Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-16 Thread Jim B.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 One thing I've never been able to explain to people is: Why do the
 big Celwave, Sinclair, etc. StationMaster type antennas have only
 5.2 dB gain? Actually, the 2-meter range ones are listed as typically
 having only 4.8 dB gain, after putting the longer, lower-frequency
 elements in the 22' long or so radome.
 
 The typical 5/8 wave mobile antennas have 3 dB gain, some of the
 ham-grade antennas claim 7-8 (and even 10 dB gain). I occasionally
 get asked, why do you use one of those expensive, low-gain Sinclair,
 Celwave, etc. antennas instead of Hustlers, Diamonds, etc that have
 so much more gain? Even the big Scala OG-4 2-Meter antennas are 4 dB
 gain, if I remember correctly.
 
 I've always been at a loss to explain, but having tried some of these
 amateur antennas, I see quite a performance difference (for the
 better, of course) when I go back to using the real
 commercial-grade antennas.
 
 I'm sure there must be something simple that I'm overlooking.
 
 LJ

Remember that dB gain is a relative term, not absolute. Normally, mobile 
antenna gain is referenced to a quarter-wave whip on a metallic roof for 
a ground plane, where base antennas are referenced to a dipole, which is 
different. I forgett the exact number, but a diploe is something like 
1dB above a 1/4-wave GP.
A lot of amateur-grade antennas are referenced either to a 1/4-wave, or 
worse yet, an isotropic source, which is a theoretical point-source 
antenna. A dipole is about 2.1dB over an isotropic, I think.

-- 
Jim Barbour
WD8CHL





 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-14 Thread Don Jennings KI0EO
Hi John,
 I'll bet a lot of  people here have been there.

Don  KI0EO


JOHN MACKEY wrote:

Don-
Now tell everyone about your experiences with the 7.06 Spectrum ham grade
repeater!!






 
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RE: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread Jamey Wright
Scott, I don't see the antennas link.

Jamey Wright
Systems Analyst
Morgan County EMCD 911
Decatur, Al
256-552-0911


-Original Message-
From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Scott Zimmerman
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 1:22 PM
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

All,

Check out this page:
www.repeater-builder.com/products

Click on the antennas link

Scott

Scott Zimmerman
Amateur Radio Call N3XCC
612 Barnett Rd
Boswell, PA 15531





 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread KD5SFA
http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

-Original Message-
From: Scott Zimmerman [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: May 13, 2005 2:22 PM
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

All,

Check out this page:
www.repeater-builder.com/products

Click on the antennas link

Scott

Scott Zimmerman
Amateur Radio Call N3XCC
612 Barnett Rd
Boswell, PA 15531





 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread Dave VanHorn
At 01:22 PM 5/13/2005, Scott Zimmerman wrote:
All,

Check out this page:
www.repeater-builder.com/products

Click on the antennas link

What antennas link?





 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread Dave VanHorn
At 01:39 PM 5/13/2005, KD5SFA wrote:
http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

Ah!  The SECRET antennas link.!

Maybe that's why sales are down? :)





 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread Scott Zimmerman
Nope, Just me after a long week getting ready for Dayton. Try it again
please...

http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

Scott

Scott Zimmerman
Amateur Radio Call N3XCC
612 Barnett Rd
Boswell, PA 15531

- Original Message -
From: Dave VanHorn [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com; Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 3:24 PM
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products


 At 01:39 PM 5/13/2005, KD5SFA wrote:
 http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

 Ah!  The SECRET antennas link.!

 Maybe that's why sales are down? :)






 Yahoo! Groups Links








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 Checked by AVG Anti-Virus.
 Version: 7.0.308 / Virus Database: 266.11.8 - Release Date: 5/10/2005







 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread [EMAIL PROTECTED]
One thing I've never been able to explain to people is: Why do the big Celwave, 
Sinclair, etc. StationMaster type antennas have only 5.2 dB gain? Actually, 
the 2-meter range ones are listed as typically having only 4.8 dB gain, after 
putting the longer, lower-frequency elements in the 22' long or so radome. 

The typical 5/8 wave mobile antennas have 3 dB gain, some of the ham-grade 
antennas claim 7-8 (and even 10 dB gain). I occasionally get asked, why do you 
use one of those expensive, low-gain Sinclair, Celwave, etc. antennas instead 
of Hustlers, Diamonds, etc that have so much more gain? Even the big Scala OG-4 
2-Meter antennas are 4 dB gain, if I remember correctly.

I've always been at a loss to explain, but having tried some of these amateur 
antennas, I see quite a performance difference (for the better, of course) when 
I go back to using the real commercial-grade antennas.

I'm sure there must be something simple that I'm overlooking.

LJ



-Original Message-
From: Scott Zimmerman [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: May 13, 2005 1:45 PM
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other  products

Nope, Just me after a long week getting ready for Dayton. Try it again
please...

http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

Scott

Scott Zimmerman
Amateur Radio Call N3XCC
612 Barnett Rd
Boswell, PA 15531

- Original Message -
From: Dave VanHorn [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com; Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 3:24 PM
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products


 At 01:39 PM 5/13/2005, KD5SFA wrote:
 http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

 Ah!  The SECRET antennas link.!

 Maybe that's why sales are down? :)






 Yahoo! Groups Links








 --
 No virus found in this incoming message.
 Checked by AVG Anti-Virus.
 Version: 7.0.308 / Virus Database: 266.11.8 - Release Date: 5/10/2005







 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread Russ
It is all in the rating.
The big guys use DBD (the way to go)
Many Ham grade antennas use DBi
or the new fake or made up DBC
Stick with DBD you will never go wrong!
If you note QST will not print an antenna gain unless
it is in DBD.
73 Russ,

- Original Message - 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 5:44 PM
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products


 One thing I've never been able to explain to people is: Why do the big
Celwave, Sinclair, etc. StationMaster type antennas have only 5.2 dB gain?
Actually, the 2-meter range ones are listed as typically having only 4.8 dB
gain, after putting the longer, lower-frequency elements in the 22' long or
so radome.

 The typical 5/8 wave mobile antennas have 3 dB gain, some of the
ham-grade antennas claim 7-8 (and even 10 dB gain). I occasionally get
asked, why do you use one of those expensive, low-gain Sinclair, Celwave,
etc. antennas instead of Hustlers, Diamonds, etc that have so much more
gain? Even the big Scala OG-4 2-Meter antennas are 4 dB gain, if I remember
correctly.

 I've always been at a loss to explain, but having tried some of these
amateur antennas, I see quite a performance difference (for the better, of
course) when I go back to using the real commercial-grade antennas.

 I'm sure there must be something simple that I'm overlooking.

 LJ



 -Original Message-
 From: Scott Zimmerman [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Sent: May 13, 2005 1:45 PM
 To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
 Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other
products

 Nope, Just me after a long week getting ready for Dayton. Try it again
 please...

 http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

 Scott

 Scott Zimmerman
 Amateur Radio Call N3XCC
 612 Barnett Rd
 Boswell, PA 15531

 - Original Message -
 From: Dave VanHorn [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com; Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
 Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 3:24 PM
 Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other
products


  At 01:39 PM 5/13/2005, KD5SFA wrote:
  http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html
 
  Ah!  The SECRET antennas link.!
 
  Maybe that's why sales are down? :)
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Yahoo! Groups Links
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  --
  No virus found in this incoming message.
  Checked by AVG Anti-Virus.
  Version: 7.0.308 / Virus Database: 266.11.8 - Release Date: 5/10/2005
 
 






 Yahoo! Groups Links












 Yahoo! Groups Links













 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread NØATH
Anytime I ever questioned this I was always told  The Antenna gain is always 
set by the advertising department.
I think that must be fairly close to correct.
Dave / 

- Original Message - 
From: Russ [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 5:54 PM
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products


It is all in the rating.
The big guys use DBD (the way to go)
Many Ham grade antennas use DBi
or the new fake or made up DBC
Stick with DBD you will never go wrong!
If you note QST will not print an antenna gain unless
it is in DBD.
73 Russ,

- Original Message - 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 5:44 PM
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products


 One thing I've never been able to explain to people is: Why do the big
Celwave, Sinclair, etc. StationMaster type antennas have only 5.2 dB gain?
Actually, the 2-meter range ones are listed as typically having only 4.8 dB
gain, after putting the longer, lower-frequency elements in the 22' long or
so radome.

 The typical 5/8 wave mobile antennas have 3 dB gain, some of the
ham-grade antennas claim 7-8 (and even 10 dB gain). I occasionally get
asked, why do you use one of those expensive, low-gain Sinclair, Celwave,
etc. antennas instead of Hustlers, Diamonds, etc that have so much more
gain? Even the big Scala OG-4 2-Meter antennas are 4 dB gain, if I remember
correctly.

 I've always been at a loss to explain, but having tried some of these
amateur antennas, I see quite a performance difference (for the better, of
course) when I go back to using the real commercial-grade antennas.

 I'm sure there must be something simple that I'm overlooking.

 LJ



 -Original Message-
 From: Scott Zimmerman [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Sent: May 13, 2005 1:45 PM
 To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
 Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other
products

 Nope, Just me after a long week getting ready for Dayton. Try it again
 please...

 http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

 Scott

 Scott Zimmerman
 Amateur Radio Call N3XCC
 612 Barnett Rd
 Boswell, PA 15531

 - Original Message -
 From: Dave VanHorn [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com; Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
 Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 3:24 PM
 Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other
products


  At 01:39 PM 5/13/2005, KD5SFA wrote:
  http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html
 
  Ah!  The SECRET antennas link.!
 
  Maybe that's why sales are down? :)
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Yahoo! Groups Links
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  --
  No virus found in this incoming message.
  Checked by AVG Anti-Virus.
  Version: 7.0.308 / Virus Database: 266.11.8 - Release Date: 5/10/2005
 
 






 Yahoo! Groups Links












 Yahoo! Groups Links













 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread Don Jennings KI0EO






My experience,
My first VHF repeater on a really big tower and I installed one of
those "high gain dual band base/repeater antennas."
Well static desense finally set in after a couple months, so I decided
to purchase a commercial grade DB products antenna for my ham repeater.
I think the ham antenna was spec'd at 7 db gain and the commercial
antenna was an honest 3db gain DB 222 I think.
Well, I had to finally take down the ham antenna before the new one
arrived, fiberglass was full of water, and so I mounted a quarter wave
mag mount
on top of the building at the base of the tower while I waited for the
new antenna to arrive in a few weeks.
Well the quarter wave antenna preformed almost as well as the dual band
up 175 ft higher.
When the new antenna arrived WOW, what an increase in performance.
One of the local ham guys (works at a Moto shop) had always preached
to me about commercial grade antennas and was he right.
Never again, I sigh every time I go work on some of the area ham
repeaters from the local ham clubs and see the antenna system.
The argument usually always gets down to, well it has higher gain. A
quick question of how do you check for desense and that
is where I usually stop talking, at that point it is useless.
So ham antennas for repeaters, been there did that, not doing it again.

Don KI0EO






NATH wrote:

  Anytime I ever questioned this I was always told " The Antenna gain is always set by the advertising department."
I think that must be fairly close to correct.
Dave / 

- Original Message - 
From: "Russ" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 5:54 PM
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products


It is all in the rating.
The big guys use DBD (the way to go)
Many Ham grade antennas use DBi
or the new fake or made up DBC
Stick with DBD you will never go wrong!
If you note QST will not print an antenna gain unless
it is in DBD.
73 Russ,

- Original Message - 
From: "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 5:44 PM
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products


  
  
One thing I've never been able to explain to people is: Why do the big

  
  Celwave, Sinclair, etc. "StationMaster" type antennas have only 5.2 dB gain?
Actually, the 2-meter range ones are listed as typically having only 4.8 dB
gain, after putting the longer, lower-frequency elements in the 22' long or
so radome.
  
  
The typical 5/8 wave mobile antennas have "3 dB gain", some of the

  
  "ham-grade" antennas claim 7-8 (and even 10 dB gain). I occasionally get
asked, why do you use one of those expensive, low-gain Sinclair, Celwave,
etc. antennas instead of Hustlers, Diamonds, etc that have so much more
gain? Even the big Scala OG-4 2-Meter antennas are 4 dB gain, if I remember
correctly.
  
  
I've always been at a loss to explain, but having tried some of these

  
  amateur antennas, I see quite a performance difference (for the better, of
course) when I go back to using the "real" commercial-grade antennas.
  
  
I'm sure there must be something simple that I'm overlooking.

LJ



-Original Message-
From: Scott Zimmerman [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: May 13, 2005 1:45 PM
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other

  
  products
  
  
Nope, Just me after a long week getting ready for Dayton. Try it again
please...

http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

Scott

Scott Zimmerman
Amateur Radio Call N3XCC
612 Barnett Rd
Boswell, PA 15531

- Original Message -
From: "Dave VanHorn" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com; Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 3:24 PM
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other

  
  products
  
  



  At 01:39 PM 5/13/2005, KD5SFA wrote:
  
  
http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html

  
  Ah!  The SECRET antennas link.!

Maybe that's why sales are down? :)






Yahoo! Groups Links








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Checked by AVG Anti-Virus.
Version: 7.0.308 / Virus Database: 266.11.8 - Release Date: 5/10/2005


  






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To

Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread Ralph Mowery

--- [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 One thing I've never been able to explain to people
 is: Why do the big Celwave, Sinclair, etc.
 StationMaster type antennas have only 5.2 dB gain?
 Actually, the 2-meter range ones are listed as
 typically having only 4.8 dB gain, after putting the
 longer, lower-frequency elements in the 22' long or
 so radome. 
 
 The typical 5/8 wave mobile antennas have 3 dB
 gain, some of the ham-grade antennas claim 7-8
 (and even 10 dB gain). I occasionally get asked, why
 do you use one of those expensive, low-gain
 Sinclair, Celwave, etc. antennas instead of
 Hustlers, Diamonds, etc that have so much more gain?
 Even the big Scala OG-4 2-Meter antennas are 4 dB
 gain, if I remember correctly.
 
 I've always been at a loss to explain, but having
 tried some of these amateur antennas, I see quite a
 performance difference (for the better, of course)
 when I go back to using the real commercial-grade
 antennas.
 
 I'm sure there must be something simple that I'm
 overlooking.
 
 LJ

It is all just advertising.  The comercial 4 to 6 db
gain antennas are refferanced to a dipole antenna. 
The 'ham' antennas are reffranced to isotropic, or 1/4
wave antennas or maybe a handy talkey rubber duck.
Many times the numbers just seem to be made up.
Just as you will see things advertised on TV that can
not hapen.  Just look at the car and truck comercials.
 Do you think they can do some of that if you were to
buy one ?




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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread JOHN MACKEY
Don-
Now tell everyone about your experiences with the 7.06 Spectrum ham grade
repeater!!

KS0F

-- Original Message --
Received: Fri, 13 May 2005 08:37:32 PM CDT
From: Don Jennings KI0EO [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other  products

 My experience,
  My first VHF repeater on a really big tower and I installed one of 
 those high gain dual band base/repeater antennas.
 Well static desense finally set in after a couple months, so I decided 
 to purchase a commercial grade DB products antenna for my ham repeater.
 I think the ham antenna was spec'd at 7 db gain and the commercial 
 antenna was an honest 3db gain DB 222 I think.
 Well, I had to finally take down the ham antenna before the new one 
 arrived, fiberglass was full of water, and so I mounted a quarter wave 
 mag mount
 on top of the building at the base of the tower while I waited for the 
 new antenna to arrive in a few weeks.
 Well the quarter wave antenna preformed almost as well as the dual band 
 up 175 ft higher.
 When the new antenna arrived WOW, what an increase in performance.
  One of the local ham guys (works at a Moto shop) had always preached to 
 me about commercial grade antennas and was he right.
 Never again, I sigh every time I go work on some of the area ham 
 repeaters from the local ham clubs and see the antenna system.
 The argument usually always gets down to, well it has higher gain. A 
 quick question of how do you check for desense and that
 is where I usually stop talking, at that point it is useless.
 So ham antennas for repeaters, been there did that, not doing it again.
 
 Don   KI0EO
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NØATH wrote:
 
 Anytime I ever questioned this I was always told  The Antenna gain is
always set by the advertising department.
 I think that must be fairly close to correct.
 Dave / 
 
 - Original Message - 
 From: Russ [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
 Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 5:54 PM
 Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other
products
 
 
 It is all in the rating.
 The big guys use DBD (the way to go)
 Many Ham grade antennas use DBi
 or the new fake or made up DBC
 Stick with DBD you will never go wrong!
 If you note QST will not print an antenna gain unless
 it is in DBD.
 73 Russ,
 
 - Original Message - 
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
 Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 5:44 PM
 Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other
products
 
 
   
 
 One thing I've never been able to explain to people is: Why do the big
 
 
 Celwave, Sinclair, etc. StationMaster type antennas have only 5.2 dB
gain?
 Actually, the 2-meter range ones are listed as typically having only 4.8
dB
 gain, after putting the longer, lower-frequency elements in the 22' long
or
 so radome.
   
 
 The typical 5/8 wave mobile antennas have 3 dB gain, some of the
 
 
 ham-grade antennas claim 7-8 (and even 10 dB gain). I occasionally get
 asked, why do you use one of those expensive, low-gain Sinclair, Celwave,
 etc. antennas instead of Hustlers, Diamonds, etc that have so much more
 gain? Even the big Scala OG-4 2-Meter antennas are 4 dB gain, if I
remember
 correctly.
   
 
 I've always been at a loss to explain, but having tried some of these
 
 
 amateur antennas, I see quite a performance difference (for the better, of
 course) when I go back to using the real commercial-grade antennas.
   
 
 I'm sure there must be something simple that I'm overlooking.
 
 LJ
 
 
 
 -Original Message-
 From: Scott Zimmerman [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Sent: May 13, 2005 1:45 PM
 To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
 Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other
 
 
 products
   
 
 Nope, Just me after a long week getting ready for Dayton. Try it again
 please...
 
 http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html
 
 Scott
 
 Scott Zimmerman
 Amateur Radio Call N3XCC
 612 Barnett Rd
 Boswell, PA 15531
 
 - Original Message -
 From: Dave VanHorn [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com;
Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
 Sent: Friday, May 13, 2005 3:24 PM
 Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other
 
 
 products
   
 
 
 
 At 01:39 PM 5/13/2005, KD5SFA wrote:
   
 
 http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/antennas.html
 
 
 Ah!  The SECRET antennas link.!
 
 Maybe that's why sales are down? :)
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Re: [Repeater-Builder] Repeater-Builder antennas and other products

2005-05-13 Thread no6b
At 18:54 5/13/2005 -0400, you wrote:
It is all in the rating.
The big guys use DBD (the way to go)
Many Ham grade antennas use DBi
or the new fake or made up DBC
Stick with DBD you will never go wrong!
If you note QST will not print an antenna gain unless
it is in DBD.
73 Russ,

I prefer dBi, but it really doesn't matter as long as the manufacturer 
states dbi or dBd.  Without the reference a gain figure is useless.

Bob NO6B






 
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