Re: [biofuel] emissions for WVO

[Ed Beggs]

Here are some links that might help:

http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
http://www.webconx.com
http://www.biodiesel.org (see fuelfacts page, emmissions section and their
searchable database)
http://www.biodiesel.at (see reports section via link at bottom right of
page I think)
http://www.soybean.on.ca/ (see research section, then biodiesel research)
http://www.biocar.de (I am still trying to translate the thesis provided
from German to English...has anyone done this?)

Ed B.


> From: Jason Dionne <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Reply-To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com
> Date: Thu, 08 Mar 2001 09:31:43 -0400
> To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: [biofuel] emissions for WVO
> 
> Hello,
> 
> I was wondering if anyone had links or information about exact emissions
> from burning biodiesel and from burning straight vegetable oil.  What comes
> out of that exhaust pipe?  (concentrations, compounds...?)
> 
> Thanks,
> Jason
> 
> 
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
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> 
> 


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[biofuel] Gum?, wax?, soap?, glycerol?

[David Teal]

I have transesterified some WVO using Aleks' 2-stage method, and collected
the glycerol residue.  Aleks says he has burned his first stage glycerol in
a home heater, which seems like a good idea if there is no better use for
it.  I thought I would experiment a little and had the following result:

1About an ounce of stage 2 residue was spooned into a steel crucible and
set alight with a wick
2This burned for a while, but with a cool flame
3After it finished burning, there was about half the original volume
left behind
4This material has the following properties:
a)Very dark brown colour
b)Fairly hard..can be dented with a thumbnail, but has to be cut out
with a knife
c)Melting point above 100 deg C
d)Completely soluble in water
e)Solution does not foam when shaken in a closed jar
f)Solution not affected by filtering through chamois leather
g)Not readily combustible

I am no chemist, but would like to know what this material is.  Best guess
would be a gum.  Perhaps Aleks has some conclusions from his home heating
experience?

David Teal


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[biofuel] emissions for WVO

[Jason Dionne]

Hello,

I was wondering if anyone had links or information about exact emissions 
from burning biodiesel and from burning straight vegetable oil.  What comes 
out of that exhaust pipe?  (concentrations, compounds...?)

Thanks,
Jason


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Re: [biofuel] IT

[Keith Addison]

> >
> > Jerry D.- better?
> >
> > ;-)
> >
> > Ed B.
> >
> Much better, Steve's and everyone elses too.
>Biofuel only uses 1/3 the space as before.
>   Thanks a Lot,
>  jerry dycus

Hi Jerry

Doesn't last though, I make that request regularly - SNIP, guys! I 
was just getting round to it when you did it instead, thanks! 
Perennial problem on all the lists. One list I know only allows 28 
lines of copy from previous mailings, which I guess is one way of 
doing it, but more than 28 lines can often be relevant, don't like 
hard and fast rules like that.

By the way, how can you use an emailer that'll only accept 15kb?? 
Free, okay, but it sounds like it's worth about what you pay for it. 
Is Hotmail also like that?

Keith Addison
Journey to Forever
Handmade Projects
Tokyo
http://journeytoforever.org/

 


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[biofuel] IT

[jerry dycus]

Hi All,
 It came out last night. It's a short scooter that
is suppose to change the world and the way we design
cities. 
 On the EV list we have been driving small
electric drive scooters, Zappy type fold up, for years
and yes they could change the world and a hell of a
lot of fun too.
  The neat thing about IT is it's powered by a
stirling engine and H2 fueled. To power a scooter it
has to be at least 1 hp. Lots of money behind it so it
might make it..
  If they acturally build these  cheap stirlings
would be everywhere, which would be a nice change and
great for Biofuelers. 
   Hopefully I'll find a good website about it.
--- "NBT -  E. Beggs" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
> RE: Little Giant. Thanks.
> 
> Jerry D.- better?
> 
> ;-)
> 
> Ed B.
> 
 Much better, Steve's and everyone elses too.
Biofuel only uses 1/3 the space as before.
   Thanks a Lot,
  jerry dycus
   

__
Do You Yahoo!?
Get email at your own domain with Yahoo! Mail. 
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[biofuel] Bio-diesel tax cut in UK budget

[Ray Foulk]

The annual UK budget (speech by Gordon Brown, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
House of Commons, 7 March 2001) contained the following boost for UK 
bio-diesel. Unfortunately -- for some inexplicable reason -- this does not come 
in until "next" April, which I take to mean 2002. Also, watch out for the 
publication "later this month" of technologies qualifying for 100 per cent taxt 
relief. Will investment in bio-diesel be one of these energy saving 
technologies?

"The pre-Budget report launched the green fuel challenge: with industry invited 
to submit plans for new, more environmentally friendly fuels. I can announce 
that duty will be cut radically on alternative fuels - a further six pence per 
kilogramme duty cut on road fuel gases with effect from 6pm tonight and from 
next April a 20 pence duty cut for bio-diesel. 

"To allow this new industry to plan ahead, duty on road fuel gases will be 
frozen in real terms until 2004. We cannot achieve the Kyoto targets and our 
goal of cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 20 per cent without he climate 
change levy which, with April's simultaneous cut in employers national 
insurance, brings no additional revenues to Government but which will cut 
carbon emissions by five million tonnes by 2010. 

To reward businesses investing in energy saving improvements, the Government is 
publishing this month the list of technologies that will qualify for 100 per 
cent tax relief and later this year we will launch a green technology challenge 
offering this 100 per cent tax relief to companies investing in the next 
generation of environmental technologies." 

Ray Foulk
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
The most comprehensive environmental gateway site on the Internet
www.millennium-debate.org





[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


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[biofuel] Penn State site

[Warren Rekow]

I just came across this interesting  site at
http://www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/VegeFuels.html.

It talks about biodiesel, methane hydrate, global warming, and 
several other topics of interest to this list. Check it out...
-- 
...Warren Rekow

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Re: [biofuel] Frantz..found it

[DAVID REID]

Ed,
  Iwaki which is a Japanese made one is also a good brand. In NZ these
are substantially dearer than the Little Giant equivalent and their extra
cost is not justified but suspect it may be the other way round in the
States or at least equal. Best of luck with your efforts.
 B.r.,  David

-Original Message-
From: NBT - E. Beggs <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com 
Date: Thursday, March 08, 2001 5:57 PM
Subject: Re: [biofuel] Frantz..found it


>RE: Little Giant. Thanks.
>
>Jerry D.- better?
>
>;-)
>
>Ed B.
>
>
>
>Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>To unsubscribe, send an email to:
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
>
>
>


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Re: [biofuel] Bryan Fullerton

[Bryan Fullerton]

Thanks for the Info. Do you think the fact that the Radiator thermostat
doesn't exist would affect the warm-up? And why do you suppose they did not
make a electrical cutoff soon as the Alternator started pumping out voltage?
I had not really noticed them cycling for longer then normal The one or two
remaining seem to be on for only a very short time in the morning when I
start it. It is a '83 Chevy van with a 6.2 originally but now has a 6.5
block with all the 6.2 items on it except the Turbo I fabricated for it.
Thanks..

--Bryan
- Original Message -
From: "anton and federica" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Wednesday, March 07, 2001 10:22 PM
Subject: Re: [biofuel] Bryan Fullerton


> as a mechanic, I would have to say that the amperage draw is dictated by
the
> glow plug itself, not the computer or relay. The relay turns the plugs on
> for a certain amount of time depending on the temp sensor. You have a
> problem with the relay, which has the timer, or the temp sensor. larger
> batteries will make no difference, although higher voltage will, IE; 12V
> plugs in a 24V system.
> also, many cars and trucks went to progrtessively faster glow plugs on
newer
> models, so it is essentiel to get the right glow plugs to go  woth rthe
> relay that is in your car, which hopefully is the correct one for the year
> and model of you car.
> good luck,
> anton
> --
>
> >Have your timing checked,and your injection pump and inectors.If you have
a
> >constant pressure rail system have your computors and relays checked.Most
> >glow plugs last years,have your electrical system checked also,there may
be
> >to much amperage to them. The switch may be defective,they may be on to
> >long.Outside of the prechamber the filiments usually burn up. stephen
> >
>
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>
>
>


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Re: [biofuel] Thankyou

[robert luis rabello]

stephen lakios wrote:

> Thankyou,David and Robert. I set the characters at 64. I do not know if it is 
> working. You will have to let me know,as this message is completely across my 
> screen. Stephen
>

It's working much better!  Thanks for listening!

robert luis rabello


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Re: [biofuel] Bryan Fullerton

[anton and federica]

as a mechanic, I would have to say that the amperage draw is dictated by the
glow plug itself, not the computer or relay. The relay turns the plugs on
for a certain amount of time depending on the temp sensor. You have a
problem with the relay, which has the timer, or the temp sensor. larger
batteries will make no difference, although higher voltage will, IE; 12V
plugs in a 24V system. 
also, many cars and trucks went to progrtessively faster glow plugs on newer
models, so it is essentiel to get the right glow plugs to go  woth rthe
relay that is in your car, which hopefully is the correct one for the year
and model of you car.
good luck,
anton
--

>Have your timing checked,and your injection pump and inectors.If you have a 
>constant pressure rail system have your computors and relays checked.Most 
>glow plugs last years,have your electrical system checked also,there may be 
>to much amperage to them. The switch may be defective,they may be on to 
>long.Outside of the prechamber the filiments usually burn up. stephen
>

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[biofuel] Thankyou

[stephen lakios]

Thankyou,David and Robert. I set the characters at 64. I do not know if it is 
working. You will have to let me know,as this message is completely across my 
screen. Stephen


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


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Re: [biofuel] Frantz..found it

[NBT - E. Beggs]

RE: Little Giant. Thanks.

Jerry D.- better?

;-)

Ed B.



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Re: [biofuel] Cellulose to sugar in a heat reactor

[Keith Addison]

"Davison" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>Where did you find this Keith?  Have you tried it yet?

Hi

I found it here:
http://www.i4at.org/library.html
Appropriate Technology Library

But that seems to be all there is.

No, I haven't tried it, I was hoping someone else would though! :-)

Best

Keith Addison
Journey to Forever
Handmade Projects
Tokyo
http://journeytoforever.org/

 


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Re: [biofuel] Re: Frantz..found it / raw fat

[DAVID REID]

Andrew,
  I have answered this question for you before. Believe the best
system you can use is an Amiad ss screen irrigation filter for the primary
filtration and a by-pass filter for your final filtration. The price in Aus
is good and not expensive for what they will do.
For me to bring them to NZ the airfreight rate ex Perth to Auckland (6000
km) is too dear so I have to seafreight them and the final price is
obviously a bit dearer. Still with my markup on they are less than 2/5th the
landed cost of a well known american brand. Mil-Mac are a good brand and
well made and it is good to see you Aussies can do something right even if
you do kick our kiwi butts and beat us at cricket and rugby at present.
Bruce is a good guy and recently came to NZ to talk to various people about
an agency before asking me if I would become the National Distributor. As
these are along the line I believe in, agrees with my philosophy, and wish
to follow I readily agreed. Hopefully I will sell a lot of them, and give
some of these oil companies a good kick in the butt at the same time. As I
have said in some of my advertising material "Oil lasts for ever. It does
not wear out. It merely becomes contaminated".  It makes far more sense to
remove the contaminants and recycle the cleaned oil rather than remove the
oil and throw it away causing pollution, contamination and enviromental
poisoning. The track record of the oil companies for the last 100 years does
not argue well for them and speaks for itself. As they used to say about
Richard NIxon "Would you buy a used car off this man?" Exactly the same
thing.
The Mil-Mac has a cast aluminium body and if you want it to work well I
would suggest you adapt it and add some electrical heating to the body. The
secret is  like most solutions in thinking laterally. The trouble with beef
fat is that it congeals so it may take a bit of trial and error. Ask John
Harris if you get stuck. He seems to have a good mind and can  quite quickly
see how to adapt things. He is also not too far away from you I think. His
idea of a truck oil centrifuge is a good one but I doubt if you will find a
good second hand one.  This is a good idea in principal and may work well as
an intermediate middle stage. Perhaps you two should get together to see
what you can come up with.
If you think the T.P. filters are dear wait till you get to the Amiads. They
are twice the price. I suppose someones got to pay for those mad Israelis to
fight the mad Arabs not just the Yanks. I often think what a great country I
would live in if the Americans gave us the US$3 billion a year they give the
Israelis to prop up the system. Instead we are ostracised and not trusted as
Anzus partners anymore because we dont let their nuclear ships in here
anymore. Probably the best deal we have made. Only time will tell. Not that
I am too worried one way or the other.
Still the old story you get what you pay for regarding the Amiads. Can
probably dig out the right model if you want it . These have a knob you can
turn to back flush them and also a  easily removable trap in others. It just
depends on how lazy and sophisticated you want to get. Hope this helps.
B.r.,  David



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Re: [biofuel] First Batch

[steve spence]

I'll work on it.

Steve Spence
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We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors,
we borrow it from our children.
--

- Original Message - 
From: "jerry dycus" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Wednesday, March 07, 2001 7:08 AM
Subject: Re: [biofuel] First Batch


> Hi Steve and All,
>   Not Bad, 5  webconx signatures and 8 Journey to
> Forever signatures at 29k for a 4 line comment ;-). 
>  Thanks to everyone who is editing now. It really
> helps e-mail down load time, headroom ,archive space
> and cost.  
>   Thank you,  jerry dycus



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Re: [biofuel] Bryan Fullerton

[Bryan Fullerton]

So you think perhaps the fact that I have 3 of Les Shwab best batteries
totaling nearly 3,000 cranking amps may be burning them out a little soon?
Once they started to go it did not take them long at all, about 3 months in
all.. Cranking speed means alot in a diesel so it does not take too long to
start just lots of smoke.. Hmm have to figure out a way around that. Perhaps
put contactors on the other 2 batteries and just use them for standby
thanks for the input..

--Bryan


- Original Message -
From: "stephen lakios" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Tuesday, March 06, 2001 2:58 PM
Subject: [biofuel] Bryan Fullerton


> Have your timing checked,and your injection pump and inectors.If you have
a constant pressure rail system have your computors and relays checked.Most
glow plugs last years,have your electrical system checked also,there may be
to much amperage to them. The switch may be defective,they may be on to
long.Outside of the prechamber the filiments usually burn up. stephen
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
> To unsubscribe, send an email to:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
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>
>
>


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Re: [biofuel] ENERGIES

[steve spence]

NOx is tied to combustion temperatures. external combustion typically has
lower temps than internal combustion engines.

Steve Spence
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We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors,
we borrow it from our children.
--

- Original Message -
From: "John Harris" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Tuesday, March 06, 2001 1:25 PM
Subject: Re: [biofuel] ENERGIES


> Hi Malcolm
> How do inefficiencies become irrelevant in an external combustion engine ?
> Do you know how they get the NOx emissions down so low in an external
> combustion situation, most times they go up as the combustion pressure
goes
> down.
> Regards
> John Harris
>
> -Original Message-
> From: malcolm.scott <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com 
> Date: Wednesday, 7 March 2001 1:58
> Subject: Re: [biofuel] ENERGIES
>
>
> >No this is not a wankel. it has the same piston shape but is external
> >combustion, so the inefficiencies and emmission problems of the wankel
are
> >not relevant.
> >Malcolm
> >
> >- Original Message -
> >From: "steve spence" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> >To: 
> >Sent: Tuesday, March 06, 2001 11:47 AM
> >Subject: Re: [biofuel] ENERGIES
>
>
>
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>
>
>


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Re: [biofuel] Frantz..found it

[DAVID REID]

Ed,
  Sorry just deleted your other reply re mag drive pumps. If you want to
use an aquarium type one just make sure they will handle the temp as
mentioned previously or you only have it on for a few minutes at a time.
If you want a good brand in North America try Little Giant. A lot more
expensive but probably worth it.
Good luck with your efforts
B.r.,  David


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Re: [biofuel] Frantz..Orifice

[DAVID REID]

John,
  I am not sure you are right. To get good filtration you need to
drop the velocity so proper separation occurs. This is the purpose of the
orifice so only a certain volume of oil can enter and pass at any given time
period. This is why by-pass filters work and Factory Full Flow Filters dont.
Full Flows are only a protective screening device designed to filter out the
large particles (generally over 30 micron) and chunks. [Planned obsolescence
planned on a big scale].While the filter might say on it 10 micron this is a
nominal rating only and is any figure the manufacturer wants to pull out of
the air. Generally grossly overstated. Absolute rating is the only one that
counts. Difference is while a nominally rated filter will pull the odd
particle out down to that size most of them only really start at much higher
levels no matter what the manufacturer claims  (generally round the 25 to 30
micron level). An absolute rating means the filter  removes particles down
to that rating and theoretically all above. Even then that rating still has
to be taken with a grain of salt. Results are often not repeatable. Under
this system they can test a piece of filter cloth rather than a complete
filter.The oil industry, the auto industy, engine manufacturers, and filter
manufacturers have got away with this for a hundred years (the old story
"Keep them in the dark and baffle them with bullshit)". Only now with the
introduction of beta ratio testing are they slowly being forced to do tests
that are reliable and repeatable. Even then expect this to take at least 10
years before these are phased in fully.
If you want to filter finished biodiesel then a fuel filter is acceptable
but if you want to filter wvo then you will need an oil filter. Suggest a s
s screen irrigation filter before this such as an Amiad.Oil filters can be
converted to fuel filters by drilling the orifice out and opening it up but
not the other way round.
Note that by-pass filters generally use depth filtration as opposed to
surface filtration and which is universally recognized as being vastly
superior. (something like 130 times the surface depth ie.4" or 100mm +
compared to 1/32" or 0.8mm).
Trouble with T.P is that it can be impacted by too much pressure. Good
by-pass filters contain the roll in a can which holds the roll in place, is
easy to remove and extract the roll. Idea is to keep the pressure down which
can easily be achieved by the use of a needle valve. Idea is to set it and
then not let anyone tamper with it. Flowrate will drop a little as its get
towards the end of its operational life so set it initially and then dont
touch or tamper with it. Was suprised the other day when I was talking to
the technical manager for Cummins when he asked me why I want to utilize and
push an old technology. Point is the concept has not been surpassed and/or
superceded. May have been now equalled but at what cost. Do you want to use
a spin on filter at $50 plus minimum when you can use a filter that cost
less than 1/25th the price. Trouble is nobody is making any money out of
this except the paper company so Joe Public gets shafted again. While I
would not knock Cummins as they make great motors  I would point out they
own Fleetguard Filters so expect lots of hype about their new marvellous
filters that they have just developed over the next few years (.hell
I think I have heard this  all before.) 
By the way 60 % of the wear and tear in a motor is caused by particles
between 5 and 15 micron in size with 75 to 80 %  caused by particles between
1 and 20 micron. Does it suprise me that at least 95% or more  of all Full
Flow Filters only remove particles above  20-25 micron and the public knows
diddly quat about by-pass filters. Now dont blame your mechanic,  your used
car salesman, or whoever either. HELL MAN he's got to eat as well.
Just as an afterthought: Studies by Cummins Technical Centre (part of
Cummins Engine Coy the largest truck engine manufacturer in the world showed
that wear can be reduced by up to 91% as a result of using a by-pass filter
in combination with the full flow filter. The same studies also showed that
the older an engine gets the more carbon must be removed and that this is
when the engine needs the added protection the most. (quote: Cummins: quote:
David).  How come the world dosnt know this? HELL MAN is it my fault that I
believe in capitalism first and democracy second?
By the way a single filter does not want to pass more than 2 litres or 1/2
gal per minute if it is going to do its job properly. If you are wanting to
pass more than that use 2 singles,  a double or a treble. Also note that a
double dosnt pass twice as much and a treble three times as much due to that
orifice restriction.
B.r.,  David

-Original Message-
From: John Harris <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com 
Date: Tuesday, March 06, 2001 6:15 PM
Subject: Re: [biofuel] Frantz..Orifice


>If you get a Full flow fra

Re: [biofuel] Cellulose to sugar in a heat reactor

[Davison]

Where did you find this Keith?  Have you tried it yet?


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[biofuel] Vegetable Oil for Engine Lubrication

[R Hoard]

Hello All,

   Someone asked about synthetic oil being made from vegetable oil.  I found 
a site quoting a NYTimes Article which is posted below from:
http://sierraactivist.org/library/990614/oil.html

   Its not about synthetics at all but thought it was close enough to merit 
a post.

   Enjoy,
Richard Hoard

A Vegetable Oil for Engine Lubrication
New York Times - June 14, 1999Ê

By SABRA CHARTRAND
Efforts to make cars more environmentally sound have centered on designing
cleaner-running engines, and eliminating the need for gasoline in favor
of electricity. But presumably any car will still have an engine made up
of some moving metal parts, and that requires lubricants. Cars like trains,
lawn mowers or chain saws rely on petroleum-based motor oils. Which brings 
those concerned about the environment right back to the drawing board.
Even an electric car may produce toxic waste from motor oil.
But James Lambert and Duane Johnson have developed an alternative. They
have patented a vegetable oil lubricant. Their invention can be circulated
in internal combustion engines, or sprayed in one-time applications like
those necessary for lubricating train rails.

The inventors, from Colorado Springs, Colo., plan for their lubricant
to be "a total replacement for current petroleum and vegetable-based 
additives
to petroleum."

Years ago, car owners who changed their own oil could just dump a pan
of dirty black oil into the nearest sewer drain. Now that people understand
how toxic oil waste can be to soil, water, plants, animals and people,
used motor oil must be discarded carefully.

But other petroleum-based lubricants are still regularly dumped in the
open.

Some lubricants are also used in what the inventors identify as "total
loss applications." In those applications, oils are applied only once and
then thrown away. Trains use such oils, spewing huge amounts of petroleum
waste onto the ground.

"A train alone may consume five gallons of oil per 1,000 miles as the
oil is sprayed on the track to lubricate the wheels," the inventors write
in their patent. "This amounts to a total of 300,000 gallons annually being
discarded along railings within the U.S. alone."

Since the oils used in cars and on train rails are petroleum based,
they are not biodegradable. In addition, chemicals are usually added to
improve the consistency and performance of the oil. Of course, these oils
are distilled from crude petroleum, a nonrenewable natural resource.

Lambert and Johnson hope to eliminate concerns over motor oils altogether.
Their patent covers a vegetable oil lubricant they say is biodegradable
as well as more efficient at lubrication and heat transfer than 
petroleum-based
oils. Their lubricant is made up of three elements: a base oil, an oil
made up of hydroxy fatty acids and an oil made up of vegetable or animal 
waxes.

The patent stipulates that the base oil come from unrefined vegetable
oils like soybean, canola, rapeseed, crambe, safflower, or sunflower. The
inventors prefer to get their hydroxy fatty acids from castor, and their
waxes from jojoba, meadowfoam or lanolin. Natural anti-oxidants are also
present in the lubricant, and the inventors say that synthetic anti-oxidants
may also be added.

The patent, which belongs to the Agro Management Groupof Colorado
Springs, is 5,888,947.
_
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Re: [biofuel] UK budget changes

[biofuels]

But the 20p reduction in tax on biodiesel does not come into force until
April 2002 - that is on HM Treasury site.


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Re: [biofuel] OIL IN THE ARCTIC NATURAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

[Alicia Clancy]

If you are opposed to this you can find out more and take some 
action...here are some links:

http://www.savearcticrefuge.org/
http://www.gristmagazine.com/grist/citizen/citizen020501.stm

Alicia


>OIL IN THE ARCTIC NATURAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
>
>"The Void Without the 'Great Beyond,'" by Sam
>Howe Verhovek in the New York Times, February 18,
>2001, Section 4, page 1.
>
>This article discusses the importance of the
>Arctic Natural Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) as one of
>the country's few relatively untouched regions.
>At one point it presents an argument by
>proponents of oil drilling: that the oil which
>comes out of ANWR will enhance national security
>by reducing the nation's dependence on foreign
>oil. This is a peculiar argument, since it is
>only true as long as the oil is in the ground.
>
>At present, and in almost any foreseeable future
>scenario, the U.S. can buy all the oil it chooses
>to buy on world markets. If it drains the oil
>from ANWR during a period in which oil is readily
>available, then it has eliminated a reserve that
>may be important at some point when oil is not
>available. The national security argument on ANWR
>would seem to be that the oil should be left
>there, to protect against the possibility that
>the U.S. will be unable to get foreign oil at
>some future date.
>
>From Economic Reporting Review, 2/27/01
>By Dean Baker
>
>Yahoo! Groups Sponsor 
>269:N/A=524804/*http://www.classmates.com/index.tf?s=2629>
>Click here for Classmates.com
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[biofuel] UK budget changes

[David Teal]

Today, 7th March, the Chancellor of the Exchequer announce in his budget
speech:

"As announced in his pre-Budget report last year, road tax will be scrapped
for all tractors and agricultural vehicles.

There were also tax cuts for alternatives to petrol, with 6p per kilogramme
cut in road fuel gases and a 20p cut for bio-diesel."  (that's per litre)

David Teal




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Re: [biofuel] Cellulose to sugar in a heat reactor

[Keith Addison]

Hi Todd

>Any clue where this comes from?

I found it here:
http://www.i4at.org/library.html
Appropriate Technology Library

But that seems to be all there is.

>The electricity requirement would be interesting to uncover.

Yes.

Best

Keith Addison
Journey to Forever
Handmade Projects
Tokyo
http://journeytoforever.org/

 

>Todd
>Appal Energy
>
> > http://128.242.218.9/wd4601/wf53.gif
> > Cellulose to sugar in a heat reactor
> >
> > Just a diagram, no text.
> >
> > Keith Addison
> > Journey to Forever


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[biofuel] messages to the members of the group

[Sam Braswell]

Thanks for the welcome to the groupI look
forward to the bio-fuels discussions so that I
may learn the different ways to make bio-fuels.

Very truly yours,

Sam Braswell
Pine Bluff, Arkansas   USA

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Re: [biofuel] Cellulose to sugar in a heat reactor

[Appal Energy]

Any clue where this comes from?

The electricity requirement would be interesting to uncover.

Todd
Appal Energy

> http://128.242.218.9/wd4601/wf53.gif
> Cellulose to sugar in a heat reactor
> 
> Just a diagram, no text.
> 
> Keith Addison
> Journey to Forever



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