Re: Python's regular expression help
Le 29/04/2010 20:00, goldtech a écrit :
Hi,
Trying to start out with simple things but apparently there's some
basics I need help with. This works OK:
import re
p = re.compile('(ab*)(sss)')
m = p.match( 'absss' )
m.group(0)
'absss'
m.group(1)
'ab'
m.group(2)
'sss'
...
But two questions:
How can I operate a regex on a string variable?
I'm doing something wrong here:
f=r'abss'
f
'abss'
m = p.match( f )
m.group(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#15, line 1, inmodule
m.group(0)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
How do I implement a regex on a multiline string? I thought this
might work but there's problem:
p = re.compile('(ab*)(sss)', re.S)
m = p.match( 'ab\nsss' )
m.group(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#26, line 1, inmodule
m.group(0)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
Thanks for the newbie regex help, Lee
for multiline, I use re.DOTALL
I do not know match(), findall is pretty efficient :
my = a href=\hello world.com\LINK/a
res = re.findall((.*?),my)
res
['LINK']
Dorian
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Re: Python's regular expression help
goldtech wrote:
Hi,
Trying to start out with simple things but apparently there's some
basics I need help with. This works OK:
import re
p = re.compile('(ab*)(sss)')
m = p.match( 'absss' )
m.group(0)
'absss'
m.group(1)
'ab'
m.group(2)
'sss'
...
But two questions:
How can I operate a regex on a string variable?
I'm doing something wrong here:
f=r'abss'
f
'abss'
m = p.match( f )
m.group(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#15, line 1, in module
m.group(0)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
Look closely: the regex contains 3 letter 's', but the string referred
to by f has only 2.
How do I implement a regex on a multiline string? I thought this
might work but there's problem:
p = re.compile('(ab*)(sss)', re.S)
m = p.match( 'ab\nsss' )
m.group(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#26, line 1, in module
m.group(0)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
Thanks for the newbie regex help, Lee
The string contains a newline between the 'b' and the 's', but the regex
isn't expecting any newline (or any other character) between the 'b' and
the 's', hence no match.
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Re: Python's regular expression help
On 04/29/2010 01:00 PM, goldtech wrote:
Trying to start out with simple things but apparently there's some
basics I need help with. This works OK:
import re
p = re.compile('(ab*)(sss)')
m = p.match( 'absss' )
f=r'abss'
f
'abss'
m = p.match( f )
m.group(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#15, line 1, inmodule
m.group(0)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
'absss' != 'abss'
Your regexp looks for 3 s, your f contains only 2. So the
regexp object doesn't, well, match. Try
f = 'absss'
and it will work. As an aside, using raw-strings for this text
doesn't change anything, but if you want, you _can_ write it as
f = r'absss'
if it will make you feel better :)
How do I implement a regex on a multiline string? I thought this
might work but there's problem:
p = re.compile('(ab*)(sss)', re.S)
m = p.match( 'ab\nsss' )
m.group(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#26, line 1, inmodule
m.group(0)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
Well, it depends on what you want to do -- regexps are fairly
precise, so if you want to allow whitespace between the two, you
can use
r = re.compile(r'(ab*)\s*(sss)')
If you want to allow whitespace anywhere, it gets uglier, and
your capture/group results will contain that whitespace:
r'(a\s*b*)\s*(s\s*s\s*s)'
Alternatively, if you don't want to allow arbitrary whitespace
but only newlines, you can use \n* instead of \s*
-tkc
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Re: Python's regular expression help
On Apr 29, 11:49 am, Tim Chase python.l...@tim.thechases.com wrote:
On 04/29/2010 01:00 PM, goldtech wrote:
Trying to start out with simple things but apparently there's some
basics I need help with. This works OK:
import re
p = re.compile('(ab*)(sss)')
m = p.match( 'absss' )
f=r'abss'
f
'abss'
m = p.match( f )
m.group(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#15, line 1, inmodule
m.group(0)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
'absss' != 'abss'
Your regexp looks for 3 s, your f contains only 2. So the
regexp object doesn't, well, match. Try
f = 'absss'
and it will work. As an aside, using raw-strings for this text
doesn't change anything, but if you want, you _can_ write it as
f = r'absss'
if it will make you feel better :)
How do I implement a regex on a multiline string? I thought this
might work but there's problem:
p = re.compile('(ab*)(sss)', re.S)
m = p.match( 'ab\nsss' )
m.group(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#26, line 1, inmodule
m.group(0)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
Well, it depends on what you want to do -- regexps are fairly
precise, so if you want to allow whitespace between the two, you
can use
r = re.compile(r'(ab*)\s*(sss)')
If you want to allow whitespace anywhere, it gets uglier, and
your capture/group results will contain that whitespace:
r'(a\s*b*)\s*(s\s*s\s*s)'
Alternatively, if you don't want to allow arbitrary whitespace
but only newlines, you can use \n* instead of \s*
-tkc
Yes, most of my problem is w/my patterns not w/any python re syntax.
I thought re.S will take a multiline string with any spaces or
newlines and make it appear as one line to the regex. Make /n be
ignored in a way...still playing w/it. Thanks for the help!
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Re: Python's regular expression?
bruno at modulix wrote: From a readability/maintenance POV, Perl is a perfect nightmare. It's certainly true that perl lacks the the eminently readable quality of python. But then so do C, C++, Java, and a lot of other languages. And I'll grant you that perl is more susceptible to the 'executable line-noise' style than most other languages. This results from its heritage as a quick-and-dirty awk/sed type text processing language. But perl doesn't *have* to look that way, and not every perl program is a 'perfect nightmare'. If you follow good practices like turning on strict checking, using readable variable names, avoiding $_, etc, you can produce pretty readable and maintainable code. It takes some discipline, but it's very doable. I've worked with some perl programs for over 5 years without any trouble. About the only thing you can't avoid are the sigils everywhere. Would I recommend perl for readable, maintainable code? No, not when better options like Python are available. But it can be done with some effort. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python's regular expression?
On Wed, 10 May 2006 06:44:27 GMT in comp.lang.python, Edward Elliott [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Would I recommend perl for readable, maintainable code? No, not when better options like Python are available. But it can be done with some effort. I'm reminded of a comment made a few years ago by John Levine, moderator of comp.compilers. He said something like It's clearly possible to write good code in C++. It's just that no one does. Regards, -=Dave -- Change is inevitable, progress is not. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python's regular expression?
Dave Hansen wrote: On Wed, 10 May 2006 06:44:27 GMT in comp.lang.python, Edward Elliott [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Would I recommend perl for readable, maintainable code? No, not when better options like Python are available. But it can be done with some effort. I'm reminded of a comment made a few years ago by John Levine, moderator of comp.compilers. He said something like It's clearly possible to write good code in C++. It's just that no one does. Reminds me of the quote that used to appear on the front page of the ViewCVS project (seems to have gone now that they've moved and renamed themselves to ViewVC). Can't recall the attribution off the top of my head: [Perl] combines the power of C with the readability of PostScript Scathing ... but very funny :-) Dave. -- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python's regular expression?
Hi Duncan
Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
Which translates to
match = re.search('(blue|white|red)', t)
if match:
else:
if match:
else:
if match:
This of course gives priority to colours and only looks for garments or
footwear if the it hasn't matched on a prior pattern. If you actually
wanted to match the first occurrence of any of these (or if the condition
was re.match instead of re.search) then named groups can be a nice way of
simplifying the code:
A good point. And a good example when to use named
capture group references. This is easily extended
for 'spitting out' all other occuring categories
(see below).
PATTERN = '''
(?Pcblue|white|red)
...
This is one nice thing in Pythons Regex Syntax,
you have to emulate the ?P-thing in other
Regex-Systems more or less 'awk'-wardly ;-)
For something this simple the titles and group names could be the
same, but I'm assuming real code might need a bit more.
Non no, this is quite good because it involves
some math-generated table-code lookup.
I managed somehow to extend your example in order
to spit out all matches and their corresponding
category:
import re
PATTERN = '''
(?Pcblue |white |red)
| (?Pgsocks|tights)
| (?Pfboot |shoe |trainer)
'''
PATTERN = re.compile(PATTERN , re.VERBOSE)
TITLES = { 'c': 'Colour', 'g': 'Garment', 'f': 'Footwear' }
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
for match in PATTERN.finditer(t):
grp = match.lastgroup
print %s: %s %( TITLES[grp], match.group(grp) )
which writes out the expected:
Colour: blue
Garment: socks
Colour: red
Footwear: shoe
The corresponding Perl-program would look like this:
$PATTERN = qr/
(blue |white |red)(?{'c'})
| (socks|tights)(?{'g'})
| (boot |shoe |trainer)(?{'f'})
/x;
%TITLES = (c ='Colour', g ='Garment', f ='Footwear');
$t = 'blue socks and red shoes';
print $TITLES{$^R}: $^N\n while( $t=~/$PATTERN/g );
and prints the same:
Colour: blue
Garment: socks
Colour: red
Footwear: shoe
You don't have nice named match references (?P..)
in Perl-5, so you have to emulate this by an ordinary
code assertion (?{..}) an set some value ($^R) on
the fly - which is not that bad in the end (imho).
(?{..}) means zero with code assertion,
this sets Perl-predefined $^R to its evaluated
value from the {...}
As you can see, the pattern matching related part
reduces from 4 lines to one line.
If you wouldn't need dictionary lookup and
get away with associated categories, all
you'd have to do would be this:
$PATTERN = qr/
(blue |white |red)(?{'Colour'})
| (socks|tights)(?{'Garment'})
| (boot |shoe |trainer)(?{'Footwear'})
/x;
$t = 'blue socks and red shoes';
print $^R: $^N\n while( $t=~/$PATTERN/g );
What's the point of all that? IMHO, Python's
Regex support is quite good and useful, but
won't give you an edge over Perl's in the end.
Thanks Regards
Mirco
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Re: Python's regular expression?
Davy wrote:
Hi all,
(snip)
Does Python support robust regular expression like Perl?
Yes.
And Python and Perl's File content manipulation, which is better?
From a raw perf and write-only POV, Perl clearly beats Python (regarding
I/O, Perl is faster than C - or it least it was the last time I benched
it on a Linux box).
From a readability/maintenance POV, Perl is a perfect nightmare.
Any suggestions will be appreciated!
http://pythonology.org/successstory=esr
--
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python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
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Re: Python's regular expression?
Mirco Wahab wrote:
If you wouldn't need dictionary lookup and
get away with associated categories, all
you'd have to do would be this:
$PATTERN = qr/
(blue |white |red)(?{'Colour'})
| (socks|tights)(?{'Garment'})
| (boot |shoe |trainer)(?{'Footwear'})
/x;
$t = 'blue socks and red shoes';
print $^R: $^N\n while( $t=~/$PATTERN/g );
What's the point of all that? IMHO, Python's
Regex support is quite good and useful, but
won't give you an edge over Perl's in the end.
If you are desperate to collapse the code down to a single print statement
you can do that easily in Python as well:
PATTERN = '''
(?PColourblue |white |red)
| (?PGarmentsocks|tights)
| (?PFootwearboot |shoe |trainer)
'''
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
print '\n'.join(%s:%s % (match.lastgroup,
match.group(match.lastgroup))
for match in re.finditer(PATTERN, t, re.VERBOSE))
Colour:blue
Garment:socks
Colour:red
Footwear:shoe
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Re: Python's regular expression?
Davy [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Does Python support robust regular expression like Perl? Yep, Python regular expression is robust. Have a look at the Regex Howto: http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/regex/ and the re module: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-re.html -- Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog Nothing is more dangerous than an idea if it's the only one you have - E. A. Chartier -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python's regular expression?
Hi Davy wrote: I am a C/C++/Perl user and want to switch to Python OK (I found Python is more similar to C). ;-) More similar than what? Does Python support robust regular expression like Perl? It supports them fairly good, but it's not 'integrated' - at least it feels not integrated for me ;-) If you did a lot of Perl, you know what 'integrated' means ... And Python and Perl's File content manipulation, which is better? What is a 'file content manipulation'? Did you mean 'good xxx level file IO', where xxx means either 'low' or 'high'? Any suggestions will be appreciated! Just try to start a small project in Python - from source that you already have in C or Perl or something. Regards Mirco -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python's regular expression?
Hi Mirco, Thank you! More similar than Perl ;-) And what's 'integrated' mean (must include some library)? I like C++ file I/O, is it 'low' or 'high'? Regards, Davy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python's regular expression?
By the way, is there any tutorial talk about how to use the Python Shell (IDE). I wish it simple like VC++ :) Regards, Davy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python's regular expression?
Hi Davy
More similar than Perl ;-)
But C has { }'s everywhere, so has Perl ;-)
And what's 'integrated' mean (must include some library)?
Yes. In Python, regular expressions are just
another function library - you use them like
in Java or C.
In Perl, it's part of the core language, you
use the awk-style (eg: /.../) regular expressions
everywhere you want.
If you used regexp in C/C++ before, you can use them
in almost the same way in Python - which may give you
an easy start.
BTW. Python has some fine extensions to the
perl(5)-Regexes, e.g. 'named backreferences'.
But you won't see much regular expressions
in Python code posted to this group, maybe
because it looks clunky - which is unpythonic ;-)
Lets see - a really simple find/match
would look like this in Python:
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
p = re.compile('(blue|white|red)')
if p.match(t):
print t
which prints the text 't' because of
the positive pattern match.
In Perl, you write:
use Acme::Pythonic;
$t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if ($t =~ /(blue|white|red)/):
print $t
which is one line shorter (no need
to compile the regular expression
in advance).
I like C++ file I/O, is it 'low' or 'high'?
C++ has afaik actually three levels of I/O:
(1) - (from C, very low) operating system level, included
by io.h which provides direct access to operating system
services (read(), write(), lseek() etc.)
(2) - C-Standard-Library buffered IO, included by stdio.h,
provides structured 'mid-level' access like (block-) fread()/
fwrite(), line read (fgets()) and formatted I/O (fprintf()/
fscanf())
(3) - C++/streams library (high level, fstream, iostream, sstream),
which abstracts out the i/o devices, provides the same set of
functionality for any abstract input or output.
Perl provides all three levels of I/O, the 'abstracting' is introduced
by modules which tie 'handle variables' to anything that may receive
or send data.
Python also does a good job on all three levels, but provides
the (low level) operating system I/O by external modules (afaik).
I didn't do much I/O in Python, so I can't say much here.
Regards
Mirco
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Re: Python's regular expression?
On 8/05/2006 10:31 PM, Mirco Wahab wrote:
[snip]
Lets see - a really simple find/match
would look like this in Python:
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
p = re.compile('(blue|white|red)')
if p.match(t):
What do you expect when t == green socks and red shoes? Is it possible
that you mean to use search() rather than match()?
print t
which prints the text 't' because of
the positive pattern match.
In Perl, you write:
use Acme::Pythonic;
$t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if ($t =~ /(blue|white|red)/):
print $t
which is one line shorter (no need
to compile the regular expression
in advance).
There is no need to compile the regex in advance in Python, either.
Please consider the module-level function search() ...
if re.search(rblue|white|red, t):
# also, no need for () in the regex.
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Re: Python's regular expression?
Mirco Wahab wrote:
Lets see - a really simple find/match
would look like this in Python:
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
p = re.compile('(blue|white|red)')
if p.match(t):
print t
which prints the text 't' because of
the positive pattern match.
In Perl, you write:
use Acme::Pythonic;
$t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if ($t =~ /(blue|white|red)/):
print $t
which is one line shorter (no need
to compile the regular expression
in advance).
There is no need to compile the regular expression in advance in Python
either:
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if re.match('(blue|white|red)', t):
print t
The only advantage to compiling in advance is a small speed up, and most of
the time that won't be significant.
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Re: Python's regular expression?
Hi John
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
p = re.compile('(blue|white|red)')
if p.match(t):
What do you expect when t == green socks and red shoes? Is it possible
that you mean to use search() rather than match()?
This is interesting.
What's in this example the difference then between:
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if re.compile('blue|white|red').match(t):
print t
and
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if re.search('blue|white|red', t):
print t
There is no need to compile the regex in advance in Python, either.
Please consider the module-level function search() ...
if re.search(rblue|white|red, t):
# also, no need for () in the regex.
Thats true. Thank you for pointing this out.
But what would be an appropriate use
of search() vs. match()? When to use what?
I answered the posting in the first place
because also I'm coming from a C/C++/Perl
background and trying to get along in Python.
Thanks,
Mirco
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Re: Python's regular expression?
Hi Duncan
There is no need to compile the regular expression in advance in Python
either:
...
The only advantage to compiling in advance is a small speed up, and most of
the time that won't be significant.
I read 'some' introductions into Python Regexes
and got confused in the first place when to use
what and why.
After some minutes in this NG I start to get
the picture. So I narrowed the above regex-question
down to a nice equivalence between Perl and Python:
Python:
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if re.match('blue|white|red', t):
print t
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if re.search('blue|white|red', t):
print t
Perl:
use Acme::Pythonic;
$t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if $t =~ /blue|white|red/:
print $t
And Python Regexes eventually lost (for me) some of
their (what I believed) 'clunky appearance' ;-)
Thanks
Mirco
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Re: Python's regular expression?
On 8/05/2006 11:13 PM, Mirco Wahab wrote:
Hi John
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
p = re.compile('(blue|white|red)')
if p.match(t):
What do you expect when t == green socks and red shoes? Is it possible
that you mean to use search() rather than match()?
This is interesting.
What's in this example the difference then between:
I suggest that you (a) read the description on the difference between
search and match in the manual (b) try out search and match on both
your original string and the one I proposed.
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if re.compile('blue|white|red').match(t):
print t
and
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if re.search('blue|white|red', t):
print t
[snip]
But what would be an appropriate use
of search() vs. match()? When to use what?
ReadTheFantasticManual :-)
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Re: Python's regular expression?
Hi John
But what would be an appropriate use
of search() vs. match()? When to use what?
ReadTheFantasticManual :-)
From the manual you mentioned, i don't get
the point of 'match'. So why should you use
an extra function entry match(),
re.match('whatever', t):
which is, according to the FM,
equivalent to (a special case of?)
re.search('^whatever', t):
For me, it looks like match() should
be used on simple string comparisons
like a 'ramped up C-strcmp()'.
Or isn't ist? Maybe I dont get it ;-)
Thanks
Mirco
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Re: Python's regular expression?
Mirco Wahab [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
After some minutes in this NG I start to get
the picture. So I narrowed the above regex-question
down to a nice equivalence between Perl and Python:
Python:
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if re.match('blue|white|red', t):
print t
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if re.search('blue|white|red', t):
print t
Perl:
use Acme::Pythonic;
$t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if $t =~ /blue|white|red/:
print $t
And Python Regexes eventually lost (for me) some of
their (what I believed) 'clunky appearance' ;-)
If you are used to perl regexes there is one clunkiness of python
regexpes which you'll notice eventually...
Let's make the above example a bit more real world, ie use the
matched item in some way...
Perl:
$t = 'blue socks and red shoes';
if ( $t =~ /(blue|white|red)/ )
{
print Colour: $1\n;
}
Which prints
Colour: blue
In python you have to express this like
import re
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
match = re.search('(blue|white|red)', t)
if match:
print Colour:, match.group(1)
Note the extra variable match. You can't do assignment in an
expression in python which makes for the extra verbiosity, and you
need a variable to store the result of the match in (since python
doesn't have the magic $1..$9 variables).
This becomes particularly frustrating when you have to do a series of
regexp matches, eg
if ( $t =~ /(blue|white|red)/ )
{
print Colour: $1\n;
}
elsif ( $t =~ /(socks|tights)/)
{
print Garment: $1\n;
}
elsif ( $t =~ /(boot|shoe|trainer)/)
{
print Footwear: $1\n;
}
Which translates to
match = re.search('(blue|white|red)', t)
if match:
print Colour:, match.group(1)
else:
match = re.search('(socks|tights)', t)
if match:
print Garment:, match.group(1)
else:
match = re.search('(boot|shoe|trainer)', t)
if match:
print Footwear:, match.group(1)
# indented ad infinitum!
You can use a helper class to get over this frustration like this
import re
class Matcher:
def search(self, r,s):
self.value = re.search(r,s)
return self.value
def __getitem__(self, i):
return self.value.group(i)
m = Matcher()
t = 'blue socks and red shoes'
if m.search(r'(blue|white|red)', t):
print Colour:, m[1]
elif m.search(r'(socks|tights)', t):
print Garment:, m[1]
elif m.search(r'(boot|shoe|trainer)', t):
print Footwear:, m[1]
Having made the transition from perl to python a couple of years ago,
I find myself using regexpes much less. In perl everything looks like
it needs a regexp, but python has a much richer set of string methods,
eg .startswith, .endswith, good subscripting and the nice in
operator for strings.
--
Nick Craig-Wood [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick
--
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Re: Python's regular expression?
Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
Which translates to
match = re.search('(blue|white|red)', t)
if match:
print Colour:, match.group(1)
else:
match = re.search('(socks|tights)', t)
if match:
print Garment:, match.group(1)
else:
match = re.search('(boot|shoe|trainer)', t)
if match:
print Footwear:, match.group(1)
# indented ad infinitum!
This of course gives priority to colours and only looks for garments or
footwear if the it hasn't matched on a prior pattern. If you actually
wanted to match the first occurrence of any of these (or if the condition
was re.match instead of re.search) then named groups can be a nice way of
simplifying the code:
PATTERN = '''
(?Pcblue|white|red)
| (?Pgsocks|tights)
| (?Pfboot|shoe|trainer)
'''
PATTERN = re.compile(PATTERN, re.VERBOSE)
TITLES = { 'c': 'Colour', 'g': 'Garment', 'f': 'Footwear' }
match = PATTERN.search(t)
if match:
grp = match.lastgroup
print %s: %s % (TITLES[grp], match.group(grp))
For something this simple the titles and group names could be the same, but
I'm assuming real code might need a bit more.
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