Re: [SLUG] Thanks triple boot question
Both kernels are the ones that came of the disk. Windows 200o was installed first the redhat 7.1 the Redhat 7.0. image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16-22 That line would be fine. But I am trying to get the images from another partition it's not in that /boot directory. It's in a /boot directy but in the hda7 (Redhat 7.0) not in hda5 (Redhat 7.1). All I can boot into at the moment is hda5 until I can some how work out how to get the image file to load in lilo.conf file. Thats where I am having trouble. If you can think of an easier way I should do it please let me know I'm not affaird to format alla nd start again if it sounds liek it'll work. Thanks again. Andy Eager [EMAIL PROTECTED] 09/20/01 05:22PM Adam Vaughan wrote: Redhat 7.1 is on a partition when I installed it I gave it it's own /boot and /swap. the /boot and /swap I made big enough to support 4 linux version. Redhat 7.0 is on it's own partition, sharing the /swap /boot . I didn't think it would do this but because there was already a linux native /swap and /boot it didn't ask me to create one in the install. By the line I mean the: image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16-22 root=/dev/hda7 (7 is the partition with Redhat 7.0) What what I put in there instead? Thanks, Adam. Your lilo should look something like this: ... Common stuff up top image = /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16-22 label = linux7.0 root = /dev/hda7 image = /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.2-2(assuming you are running the kernel that came with the disk) label = linux7.1 root = /dev/hdaX The X will be whatever partition you installed RH7.1 on. If it was the same partition as RH7.0 then that line will be /dev/hda7. To check, you can boot up into RH7.0 and run fdisk to see (fdisk /dev/hda, then press p to print the partitions. The linux native types are 83. If you have two type 83 partitions then presumably one of them will be hda7. You want the other one (probably hda8 if it was installed after 7.0) Regards, Andrew E. -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Thanks triple boot question
Adam, On Thu, 20 Sep 2001 15:30, Adam Vaughan wrote: Both kernels are the ones that came of the disk. Windows 200o was installed first the redhat 7.1 the Redhat 7.0. image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16-22 That line would be fine. But I am trying to get the images from another partition it's not in that /boot directory. It's in a /boot directy but in the hda7 (Redhat 7.0) not in hda5 (Redhat 7.1). All I can boot into at the moment is hda5 until I can some how work out how to get the image file to load in lilo.conf file. You can mount the filesystem on /dev/hda7 to a directory on your existing linux partition. first, create the directory where you wish to mount it. mkdir /mnt/rh70 then mount it mount -t ext2 /dev/hda7 /mnt/rh70 then just cd to the /mnt/rh70/boot directory and see what your image is called. I presume that's all you wanted to know? You should then add the lines to /etc/lilo as Andy previously posted. Also, you do realise you must run /sbin/lilo to update your boot table after modifying /etc/lilo.conf right? BTW, i find it good houskeeping to make a symlink from /boot/vmlinuz image to /vmlinuz, and also for System.map. That way if you ever upgrade your kernel you never need to modify lilo.conf to reflect, since you'd have image=/vmlinuz Cheers, Grant -- Kaufman's First Law of Party Physics: Population density is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the keg. -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
[SLUG] Skipstone crashes
Hi, I have been trying various browsers (mozilla, galeon and skipstone) on a computer running Debian (unstable). For the last two or three days skipstone has been unusable as it crashes immediately I try to follow a link. That is to say you can go to a URL by typing it in the window but if you click on a hyperlink the application crashes immediately. Has anyone else observed this? I assume that the application is incompatable with some library upgrade recently as there has been no new version of skipstone recently. I purged and reinstalled the skipstone package in case it had become corrupted but this had no effect. regards, Ken -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
[SLUG] Sendmail aliases
Howdy all I have just migrated our mail server to RH 7.1 and have noticed something different with respect to aliases. In the previous version of sendmail you were not included in the aliases list if you sent and email. eg alias - user1,user2,user3 If user1 sends an email to alias then only user2 and user3 would get it. This new version of sendmail all three get the email. I would prefer the old verion way of doing things, does anyone know of a switch (possibly in sendmail.mc ?) that would allow this behaviour ? Thanx PMc -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
[SLUG] Re: perl problem after woody upgrade
On Thu, Sep 20, 2001 at 08:36:49AM +, John Griffiths uttered: Need to get 0B/400kB of archives. After unpacking 781kB will be used. (in cleanup) Can't call method DESTROY on an undefined value at /usr/lib/perl5/Debian/DebConf/Question.pm line 151 during global destruction. Debconf problem. it all seems to work, but i'd like to get perl working properly Perl _is_ working properly, but Debconf isn't. Run 'apt-get install debconf' to upgrade it. -- Steve * aj thinks Kb^Zzz ought to pick different things to dream about than general resolutions and policy changes. Kb^Zzz aj - tell me about it, this is a Bad Sign PGP signature
[SLUG] Re: Debugging Perl CGI file upload scripts
\begin{Adam Kennedy}
I'm trying to hunt down a usefull way of debugging Perl CGI scripts that
deal with file uploads.
BTW, the script isn't crashing. It runs OK, and loads the temp file (
containing the uploaded file ) OK, but it's failing somewhere after that in
some code somewhere, and I'm just looking for a way to debug it properly.
if you're using mod_perl (and Apache::Registry), you could try
Apache::DB, and httpd -X
(its a bit of overkill though)
i'd just through warns everywhere and debug it the old fashioned way.
--
- Gus
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[SLUG] Re: How to get the user name of the invoker of a sh script and use mail within the script.
\begin{Steve Kowalik}
On Thu, Sep 20, 2001 at 01:35:25AM +1000, Peter Hardy uttered:
grep $HOME /etc/passwd | awk -F : '{ readline; print $1 }'
steven@broken:~$ grep $HOME /etc/passwd | awk -F : '{ readline; print $1 }'
steven@broken:~$
But, I use LDAP for auth. :-)
in that case use the libc routines. easiest way to get at them is
through perl:
perl -e 'print scalar getpwuid $'
steven@broken:~$ echo $USER
steven
Should be more than sufficient, given a non-brain dead shell like bash or zsh.
.. and does the Right Thing when run through sudo and other such
wrappers.
use the env variables, they're Good.
--
- Gus
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Re: [SLUG] Could someone check this website for me
On Thu, 20 Sep 2001 13:10, blinddog wrote: Could someone check this website for me www.jub.com.au/books The reason I ask is that I cannot access it when running Mandrake 8 using Netscape 4.77, Mozilla, Linx and Konqueror (Konqueror has a go and then locks up). The other browsers time out. When I dual boot to Windows 95 using Netscape it is fine and I can open he link. I believe he has probably used some M$ only web editor to build the page. Anyway any info on this would be apprieciated. Andrew, I've just checked it in Konqueror 2.1.1, and it renders perfectly. What version are you using ? Jon -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
[SLUG] Triple boot
First of all thank you who have helped out out with my triple boot problem. I can now write the lilo.conf file to boot with Redhat 7.0. Well come up and get the boot to be able to select Redhat 7.0. But during the laod up of RH7.0 it comes up with an error message: Kernel Panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on 08:41 Before I go on any further for those who don't knwo I'm trying to get a triple boot with RH7.1, RH7.0 win2k. Now what I have done to get the boot working is: -mkdir /mnt/rh70 -mounted /dev/hda7 -got access to hda7 (this is the RH7.0 partition) and made a copy of the vmlinuz-2.2.16-22 to the /boot on hda5 (RH7.1 partition, main partition) had to rename vmlinuz-2.2.16-22 as I was getting an error saying name to long so it's now called vmlinuz-7.0 -wrote new lines into the /etc/lilo.conf, the new lines were; image=/boot/vmlinuz-7.0 optional label=RH7 -ran /sbin/lilo -did a reboot and got the error message; request_module[block-major-8]: Root fs not mounted VFS: Cannot open root device 08:41 Kernel panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on 08:41 I know this error comes up because the partition/drive/disk for hda7 isn't mounted. If it was to stay mounted somehow would this then keep on loading like normal and work? But how do I keep a mounted partition during a reboot? Is that possible? Thanks in advanced for the help people. Much appreciated. Adam. -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Scratch 'n Win Windows XP
Stuart Cooper wrote: and the prize is... *** You win with Office XP for less than $1 a day So, over a period of say 3 years, you pay about $1000 for the privilege of XP. Lovely spin, eh? With Win95 (cough) you pay about $100 for 3 years. And of course with Linux, you pay about $0 for 3 years. Who is the winner? _ Rick Welykochy || Praxis Services Pty Limited If every copy sold of Windows 95 crashes an average of once per day, and Bill Gates Gates were charged $1 per crash, his fortune would last less than a year. -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Scratch 'n Win Windows XP
On 21 Sep 2001, at 9:29, Rick Welykochy wrote: So, over a period of say 3 years, you pay about $1000 for the privilege of XP. Lovely spin, eh? With Win95 (cough) you pay about $100 for 3 years. And of course with Linux, you pay about $0 for 3 years. Geeez - you had it good. When I used Win 95, I had to pay around $500 for utilities to make the bugger work properly. And then I had to pay around 2 dys lost productivity every three months to reinstall weverything. And ... Best Regards Edwin Humphries [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
[SLUG] Postfix and dynamic IP
Hi all, I've got two issues with the postfix installation i have: First some background: i use postfix as mail delivery system on my laptop which get connected trough lan-DHCP or diallup, so get ip and name resolutio changing all the time. My issues are: 1. Postfix copied the name resolution config file in /var/spool/postfix/etc , which is a problem as my resolv.conf does change when i change my connection. So, i hit that postfix cant resolve name if i dont copy back the correct file in /var/spool/.. The solution i am thinking is to setup bind on the local machine, but i believe there is a nicer solution. Does someone have an idea ? 2. Some servers refuse to accept the emails i deliver (freebsd.org for exemple) because the name used in the config (myhostname) is not a public one, so the remote server refuse the HELO: myhostname, saying the name does not exist. Faking this by a real name is possible, but then i'll have to hack it by defining it in the /etc/hosts, i dont think it is a nice solution either. Does someone have a better solution for this ? Thanks for any help, Cheers, JeF -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Triple boot
...and then Adam Vaughan said: image=/boot/vmlinuz-7.0 optional label=RH7 -ran /sbin/lilo -did a reboot and got the error message; request_module[block-major-8]: Root fs not mounted VFS: Cannot open root device 08:41 Kernel panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on 08:41 In your RH7 entry in /etc/lilo.conf, add boot=/dev/hda7 to tell LILO which partition to mount as / Peter [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- A six. A three. A five. Something was happening to the five, however. Battered by the chance collision of several billion molecules, the die flipped onto a point, spun gently, and came down a seven. Blind Io picked up the cube and counted the sides. 'Come on,' he said wearily. 'Play fair.' (Terry Pratchett, The Colour of Magic) PGP signature
Re: [SLUG] Sendmail aliases
On Thu, Sep 20, 2001 at 06:02:41PM +1000, Peter McCarthy wrote: I would prefer the old verion way of doing things, does anyone know of a switch (possibly in sendmail.mc ?) that would allow this behaviour ? Does anyone bother to RTFM or STFW? From www.sendmail.org: confME_TOO [False] Include sender in group expansions. So to turn it off, add this to your .mc file: define(`confME_TOO', False)dnl Cheers, John -- whois [EMAIL PROTECTED] GPG key id: 0xD59C360F -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
[SLUG] Memory usage in gateway system.
Hi, I currently have a 133Mhz Pentium system with 64MB RAM acting as my home network internet gateway, running RH 7.1 with the stock 2.4.2-2 Kernel I have recompiled the kernel to disable modules, statically include the network card drivers, and all other hardware drivers, plus include all needed netfilter support. All of this managed to get the kernel size down from about 2 megs(plus modules) to about 722k. My question is why i am constantly noticing that the systems memory is always becoming highly used, upon boot it uses 17megs of the 64 availiable, and i'll check back a day later to see it using about 62 megs of memory. I have asked a few people about this, and they have advised me that its due to HDD caching ect, ie, more writing/reading activity the more RAM is used... I have looked through a few books and havent been able to find much information on how memory is used ect under linux systems, and am a bit concerned that a basic system which does packetfiltering and forwarding, and runs only sshd besides some other system dependant daemons would use so much memory... If anyone could shine a bit of light on this issue it would be great. Thanks in advance. Keiran -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
[SLUG] Rescue operation.
I'm hbaving trouble with my laptop, which is running Mandrake. For some reason, I boot up and the process goes to the cheerful penguin, ticking off the tasks. It stops at Mounting USB files and refuses to budge. It could be that the hard drive is faulty (this was a suggestion), or it could be something else. I've been told that Redhat has a rescue programme on the two CDs, although this might not work for Mandrake. I suggested that simply re-installing Mandrake from the disks (which I have) might work, but even if this were possible, would I not lose the data files (which are important)? Any suggestion would be gratefullt considered. Regards, Bill Bennett. -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Rescue operation.
* This one time, at band camp, Bill Bennett said: I'm hbaving trouble with my laptop, which is running Mandrake. For some reason, I boot up and the process goes to the cheerful penguin, ticking off the tasks. It stops at Mounting USB files and refuses to budge. It could be that the hard drive is faulty (this was a suggestion), or it could be something else. I've been told that Redhat has a rescue programme on the two CDs, although this might not work for Mandrake. I suggested that simply re-installing Mandrake from the disks (which I have) might work, but even if this were possible, would I not lose the data files (which are important)? Any suggestion would be gratefullt considered. Try brining up the system in single user (type $BOOTIMAGE 1 (eg 'linux 1') at the lilo: prompt). This will bypass a lot of the services which are normally started up. This may not fix the problem but may allow you to get at the system and resolve the problem yourself. Once you are in, check the contents of the startup directories (/etc/rc.d/rc[0-6].d on Mandrake IIRC) to find the offending program and then try to fix it. If you need any more help, give me a shout. Greeno -- Greeno [EMAIL PROTECTED] GnuPG Key : 1024D/B5657C8B Key fingerprint = 9ED8 59CC C161 B857 462E 51E6 7DFB 465B B565 7C8B Imagine working in a secure environment and finding the string _NSAKEY in the OS binaries without a good explanation -Alan Cox 04/05/2001 -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Rescue operation.
on Fri, Sep 21, 2001 at 11:54:47AM +1000, Bill Bennett [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm hbaving trouble with my laptop, which is running Mandrake. For some reason, I boot up and the process goes to the cheerful penguin, ticking off the tasks. It stops at Mounting USB files and refuses to budge. Can you boot into single user mode? ie boot: linux single at the lilo prompt. BB -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Memory usage in gateway system.
On Fri, 21 Sep 2001, Keiran Sweet wrote: I have recompiled the kernel to disable modules, statically include the network card drivers, and all other hardware drivers, plus include all needed netfilter support. Why bother with all that? Whats wrong with modules? All of this managed to get the kernel size down from about 2 megs(plus modules) to about 722k. I'm surprised - I thought modules were supposed to keep memory use down. Too many non-modules drivers in the kernel? Still, I dont think you need have bothered. 64MB is more than plenty for your purpose. My question is why i am constantly noticing that the systems memory is always becoming highly used, upon boot it uses 17megs of the 64 availiable, and i'll check back a day later to see it using about 62 megs of memory. I have asked a few people about this, and they have advised me that its due to HDD caching ect, ie, more writing/reading activity the more RAM You just answered your own question. Unused memory will fill with disk cache. What does the command free -m tell you? Also ps aux will tell you pre-process memory use (virtual resident). I have looked through a few books and havent been able to find much dead trees? STFW , e.g. http://www.google.com/search?hl=ensafe=offq=linux+memory-management+faq http://www.mainmatter.com/linux-faq/sec6.html#AEN2058 -- Mike Holland [EMAIL PROTECTED] --==-- Everybody is talking about the weather but nobody does anything about it. -- Mark Twain -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
RE: [SLUG] Rescue operation.
Also if you boot from the install CDs these days, a root shell is available in ctrl-alt-F1 where you can usually mount the filesystems as something like /mnt/whatever (eg /mnt/etc ) and you might be able to fix things. The only catch is you have to remember where the utilities are, eg vi would be in this case /mnt/bin/vi I had to do that at home during an install (SuSE) because I had some experimental stuff in /etc/fstab which I fixed this way with /mnt/bin/vi /mnt/etc/fstab That's just an example. The red hat install CDs should give you a similar sort of option. The installation guide notes that the disk writing doesn't happen till later in the show after you have specified everything, so I wouldn't be concerned about it damaging your files unless you selected the OK at that stage. (security note: that is why on a modern PC, physical device security is the first step). Regards, Jill. -- Jill Rowling, Snr Des. Eng. Unix System Administrator Eng. Systems Dept, Aristocrat Technologies Australia 3rd Floor, 77 Dunning Ave Rosebery NSW 2018 Phone: (02) 9697-4484 Fax: (02) 9663-1412 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE -- This email is intended only to be read or used by the addressee. The information contained in this e-mail message may be confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, any use, interference with, distribution, disclosure or copying of this material is unauthorised and prohibited. Confidentiality attached to this communication is not waived or lost by reason of the mistaken delivery to you. If you have received this message in error, please delete it and notify us by return e-mail or telephone Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty Limited on +61 2 9413 6300. -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Rescue operation.
On Fri, 21 Sep 2001, Bill Bennett wrote: I'm hbaving trouble with my laptop, which is running Mandrake. Version? For some reason, I boot up and the process goes to the cheerful penguin, ticking off the tasks. It stops at Mounting USB files and refuses to budge. How long did you wait? It might timeout. DO you need USB to boot? Try booting with 'nousb' arg. to LILO. Hopefully that fixes it. I found that in /etc/init.d/usb : grep -iq nousb /proc/cmdline exit 0 Otherwise, boot with rescue floppy (mini-distro like tomsrtbt), mount the root fs, and edit the config. I suggested that simply re-installing Mandrake from the disks (which I have) might work, but even if this were possible, would I not lose the data files (which are important)? Arrgh! You've been using windoze, havnt you? Re-install is rarely the easier way in Linux. Hopefully you have a separate /home partition for your data? -- Mike Holland [EMAIL PROTECTED] --==-- Everybody is talking about the weather but nobody does anything about it. -- Mark Twain -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Memory usage in gateway system.
On Fri, Sep 21, 2001 at 11:21:10AM +1000, Keiran Sweet wrote: Hi, I currently have a 133Mhz Pentium system with 64MB RAM acting as my home network internet gateway, running RH 7.1 with the stock 2.4.2-2 Kernel I have recompiled the kernel to disable modules, statically include the network card drivers, and all other hardware drivers, plus include all needed netfilter support. All of this managed to get the kernel size down from about 2 megs(plus modules) to about 722k. My question is why i am constantly noticing that Note that modules don't impose any significant overhead beyond that of building features into the kernel, so you could've gotten the same improvement by leaving everything modular. The main improvement either way comes from disabling things you don't need. the systems memory is always becoming highly used, upon boot it uses 17megs of the 64 availiable, and i'll check back a day later to see it using about 62 megs of memory. I have asked a few people about this, and they have advised me that its due to HDD caching ect, ie, more writing/reading activity the more RAM is used... This sounds quite likely to me as well. I have looked through a few books and havent been able to find much information on how memory is used ect under linux systems, and am a bit concerned that a basic system which does packetfiltering and forwarding, and runs only sshd besides some other system dependant daemons would use so much memory... If anyone could shine a bit of light on this issue it would be great. Ok. I'm guessing you're reading the output of the free command to judge how much RAM is free? If so, let's take a closer look... here's what mine looks like at the moment. bash-2.05$ free total used free sharedbufferscached Mem:127100 124296 2804 0 2428 61276 -/+ buffers/cache: 60592 66508 Swap: 130748 41052 89696 bash-2.05$ As you can probably guess from this, my system has 128Mb of ram, and the same again in swap. Also, you might notice the value under free is 2804 -- not even 3Mb! But that's not the whole story. That represents the amount of memory that is completely unused by anything on my system. If you look further along that line, you can see that buffers is 2428, and cached is 61276. That means I've got over 60Mb of RAM devoted entirely to caching disk access (both read and write). Now the interesting bit is the second line. It's a bit confusing -- what the hell is -/+ buffers/cache supposed to mean? Well, it's letting you know that this line is the same as above, except it is *subtracting* the buffer and the cache memory from the used value, and *adding* them to the free value. So I have 66508Mb free when the buffers and cached values are taken into account. Considering I'm running mozilla, x-chat, etc, that sounds reasonable. The Swap line is just a straightforward description of how much swap space is used and available. The reason why the second line matters is that Linux will automatically adjust the buffers and cache according to what your system is doing. If there aren't many programs in memory, it will use the remaining memory to cache things. If a program is in memory but hasn't been used for a long time, it may even swap it out to get more room for cache. But as soon as a program requires more RAM than is available, it will happily cut back on the cache memory so that the program can work. So the second line shows how much memory is available for use by new and existing processes, and this is what most people intuitively think of as free memory. Other ways of finding out about memory usage on your system include: * Running the command top * cat /proc/meminfo I hope I've helped explain what's going on, and that I didn't patronise you by telling you things you already knew. If I did, please let me know and I'll try to do better next time. And definitely let the list know if you're still confused (or more confused :) This is the sort of basic information that really should be explained in the man page for free where newbies can find it, but isn't. Regards, -Andrew. -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Memory usage in gateway system.
On Fri, 21 Sep 2001, Mike Holland wrote: On Fri, 21 Sep 2001, Keiran Sweet wrote: I have recompiled the kernel to disable modules, statically include the network card drivers, and all other hardware drivers, plus include all needed netfilter support. Why bother with all that? Whats wrong with modules? If modules are not needed because the configuration is fixed, then it is better to remove the support for a simple reason: security measure. Nasty stuffs can be done when module support is enabled on a machine: load a nice rootkit module and that's it, you own the machine from it's real root. Modules does save memory simply because you can choose to only load what you need at a time, but not by it's nature: a driver loaded in a module will use the same ressources as if it was statically included in the kernel. All of this managed to get the kernel size down from about 2 megs(plus modules) to about 722k. I'm surprised - I thought modules were supposed to keep memory use down. Too many non-modules drivers in the kernel? Still, I dont think you need have bothered. 64MB is more than plenty for your purpose. My question is why i am constantly noticing that the systems memory is always becoming highly used, upon boot it uses 17megs of the 64 availiable, and i'll check back a day later to see it using about 62 megs of memory. I have asked a few people about this, and they have advised me that its due to HDD caching ect, ie, more writing/reading activity the more RAM You just answered your own question. Unused memory will fill with disk cache. What does the command free -m tell you? Also ps aux will tell you pre-process memory use (virtual resident). I have looked through a few books and havent been able to find much dead trees? STFW , e.g. http://www.google.com/search?hl=ensafe=offq=linux+memory-management+faq http://www.mainmatter.com/linux-faq/sec6.html#AEN2058 -- Mike Holland [EMAIL PROTECTED] --==-- Everybody is talking about the weather but nobody does anything about it. -- Mark Twain -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Memory usage in gateway system.
Hi, Thanks to everyone that replied. All makes perfect sense now. re: module support, i generally disbale LKM support on all my internet facing boxes to prevent the possible use of a malicious LKM, i have seen a few really nasty ones floating around, so i prefer to just disable them from the start. Thanks again. Keiran -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Postfix and dynamic IP
quote who=Jean-Francois Dive Yep, there are some solutions like that, but i am sure there is a clean way to solve those issues. This is what i am looking for . That is The Solution to your problem. The Debian init scripts for postfix copy all of the required files into the chroot automatically for this reason. - Jeff -- Is Murphy's Law constitutional? -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
[SLUG] IPTABLES
HI guys does anyone happen to no of a good GUI ( Front end ) for Itables. thanks Clint -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Moz 0.9.3 + JDK1.3.x = no work
So if you get it going I'd be really pleased to find out how. Peter and others. This seems to be a black art and quite annoying at that. I have tried many combinations of versions Moz 0.9.1, 0.9.3 and Netscape 6 with Sun's JDK and the Blackdown deb but have not managed to resurrect java in those browsers so.. I am now using Netscape 4.77 with Sun's JDK1.3.1. Set the NPX_PLUGIN_PATH in /etc/netscape4/environment file. While the rest of the browser is a little dated you're at least running the latest JDK. I've had no problems with this so far. For some bizarre reason when installing the Blackdown deb with the Netscape4.77 deb Netscape will not start at all - it is somehow trying to load the Blackdown plugin but doesn't understand it. This happens even though I have not set any links between Netscape and the BD JDK, there's something in the deb I guess that does that and it doesn't work. People seem to have problems with this all around the Linux world :-( -- * * Simon Wong* * * * [EMAIL PROTECTED] * * * * -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
Re: [SLUG] Sendmail aliases
*** REPLY SEPARATOR *** On 20/09/2001 at 6:02 PM Peter McCarthy [EMAIL PROTECTED] [gregausit/slug] wrote: Howdy all I have just migrated our mail server to RH 7.1 and have noticed something different with respect to aliases. In the previous version of sendmail you were not included in the aliases list if you sent and email. eg alias - user1,user2,user3 If user1 sends an email to alias then only user2 and user3 would get it. This new version of sendmail all three get the email. I would prefer the old verion way of doing things, does anyone know of a switch (possibly in sendmail.mc ?) that would allow this behaviour ? You probably should be looking at changes in procmail instead... Regards Greg Wright -- IT Consultant Sydney Australia PH 0418 292020 -- Int. +61 418 292020 Available for Global Contracts US Fax -- 801 740 2874 Web http://www.ausit.comE-mail Greg AT AusIT.com Trading As - AAA Computers -- providers of IT services. -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
[SLUG] Meeting Reminder - Friday, 21st September, 2001
Meeting Reminder - Friday, 21st September, 2001 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |_ _| |_ __ _| |_( )___ |_ _|__ _ _ (_)__ _| |_| |_| | | | | ' \/ _` | _|/(_- | |/ _ \ ' \| / _` | ' \ _|_| |_| |_||_\__,_|\__| /__/ |_|\___/_||_|_\__, |_||_\__(_) |___/ * When: 6:30pm - about 9pm (then dinner, etc) * Where: UTS, Central Sydney: http://slug.org.au/slugmeet.shtml The Usual Suspects - 6:30pm * QA - What has Linux done for/to me lately? * Linux News Discussion Michael Meeks on The Future of GNOME - about 7pm Michael Meeks: UK hacker, Ximian monkey, and self-described itinerant idiot is here in Sydney and coming to SLUG! He'll be talking about what's in store for the GNOME Project, version 2.0 and beyond, plus answering all of your GNOMish questions. Michael is especially qualified to discuss the Bonobo component system, CORBA and ORBit, and Ximian's Mono project. Dinner - about 9pm After the meeting at the House of Boiled Television Entrails. The real name is of course, The House of Guang Zhou, and you'll find it in Haymarket (especially if you follow the crowd at the end of the night). See you there! - Jeff -- Evil will always triumph over good, because good is dumb. - Dark Helmet, Spaceballs -- SLUG - Sydney Linux User Group Mailing List - http://slug.org.au/ More Info: http://lists.slug.org.au/listinfo/slug
