014 9:50 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote: Roy Smith wrote: Chris Angelico wrote: def myzip(*args): iters = map(iter, args) while iters: res = [next(i) for i in iters] yield tuple(res) Ugh. When I see while foo, my brain says, OK, you're about to see a loop which is controlled by the value of foo being changed inside the loop. Yes. Me too. 99% of the time when you see while foo, that's what you'll get, so it's the safe assumption. But it's only an assumption, not a requirement. When you read a bit more of the code and see that iters isn't being modified, your reaction ought to be closer oh wow, that's neat To me it is a code smell. iters is empty if and only if args is empty. If args is empty, iters should not be created. if args: iters = ... while True ... (return on exception) makes the logic clear. -- Terry Jan Reedy -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question on lambdas
Christoph Becker cmbecke...@gmx.de writes: Ben Finney wrote: It's best to remember that ‘lambda’ is syntactic sugar for creating a function; the things it creates are not special in any way, they are normal functions, not “lambdas”. Could you please elaborate why ‘lambda’ does not create “lambdas”. I'm a Python beginner (not new to programming, though), and rather confused about your statement. We already have a term for what the ‘lambda’ keyword creates: a function. That is, ‘lambda’ creates a function object, without anything to distinguish it from a function created any other way. -- \ “Here is a test to see if your mission on earth is finished. If | `\ you are alive, it isn't.” —Francis Bacon | _o__) | Ben Finney -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question on lambdas
memilanuk memila...@gmail.com writes:
...
lambda: update_label2('A', 100)
would this work the same?
(I don't know what you mean here by “the same”; the same as what?)
The above creates a new function, which expects no parameters (because
there are no parameters before its ‘:’).
The function, when called, will return the value of the expression
‘update_label2('A', 100)’.
It looks as though it'd be passing the same two parameters to the same
function...
Yes, it looks that way, and that's what it does. The parameters are
fixed in the expression and will be the same each time the new function
is called.
lambda: 'A', 100: update_label2()
This is a syntax error.
Have you tried experimenting with these? Carefully read the reference
material on the ‘lambda’ syntax, and create some functions and
experiment with them.
--
\ “Not to be absolutely certain is, I think, one of the essential |
`\ things in rationality.” —Bertrand Russell |
_o__) |
Ben Finney
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some problem with scrapy and py2exe
i want to bulit an scrapy project into an exe file with py2exe,but there is a error happened after i run the exe-file (for example 'a7cxk.exe')in the cmd ,it happened Traceback (most recent call last): File a7cxk.py, line 2, in module File scrapy\__init__.pyc, line 10, in module File pkgutil.pyc, line 591, in get_data IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'scrapy\\VERSION' Anyone can give me some tips ? thks my setup.py: from distutils.core import setup import glob setup( console=[a7cxk.py], data_files=[ (config_file, glob.glob(r'D:\python\w7c_first\config_file\conf.ini'))]) then i run it in cmd: python setup.py py2exe -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question on lambdas
On Tue, 09 Dec 2014 02:44:12 +0100, Christoph Becker wrote: Ben Finney wrote: It's best to remember that ‘lambda’ is syntactic sugar for creating a function; the things it creates are not special in any way, they are normal functions, not “lambdas”. Could you please elaborate why ‘lambda’ does not create “lambdas”. I'm a Python beginner (not new to programming, though), and rather confused about your statement. Compare these: py def f1(): ... return 23 ... py f2 = lambda: 23 py type(f1) is type(f2) True Functions created with lambda are exactly the same type of object as functions created with def. Functions created with lambda accept exactly the same arguments as functions created with def. They differences are: - functions created with lambda all have the same internal name; - functions created with def have the name you give them; - functions created with lambda are expressions and can be embedded directly in function calls, lists, etc; - functions created with def are statements and must stand alone. -- Steven -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Iterables struggling using map() built-in
On Tue, 09 Dec 2014 00:03:33 -0500, Terry Reedy wrote: On 12/8/2014 9:50 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote: Roy Smith wrote: Chris Angelico wrote: def myzip(*args): iters = map(iter, args) while iters: res = [next(i) for i in iters] yield tuple(res) Ugh. When I see while foo, my brain says, OK, you're about to see a loop which is controlled by the value of foo being changed inside the loop. Yes. Me too. 99% of the time when you see while foo, that's what you'll get, so it's the safe assumption. But it's only an assumption, not a requirement. When you read a bit more of the code and see that iters isn't being modified, your reaction ought to be closer oh wow, that's neat To me it is a code smell. iters is empty if and only if args is empty. If args is empty, iters should not be created. if args: iters = ... while True ... (return on exception) makes the logic clear. When you understand why this body of code is inelegant and ugly, you should understand why the above is inelegant and ugly: def double(x): if x != 0: x *= 2 return x -- Steven -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question on lambdas
On Tuesday, December 9, 2014 5:28:49 AM UTC+5:30, Ben Finney wrote: memilanuk writes: What I'm having trouble finding a concrete answer to is the difference between: (Note that where you write “some_func” the syntax requires an expression, not a function. I've changed your examples to be clear). lambda: some_expr This creates a new function which expects zero parameters. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. lambda x: some_expr This creates a new function which expects one positional parameter named ‘x’. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. lambda x=some_value: some_expr This creates a new function which expects one parameter named ‘x’, which parameter has a default value of ‘some_value’. The function, when called, will return the value of ‘some_expr’. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Hope that helps. It's best to remember that ‘lambda’ is syntactic sugar for creating a function; the things it creates are not special in any way, they are normal functions, not “lambdas”. This is a good thing to remember (and better than most of the λ-calculus memes floating around the net). What is different is that the function starts with no name bound to it, and the syntax allows only a single expression as the body of the function. Cant quarrel with this as a fact but its the wrong emphasis IMHO: Its not that lambdas are functions without names -- so called `anonymous' functions. Its rather that defs are functions with names, ie a def bundles up two independent activities: naming and function-making. Do we call constants 'anonymous variables'? One could of course but its misleading because constants come before variables Most people know this in the form: Arithmetic comes before algebra A CS buzz version: Functional programming is simpler than imperative programming. However I find this unhelpful and misleading for the same reason that 'λ is an anonymous function' is: If functional programming were 'programming with functions' then C would be a functional language wink Here is our attempt at explaining this in more detail in 'modern' format https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZoq-GlOdSs The above is all with 'conceptual-fundamentals' hat firmly on. From the pragmatic pov, the need to mix naming with function-making is so overwhelmingly what is needed, that rarely/never using lambdas is ok. JFTR Miranda one of the seminal functional languages, had no lambdas, only (the equivalent of) defs. Put differently, Ive no issue with Guido wanting to remove lambda from python [In any case in the unicode age I'd prefer it spelt as λ] Ive an issue with people claiming to have a degree in CS not knowing (basics of) λ-calculus -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
encrypt the http request url on the local machine
my software on the local machine needs to send http request to a specific web server , is there any way to protect the http request url from being found by Packet analyzer software like Wireshark and fiddler. The sever is not mine, so I can do nothing in the server . It would be better to show some code, I am an absolutely newbie in encryption . -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: encrypt the http request url on the local machine
在 2014年12月9日星期二UTC+8下午2时58分36秒，iMath写道： my software on the local machine needs to send http request to a specific web server , is there any way to protect the http request url from being found by Packet analyzer software like Wireshark and fiddler. The sever is not mine, so I can do nothing in the server . It would be better to show some code, I am an absolutely newbie in encryption . P.S the server doesn't support https protocol -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Question on lambdas
On 12/08/2014 09:30 PM, Ben Finney wrote:
memilanuk memila...@gmail.com writes:
...
lambda: update_label2('A', 100)
would this work the same?
(I don't know what you mean here by “the same”; the same as what?)
The above creates a new function, which expects no parameters (because
there are no parameters before its ‘:’).
The function, when called, will return the value of the expression
‘update_label2('A', 100)’.
It looks as though it'd be passing the same two parameters to the same
function...
Yes, it looks that way, and that's what it does. The parameters are
fixed in the expression and will be the same each time the new function
is called.
lambda: 'A', 100: update_label2()
This is a syntax error.
Have you tried experimenting with these? Carefully read the reference
material on the ‘lambda’ syntax, and create some functions and
experiment with them.
Fair enough. What I was trying to do when I got into all this was
something like this:
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.wm_title('Radio Buttons')
label1 = tk.Label(root)
label1.config(text='Please select an option below.')
label1.pack()
def update_label2(option, value):
selection = current selection is: \n\n + str(option) + : +
str(value)
label2.config(text=selection)
var = tk.IntVar()
var.set(100)
R1 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text='A', value=100, variable=var,
command=lambda: update_label2('A', 100))
R1.pack(anchor='center')
R2 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text='B', value=80, variable=var,
command=lambda option='B', value=80: update_label2())
R2.pack(anchor='center')
R3 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text='C', value=60, variable=var,
command=lambda: update_label2('C', 60))
R3.pack(anchor='center')
label2 = tk.Label(root)
label2.config(text='Current selection is: \n \nA: 100')
label2.pack()
root.mainloop()
So to me, the purpose of 'lambda' in this case is to call a function
when a particular widget - in this case a radio button - is clicked.
Thats why I wondered if 'lambda: update_label2('A', 100)' - where I'm
using lambda to call another function, with the parameters inside the
parentheses, was equivalent to 'lambda 'A', 100: update_label2()' where
I would be using lambda to 'feed' the parameters to the function. I see
what you mean about the syntax error = it should be 'lambda option='A',
value=100:update_label2()' but even then it doesn't really work as the
update_label2 function complains about not being given any values at all.
File /home/monte/Dropbox/Code/python/sandbox/reddit.py, line 31, in
lambda
command=lambda option='B', value=80: update_label2())
TypeError: update_label2() missing 2 required positional arguments:
'option' and 'value'
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Reach me @ memilanuk (at) gmail dot com
--
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Re: encrypt the http request url on the local machine
iMath redstone-c...@163.com writes: my software on the local machine needs to send http request to a specific web server , is there any way to protect the http request url from being found by Packet analyzer software like Wireshark and fiddler. The sever is not mine, so I can do nothing in the server . Not sure about fiddler but wireshark is a logger at tcp level. When you use https (rather than http), a tcp logger may still see the host (it definitely sees the IP address) but will not see the rest of the url (as this is transmitted in encrypted form). The protection provided by https is sufficient for normal use. I recently heared a scientific talk suggesting that https protection can be preached with a lot of computing power. Thus, there is likely no protection against secret service surveillance (and maybe law enforcement agencies). -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: encrypt the http request url on the local machine
On Tue, Dec 9, 2014 at 6:08 PM, iMath redstone-c...@163.com wrote: 在 2014年12月9日星期二UTC+8下午2时58分36秒，iMath写道： my software on the local machine needs to send http request to a specific web server , is there any way to protect the http request url from being found by Packet analyzer software like Wireshark and fiddler. The sever is not mine, so I can do nothing in the server . It would be better to show some code, I am an absolutely newbie in encryption . P.S the server doesn't support https protocol If the server doesn't support encrypted HTTP requests, you either need some other form of encryption that the server _does_ support, or a proxy that can decrypt the request and pass it on (in which case packet sniffing at the proxy could reveal what's happening). Why are you so worried about packet sniffing? Is it something you expect to happen? ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Do you like the current design of python.org?
On Friday, December 5, 2014 4:13:27 PM UTC+5:30, Steven D'Aprano wrote: But most of all, I despise the menus that pop up covering what I am trying to read the page just because I happened to move the mouse over a button. I loathe the practice of stuffing content into menus instead of using links to individual web pages. And I hold nothing but scorn for the fact that the main page has a slideshow. I thought I'd argue against this (and the general tenor of these complaints) Tried to click on the in what looked like a console session and for the last 5 minutes I am staring at Loading console ... with the L in a different color... Pretty... but not exactly what I expect in an interactive console. Lest it seem like I am agreeing with these complaints, I'd like to say: Either python goes this way or the way of Fortran and Cobol. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[issue23007] Unnecessary big intermediate result in Lib/bisect.py
Serhiy Storchaka added the comment: What troubles? -- nosy: +serhiy.storchaka ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23007 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
New submission from Alexey Poryadin: When is called `select`, but registered no one `fileobject` rise exception: ... polled = self._selector.select(timeout) File /usr/lib/python3.4/selectors.py, line 424, in select fd_event_list = self._epoll.poll(timeout, max_ev) ValueError: maxevents must be greater than 0, got 0 Of course, it makes no sense to call `select` if there is nothing to watch. But select.epol.poll is not raises exception in the same case if `max_ev`=-1. And this simplifies the application code and is useful if need just sleep for a timeout. So, I suggest a small fix: -fd_event_list = self._epoll.poll(timeout, max_ev) +fd_event_list = self._epoll.poll(timeout, max_ev or -1) -- messages: 232300 nosy: Alexey.Poryadin priority: normal severity: normal status: open title: selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select. type: behavior versions: Python 3.4 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Changes by STINNER Victor victor.stin...@gmail.com: -- nosy: +haypo, neologix ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Changes by STINNER Victor victor.stin...@gmail.com: -- versions: +Python 3.5 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Changes by STINNER Victor victor.stin...@gmail.com: -- components: +asyncio nosy: +gvanrossum, yselivanov ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue21998] asyncio: a new self-pipe should be created in the child process after fork
Martin Richard added the comment: Currently, this is what I do in the child after the fork: selector = loop._selector parent_class = selector.__class__.__bases__[0] selector.unregister = lambda fd: parent_class.unregister(selector, fd) It replaces unregister() by _BaseSelectorImpl.unregister(), so our data structures are still cleaned (the dict _fd_to_key, for instance). If a fix for this issue is desired in tulip, the first solution proposed by Guido (closing the selector and let the unregister call fail, see the -trivial- patch attached) is probably good enough. -- keywords: +patch Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file37385/close_self_pipe_after_selector.patch ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue21998 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23010] unclosed file warning when defining unused logging FileHandler in dictConfig
New submission from Walter Doekes:
If you define a FileHandler in your logging dictConfig but fail to use it in
the same configuration, the file handle is leaked and a ResourceWarning is
thrown.
Versions:
$ python3 -V
Python 3.4.0
$ apt-cache show python3.4 | grep ^Version
Version: 3.4.0-2ubuntu1
Expected:
$ PYTHONWARNINGS=default,ignore::DeprecationWarning \
python3 problem.py
imported once
Observed:
$ PYTHONWARNINGS=default,ignore::DeprecationWarning \
python3 problem.py
.../lib/python3.4/importlib/_bootstrap.py:656:
ResourceWarning: unclosed file
_io.FileIO name='/tmp/debug.log' mode='ab'
code = marshal.loads(data)
imported once
To reproduce, save below as problem.py:
if __name__ == '__main__':
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'handlers': {
'logfile': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'class': 'logging.FileHandler',
'filename': '/tmp/debug.log',
},
},
}
from logging.config import dictConfig
dictConfig(LOGGING)
# using importlib on a new file triggers the warnings
import importlib, shutil, os
shutil.copy(__file__, __file__ + '.new')
os.unlink(__file__)
os.rename(__file__ + '.new', __file__)
importlib.import_module('problem')
else:
print('imported once')
Fixed by:
--- /usr/lib/python3.4/logging/config.py.orig 2014-12-08
14:06:24.911460799 +0100
+++ /usr/lib/python3.4/logging/config.py2014-12-08 14:16:17.519460799
+0100
@@ -637,6 +637,16 @@ class DictConfigurator(BaseConfigurator)
except Exception as e:
raise ValueError('Unable to configure root '
'logger: %s' % e)
+
+# Close unused loggers
+used_handlers = set()
+for logger in logging.root.manager.loggerDict.values():
+if hasattr(logger, 'handlers') and logger.handlers:
+used_handlers.add(*logger.handlers)
+for name, handler in handlers.items():
+if handler not in used_handlers:
+if hasattr(handler, 'close'):
+handler.close()
finally:
logging._releaseLock()
The fix above might not be the best fix, but it proves where the problem is.
Perhaps the handlers shouldn't be instantiated until the first user of such a
handler is instantiated.
This issue was found by using Django 1.7 with Python 3.4 when enabling the
PYTHONWARNINGS.
Cheers,
Walter Doekes
OSSO B.V.
--
components: Library (Lib)
messages: 232302
nosy: wdoekes
priority: normal
severity: normal
status: open
title: unclosed file warning when defining unused logging FileHandler in
dictConfig
versions: Python 3.4
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[issue23011] Duplicate Paragraph in documentation for json module
New submission from berndca: There is a duplication of the first section of 18.2.2 (JSON) Encoders and Decoders of the python 2.7.9RC1 doc as well of the corresponding paragraph in 19.2.2 of the Python 3 docs. -- assignee: docs@python components: Documentation messages: 232303 nosy: berndca, docs@python priority: normal severity: normal status: open title: Duplicate Paragraph in documentation for json module type: enhancement versions: Python 2.7, Python 3.3, Python 3.4, Python 3.5 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23011 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23011] Duplicate Paragraph in documentation for json module
Simeon Visser added the comment: What paragraph are you referring to? Various documented parameters are similar but I don't see duplicate paragraphs. -- nosy: +simeon.visser ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23011 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue18835] Add aligned memory variants to the suite of PyMem functions/macros
Changes by Trent Nelson tr...@snakebite.org: -- nosy: +trent ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue18835 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23012] RuntimeError: settrace/setprofile function gets lost
New submission from Armin Rigo: It's not possible to write a settrace() or setprofile() function that remains active if we're about to run out of stack. If we are, we get a RuntimeError when the function is called. The RuntimeError is normally propagated, but in case it is eaten (e.g. see example) then the program continues to run normally --- but the trace/profile function is disabled from now on. -- files: test9.py messages: 232305 nosy: arigo priority: normal severity: normal status: open title: RuntimeError: settrace/setprofile function gets lost type: behavior Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file37386/test9.py ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23012 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23012] RuntimeError: settrace/setprofile function gets lost
Changes by STINNER Victor victor.stin...@gmail.com: -- nosy: +haypo ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23012 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23010] unclosed file warning when defining unused logging FileHandler in dictConfig
Changes by R. David Murray rdmur...@bitdance.com: -- nosy: +vinay.sajip ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23010 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue20603] sys.path disappears at shutdown
Brett Cannon added the comment: That's enough reason for me to close this as out of date. =) -- resolution: - out of date status: open - closed ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue20603 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Yury Selivanov added the comment: Patch attached. Tests pass on Linux. -- keywords: +patch Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file37387/epoll_01.patch ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue21998] asyncio: a new self-pipe should be created in the child process after fork
STINNER Victor added the comment: I suggest to split this issue: create a new issue focus on selectors.EpollSelector, it doesn't behave well with forking. If I understood correctly, you can workaround this specific issue by forcing the selector to selectors.SelectSelector for example, right? -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue21998 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
STINNER Victor added the comment: +s.select(timeout=0) I suggest to ensure that the result is an empty list. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Changes by Yury Selivanov yseliva...@gmail.com: Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file37388/epoll_02.patch ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Yury Selivanov added the comment: I agree. Please see another one. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
STINNER Victor added the comment: It's a little bit surprising to call epoll_wait() without any FD subscribed, but select([], [], [], delay) is a known way to sleep 'delay' seconds, so why not using epoll in a similar way? :-) epoll_02.patch looks good to me. Can you please also apply the patch to the Tulip project? (By the way, test_selectors.py to Tulip is completly different, we may just reuse the file from CPython and drop the code from Tulip.) -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23013] Tweak wording for importlib.util.LazyLoader in regards to Loader.create_module()
New submission from Brett Cannon: The docs for importlib.util.LazyLoader emphatically say that a loader cannot define importlib.abc.Loader.create_module() if it is to be subclassed. What in fact should say is that the subclass' create_module() will not be called; whether it is defined or not is of no consequence. -- assignee: brett.cannon components: Documentation keywords: easy messages: 232312 nosy: brett.cannon priority: normal severity: normal stage: needs patch status: open title: Tweak wording for importlib.util.LazyLoader in regards to Loader.create_module() versions: Python 3.5 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23013 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23008] pydoc enum.{,Int}Enum fails
Changes by Berker Peksag berker.pek...@gmail.com: -- nosy: +ethan.furman ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23008 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23014] Don't have importlib.abc.Loader.create_module() be optional
New submission from Brett Cannon: I continue to be bothered by how we designed importlib.abc.Loader.create_module(). I don't like that it's optional and I don't like that it can return None. I would much rather make it so that importlib.abc.Loader.create_module() was a static method that does what importlib.util.module_from_spec() does. I would also like importlib to throw a fit if exec_module() was defined on a loader but not create_module() with a DeprecationWarning to start and then an AttributeError later (as I said, this requires exec_module() defined and does not play into the whole load_module() discussion). This should also hopefully promote people subclassing importlib.abc.Loader more as well. What do other people think? -- components: Interpreter Core messages: 232313 nosy: brett.cannon, eric.snow, ncoghlan priority: normal severity: normal stage: test needed status: open title: Don't have importlib.abc.Loader.create_module() be optional type: behavior versions: Python 3.5, Python 3.6 ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23014 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Guido van Rossum added the comment: Please add a comment explaining the complaint from epoll.poll() we're trying to avoid here. I presume Tulip never gets into this state because of the self-pipe. On Mon, Dec 8, 2014 at 8:01 AM, STINNER Victor rep...@bugs.python.org wrote: STINNER Victor added the comment: It's a little bit surprising to call epoll_wait() without any FD subscribed, but select([], [], [], delay) is a known way to sleep 'delay' seconds, so why not using epoll in a similar way? :-) epoll_02.patch looks good to me. Can you please also apply the patch to the Tulip project? (By the way, test_selectors.py to Tulip is completly different, we may just reuse the file from CPython and drop the code from Tulip.) -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue22935] Disabling SSLv3 support
Kurt Roeckx added the comment: I did update the documentation to mention that, but it seems none of my documentation changes got applied. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue22935 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Roundup Robot added the comment: New changeset b2ee06684b6a by Yury Selivanov in branch '3.4': selectors: Make sure EpollSelecrtor.select() works when no FD is registered. https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/b2ee06684b6a New changeset 202995833ef4 by Yury Selivanov in branch 'default': selectors: Make sure EpollSelecrtor.select() works when no FD is registered. https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/202995833ef4 -- nosy: +python-dev ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Yury Selivanov added the comment: Please add a comment explaining the complaint from epoll.poll() we're trying to avoid here. Good point! Committed. -- ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
[issue23009] selectors.EpollSelector.select raises exception when nothing to select.
Changes by Yury Selivanov yseliva...@gmail.com: -- resolution: - fixed stage: - resolved status: open - closed ___ Python tracker rep...@bugs.python.org http://bugs.python.org/issue23009 ___ ___ Python-bugs-list mailing list Unsubscribe: https://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-bugs-list/archive%40mail-archive.com
