Re: __getattr__ Confusion
Thanks, Peter. I realize this is getting sort of academic now, as I know how
to do exactly what I want, but I'm still confused. Is __getattr__ a special
case then, even for classic classes?
class Adder(): # python 2.7, classic class
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
self.__add__= lambda other: Adder(self.x+other.x)
self.__getattr__ = lambda name: self.test(name)
def __str__(self):
return str(self.x)
def test(self, name):
print("Hello from test")
raise AttributeError
x = Adder(3)
y = Adder(4)
print(x+y)
x.junk()
7
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Saul\Documents\PythonProjects\test.py", line 18
AttributeError: Adder instance has no attribute 'junk'
Why does this work for __add__ and not for __getattr__?
Of course, they both work if I write instead
def __add__self, other):
return Adder(self.x+other.x)
def __getattr__(self, name):
print(name)
raise AttributeError
like a sensible person.
Saul
On Monday, February 4, 2013 8:15:47 AM UTC-6, Peter Otten wrote:
> Saul Spatz wrote:
>
>
>
> > Now I have another question. If dunder methods are looked up only in the
>
> > class, not the instance, why did defining __nonzero__ the way I did work?
>
> > Shouldn't I have had to define it with a def? Is __nonzero__ a special
>
> > case?
>
>
>
> Unfortunately the situation is a bit more complex. Classic classes (like
>
> Tkinter.Frame) behave differently from newstyle classes (subclasses of
>
> object):
>
>
>
> >>> def nz():
>
> ... print "nonzero"
>
> ... return 0
>
> ...
>
> >>> class Classic: pass
>
> ...
>
> >>> c = Classic()
>
> >>> c.__nonzero__ = nz
>
> >>> not c
>
> nonzero
>
> True
>
> >>> class New(object): pass
>
> ...
>
> >>> n = New()
>
> >>> n.__nonzero__ = nz
>
> >>> not n
>
> False
>
>
>
> So Steven is wrong here.
>
>
>
> > Shouldn't I have had to define it with a def?
>
>
>
> If you mean as opposed to a lambda, there is no difference between
>
>
>
> f = lambda ...
>
>
>
> and
>
>
>
> def f(...): ...
>
>
>
> other than that the last one gives you a nice name in a traceback.
--
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Re: __getattr__ Confusion
On Sunday, February 3, 2013 10:35:30 PM UTC-6, Steven D'Aprano wrote: > On Sun, 03 Feb 2013 17:08:47 -0800, Saul Spatz wrote: > > > > > I don't understand what's going on at all. Can't I dynamically define > > > __getattr__? How should I go about it? > > > > Special "dunder" methods (DoubleUNDERscore) are looked up only on the > > class, not on instances. That means that if you try to dynamically > > provide a dunder method by assigning it to an instance, say with: > > > > self.__nonzero__ = lambda self: True > > > > it will *not* be automatically used by Python. The only way to > > dynamically add dunder methods is to add them to the class, but of course > > that means that all instances see the same method. > > > > > > In your case, you try doing this inside the __init__: > > > > self.__getattr__ = lambda x, name: getattr(self.canvas, name) > > > > > > Why not just define a __getattr__ method the normal way? In your class, > > define a method: > > > > def __getattr__(self, name): > > return getattr(self.canvas, name) > > > > This technique is called automatic delegation. > > > > Even if this does not quite do what you are trying to do, you will > > eliminate one major stumbling block and be that much closer to a working > > solution. > > > > > > > By the way, another thing that > > > didn't work was calling the method delegate instead of __getattr__. > > > Then after the constructor call, I wrote self.__getattr__ = > > > self.delegate. This crashed as before on self.create_text. > > > > It is pointless to tell us that Python "crashed" if you don't show us > > *exactly* what you did, by copying and pasting the *actual* code, > > complete with the full traceback. Otherwise we are just guessing what you > > did and what error you saw. > > > > I'm pretty confident that Python didn't "crash", in the commonly accepted > > meaning of the word meaning a core dump or equivalent. I'm guessing you > > meant that Python raised a perfectly normal exception, like > > > > > > Traceback (most recent call last): > > ... > > NameError: name 'self' is not defined > > > > > > If you pay attention to the exception messages that Python prints for > > you, you will not only find it easier to debug your code, but you can > > also ask more sensible questions using accepted terminology. > > > > > > > > -- > > Steven Thanks. The class versus instance lookup explains it. I didn't mean that python crashed, but that my app did. Now I have another question. If dunder methods are looked up only in the class, not the instance, why did defining __nonzero__ the way I did work? Shouldn't I have had to define it with a def? Is __nonzero__ a special case? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
__getattr__ Confusion
To the good people on comp.lang.python: I have the following Tkinter class (python 2.7.3): from Tkinter import * class ScrolledCanvas(Frame): def __init__(self, master, width, height, bg, cursor): Frame.__init__(self, master) self.__nonzero__ = lambda: True canv = self.canvas = Canvas(self, bg=bg, relief=SUNKEN) # self.__getattr__ = lambda x, name: getattr(self.canvas, name) canv.config(width=width, height=height) # display area size canv.config(scrollregion=(0, 0, width, height)) # canvas size corners canv.config(highlightthickness=0) # no pixels to border ybar = Scrollbar(self) ybar.config(command=canv.yview) # xlink sbar and canv canv.config(yscrollcommand=ybar.set) # move one moves other xbar = Scrollbar(self) xbar.config(command=canv.xview) # xlink sbar and canv canv.config(xscrollcommand=xbar.set) # move one moves other canv.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = 'news') ybar.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = 'ns') xbar.grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = 'ew') self.rowconfigure(0, weight = 1) self.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1) self.create_text(20, 20, text = 'Did it!', fill = 'red') def __getattr__(self, name): return getattr(self.canvas, name) root = Tk() app = ScrolledCanvas(root, 400, 300, 'white', 'hand2') app.pack() root.mainloop() I just added the __getattr__ method, and the program crashed in the Canvas constructor. There is apparently a call to self.__nonzero__ somewhere in Tkinter.py, and since the constructor hasn't exited yet, sel.fcanvas isn't defined yet, so __getattr__ recurses indefinitely. I fixed this as you see, by defining self.__nonzero__ before the call to the constructor. Now, I have two questions: 1. I originally defined self.__nonzero__ = lambda x: True, on the assumption that when self.__nonzero__ was called, the interpreter would pass self as an argument. Wrong. No arguments were passed. Why is this? 2. I find this solution rather unsatisfactory, since there's a rather obscure line of code here. I tried eliminating the def of __gertattr__ and the definition of self.__nonzero__ and adding this line after the constructor: self.__getattr__= lambda name: getattr(self.canvas, name) This get through the constructor all right, but crashes with the message that a ScrolledCanvas object has no create_text attribute. (I've tried passing two arguments to the lambda, but it makes no difference.) I don't understand what's going on at all. Can't I dynamically define __getattr__? How should I go about it? By the way, another thing that didn't work was calling the method delegate instead of __getattr__. Then after the constructor call, I wrote self.__getattr__ = self.delegate. This crashed as before on self.create_text. I just tried a little experiment with __add__ and had no success, so I guess my problem is with overloaded operators in general. I'd really appreciate an explanation, or a pointer to relevant documentation. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: pymysql only works under IDLE
Thanks a lot; I didn't know about sys.executable. For the record, IDLE is running pythonw.exe. I won't have a chance to test if this helps till tomorrow, unfortunately. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
pymysql only works under IDLE
I've been using pymysql to connect to a database, and it has suddenly stopped working on the one machine (a virtual server) where I really need it to work. I have a function with hard-coded parameters to do the connection, and now I'm getting an error that says, "Can't connect to MySQL server on ...". The strangest thing is that while I can't connect if I run the script from the command line, or from the shell under Wing IDE, I can connect if I run the script under the IDLE shell. I noticed that the command line shell prints Python 2.7.2 (default, Jun 12 2011, 14:24:46) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. at startup, but the IDLE shell prints Python 2.7.2 (default, Jun 12 2011, 14:24:46) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. So, while the first lines are identical, the second lines are different. Is this a different interpreter then? Can anyone tell me what the difference is? I'm hoping that may help me figure out what's gone wrong. I'm running on Windows 7. I'll be grateful for any help you can give me. Saul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Validating Entry in tkinter
Thanks, that a great link. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Validating Entry in tkinter
Yes, the tuple is certainly easier to read. Thanks again. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Validating Entry in tkinter
That doesn't work, I'm being stupid, The user might type anywhere in the string, not just at the end. I need return all([c in '1234567890abcdefABCDEF ' for c in after]) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Validating Entry in tkinter
Thanks so much, this is great. I want to validate that the user is entering a string appropriate for bytes.fromhex. Here's how I modified your validate funtion: def validate(before, after): print(before, "-->", after) #return after.isdigit() return after[-1] in '1234567890abcdefABCDEF ' I also had to change validate="all" to validate="key" in the Entry construction, since otherwise, I go an IndexError when the widget gets the focus. (try...except also worked, but I only care about keystrokes.) I didn't know about the register method; that's the key. Thanks again, Saul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Validating Entry in tkinter
I want to interface to the native validation of tk. If you don't know what that is, you're unlikely to be able to help me. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Validating Entry in tkinter
In tcl/tk an Entry widget can be set to validate its contents with the validate
option. You have to give it a validatecommand (vcmd), which is a tcl script
that runs when some action triggers validation. Usually, the script would use
"percent substitutions" so the script would be something like {ValidInt %P}
where %P is the value of the widget should the proposed change occur.
Can one do something like this in tkinter? I've verified that with
e = Entry(master, validate = 'all', vcmd = validInt)
the validInt function is called, but it isn't passed any parameters. I can't
find that e has any attribute corresponding to the %P value above.
Is it not possible to do this in tkinter, or have I overlooked something?
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Re: Unicode codepoints
Thanks very much. This is the elegant kind of solution I was looking for. I had hoped there was a way to do it without even addressing the matter of surrogates, but apparently not. The reason I don't like this is that it depends on knowing that python internally stores strings in UTF-16. I expected that there would be some built-in iterator that would return the code points. (Actually, this all started when I realized that s[k] wouldn't necessarily give me the kth character of the string s.) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Unicode codepoints
Thanks. I agree with you about the generator. Using your first suggestion, code points above U+ get separated into two "surrogate pair" characters fron UTF-16. So instead of U=10 I get U+DBFF and U+DFFF. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tkinter/scrollbar/canvas question
It works if you change it like so: from tkinter import * class ShowList(Frame): def __init__(self, root): Frame.__init__(self, root) self.grid() self.draw_widgets() def draw_widgets(self): cframe = Frame(self) cframe.grid(row=1, sticky=N+S+E+W) canv = Canvas(cframe) canv.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=N+S+E+W) vscroll = Scrollbar(cframe, orient=VERTICAL, command=canv.yview) hscroll = Scrollbar(cframe, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=canv.xview) vscroll.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=N+S) hscroll.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E+W) canv["xscrollcommand"] = hscroll.set canv["yscrollcommand"] = vscroll.set aframe = Frame(canv) id = canv.create_window(0,0,window=aframe, anchor=N+W) for i in range(0,100): Label(aframe, text=str(i), anchor=N+W).grid(row=i, column=0) aframe.update_idletasks() canv["scrollregion"]=canv.bbox(ALL) root = Tk() m=ShowList(root) root.mainloop() You have to call update_idletasks to force the canvas to be mapped to screen; until it is mapped, its bounding box is (0,0,1,1). You can call update_idletasks through any widget. That said, I wonder if it wouldn't be better to put canvas objects directly on the canvas, instead of putting widgets in a frame on the canvas. The way you're doing it, you can't give the widgets tags, which are what give the canvas its real power. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tkinter/scrollbar/canvas question
This is the third time I've tried to post this reply. If you see multiple answers from me, that's why. Your script will work if you change it like so: from tkinter import * class ShowList(Frame): def __init__(self, root): Frame.__init__(self, root) self.grid() self.draw_widgets() def draw_widgets(self): cframe = Frame(self) cframe.grid(row=1, sticky=N+S+E+W) canv = Canvas(cframe) canv.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=N+S+E+W) vscroll = Scrollbar(cframe, orient=VERTICAL, command=canv.yview) hscroll = Scrollbar(cframe, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=canv.xview) vscroll.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=N+S) hscroll.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E+W) canv["xscrollcommand"] = hscroll.set canv["yscrollcommand"] = vscroll.set aframe = Frame(canv) id = canv.create_window(0,0,window=aframe, anchor=N+W) for i in range(0,100): Label(aframe, text=str(i), anchor=N+W).grid(row=i, column=0) aframe.update_idletasks() canv["scrollregion"]=canv.bbox(ALL) root = Tk() m=ShowList(root) root.mainloop() You need to call update_idletasks to force the canvas to be mapped to the screen before you compute the bounding box. Until it's mapped, the bounding box is (0,0,1,1), and of course you need to put the widgets on before you compute the bounding box. You can call update_idletasks through any widget. That said, I wonder if it wouldn't be better to put canvas objects directly on the canvas, instead of putting widgets in a frame. The way you'r doing it, you can't give the widgets tags, and tags are what give the canvas its power. Saul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tkinter/scrollbar/canvas question
It works if you change it like so: from tkinter import * class ShowList(Frame): def __init__(self, root): Frame.__init__(self, root) self.grid() self.draw_widgets() def draw_widgets(self): cframe = Frame(self) cframe.grid(row=1, sticky=N+S+E+W) canv = Canvas(cframe) canv.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=N+S+E+W) vscroll = Scrollbar(cframe, orient=VERTICAL, command=canv.yview) hscroll = Scrollbar(cframe, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=canv.xview) vscroll.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=N+S) hscroll.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E+W) canv["xscrollcommand"] = hscroll.set canv["yscrollcommand"] = vscroll.set aframe = Frame(canv) id = canv.create_window(0,0,window=aframe, anchor=N+W) for i in range(0,100): Label(aframe, text=str(i), anchor=N+W).grid(row=i, column=0) aframe.update_idletasks() canv["scrollregion"]=canv.bbox(ALL) root = Tk() m=ShowList(root) root.mainloop() You need to do the update_idletasks to force the canvas to be mapped before you figure out the bounding box. Until the canvas is mapped to the screen, the bounding box is (0,0,1,1) so there no scrolling possible. (You can call update_ideltasks through any widget.) That said, I wonder why you're putting widgets in the frame instead of putting objects directly on the canvas. The way you're doing it you can't use tags, which are what really give the canvas its power. Saul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Unicode codepoints
Hi,
I'm just starting to learn a bit about Unicode. I want to be able to read a
utf-8 encoded file, and print out the codepoints it encodes. After many false
starts, here's a script that seems to work, but it strikes me as awfully
awkward and unpythonic. Have you a better way?
def codePoints(s):
''' return a list of the Unicode codepoints in the string s '''
answer = []
skip = False
for k, c in enumerate(s):
if skip:
skip = False
answer.append(ord(s[k-1:k+1]))
continue
if not 0xd800 <= ord(c) <= 0xdfff:
answer.append(ord(c))
else:
skip = True
return answer
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = open('test.txt', encoding = 'utf8', errors = 'replace').read()
code = codePoints(s)
for c in code:
print('U+'+hex(c)[2:])
Thanks for any help you can give me.
Saul
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Where is the Demo Directory in Python 3.2?
The documentation refers to the Demo directory in the source. I've downloaded the source tarball for python 3.2 and there's no such directory. I downloaded the source for python 2.7 to check, and the Demo directory is present. Has the directory been moved, renamed or eliminated in 3.2? Thanks for any help you can give me. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: regexp matching end of line or comma
On Nov 25, 8:40 am, Jean-Michel Pichavant
wrote:
> Hy guys,
>
> I'm struggling matching patterns ending with a comma ',' or an end of
> line '$'.
>
> import re
>
> ex1 = 'sumthin,'
> ex2 = 'sumthin'
> m1 = re.match('(?P\S+),', ex1)
> m2 = re.match('(?P\S+)$', ex2)
> m3 = re.match('(?P\S+)[,$]', ex1)
> m4 = re.match('(?P\S+)[,$]', ex2)
>
> print m1, m2
> print m3
> print m4
>
> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x8834de0> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x8834e20>
> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x8834e60>
> None
>
> My problem is that m4 is None while I'd like it to match ex2.
>
> Any clue ?
>
> JM
>From the Regular Expression Syntax documentation:
Special characters are not active inside sets. For example, [akm$]
will match any of the characters 'a', 'k', 'm', or '$';
so in m4, [,$] matches a comma or a literal dollar sign.
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PyQt Installation Problem on Windows
Hi, I've been trying to install PyQt on Windows XP Pro so that I can try out eric ide. I used the binary windows installer for PyQt. I can run eric as administrator, but not with my ordinary user account. By running eric.bat with the --debug flag, I found that he crux of the problem is that if I type import PyQt4 in the python shell, it works for both users, but if I type import PyQt4.QtCore it works for the administrator, but the non-privileged account gets the message ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found. In the file the file pyqtconfig.py from Python26\Lib\site-packages \PyQt4 I have the line 'pyqt_config_args': '--confirm-license -b C:\\Python26\\Lib\\site- packages\\PyQt4\\bin', I checked with a friend who uses eric, and his file does not have the --confirm-license parameter. As far as we can tell, we followed the same installation procedures. By the way, I have tried this with python 3.1 on the same machine with similar results. I've blown a whole day playing with this, so I'd really appreciate any help you can give me. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Double Clicking on .pyw File Doesn't Work in Windows 7
When I double-click on a file with a .pyw extension, nothing appears to happen. Control panel shows that pythonw is associated with this extension, and if I right-click on the filename, the program suggested to open it is pythonw.exe. If I make a desktop shortcut with the target pythonw.exe myScript.pyw, it works as expected. Any ideas? Thanks, Saul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: after_cancel?
W. eWatson wrote: I'm looking a program that I'm not real familiar with that uses an after_cancel method and after_id variable. Are they related to some particular widget and what is there function? Perhaps they are related to a Cancel button on a widget? http://www.pythonware.com/library/tkinter/introduction/x9507-alarm-handlers-and-other.htm -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to write a simple shell loop in python?
Dietrich Bollmann wrote: Hi, I am trying to write a simple shell loop in Python. My simple approach works fine - but the first output line after entering something is always indented by one blank. Is there any logic explanation for this? How can I get rid of the blank? Is there a smarter way to write a simple shell loop which would work better? Thanks, Dietrich Here my approach: $ python Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Jan 4 2009, 17:40:26) [GCC 4.3.2] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. import sys while (1): ... print "$ ", ... input = sys.stdin.readline() ... input = input.strip() ... print input ... print input ... print input ... $ one one one one $ two two two two $ three three three three $ Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 3, in KeyboardInterrupt Strange. I don't have an explanation, but experiment shows that if you change print "$ ", to print "$ " (that is, leave out the comma) then the leading blank is not printed. This behavior doesn't depend on the "print input" statement's being in a loop. By the way, you don't need parens around the loop guard in python: while 1: (or as I prefer, while True:) work just fine. Saul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Problem with 3.0 Install on Windows
I'm running python 2.5.x on Windows XP, and I installed 3.0, just to get familiar with it. I have a directory with all my python projects in my PYTHONPATH variable. When I try to run python 3.0, it detects a syntax error (a print statement) in the first file in this directory, and crashes. I don't want to convert the files to 3.0 syntax, because I plan to keep using 2.5, at least for a while. I don't know exactly why this translation is happening. Is there a way to turn it off? Thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: recursion in Class-methods?
defn noob wrote:
if start == end:
return path
if not self.dictionary.has_key(start):
if start not in self.dictionnary:
return None
for node in self.dictionary[start]:
if node not in path:
newpath = find_path(self.dictionary, node, end, path)
newpath = self.find_path(...)
(snip remaining code - same problems, same solutions...)
it is to incoherent fo follow what you mean here(not meaning to sound
rude i appreciate the help).
I modified your code as shown below, and it seems to work fine. (I
didn't test the shortest path part, just the example you gave.)
class Graph(object):
def __init__(self, dictionary):
self.dictionary = dictionary
def find_path(self, start, end, path=None):
if not path:
path = []
path = path + [start]
if start == end:
return path
if not self.dictionary.has_key(start):
return None
for node in self.dictionary[start]:
if node not in path:
newpath = self.find_path(node, end, path)
if newpath: return newpath
return None
def find_all_paths(self, start, end, path=None):
if not path:
path = []
path = path + [start]
if start == end:
return [path]
if not self.dictionary.has_key(start):
return []
paths = []
for node in self.dictionary[start]:
if node not in path:
newpaths = self.find_all_paths(node, end, path)
for newpath in newpaths:
paths.append(newpath)
return paths
def find_shortest_path(self, start, end, path=None):
if not path:
path = []
path = path + [start]
if start == end:
return path
if not self.dictionary.has_key(start):
return None
shortest = None
for node in self.dictionary[start]:
if node not in path:
newpath = self.find_shortest_path(node, end, path)
if newpath:
if not shortest or len(newpath) < len(shortest):
shortest = newpath
return shortest
g = Graph({'A': ['B', 'C'],
'B': ['C', 'D'],
'C': ['D'],
'D': ['C'],
'E': ['F'],
'F': ['C']})
print g.find_all_paths('A', 'C')
Output:
[['A', 'B', 'C'], ['A', 'B', 'D', 'C'], ['A', 'C']]
Here are the changes I made.
1) Inherit from object. (Anticipation of 3.0)
2) Changed calls such as find_path(self.dictionary, node, end, path) to
self.find_path(node, end, path). In python, an objects methods have no
special privileges in calling its other methods. They call it like
self.otherMethod(...). Also, the first parameter is supposed to be a
Graph object. I'm not sure what the effect of calling it with a
dictionary would be. BTW, "dictionary" seems like an uninformative
name. Why not call it "adjacent" or "neighbor", or "successor"?
3) Changed the default value of path to None, as suggested by Bruno
Desthuilliers. What he's telling you is that the default object is
created only once; when the method is defined. If it's an int or a
string, that doesn't matter. You can't change it, and so you will
always have the same default value if you need it. If it's a mutable
object, like a list, when your method changes it, as with
path = path + [start]
it changes the global default object; the next time you need it, it
won't be [] but whatever you last changed it to.
This last is a tricky point. I hope I've been clear.
Saul
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Re: Question: How do I format printing in python
format the strings: http://www.python.org/doc/2.1.3/lib/typesseq-strings.html [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, How do I format printed data in python? I could not find this in the Python Reference Manual: http://docs.python.org/ref/print.html Nor could I find it in Matloff's great tutorial: http://heather.cs.ucdavis.edu/~matloff/Python/PythonIntro.pdf For example, how do I turn this: 512 Jun 5 2004 X11r6 22 Jan 17 2005 a2p 22 Jan 17 2005 acctcom 5374 Sep 15 2002 acledit 5664 May 13 2004 aclget 12020 May 13 2004 aclput 115734 Jun 2 2004 adb 46518 Jun 4 2004 admin 66750 Sep 16 2002 ali 1453 Sep 15 2002 alias 28150 Jun 4 2004 alog 15 May 12 2005 alstat into this: 512Jun 5 2004X11r6 22 Jan 17 2005a2p 22 Jan 17 2005acctcom 5374 Sep 15 2002acledit 5664 May 13 2004aclget 12020 May 13 2004aclput 115734 Jun 2 2004adb 46518 Jun 4 2004admin 66750 Sep 16 2002ali 1453 Sep 15 2002alias 28150 Jun 4 2004alog 15 May 12 2005alstat Thank you -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Trying to Learn Packages
Cédric Lucantis wrote: Le Sunday 22 June 2008 16:07:37 Saul Spatz, vous avez écrit : Hi, I'm making a project into my first package, mainly for organization, but also to learn how to do it. I have a number of data files, both experimental results and PNG files. My project is organized as a root directory, with two subdirectories, src and data, and directory trees below them. I put the root directory in my pythonpath, and I've no trouble accessing the modules, but for the data, I'm giving relative paths, that depend on the current working directory. This has obvious drawbacks, and hard-coding a directory path is worse. Where the data files are numbers, I can simply incorporate them in python scripts that initialize data structures , but what can I do with the image files? For a small project you can do the same with images or any kind of data, for instance by serializing your objects with pickle in ascii mode and putting the result in a string constant (well, I never did it and can't guarantee it will work, this is only an example of what people do in many situations) What is the usual way of dealing with this? A more conventional way is to provide a configure script to run before compiling/installing. That script should let the user choose where to install datafiles with a command line option such as --datadir=/path or provide a reasonable default value. Then it will auto-generate some code defining this value as a global variable, to make it accessible to the rest of your own code. Ideally, your app would also provide a command line option or an environment variable to override this hard-coded setting at runtime. But maybe the distutils tools have some features for this, I don't know enough of them to tell that. A couple of good ideas here. Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Trying to Learn Packages
Hi, I'm making a project into my first package, mainly for organization, but also to learn how to do it. I have a number of data files, both experimental results and PNG files. My project is organized as a root directory, with two subdirectories, src and data, and directory trees below them. I put the root directory in my pythonpath, and I've no trouble accessing the modules, but for the data, I'm giving relative paths, that depend on the current working directory. This has obvious drawbacks, and hard-coding a directory path is worse. Where the data files are numbers, I can simply incorporate them in python scripts that initialize data structures , but what can I do with the image files? What is the usual way of dealing with this? Thanks, Saul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Learning Python: Code critique please
macoovacany wrote: http://macoovacany.wordpress.com/ When I tried to run it, I got all kinds of syntax errors because of non-ASCII characters; namely, you have fancy left and right single and double quotes. Once I replaced these with the ASCII equivalents, it worked fine. I suggest you use a plain ASCII text editor, like the one that comes with IDLE. HTH, Saul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
