Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2014-08-06 Thread Dave Cridland
On 5 August 2014 19:11, Ivan Vucica  wrote:

> On Tuesday, August 05, 2014 03:21:11 PM XMPP Extensions Editor wrote:
> > Additionally, the protocol is used to negotitate whether the receiving
>
> Is the 'negotitate' intentional?
>

I think it's probably intentitonal...


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2014-08-05 Thread Ivan Vucica
On Tuesday, August 05, 2014 03:21:11 PM XMPP Extensions Editor wrote:
> Additionally, the protocol is used to negotitate whether the receiving

Is the 'negotitate' intentional?


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2013-08-27 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 8/27/13 2:41 PM, XMPP Extensions Editor wrote:
> Version 0.15 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.
> 
> Abstract: This specification defines the Server Dialback protocol,
> which is used between XMPP servers to provide identity verification.
> Server Dialback uses the Domain Name System (DNS) as the basis for
> verifying identity; the basic approach is that when a receiving
> server accepts a server-to-server connection from an initiating
> server, it does not process XMPP stanzas over the connection until it
> has verified the initiating server's identity. Additionally, the
> protocol is used to negotitate whether the receiving server is
> accepting stanzas for the target domain. Although Server Dialback
> does not provide strong authentication and is subject to DNS
> poisoning attacks, it has effectively prevented most address spoofing
> on the XMPP network since its development in the year 2000.
> 
> Changelog: Addressed Last Call feedback and made editorial
> improvements. (psa/ph)

Philipp and I have addressed the Last Call feedback and have also
completed independent reviews of the spec, leading to clarifications and
improvements throughout. In our opinion it's now ready for advancement
to Draft, but naturally that decision is a matter for the XMPP Council.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/




Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2012-08-08 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 8/8/12 12:28 PM, Philipp Hancke wrote:
> Am 08.08.2012 20:27, schrieb XMPP Extensions Editor:
>> Version 0.13 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.
> 
> Now that is finally a version I am (mostly) happy with. Thanks Peter!

Huzzah!

Wider feedback would be appreciated so we can push this to Draft before
long.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/




Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2012-08-08 Thread Philipp Hancke

Am 08.08.2012 20:27, schrieb XMPP Extensions Editor:

Version 0.13 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.


Now that is finally a version I am (mostly) happy with. Thanks Peter!


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-09-19 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 9/19/11 11:03 AM, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
> On 7/7/11 11:37 AM, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
>> On 7/7/11 2:51 AM, Kevin Smith wrote:
>>> On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 5:59 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  
>>> wrote:
 On 5/17/11 2:26 PM, Kevin Smith wrote:
> On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 9:20 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  
> wrote:
 1. Child elements as in 0.9:

 
  

  
 
>>>
>>> I'm not opposed to this, I think. It has the advantage of not breaking
>>> the existing implementations.
>>
>> The concern is, what happens when someone adds new sub-features in the
>> future?
>
> Hopefully we wouldn't spec new features without versioning and start
> seeing interoperable implementations prior to realising in the future
> :)
>
>
 3. More features:

 
  
 
>>>
>>> This one breaks existing dialback error implementations, but not
>>> general dialback implementations. This one doesn't seem particularly
>>> harmful, compared to (2), and I'll go along with the majority if it's
>>> what's deemed sensible.
>>
>> #3 is more consistent with what we do in service discovery. IMHO that's
>> a good thing.
>
> Yes, #3 is what we have previously agreed is the Right Thing to do
> with features. In this case we didn't, and implementations sprouted up
> and were deployed before we noticed, so it's a question now of whether
> the pragmatic thing is to use what we have, or to break
> implementations and maintain spec-hygiene.

 Kev, I've thought about this some more and I think it's OK to retain this:

 
  

  
 

 That's what we've had since version 0.5 of the spec, published on
 2010-03-18. I don't like it and I think we need to add a note that this
 is not the recommended way of defining stream features so that other
 specs won't emulate this approach, but the protocol hygiene is just not
 important enough to me here.
>>>
>>> I'm happy with notes saying that this is the Wrong Thing to do, and we
>>> can even give a footnote of what the Right Way is, if we want.
>>
>> I'll work up some text along those lines for review on the list.
> 
> My apologies for the delay. I propose that we add the following
> paragraph at the end of Section 5.2:
> 
>As a general rule, stream feature elements containing child elements
>that advertise particular sub-features are not encouraged. The
>format shown above is used for the sake of backward compatiblity
>with existing implementations and deployments.

Sorry, I think that belongs in Section 2.4.2.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/




Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-09-19 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 7/7/11 11:37 AM, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
> On 7/7/11 2:51 AM, Kevin Smith wrote:
>> On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 5:59 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  wrote:
>>> On 5/17/11 2:26 PM, Kevin Smith wrote:
 On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 9:20 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  
 wrote:
>>> 1. Child elements as in 0.9:
>>>
>>> 
>>>  
>>>
>>>  
>>> 
>>
>> I'm not opposed to this, I think. It has the advantage of not breaking
>> the existing implementations.
>
> The concern is, what happens when someone adds new sub-features in the
> future?

 Hopefully we wouldn't spec new features without versioning and start
 seeing interoperable implementations prior to realising in the future
 :)


>>> 3. More features:
>>>
>>> 
>>>  
>>> 
>>
>> This one breaks existing dialback error implementations, but not
>> general dialback implementations. This one doesn't seem particularly
>> harmful, compared to (2), and I'll go along with the majority if it's
>> what's deemed sensible.
>
> #3 is more consistent with what we do in service discovery. IMHO that's
> a good thing.

 Yes, #3 is what we have previously agreed is the Right Thing to do
 with features. In this case we didn't, and implementations sprouted up
 and were deployed before we noticed, so it's a question now of whether
 the pragmatic thing is to use what we have, or to break
 implementations and maintain spec-hygiene.
>>>
>>> Kev, I've thought about this some more and I think it's OK to retain this:
>>>
>>> 
>>>  
>>>
>>>  
>>> 
>>>
>>> That's what we've had since version 0.5 of the spec, published on
>>> 2010-03-18. I don't like it and I think we need to add a note that this
>>> is not the recommended way of defining stream features so that other
>>> specs won't emulate this approach, but the protocol hygiene is just not
>>> important enough to me here.
>>
>> I'm happy with notes saying that this is the Wrong Thing to do, and we
>> can even give a footnote of what the Right Way is, if we want.
> 
> I'll work up some text along those lines for review on the list.

My apologies for the delay. I propose that we add the following
paragraph at the end of Section 5.2:

   As a general rule, stream feature elements containing child elements
   that advertise particular sub-features are not encouraged. The
   format shown above is used for the sake of backward compatiblity
   with existing implementations and deployments.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/




Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-07-07 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 7/7/11 2:51 AM, Kevin Smith wrote:
> On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 5:59 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  wrote:
>> On 5/17/11 2:26 PM, Kevin Smith wrote:
>>> On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 9:20 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  
>>> wrote:
>> 1. Child elements as in 0.9:
>>
>> 
>>  
>>
>>  
>> 
>
> I'm not opposed to this, I think. It has the advantage of not breaking
> the existing implementations.

 The concern is, what happens when someone adds new sub-features in the
 future?
>>>
>>> Hopefully we wouldn't spec new features without versioning and start
>>> seeing interoperable implementations prior to realising in the future
>>> :)
>>>
>>>
>> 3. More features:
>>
>> 
>>  
>> 
>
> This one breaks existing dialback error implementations, but not
> general dialback implementations. This one doesn't seem particularly
> harmful, compared to (2), and I'll go along with the majority if it's
> what's deemed sensible.

 #3 is more consistent with what we do in service discovery. IMHO that's
 a good thing.
>>>
>>> Yes, #3 is what we have previously agreed is the Right Thing to do
>>> with features. In this case we didn't, and implementations sprouted up
>>> and were deployed before we noticed, so it's a question now of whether
>>> the pragmatic thing is to use what we have, or to break
>>> implementations and maintain spec-hygiene.
>>
>> Kev, I've thought about this some more and I think it's OK to retain this:
>>
>> 
>>  
>>
>>  
>> 
>>
>> That's what we've had since version 0.5 of the spec, published on
>> 2010-03-18. I don't like it and I think we need to add a note that this
>> is not the recommended way of defining stream features so that other
>> specs won't emulate this approach, but the protocol hygiene is just not
>> important enough to me here.
> 
> I'm happy with notes saying that this is the Wrong Thing to do, and we
> can even give a footnote of what the Right Way is, if we want.

I'll work up some text along those lines for review on the list.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/




Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-07-07 Thread Kevin Smith
On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 5:59 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  wrote:
> On 5/17/11 2:26 PM, Kevin Smith wrote:
>> On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 9:20 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  
>> wrote:
> 1. Child elements as in 0.9:
>
> 
>  
>    
>  
> 

 I'm not opposed to this, I think. It has the advantage of not breaking
 the existing implementations.
>>>
>>> The concern is, what happens when someone adds new sub-features in the
>>> future?
>>
>> Hopefully we wouldn't spec new features without versioning and start
>> seeing interoperable implementations prior to realising in the future
>> :)
>>
>>
> 3. More features:
>
> 
>  
> 

 This one breaks existing dialback error implementations, but not
 general dialback implementations. This one doesn't seem particularly
 harmful, compared to (2), and I'll go along with the majority if it's
 what's deemed sensible.
>>>
>>> #3 is more consistent with what we do in service discovery. IMHO that's
>>> a good thing.
>>
>> Yes, #3 is what we have previously agreed is the Right Thing to do
>> with features. In this case we didn't, and implementations sprouted up
>> and were deployed before we noticed, so it's a question now of whether
>> the pragmatic thing is to use what we have, or to break
>> implementations and maintain spec-hygiene.
>
> Kev, I've thought about this some more and I think it's OK to retain this:
>
> 
>  
>    
>  
> 
>
> That's what we've had since version 0.5 of the spec, published on
> 2010-03-18. I don't like it and I think we need to add a note that this
> is not the recommended way of defining stream features so that other
> specs won't emulate this approach, but the protocol hygiene is just not
> important enough to me here.

I'm happy with notes saying that this is the Wrong Thing to do, and we
can even give a footnote of what the Right Way is, if we want.

/K


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-07-06 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 7/6/11 2:14 PM, Philipp Hancke wrote:
> Am 06.07.2011 19:30, schrieb XMPP Extensions Editor:
>> Version 0.11 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.
>>
>> Abstract: This specification defines the Server Dialback protocol,
>> which is used between XMPP servers to provide identity verification.
>> Server Dialback uses the Domain Name System (DNS) as the basis for
>> verifying identity; the basic approach is that when a receiving server
>> accepts a server-to-server connection from an originating server, it
>> does not process traffic over the connection until it has verified a
>> key with an authoritative server for the domain asserted by the
>> originating server. Although Server Dialback does not provide strong
>> authentication or trusted federation and although it is subject to DNS
>> poisoning attacks, it has effectively prevented most instances of
>> address spoofing on the XMPP network since its development in the year
>> 2000.
>>
>> Changelog: Per list discussion, reverted the stream features
>> versioning that was added to version 0.10, thus reverting to the
>> format used in versions 0.5 through 0.9 of the spec; corrected several
>> errors in the examples. (psa)
>>
>> Diff: http://xmpp.org/extensions/diff/api/xep/0220/diff/0.10/vs/0.11
>>
>> URL: http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0220.html
>>
> 
> Merely a bug report, more later next week:
> http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0220.html#advertisement-errors
> The text from 0.9 is needed here. Patch attached.

ACK!

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/




Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-07-06 Thread Philipp Hancke

Am 06.07.2011 19:30, schrieb XMPP Extensions Editor:

Version 0.11 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.

Abstract: This specification defines the Server Dialback protocol, which is 
used between XMPP servers to provide identity verification. Server Dialback 
uses the Domain Name System (DNS) as the basis for verifying identity; the 
basic approach is that when a receiving server accepts a server-to-server 
connection from an originating server, it does not process traffic over the 
connection until it has verified a key with an authoritative server for the 
domain asserted by the originating server. Although Server Dialback does not 
provide strong authentication or trusted federation and although it is subject 
to DNS poisoning attacks, it has effectively prevented most instances of 
address spoofing on the XMPP network since its development in the year 2000.

Changelog: Per list discussion, reverted the stream features versioning that 
was added to version 0.10, thus reverting to the format used in versions 0.5 
through 0.9 of the spec; corrected several errors in the examples. (psa)

Diff: http://xmpp.org/extensions/diff/api/xep/0220/diff/0.10/vs/0.11

URL: http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0220.html



Merely a bug report, more later next week:
http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0220.html#advertisement-errors
The text from 0.9 is needed here. Patch attached.
diff --git a/extensions/xep-0220.xml b/extensions/xep-0220.xml
index c0a4aa2..1272053 100644
--- a/extensions/xep-0220.xml
+++ b/extensions/xep-0220.xml
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ send: 
 
 
-  If a server supports graceful handling of dialback errors as described under Section 2.5, it MUST advertise that though a stream feature which is a  element qualified by the 'urn:xmpp:features:dialback' namespace.
+  If a server supports graceful handling of dialback errors as described under Section 2.4, it MUST advertise that via a stream feature which is a  element qualified by the 'urn:xmpp:features:dialback' namespace, including an empty  element.
   

Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-07-06 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 6/30/11 1:28 PM, Philipp Hancke wrote:
> Am 18.05.2011 18:19, schrieb Peter Saint-Andre:
>> On 5/18/11 12:58 AM, Philipp Hancke wrote:
 Version 0.10 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.
>>>
>>> For the record:
>>> I disapprove this version because it still contains "serious bugs"
>>> (example 7)
>>
>> You are right that example 7 has a copy and paste error...
> 
> So serious bugs degrade to "copy and paste error" when you no longer
> need them to support your argument for a rewrite? Interesting.

It was a copy-and-paste error. It happens to have been a somewhat
serious copy-and-paste error, but that's what it was. You can spin it
however you like, but I must say that I really don't appreciate your
snarky tone.

> You have also introduced yet another copy and paste mistake in the most
> recent version:
> 
> Example 18. Stream Features With  Element
> 
> does not show the  any more and additionally
> 
> 
>   
> 
> is not valid xml.

Fixed in 0.11.

> And sorry for using this bad word again, but isn't it ridiculous to
> publish a new version with a debatable change and then not to do
> anything for weeks?

Working 80 hours a week will do that to a person. I'm sure you understand.

> What would have happened if anyone actually implemented this would-be
> way of advertising support for dialback errors?

It's an experimental spec. Anyone following the list would know that
it's provisional, especially given all the discussion on this particular
point in the text. Anyone not following the list is not being very smart
about how they implement XMPP.

> Are you waiting for someone to implement your version so you can claim
> "running code"?

See above regarding snarkiness. You might want to familiarize yourself
with Hanlon's Razor.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/




Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-07-06 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 5/18/11 12:58 AM, Philipp Hancke wrote:
>> Version 0.10 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.
> 
> For the record:
> I disapprove this version because it still contains "serious bugs"
> (example 7) and is published without my approval as an author.

It was published without Jeremie's approval as a co-author, too. :P

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/




Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-07-06 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 5/17/11 2:26 PM, Kevin Smith wrote:
> On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 9:20 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  wrote:
 1. Child elements as in 0.9:

 
  

  
 
>>>
>>> I'm not opposed to this, I think. It has the advantage of not breaking
>>> the existing implementations.
>>
>> The concern is, what happens when someone adds new sub-features in the
>> future?
> 
> Hopefully we wouldn't spec new features without versioning and start
> seeing interoperable implementations prior to realising in the future
> :)
> 
> 
 3. More features:

 
  
 
>>>
>>> This one breaks existing dialback error implementations, but not
>>> general dialback implementations. This one doesn't seem particularly
>>> harmful, compared to (2), and I'll go along with the majority if it's
>>> what's deemed sensible.
>>
>> #3 is more consistent with what we do in service discovery. IMHO that's
>> a good thing.
> 
> Yes, #3 is what we have previously agreed is the Right Thing to do
> with features. In this case we didn't, and implementations sprouted up
> and were deployed before we noticed, so it's a question now of whether
> the pragmatic thing is to use what we have, or to break
> implementations and maintain spec-hygiene.

Kev, I've thought about this some more and I think it's OK to retain this:


  

  


That's what we've had since version 0.5 of the spec, published on
2010-03-18. I don't like it and I think we need to add a note that this
is not the recommended way of defining stream features so that other
specs won't emulate this approach, but the protocol hygiene is just not
important enough to me here.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/




Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-06-30 Thread Philipp Hancke

Am 18.05.2011 18:19, schrieb Peter Saint-Andre:

On 5/18/11 12:58 AM, Philipp Hancke wrote:

Version 0.10 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.


For the record:
I disapprove this version because it still contains "serious bugs"
(example 7)


You are right that example 7 has a copy and paste error...


So serious bugs degrade to "copy and paste error" when you no longer 
need them to support your argument for a rewrite? Interesting.


You have also introduced yet another copy and paste mistake in the most 
recent version:


Example 18. Stream Features With  Element

does not show the  any more and additionally


  

is not valid xml.

And sorry for using this bad word again, but isn't it ridiculous to 
publish a new version with a debatable change and then not to do 
anything for weeks?


What would have happened if anyone actually implemented this would-be 
way of advertising support for dialback errors?


Are you waiting for someone to implement your version so you can claim 
"running code"?


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-19 Thread Philipp Hancke

Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
[...]

However, if you think it is ridiculous to choose option #1 (despite the
fact that this is what RFC 3920 did), then we can continue to discuss
the topic on this list, you can appeal to the XMPP Council,


I had evaluated option #1 when writing the initial 0.4. It is much less
useful when debugging because typically dialback happens twice during a
bidirectional session and with this option it is harder to figure out
which packet belongs to which session.


Option #1 is what we had in RFC 3920. That doesn't seem to have
prevented implementation and deployment of server dialback.


Most implementations I know predate RFC 3920.

Who implemented dialback based on 3920 (or any of the draft versions)?

Who implemented dialback from 0220?

Who implemented dialback by playing with jabberd?


(I have to admit that the figure in rfc 3920 8.2 was really helpful)


I would not advise people who can not deal with the confusion perceived
by you in the (corrected) version 0.8 to attempt implementing dialback,
because what happens on the wire is even more complicated.


At one time I worked on extremely detailed server-to-server examples in
XEP-0238 (XMPP Protocol Flows for Inter-Domain Federation) but it was a
lot of work to maintain.


0238 is really great at showing why we need to get rid of EXTERNAL (-:


So I do not see why now, after 18 months, this change is necessary nor
why it has to be done over the weekend.


Because mixing the directions in the middle of the examples is extremely
confusing.


The direction changes between sub-subsections, not in the middle of the 
examples. The initial 0.4 was quite explicit about the who-is-who in the 
header, for 2.1 it had something along the lines of:


(still using the old 0.3 hostnames)
> This subsection describes the interaction between the Originating
> Server ('example.org') and the Receiving Server ('xmpp.example.com'),
> from the perspective of the Originating Server.

That way, the 'send' operation/direction was always using 
from=example.org in section 2.1 whereas the recv was always associated 
with to=example.org in 2.2.


Your way switches send/recv, e.g. in 2.1.1 and 2.2.1 sender.tld is 
sending, in 2.1.2 and 2.2.2 target.tld is sending. That is less confusing?

(obviously, the suggestive hostnames are not helpful)


Now, I'd be fine with adding another *complete* set of examples showing
the negotiation in direction 2, resulting in sections like this:


I think we can get a shorter version of this by adding another figure in 
section 1.3 which shows the second direction and say where the examples 
plug in.



2. "Protocol Flow for Negotiating Connection From sender.tld to target.tld"

(i.e., the current Sections 2.1 and 2.2)

>

3. "Directionality"

(i.e., the current Section 2.3)


(which is currently not very explicit regarding the use of a different 
tcp connection for this)



4. "Protocol Flow for Negotiating Connection From target.tld to sender.tld"

(new section similar to 2.1 and 2.2 but in the other direction, so we
don't leave direction 2 as an exercise for the reader as in RFC 3920)


Some implementations will start to negotiate this before the other 
dialback process is finished. So a simplified "first this direction, 
then the other direction" description is not helpful
 (see e.g. 
http://mail.jabber.org/pipermail/standards/2010-April/023420.html ).


If you want to document all variants then you will end up with something 
that is even longer than 0238. If you go down that path you will end up 
describing a session with two hostnames on each side and source/target 
piggybacking. *shudder*



However, I continue to think that mixing direction 1 and direction 2 in
the current Sections 2.1 and 2.2 is way too confusing.


See above.

philipp


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-19 Thread Jacek Konieczny
On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 02:20:58PM -0600, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
> Bad copy and paste, should be:
> 
> 
>   
> 
> 
> But no one likes that one anyway.

Yes. It is wrong before 
is a totally different element than .
It is not a new version, it is a new protocol. And a new namespace. Why
would we want that?

That is the always returning problem with XMPP protocols – treating the
namespace like an attribute. It is not an attribute, it is a part of
element name.  '' is different from '' the
same way '' is different from ''. Namespaces give us
availability to use e.g. '' element in different protocols in a
different way, for a different purpose. They should not be used to give
extra meaning to an existing element.

We already have enough of the legacy of 'jabber:client' and
'jabber:server' namespaces used for the same element just in different
contexts, which makes stanza handling complicated (I am just in the pain
of trying to handle that properly in pyxmpp2)…

I guess single XEP should never be allowed to define more than one XML
namespace. Namespaces are meant to help avoid name conflicts. Why would
one specification conflict with itself? Versioned namespaces make sense
only when we throw the old specification away and create a new one when
the same elements have different meaning or schema.

> >> 3. More features:
> >>
> >> 
> >>  
> >> 
> > 
> > This one breaks existing dialback error implementations, but not
> > general dialback implementations. This one doesn't seem particularly
> > harmful, compared to (2), and I'll go along with the majority if it's
> > what's deemed sensible.
> 
> #3 is more consistent with what we do in service discovery. IMHO that's
> a good thing.

I like this too. In addition to the regular diallback feature
announcement. In fact it could be a new element in the old dialback
namespace. No need for another namespace for use with the same
extension.

IMHO this would make sense:






(two features announced)

or this:







(one feature with an extra option announced),

but not adding a new element in a new namespace instead of the already
known element.

Greets,
Jacek


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-18 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
My apologies for the delayed reply, I was at the IESG retreat when this
was sent and I've been catching up on email ever since.

On 5/2/11 1:55 AM, Philipp Hancke wrote:
> On Tue, 26 Apr 2011, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
> [...]
 Changelog: To reduce the possibility of confusion, harmonized the
 protocol sections so that they show only the first dialback
 negotiation from Originating Server to Receiving Server. (psa)
>>>
>>> Congratulations, you managed not to fix the from/to bugs, despite having
>>> a patch ( http://hancke.name/jabber/ilovelovelovebugsinexamples.patch )
>>>
>>> This is ridiculous.
>>
>> I posted to this list about two possible paths: (1) describe only the
>> unidirectional dialback negotiation from Originating Server to Receiving
>> Server, or (2) describe the bidirectional dialback negotiation (the
>> negotiation that authorizes the Originating Server to generate stanzas
>> from the Sender Domain, and the negotiation that authorizes the
>> Receiving Server to generate stanzas from the Target Domain).
>> I said that I leaned heavily toward documenting only the unidirectional
>> negotiation. Your patch assumed that we just needed to do a bit of
>> cleanup to option #2, whereas I decided to choose option #1 because it
>> is confusing to describe both directions.
>> Thus your patch did not really apply.
> 
> Example 5:
> send:from='target.tld'
> ...
> 
> Example 6:
> recv:from='sender.tld'
> ...
> 
> Example 7:
> recv:from='target.tld'
> 
> My patch, which changed the 'from' attribute in example 7 to
> 'sender.tld' did not apply?
> 
> Narrative version: the server that sent a  from target.tld
> in example 5 receives a stanza from target.tld in example 7?
> 
> Using your words this is a "serious bug".

Copy and paste error. Fixed in source control.

>> That is not ridiculous, that is a disagreement.
> 
> I have not (yet) reviewed the changes or commented on them.

You commented that it is ridiculous.

>> However, if you think it is ridiculous to choose option #1 (despite the
>> fact that this is what RFC 3920 did), then we can continue to discuss
>> the topic on this list, you can appeal to the XMPP Council,
> 
> I had evaluated option #1 when writing the initial 0.4. It is much less
> useful when debugging because typically dialback happens twice during a
> bidirectional session and with this option it is harder to figure out
> which packet belongs to which session.

Option #1 is what we had in RFC 3920. That doesn't seem to have
prevented implementation and deployment of server dialback.

> I would not advise people who can not deal with the confusion perceived
> by you in the (corrected) version 0.8 to attempt implementing dialback,
> because what happens on the wire is even more complicated.

At one time I worked on extremely detailed server-to-server examples in
XEP-0238 (XMPP Protocol Flows for Inter-Domain Federation) but it was a
lot of work to maintain.

> So I do not see why now, after 18 months, this change is necessary nor
> why it has to be done over the weekend.

Because mixing the directions in the middle of the examples is extremely
confusing.

Now, I'd be fine with adding another *complete* set of examples showing
the negotiation in direction 2, resulting in sections like this:

2. "Protocol Flow for Negotiating Connection From sender.tld to target.tld"

(i.e., the current Sections 2.1 and 2.2)

3. "Directionality"

(i.e., the current Section 2.3)

4. "Protocol Flow for Negotiating Connection From target.tld to sender.tld"

(new section similar to 2.1 and 2.2 but in the other direction, so we
don't leave direction 2 as an exercise for the reader as in RFC 3920)

However, I continue to think that mixing direction 1 and direction 2 in
the current Sections 2.1 and 2.2 is way too confusing.

Peter

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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-18 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 5/18/11 12:58 AM, Philipp Hancke wrote:
>> Version 0.10 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.
> 
> For the record:
> I disapprove this version because it still contains "serious bugs"
> (example 7) 

You are right that example 7 has a copy and paste error...

This:

recv: 
 

Should be:

recv: 
 

Fixed in source control.

Peter

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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Philipp Hancke

Version 0.10 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.


For the record:
I disapprove this version because it still contains "serious bugs" 
(example 7) and is published without my approval as an author.


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Philipp Hancke

Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
[...]

The concern that Jack Erwin raised with me is that putting child
elements in stream features will lead people to expect more of the same,
such as:


   
 
 
 
 
   



This is not going to happen. If DNA or "advanced piggybacking" require 
special signalling then it makes no sense to reuse dialback as a 
framework. D-W-D for example does not require signalling.


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Kevin Smith
On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 9:20 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  wrote:
>>> 1. Child elements as in 0.9:
>>>
>>> 
>>>  
>>>    
>>>  
>>> 
>>
>> I'm not opposed to this, I think. It has the advantage of not breaking
>> the existing implementations.
>
> The concern is, what happens when someone adds new sub-features in the
> future?

Hopefully we wouldn't spec new features without versioning and start
seeing interoperable implementations prior to realising in the future
:)


>>> 3. More features:
>>>
>>> 
>>>  
>>> 
>>
>> This one breaks existing dialback error implementations, but not
>> general dialback implementations. This one doesn't seem particularly
>> harmful, compared to (2), and I'll go along with the majority if it's
>> what's deemed sensible.
>
> #3 is more consistent with what we do in service discovery. IMHO that's
> a good thing.

Yes, #3 is what we have previously agreed is the Right Thing to do
with features. In this case we didn't, and implementations sprouted up
and were deployed before we noticed, so it's a question now of whether
the pragmatic thing is to use what we have, or to break
implementations and maintain spec-hygiene.

/K


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 5/17/11 2:07 PM, Kevin Smith wrote:
> On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 9:00 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  wrote:
>> So let's talk about solutions.
>>
>> 1. Child elements as in 0.9:
>>
>> 
>>  
>>
>>  
>> 
> 
> I'm not opposed to this, I think. It has the advantage of not breaking
> the existing implementations.

The concern is, what happens when someone adds new sub-features in the
future? Do we really want something like the following?


  



  


Envision what that would be like for something like XEP-0060:


  


  
  
  
  
  

  


It seems preferable to take the same approach for stream features that
we take for normal features (disco), which is why I proposed versioning
of stream feature namespaces. But Dave has me mostly convinced that
there is a better way.

>> 2. Versioning:
>>
>> 
>>  
>>
>>  
>> 
> 
> This one *does* break all existing implementations of dialback, which
> seems to me like a bad thing.

Bad copy and paste, should be:


  


But no one likes that one anyway.

>> 3. More features:
>>
>> 
>>  
>> 
> 
> This one breaks existing dialback error implementations, but not
> general dialback implementations. This one doesn't seem particularly
> harmful, compared to (2), and I'll go along with the majority if it's
> what's deemed sensible.

#3 is more consistent with what we do in service discovery. IMHO that's
a good thing.

Peter

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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Kevin Smith
On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 9:00 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  wrote:
> So let's talk about solutions.
>
> 1. Child elements as in 0.9:
>
> 
>  
>    
>  
> 

I'm not opposed to this, I think. It has the advantage of not breaking
the existing implementations.

> 2. Versioning:
>
> 
>  
>    
>  
> 

This one *does* break all existing implementations of dialback, which
seems to me like a bad thing.

> 3. More features:
>
> 
>  
> 

This one breaks existing dialback error implementations, but not
general dialback implementations. This one doesn't seem particularly
harmful, compared to (2), and I'll go along with the majority if it's
what's deemed sensible.

/K


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 5/17/11 12:04 PM, Dave Cridland wrote:
> On Tue May 17 18:55:22 2011, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
>> On 5/17/11 11:51 AM, Dave Cridland wrote:
>>
>> > Versioning is *nearly* always the wrong thing to do.
>>
>> http://mail.jabber.org/pipermail/standards/2008-September/019763.html
> 
> In the message you quote, I continued:
> 
> """
> Our namespace versioning is not versioning of the protocol in this
> sense, because that would imply that "urn:xmpp:features:dialback:0" is a
> subset of "urn:xmpp:features:dialback:1", whereas no such assertion
> exists - the two are entirely unrelated from a protocol standpoint, and
> any similarity is merely in the familial sense - they're likely to have
> both been specified in the same document at different times.
> 
> But - crucially - no compatibility is asserted; indeed the precisely
> opposite assertion is made: the two protocols are mutually incompatible.
> """
> 
> This matches what I originally proposed in the message of mine you have
> cited above:
> 
> """
> urn:xmpp:protoname:1
> 
> That last portion we'll treat as a version number. Any time we cause 
> incompatibility between versions of the XEP, we update it. (Note, 
> that's not "every new XEP").
> """
> 
> Note use of the word "incompatibility". The use of the term "version"
> is, I agree, confusing, but my point here is that by changing the
> namespace version number, we're actually both signalling, and causing,
> an incompatible variant of the protocol.

Not necessarily incompatible in all ways, but perhaps in some.

> I don't think the variants of dialback in discussion here are
> incompatible within the subset currently defined.

Point taken.

So let's talk about solutions.

1. Child elements as in 0.9:


  

  


2. Versioning:


  

  


3. More features:


  


Given that dialback errors are indeed a feature unto themselves (albeit
compatible with RFC3920-dialback), #3 might be the best approach.

Peter

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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Dave Cridland

On Tue May 17 18:55:22 2011, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:

On 5/17/11 11:51 AM, Dave Cridland wrote:

> Versioning is *nearly* always the wrong thing to do.

http://mail.jabber.org/pipermail/standards/2008-September/019763.html


In the message you quote, I continued:

"""
Our namespace versioning is not versioning of the protocol in this  
sense, because that would imply that "urn:xmpp:features:dialback:0"  
is a subset of "urn:xmpp:features:dialback:1", whereas no such  
assertion exists - the two are entirely unrelated from a protocol  
standpoint, and any similarity is merely in the familial sense -  
they're likely to have both been specified in the same document at  
different times.


But - crucially - no compatibility is asserted; indeed the precisely  
opposite assertion is made: the two protocols are mutually  
incompatible.

"""

This matches what I originally proposed in the message of mine you  
have cited above:


"""
urn:xmpp:protoname:1

That last portion we'll treat as a version number. Any time we cause   
incompatibility between versions of the XEP, we update it. (Note,   
that's not "every new XEP").

"""

Note use of the word "incompatibility". The use of the term "version"  
is, I agree, confusing, but my point here is that by changing the  
namespace version number, we're actually both signalling, and  
causing, an incompatible variant of the protocol.


I don't think the variants of dialback in discussion here are  
incompatible within the subset currently defined.


Dave.
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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Kevin Smith
On Tue, May 17, 2011 at 6:55 PM, Peter Saint-Andre  wrote:
> On 5/17/11 11:51 AM, Dave Cridland wrote:
>> Versioning is *nearly* always the wrong thing to do.
> http://mail.jabber.org/pipermail/standards/2008-September/019763.html

Which does say to only increment on incompatible updates - it's not at
all clear to me at the moment that adding errors is an incompatible
change.

/K


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 5/17/11 11:51 AM, Dave Cridland wrote:

> Versioning is *nearly* always the wrong thing to do.

http://mail.jabber.org/pipermail/standards/2008-September/019763.html





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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Dave Cridland

On Tue May 17 18:04:43 2011, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:

On 5/17/11 10:30 AM, Dave Cridland wrote:
> On Tue May 17 02:14:06 2011, XMPP Extensions Editor wrote:
>> Changelog: Modified stream features to incorporate versioning,  
thus

>> removing the need for an  child element; clarified a few
>> points in the text. (psa)
>
> Interoperable implementations of dialback using  child  
element
> to indicate this capability exist; is there any reason to change  
the

> namespace at this point aside from aesthetics?

The concern that Jack Erwin raised with me is that putting child
elements in stream features will lead people to expect more of the  
same,

such as:


  




  


That seems like a bad path to go down. Much better, I think, to use  
a
mechanism we already have: protocol versioning, such as the  
following
for old-style RFC3920 dialback (mythically version zero of the  
feature
but we use stream headers instead), dialback-with-errors, some  
future

dialback-with-dna, etc.:


Right, thanks for the explanation, and in particular raising this on  
the list, I'd not seen this argument before.


And that in turn explains why I've not argued vociferously against it  
before, which I'll now do...


Versioning is *nearly* always the wrong thing to do.

Our namespace versioning is not versioning of the protocol in this  
sense, because that would imply that "urn:xmpp:features:dialback:0"  
is a subset of "urn:xmpp:features:dialback:1", whereas no such  
assertion exists - the two are entirely unrelated from a protocol  
standpoint, and any similarity is merely in the familial sense -  
they're likely to have both been specified in the same document at  
different times.


But - crucially - no compatibility is asserted; indeed the precisely  
opposite assertion is made: the two protocols are mutually  
incompatible.


As protocols develop, however, optional features do get added, and  
these should be independently signalled in most cases. Sometimes it's  
better to signal levels, but those levels need to be designed in from  
the outset. An example is IMAP's relatively recent I18NLEVEL  
capability (See RFC 5255). If we wanted to signal levels, we should  
have done so earlier, and by a distinct version or level field, and  
absolutely not by a namespace. While in general it's better to avoid  
silly-states, where a server can advertise a useless combination of  
features, this is sometimes unavoidable. In this particular case, DNA  
is likely to rely upon error handling.


So in this case, if servers signalled error handling by one feature,  
but we intended to change the namespace to signal *also* handling  
DNA, then we'd also need to signal the old namespace anyway, to avoid  
the case where older servers would cease to interoperate because the  
required feature is no longer found:





This seems opaque, in the extreme. A less obfuscated way would be:



xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:elephant:doormat:xmpp:these:ietf:urns:are:very:long:dna'/>


But this is pretty ugly too, or at least not especially pretty.

So instead, we could choose to consider error handling and DNA as  
suboptions of dialback, and write:



 
 


... which brings us back to what we had before this change. I think  
this is fine, and I specifically do not see why this is a bad thing  
to do, or to continue to do. In particular, this would mean that  
servers written now, and looking for and advertising  
, will continue to work, and new  
options will not change this.


Of course, this leaves the silly-state:


 


And here we need to define whether this is legal, and if it is, what  
it means. But not here, and not now.


Dave.
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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 5/17/11 10:30 AM, Dave Cridland wrote:
> On Tue May 17 02:14:06 2011, XMPP Extensions Editor wrote:
>> Changelog: Modified stream features to incorporate versioning, thus
>> removing the need for an  child element; clarified a few
>> points in the text. (psa)
> 
> Interoperable implementations of dialback using  child element
> to indicate this capability exist; is there any reason to change the
> namespace at this point aside from aesthetics?

The concern that Jack Erwin raised with me is that putting child
elements in stream features will lead people to expect more of the same,
such as:


  




  


That seems like a bad path to go down. Much better, I think, to use a
mechanism we already have: protocol versioning, such as the following
for old-style RFC3920 dialback (mythically version zero of the feature
but we use stream headers instead), dialback-with-errors, some future
dialback-with-dna, etc.:


  



  



  


> To be specific, I see no behavioural changes introduced that nessecitate
> a change in namespace, and the only change in the wire protocol is the
> changed stream feature.

From RFC 3920 to XEP-0220 we've introduced dialback errors. That seems
worthy of revving the stream feature.

However, if you meant that version 0.10 of XEP-0220 did not introduce
any changes to the wire protocol for server dialback in comparision to
version 0.9, then you are correct.

Peter

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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-17 Thread Dave Cridland

On Tue May 17 02:14:06 2011, XMPP Extensions Editor wrote:
Changelog: Modified stream features to incorporate versioning, thus  
removing the need for an  child element; clarified a few  
points in the text. (psa)


Interoperable implementations of dialback using  child  
element to indicate this capability exist; is there any reason to  
change the namespace at this point aside from aesthetics?


To be specific, I see no behavioural changes introduced that  
nessecitate a change in namespace, and the only change in the wire  
protocol is the changed stream feature.


Dave.
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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-05-02 Thread Philipp Hancke

On Tue, 26 Apr 2011, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
[...]

Changelog: To reduce the possibility of confusion, harmonized the
protocol sections so that they show only the first dialback
negotiation from Originating Server to Receiving Server. (psa)


Congratulations, you managed not to fix the from/to bugs, despite having
a patch ( http://hancke.name/jabber/ilovelovelovebugsinexamples.patch )

This is ridiculous.


I posted to this list about two possible paths: (1) describe only the
unidirectional dialback negotiation from Originating Server to Receiving
Server, or (2) describe the bidirectional dialback negotiation (the
negotiation that authorizes the Originating Server to generate stanzas
from the Sender Domain, and the negotiation that authorizes the
Receiving Server to generate stanzas from the Target Domain).
I said that I leaned heavily toward documenting only the unidirectional
negotiation. Your patch assumed that we just needed to do a bit of
cleanup to option #2, whereas I decided to choose option #1 because it
is confusing to describe both directions.
Thus your patch did not really apply.


Example 5:
send: My patch, which changed the 'from' attribute in example 
7 to 'sender.tld' did not apply?


Narrative version: the server that sent a  from target.tld
in example 5 receives a stanza from target.tld in example 7?

Using your words this is a "serious bug".


That is not ridiculous, that is a disagreement.


I have not (yet) reviewed the changes or commented on them.


However, if you think it is ridiculous to choose option #1 (despite the
fact that this is what RFC 3920 did), then we can continue to discuss
the topic on this list, you can appeal to the XMPP Council,


I had evaluated option #1 when writing the initial 0.4. It is much less 
useful when debugging because typically dialback happens twice during a 
bidirectional session and with this option it is harder to figure out 
which packet belongs to which session.


I would not advise people who can not deal with the confusion perceived by 
you in the (corrected) version 0.8 to attempt implementing dialback,

because what happens on the wire is even more complicated.

So I do not see why now, after 18 months, this change is necessary nor why 
it has to be done over the weekend.



or you can ask me to remove you from the list of authors.


It is not like I currently get to review and approve new versions before 
publication...


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-04-26 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 4/26/11 1:27 AM, Philipp Hancke wrote:
> On Mon, 25 Apr 2011, XMPP Extensions Editor wrote:
>> Version 0.9 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.
>>
>> Abstract: This specification defines the Server Dialback protocol,
>> which is used between XMPP servers to provide identity verification.
>> Server Dialback uses the Domain Name System (DNS) as the basis for
>> verifying identity; the basic approach is that when a receiving server
>> accepts a server-to-server connection from an originating server, it
>> does not process traffic over the connection until it has verified a
>> key with an authoritative server for the domain asserted by the
>> originating server. Although Server Dialback does not provide strong
>> authentication or trusted federation and although it is subject to DNS
>> poisoning attacks, it has effectively prevented most instances of
>> address spoofing on the XMPP network since its development in the year
>> 2000.
>>
>> Changelog: To reduce the possibility of confusion, harmonized the
>> protocol sections so that they show only the first dialback
>> negotiation from Originating Server to Receiving Server. (psa)
> 
> Congratulations, you managed not to fix the from/to bugs, despite having
> a patch ( http://hancke.name/jabber/ilovelovelovebugsinexamples.patch )
> 
> This is ridiculous.

I posted to this list about two possible paths: (1) describe only the
unidirectional dialback negotiation from Originating Server to Receiving
Server, or (2) describe the bidirectional dialback negotiation (the
negotiation that authorizes the Originating Server to generate stanzas
from the Sender Domain, and the negotiation that authorizes the
Receiving Server to generate stanzas from the Target Domain). I said
that I leaned heavily toward documenting only the unidirectional
negotiation. Your patch assumed that we just needed to do a bit of
cleanup to option #2, whereas I decided to choose option #1 because it
is confusing to describe both directions. Thus your patch did not really
apply. That is not ridiculous, that is a disagreement.

However, if you think it is ridiculous to choose option #1 (despite the
fact that this is what RFC 3920 did), then we can continue to discuss
the topic on this list, you can appeal to the XMPP Council, or you can
ask me to remove you from the list of authors.

Peter

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Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2011-04-26 Thread Philipp Hancke

On Mon, 25 Apr 2011, XMPP Extensions Editor wrote:

Version 0.9 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.

Abstract: This specification defines the Server Dialback protocol, which is 
used between XMPP servers to provide identity verification. Server Dialback 
uses the Domain Name System (DNS) as the basis for verifying identity; the 
basic approach is that when a receiving server accepts a server-to-server 
connection from an originating server, it does not process traffic over the 
connection until it has verified a key with an authoritative server for the 
domain asserted by the originating server. Although Server Dialback does not 
provide strong authentication or trusted federation and although it is subject 
to DNS poisoning attacks, it has effectively prevented most instances of 
address spoofing on the XMPP network since its development in the year 2000.

Changelog: To reduce the possibility of confusion, harmonized the protocol 
sections so that they show only the first dialback negotiation from Originating 
Server to Receiving Server. (psa)


Congratulations, you managed not to fix the from/to bugs, despite having a 
patch ( http://hancke.name/jabber/ilovelovelovebugsinexamples.patch )


This is ridiculous.


Re: [Standards] UPDATED: XEP-0220 (Server Dialback)

2008-06-18 Thread Peter Saint-Andre
On 06/18/2008 10:09 AM, XMPP Extensions Editor wrote:
> Version 0.2 of XEP-0220 (Server Dialback) has been released.
> 
> Changelog: [See revision history] (psa)
> 
> Diff: http://is.gd/Akz
> 
> URL: http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0220.html

FYI, this is a major overhaul, similar to the differences between RFC
3920 and rfc3920bis -- lots more examples, detailed error flows, etc.

The changelog is:

* Rewrote introduction.
* Provided motivating text about why dialback is used.
* Added text about different federation models.
* More clearly described what dialback accomplishes and what it does not
accomplish.
* Added explanatory text about scenarios in which Server Dialback is
used and not used.
* Clarified basic description of how dialback works.
* Clarified discovery of dialback support.
* Separated sections into subsections, as has been done for rfc3920bis
and rfc3921bis.
* Described the protocol flows in much greater detail.
* Explained and illustrated failure cases more completely.
* Clarified reuse of negotiated connections, a.k.a. piggybacking.

Peter

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