Re: [biofuel] WARNING! - enemy action by Yahoo

[Keith Addison]

Hi MM

Thanks for this.

We do at the moment have a member apparently in India with a virus 
that's picking members' names out of his address book and sending 
itself to people, with false sender names of other list members. It's 
impossible to find out who he is from the information that's 
available. I may have tracked down his ISP but all I can get out of 
them so far is an auto-response. I guess it happens all the time, I 
just happen to know of this one. A problem is that so many users know 
so little about using their machines and simply don't know about 
virus gear and how to keep it updated. That seems amazing but it's 
true.

> >By the way, some of these viruses steal senders' addresses out of
> >people's mailboxes and send counterfeit messages with counterfeit
> >subject-lines. They might thus appear to be coming from the lists,
> >but they're not, they're counterfeits. In the past people haven't
> >believed this and unsubbed, and still got the messages. So if you're
> >getting viruses, you're NOT getting them from the Biofuel or
> >Biofuels-biz list.
> >
> >If you're a Windoze user with Outhouse Express and Internet Exploder
> >and all that wondrous stuff, make sure your anti-virus gear is
> >updated and in place. Or GET A MAC!!
>
>I'm sure that Macs are terribly nice machines,

Yes they are! :-)

>but there is a 3rd
>solution which you do not mention, which should perhaps be mentioned,
>in this context, as it is probably the most practical.  Getting a Mac,
>i.e., changing one's entire computer setup, would cost $500-$2500 just
>for initial hardware and writeoff of one's old equipment, several
>hundred or thousand more for replacement of one's apps, and
>one-can-only-estimate for-oneself how much in personal retraining and
>re-setup.

Um, no. You can run Windoze on a Mac, with all your Windoze apps. 
Recent tests have found the Mac Windoze emulator runs better than PC 
Windoze.

Macs are easy to set up, they more or less set themselves up, there's 
very little to do, especially for new users - Mac users upgrading 
might have more problems getting some of their existing software 
working right, but still not much of a problem. The learning curve 
isn't steep, it's very intuitive, you learn by doing.

It's a myth that Macs are very expensive - some of them are, but 
these are great machines, good deal:

http://www.apple.com/imac/
Apple - iMac

http://www.apple.com/ibook/
Apple - iBook

Lifetime costs are lower than for PCs, and productivity is higher.

>In my case, one of the things I'd look for would be for the
>company and its application writers to make a better effort to offer
>me some sort of trade-in deal so that I could make sure to outfit any
>new Mac with equivalent application software.

I think you're asking a bit much.

>I've owned, for about $50 2002 dollars, a Windows non-Outlook Express
>email client for 7 years, and although it has its deficiencies, to be
>sure, one of its primary advantages is that it is *not* Outlook or
>Netscape or Eudora, and it does not employ any of their address book
>schemes, that I can tell.  So, it is not as vulnerable to these
>address book invasion ways that Outlook-targeting viruses seem to
>propogate.  It also is ok at turning off these automated functions
>that seem to go with endangering one's setup by opening attachments in
>Outlook and the like.
>
>The one that I use can be downloaded from here:
>
>http://www.forteinc.com/agent/download.php
>
>however, I use the paid-for version.  Also note that it is a usenet
>reader, and that is a separate matter.  I don't really use that aspect
>of it, even though that was its primary thing.
>
>I am not trying to advocate use of the email client that I have, only
>trying to impart that, as to this assinine security vulnerability that
>Microsoft has allowed to fester for year after year, there are
>solutions for Windows users that are slightly effective, and that do
>not necessitate the expense of thousands of dollars.
>
>I also advocate trying other email clients, seeing which one you like,
>and then *paying for it*.  It may sound silly, but I think it's sort
>of cheaper to pay for these things in the long run then to perpetually
>try to get away with using them for free, particularly if it is to be
>one's most heavily-used application.
>
>Other security measures not completely unreasonable, in a poor-man's
>practical,
>no-one-measure-is-sufficient-always-be-on-guard-layered-approach are:
>
>www.grc.com
>
>and of course a firewall (and-or hardware firewall-router?) and
>antivirus software, used *intelligently*.  Just my ignorant opinion.

A sound opinion, thanks, it'll help. Windoze itself is a virus 
magnet, but you can definitely reduce the damage (and the nuisance to 
others) by getting away from the other M$ software, especially 
Outlook, then Explorer (try Opera), and the Office suite is full of 
vulnerabilities.

>And, by the way, Macs are vulnerable to attack too.  It just seems to
>be a conception, amo

Re: [biofuel] Forests (Long)

[Greg and April]

- Original Message -
From: "Keith Addison" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Friday, December 06, 2002 23:57
Subject: Re: [biofuel] Forests (Long)


> Greg wrote:
>
> >What about firebombing a resort that is under construction? Homes that
have
> >been built? These things don't have anything to do with "old forest",
>
> No? We'd have to know something about the background of these cases
> before proposing them as general and typical behaviour rather than
> exceptional extremes. "Unoccupied private property" - maybe what the
> developers said about the forests? Rightly or wrongly? Case by case.
>

I gave several links that talked about varoius cases ( did you read them? )
the ELA (Earth Liberation Front) seams to be the worst.

> >yet it
> >is done just the same as the vandalizeing the logging equipment.
>
> I think sabotage would be a better word than vandalize. No matter how
> wrongheaded it might be it's not sheer wanton destruction, it's not
> mindless, it has a clear purpose.

If you want to get down to it, logging has a purpose too.

> But again, these are exceptional
> extremes, we are talking about painting environmentalists as
> destructive villains *as a general rule* - more destructive than the
> big logging companies or the bureaucrats (more often *and* the
> bureaucrats).
>
> So are you saying that these examples are typical of what most
> environmentalists and environmental groups do most of the time? That
> that's how they generally behave, as a matter of course?
>

No, what I'm saying, as a group enviromentelist tend to have more indivuals,
that take
things to an extream, more than willing to break the law in the proceses.
While Big Logging when they do something wrong (can it not sometimes  [not
all the time]  be attributed to honest mistakes?), it is out in the open for
all to see if they look.

> On the other hand, my examples of big logging companies cheating on
> their promises, destroying precious resources for profit and trying
> to cover it all up with a bit of greenwash are rather too typical, it
> does qualify as general behaviour, and the bureaucrats willingly
> assist. (See my next comment, for instance.)
>

Now you are saying that everyone in the logging business (from the newest
logger to the oldest CEO of the corp.) is doing it? Is isn't it just what
you
were saying about my comment about enviromentalist? Somewere someone has
ultiment responsability for doing these things. Can miscomunication or other
comunacation mishaps ( true ones not one that are concevied ) be a part of
the problem?

> > > "He hit me in the fist with his jaw, your
> > > honor."
> > >
> >I think that is a rather poor analigy. A closer one might be " He
attacked
> >me when I hit his friend your honor " At which point the judge would tell
> >the other guy he should have called the police and let the courts take
care
> >of it, as it is he is in trouble to.
>
> Maybe, though it's not a poor analogy. When it goes to the courts
> instead, to the appeals, the FS "is itself the judge of such
> challenges - often concluding that timber sales it has already
> approved are illegal or otherwise flawed". Contrary to allegation.

If the FS is doing such, then the system, must work to some extent.

>
> > > They're talking about total clear-cutting and commercial logging
> > > disguised as fire-control.
> > >
> >Ok, what about salvage after the fire when there is a lot of dead / dying
> >trees around? Shouldn't they be removed so that they do not contribute to
> >the next fire? They are to dangrous just to leave as is, even with out
the
> >threat of fire, dead trees that are still standing are not called "widdow
> >makers" for no reasion. Salvaged they can help pay for fighting the fire
and
> >it clean up, for that matter why should I not pay say $50.00 so I can cut
> >some up for fire wood to help heat my house this year, instead of $200.00
> >to have a cord of wood delivered?
> >
> >This is part of what I'm talking about:
> >http://www.kktv.com/home/headlines/168102.html
>
> So? What's the problem? Nobody's stopping them doing that.
>

Some locals are having problems with the fact that logging is to happen at
all ( It is not natural ).

> > >
> > > They're two very large but *separate* companies. A Google search for
> > > Boise Cascade gets about 95,100 hits, for Interfor, or International
> > > Forest Products, 7,360.
> > >
> > > Or try this, better:
> > > Forest Conservation Portal
> > > http://www.forests.org/search/
> > >
> >If you don't mind, I take your word about Interfor and Boise Cascade for
> >now, between watching the kids, job hunting and physical theraopy, I
don't
> >have time to look up a 100,000+ links.

>
> None of us has much time to spare. But since you're interested in
> forestry and yet you know nothing of these two very big and voracious
> US logging companies, not even that they were different companies
> (yet you probably buy or use many of their products), it might be
> worthwhile to take a

Re: [biofuel] WARNING! - enemy action by Yahoo

[murdoch]

>By the way, some of these viruses steal senders' addresses out of 
>people's mailboxes and send counterfeit messages with counterfeit 
>subject-lines. They might thus appear to be coming from the lists, 
>but they're not, they're counterfeits. In the past people haven't 
>believed this and unsubbed, and still got the messages. So if you're 
>getting viruses, you're NOT getting them from the Biofuel or 
>Biofuels-biz list.
>
>If you're a Windoze user with Outhouse Express and Internet Exploder 
>and all that wondrous stuff, make sure your anti-virus gear is 
>updated and in place. Or GET A MAC!!

I'm sure that Macs are terribly nice machines, but there is a 3rd
solution which you do not mention, which should perhaps be mentioned,
in this context, as it is probably the most practical.  Getting a Mac,
i.e., changing one's entire computer setup, would cost $500-$2500 just
for initial hardware and writeoff of one's old equipment, several
hundred or thousand more for replacement of one's apps, and
one-can-only-estimate for-oneself how much in personal retraining and
re-setup.  In my case, one of the things I'd look for would be for the
company and its application writers to make a better effort to offer
me some sort of trade-in deal so that I could make sure to outfit any
new Mac with equivalent application software.

I've owned, for about $50 2002 dollars, a Windows non-Outlook Express
email client for 7 years, and although it has its deficiencies, to be
sure, one of its primary advantages is that it is *not* Outlook or
Netscape or Eudora, and it does not employ any of their address book
schemes, that I can tell.  So, it is not as vulnerable to these
address book invasion ways that Outlook-targeting viruses seem to
propogate.  It also is ok at turning off these automated functions
that seem to go with endangering one's setup by opening attachments in
Outlook and the like.

The one that I use can be downloaded from here:

http://www.forteinc.com/agent/download.php

however, I use the paid-for version.  Also note that it is a usenet
reader, and that is a separate matter.  I don't really use that aspect
of it, even though that was its primary thing.

I am not trying to advocate use of the email client that I have, only
trying to impart that, as to this assinine security vulnerability that
Microsoft has allowed to fester for year after year, there are
solutions for Windows users that are slightly effective, and that do
not necessitate the expense of thousands of dollars.

I also advocate trying other email clients, seeing which one you like,
and then *paying for it*.  It may sound silly, but I think it's sort
of cheaper to pay for these things in the long run then to perpetually
try to get away with using them for free, particularly if it is to be
one's most heavily-used application.

Other security measures not completely unreasonable, in a poor-man's
practical,
no-one-measure-is-sufficient-always-be-on-guard-layered-approach are:

www.grc.com

and of course a firewall (and-or hardware firewall-router?) and
antivirus software, used *intelligently*.  Just my ignorant opinion.

And, by the way, Macs are vulnerable to attack too.  It just seems to
be a conception, among macsters, that they are not vulnerable to
attack.  I imagine there's some truth to the idea that they are
somewhat less vulnerable.

MM

>Regards
>
>Keith
>
>
>
>Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
>Biofuels list archives:
>http://archive.nnytech.net/
>
>Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
>To unsubscribe, send an email to:
>[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
>
>Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ 
>
>


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Re: [biofuel] RE: Re: RE: home heating with biofuels

[Neoteric Biofuels Inc]

Danfoss makes a fuel preheater, have you seen it?




On Saturday, December 7, 2002, at 09:58 AM, Myles Twete wrote:

> Jesse- yes, I know of the Hago eco-nozzles --- and might see if I can 
> get
> one to work on our burner.  We're just using a standard Danfoss nozzle 
> I
> believe.
> I'm using a 0.65gal/hour at about 70deg fan, solid cone.  The Hago
> econozzles I believe simply use a small, built-in, low-pressure check 
> valve
> to stop nozzle drip when the pressure stops.
>
> -Myles
>
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://archive.nnytech.net/
>
> Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
> To unsubscribe, send an email to:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to 
> http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
>
>



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[biofuel] Re: Lubricants from Vegetable Oils

[hcr_ii <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>]

Thanks Steve,
H

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, "Steve Spence" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> see http://www.greenoil-online.com/hydraulc.html
> 
> Steve Spence
> Subscribe to the Renewable Energy Newsletter
> & Discussion Boards. Read about Sustainable Technology:
> http://www.green-trust.org
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> - Original Message -
> From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> To: 
> Sent: Saturday, December 07, 2002 7:44 AM
> Subject: [biofuel] Re: Lubricants from Vegetable Oils
> 
> 
> > In the forestry side of my work, I already insist on vegetable 
based
> > chain lube, but wondered if anyone had any experience of veggie
> > based hydraulic oils. If you have ever seen a hose come off on a
> > forwarder you will know what a mess (and potentially criminal) it
> > makes of the forest floor.
> >
> > H
> >
> > --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > > Lubricants from Vegetable Oils
> > > Vegetable oil-based lubricants are emerging as a high-
performance
> > > environmentally friendly alternative to the more commonly
> > purchased
> > > petroleum oil lubricants. Users choose vegetable oil-based
> > lubricants
> > > because they perform as well or better than petroleum oils, are
> > > readily biodegradable and low in toxicity, and offer worker 
safety
> > > advantages. The newly published, Lubricants from Vegetable Oil
> > > provides an overview of the use of vegetable oil-based 
lubricants
> > in
> > > industrial and automotive applications, and identifies 
companies
> > that
> > > sell these products. Click here for ordering information
> > > http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/html/puborder.html
> >
> >
> >
> > Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> > http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
> >
> > Biofuels list archives:
> > http://archive.nnytech.net/
> >
> > Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
> > To unsubscribe, send an email to:
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >
> > Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to 
http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
> >
> >
> >



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[biofuel] Modification of dumb idea!! Was: A Really Dumb Idea

[csakima]

I wonder if anyone has tried this using a STATIONARY engine   a
small-block Chevy on an engine stand ... hooked up to a generator.  Kind of
in the line of "co-generation" ... except that the heat operates
distillation equipment ... instead of just heating a room.   If so ... any
success??

Curtis

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- Original Message -
From: robert luis rabello <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>

The problem with distillation, aside from legality issues, stems from the
energy required to adequately separate ethanol from water.  So I did a
little bit of math in my head:

My truck uses 1 liter of gasoline for roughly every 10 kilometers of travel.
That's a little more than 3 kw of energy--most of which (at least 50%) ends
up in either the coolant or the exhaust.  For every 10 kilometers I drive, I
have at least 1 500 watts of "throw away" energy available in the form of
heat.

It's "distillation as you drive"!


-
Introducing NetZero Long Distance
1st month Free!
Sign up today at: www.netzerolongdistance.com

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[biofuel] Re: [biofuels-biz] Shell Oil and the Politics of Hype

[murdoch]

>>There is little doubt in my mind that Doyle is one of our greatest
>>assets, as an investigative writer on these matters.
>>
>>Not mentioned is Shell's (and I think BP Amoco's) recent (very
>>predictable?
>
>Yes.
>
>>) scaling-back of Solar-PV production, supposedly in
>>response to market conditions.

I wanted to add something.  A third Oil Company which has something to
do with Solar Energy is Chevron-Texaco.  This also ties in with my
recent comments about their partnership with Energy Conversion devices
in the Ovonic Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Efforts.  This is because,
while they own something like 50% of the Ovonic Joint Venture, they
own 20% of the overall company (Energy Conversion Devices, ECD for
short, but the stock symbol is ENER) stock, and ECD owns United Solar,
one of the top 10 or 15 solar manufacturers (I haven't researched the
hierarchy in awhile).

Texaco did cash in on this, green PR-wise, a year or two ago with an
announcement that they were installing quite a good amount of United
Solar panels at one of their Oil installations (a field, a refinery? I
don't recall) I think in California.  The amount was I think in the
hundreds of killowatts, and was certainly good news, regardless of
whatever cynicism we may direct at Oil Company involvement in solar
energy.

I am not clear, these days, as to what someone really in-the-know
would say to us about C-T and their affect (if any) on United Solar's
business.  United Solar makes some of the PV panels which serve as
more-attractive de facto roof panels, but they may also make a more
conventional type of PV as well.  They have also been fighting for
some sort of manufacturing innovation.

One of the reasons I haven't read up on them in quite awhile is that
their shareholders/fans tend to be so fanatical that it is difficult
to get a word in edge-wise and is a giant turnoff for casual
followers.

So anyway, we have recent evidence that Shell and BP-Amoco seem to be
cutting back solar PV production, and I have no evidence that
Chevron-Texaco is doing the same, just mentioning that they have some
involvement in the industry.  I am not presently a shareholder.  It
was once mentioned to me by a C-T person that a primary reason for
their decision to get into ECD was, going back a few years, ECD's
hydrogen storage technology (for whatever reason, some of the
materials that ECD works with, such as in their NiMH batteries, seem
to lend themselves to a Hydride solid-stateish storage of Hydrogen
atoms downsides seemed to be weight and that heating is required
to trigger getting the H2 out, but it's been awhile).

Honda, also, let us remember, announced getting into the solar
business last year, but it is not clear to me if that is progressing.
Thank goodness, in any case, for the Japanese and to some extent the
Germans, with respect to progressive-mileage-technology vehicles and
separately with respect to the Photovoltaic Industry.  Without them,
the Oil Industry would have less competition.  Interesting that market
conditions in Germany were cited by I think Shell as to a reason for
their Solar cutbacks.  I do have stock in an obscure German solar
manufacturer.

MM


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Re: [biofuels-biz] Shell Oil and the Politics of Hype

[murdoch]

>>There is little doubt in my mind that Doyle is one of our greatest
>>assets, as an investigative writer on these matters.
>>
>>Not mentioned is Shell's (and I think BP Amoco's) recent (very
>>predictable?
>
>Yes.
>
>>) scaling-back of Solar-PV production, supposedly in
>>response to market conditions.

I wanted to add something.  A third Oil Company which has something to
do with Solar Energy is Chevron-Texaco.  This also ties in with my
recent comments about their partnership with Energy Conversion devices
in the Ovonic Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Efforts.  This is because,
while they own something like 50% of the Ovonic Joint Venture, they
own 20% of the overall company (Energy Conversion Devices, ECD for
short, but the stock symbol is ENER) stock, and ECD owns United Solar,
one of the top 10 or 15 solar manufacturers (I haven't researched the
hierarchy in awhile).

Texaco did cash in on this, green PR-wise, a year or two ago with an
announcement that they were installing quite a good amount of United
Solar panels at one of their Oil installations (a field, a refinery? I
don't recall) I think in California.  The amount was I think in the
hundreds of killowatts, and was certainly good news, regardless of
whatever cynicism we may direct at Oil Company involvement in solar
energy.

I am not clear, these days, as to what someone really in-the-know
would say to us about C-T and their affect (if any) on United Solar's
business.  United Solar makes some of the PV panels which serve as
more-attractive de facto roof panels, but they may also make a more
conventional type of PV as well.  They have also been fighting for
some sort of manufacturing innovation.

One of the reasons I haven't read up on them in quite awhile is that
their shareholders/fans tend to be so fanatical that it is difficult
to get a word in edge-wise and is a giant turnoff for casual
followers.

So anyway, we have recent evidence that Shell and BP-Amoco seem to be
cutting back solar PV production, and I have no evidence that
Chevron-Texaco is doing the same, just mentioning that they have some
involvement in the industry.  I am not presently a shareholder.  It
was once mentioned to me by a C-T person that a primary reason for
their decision to get into ECD was, going back a few years, ECD's
hydrogen storage technology (for whatever reason, some of the
materials that ECD works with, such as in their NiMH batteries, seem
to lend themselves to a Hydride solid-stateish storage of Hydrogen
atoms downsides seemed to be weight and that heating is required
to trigger getting the H2 out, but it's been awhile).

Honda, also, let us remember, announced getting into the solar
business last year, but it is not clear to me if that is progressing.
Thank goodness, in any case, for the Japanese and to some extent the
Germans, with respect to progressive-mileage-technology vehicles and
separately with respect to the Photovoltaic Industry.  Without them,
the Oil Industry would have less competition.  Interesting that market
conditions in Germany were cited by I think Shell as to a reason for
their Solar cutbacks.  I do have stock in an obscure German solar
manufacturer.

MM


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RE: [biofuel] Digest Number 1242

[Myles Twete]

Jesse-
> You should not be having any after-drip with the Reillo.

Sure, with standard heating oil---but I'm now using 100% biodiesel---which
higher viscosity than light fuel oil. I didn't have a problem with nozzle
drip until recently...which would be expected if both viscosity increase AND
rubber seal wear combine to cause problems over time.  The fact that Riello
Europe even offers a BIODIESEL KIT for these burners says something about
the inadequacy of the standard pump seals for 100%biodiesel.  One thing I
can say is that the shaft seal has held in there---our old Sundstrand pump
didn't last more than a couple months pumping biodiesel before the
combination of the viscosity increase and the rubber-seal-eroding capability
did the shaft seal inor at least that was my suspicion---I replaced the
shaft seal only to find the leaking continued at the shaft--shaft was
probably too worn to seal.  SO, at least with the Riello pump we don't have
anything but the drip problem.
I might try the Hago nozzles---then again, I might just swap my extra pump
at some point.

Thanks.

-Myles





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[biofuel] RE: Re: RE: home heating with biofuels

[Myles Twete]

Jesse- yes, I know of the Hago eco-nozzles --- and might see if I can get
one to work on our burner.  We're just using a standard Danfoss nozzle I
believe.
I'm using a 0.65gal/hour at about 70deg fan, solid cone.  The Hago
econozzles I believe simply use a small, built-in, low-pressure check valve
to stop nozzle drip when the pressure stops.

-Myles


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Re: [biofuel] A Really Dumb Idea

[robert luis rabello]

Keith Addison wrote:

> Have you seen these?
>

Check out the following page:

http://www.therangerstation.com/TurboInstall.html

The information there is specific to installing turbos on the anemic 2.3
engine, but the ideas are relevant for ethanol, I think.  (But I don't want to 
be a
pioneer on the only vehicle I own--after all, I need to get to work every day!)

> How To Modify Your Car To Run On Alcohol Fuel: "Guidelines for
> converting gasoline engines (With Specific Instructions for
> Air-Cooled Volkswagens)" by Roger Lippman, April 1982 -- Five-chapter
> online book:
> http://terrasol.home.igc.org/alky/alky.htm

This page doesn't really help those of us with multi port EFI.

robert luis rabello


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Re: [biofuel] Lubricants from Vegetable Oils

[Keith Addison]

Hi Hakan

>Hi Keith,
>
>How do you find all of this valuable things?

:-) It's my business to find information, or part of it. But actually 
a lot of it comes to me, I don't have to go to it, it doesn't take as 
much time as you might think. I'm glad you find it valuable.

>This link is great for my
>fictive biodiesel/SVO business. The link is a part of the same organization
>who run the http://newrules.org/ that you pointed us to before. A gold mine
>for my business ideas!

I like all those sites, the Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR), 
Sustainable Minnesota, Carbohydrate Economy, New Rules Project, all 
well worth a good browse, and regularly. They're linked from our 
Ethanol resources page, they were very useful when we first made the 
biofuels section of our website.

>I noted down some ideas about products for sensitive environments already.
>Products that would make sense on going bio with, because of the spill in
>the environment, like.
>Products and fuel in agriculture,
>Products in forest applications,
>Products in maritime applications,
>Gasoline/Veg oil  and ethanol/SVO mix for two stroke engines.

That's a big potential application, and they're dirty. I think there 
was some fuss in Sweden not long ago about two-stroke emissions 
(lawnmowers?), and also in the US. There's been quite a lot of 
discussion here on ethanol and biodiesel mix for two-strokes, and 
more on replacing two-stroke oil with biodiesel.

Regards

Keith



>Hakan
>
>
>At 03:57 PM 12/7/2002 +0900, you wrote:
> >Lubricants from Vegetable Oils
> >Vegetable oil-based lubricants are emerging as a high-performance
> >environmentally friendly alternative to the more commonly purchased
> >petroleum oil lubricants. Users choose vegetable oil-based lubricants
> >because they perform as well or better than petroleum oils, are
> >readily biodegradable and low in toxicity, and offer worker safety
> >advantages. The newly published, Lubricants from Vegetable Oil
> >provides an overview of the use of vegetable oil-based lubricants in
> >industrial and automotive applications, and identifies companies that
> >sell these products. Click here for ordering information
> >http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/html/puborder.html


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Re: [biofuel] A Really Dumb Idea

[Kim & Garth Travis]

What year Rangers?  What do you mean by 'gate'?
Bright Blessings,
Kim

James Slayden wrote:

> Robert,
> 
> A good many of the Ford Rangers are already set up as FFV's, might want to
> check to see if you model is one.  Ususlly there is a little plack on the
> gate that has a highway and a greenleaf.  But I would check with a model
> database online to verify for sure. If it is an FFV it will allow you to
> run E-85, ie. 85% ethanol - 15% gas.  Then you could blend your own.
> 
> James Slayden
> 
> On Thu, 5 Dec 2002, robert luis rabello wrote:
> 
>  > Hello everyone!
>  >
>  > I now live a little over 40 km away from work, and during my drive
>  > home tonight I was mulling over the whole idea of using ethanol as a
>  > fuel for my 2.3 liter Ford Ranger.  The problem with distillation, aside
>  > from legality issues, stems from the energy required to adequately
>  > separate ethanol from water.  So I did a little bit of math in my head:
>  >
>  > My truck uses 1 liter of gasoline for roughly every 10 kilometers of
>  > travel.  That's a little more than 3 kw of energy--most of which (at
>  > least 50%) ends up in either the coolant or the exhaust.  For every 10
>  > kilometers I drive, I have at least 1 500 watts of "throw away" energy
>  > available in the form of heat.
>  >
>  > Let's pretend for a moment that I have a tank of fermented "beer"
>  > and a tank of water onboard.  The water will be pumped to the front of
>  > my truck and run through a transmission cooler to lower its
>  > temperature.  The "beer", on the other hand, gets pumped through a heat
>  > exchanger connected to the hottest part of my truck's radiator.  (If I
>  > need more heat, I can use the exhaust header.)
>  >
>  > By designing a "zig zag", or coiled stripping column (using the
>  > cooled water to regulate temperature), I could separate the ethanol and
>  > return the tailings to the "beer" tank.  (In fact, I COULD use my engine
>  > to drive a vacuum pump that would allow lower temperature operation
>  > too!)  The ethanol can run through another transmission cooler which
>  > acts as a condenser, and from there into the truck's main fuel tank.
>  >
>  > It's "distillation as you drive"!
>  >
>  > Perhaps I need some sleep right now. . .
>  >
>  > Has anyone experimented with ethanol using oversized injectors on a
>  > computer controlled multi port fuel injection engine?
>  >
>  > robert luis rabello
>  >
>  >
>  > Yahoo! Groups Sponsor
>  > ADVERTISEMENT
>  >
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>  > http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>  >
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>  >
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>  >
> 
> 
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> 
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> 
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> .


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Re: [biofuel] Bio fuel business-Tables

[Keith Addison]

Hi Hakan

>Hi Keith,
>
>Thank you for the help, it is very useful.

You're welcome.

>At 07:36 PM 12/6/2002 +0900, you wrote:
> >
> > >Possible bi-products:
> > >The same as for previous point. Veg. oil do opens up for a 
>larger number of
> > >replacement applications, among those are many in the lubrication field.
> >
> >The main by-product of each is stockfeed - DDG and seedcake, not much
> >to choose between them.
> >
> >Ethanol's use as an oxygenate additive to gasoline is comparable to
> >the use of B5 as a lubrication booster for ULSD.
> >
> >Lubricants made from vegoils are not for backyard operations - centralized.
> >
> >I think the major difference is perhaps the heating oil application,
> >and power generation.
> >
> >
> > >Energy for production:
> > >I read a lot and I seems that ethanol is the most energy 
>demanding process,
> > >oil pressing definitely is the least. Biodiesel as I understand the
> > >process, is much less energy demanding than alcohol. On producing raw
> > >material they are all similar, but distilling is a very energy demanding
> > >process.
> >
> >See above. See also Butterfield still references above.
> >Plant Performance Data
> >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/Butterfield/butterfield 
>1.html#perf
> >
>
>Any process that uses a change of state i.e. solid to liquid to gas, uses a
>lot of energy at boiling temperature. This even if you have a recuperating
>system. I also read the link,
>
>http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/ceic/library/admin/uploadedfiles/H 
>ow_Much_Energy_Does_it_Take_to_Make_a_Gallon_.html
>
>
>carefully and it says about Btu per gallon,
>
>Corn based, Industry average : net energy gain = (energy ethanol) 81,400 +
>(energy undefined co-products) 27,579 - (used energy) 81,090 = 30,589 (38%
>gain)
>
>Corn based, Industry best : net energy gain = (energy ethanol) 81,400 +
>(energy undefined co-products) 36,261 - (used energy) 57,504 = 62,857 (109%
>gain)
>
>Corn based, State of the Art Industry : net energy gain = (energy ethanol)
>81,400 + (energy undefined co-products) 36,261 - (used energy) 47,948 =
>62,857 (151% gain)
>
>Cellulose based,  Industry : net energy gain = (energy ethanol) 81,400 +
>(energy undefined co-products) 115,400 - (used energy) 76,093 = 122,407
>(162% gain)
>
>What are the co-products? Do they go in the tank? How do you use Gluten
>meal, Protein feed and Carbon dioxide in the tank?

Why would you need to? You can, if you like, feed it (with great gain 
on the original product) to livestock, one possible co-product being 
methane, which indeed you can put in the tank.

>Read for Biodiesel that for 1 unit energy used it goes 3.2 units in the tank.

"For every 1 BTU of liquid fuel used to produce ethanol, there is a 
6.34 BTU gain." ("The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: An Update", 
Shapouri and Duffield, 2002)

Biodiesel's co-products do not go in the tank. Some can be used for 
process heat, the others have other uses not related to energy.

There's not much to choose between the overall energy efficiency of 
biodiesel and of ethanol, IMO, even though distillation considered by 
itself may be more energy-intensive than transesterification.

>If you do not mind, I will keep my evaluation for this.

I don't think it's based on very much difference.

> >Sugar ethanol production tends to use the bagasse as an energy
> >source. I think there are many such possibilities. Also there's the
> >relative value of using non-mobile fuel to produce mobile fuel, which
> >puts a different sort of value on it. (Same with biodiesel perhaps.)
>
>Yes, bagasse can be used as heating source or as feedstock, this is the
>same as they do for fossil fuel. Since we have not done comparable
>evaluation for Biodiesel, the byproducts energy values are missing.  I
>suspect that this and the less use of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation,
>more manual labor etc. are the reasons why Ethanol from sugar cane are a
>definite positive energy producer in Brazil.

Ethanol is also a definite positive energy producer with corn in the 
US. Sugar doesn't necessarily use any less fossil-fuel inputs than 
corn does, or sugar beet - or at least not via industrialized 
production. They can all do very well or better without any of those 
inputs when grown sustainably. (Not just theory, according widespread 
practical results in the field.)

On the other hand, biodiesel co-products can also be used for process 
heat (including glycerine).

> > >Net energy gain:
> > >The fossil fuel processes are also very energy demanding and not very
> > >effective, but it is mostly conversion processes to marketable products.
> > >Some of the raw material for ethanol, do contain more or less veg oil. We
> > >can maybe add this aspect also, but as I see it, it becomes a part of raw
> > >material evaluation.
> >
> >It's hardly explored - as I keep saying, what about the oil in the
> >maize? And so on.
>
>See previous point.
>
>
> > >Cost to produce:
> > >See energy for production.

Re: [biofuel] Senior Research Project

[Craig Pech]

Jeff,

Looking at the waste stream in detail would be useful. Our sewage district
has been very leary about it and does not want us manufacturing BioD.

Craig
Green Bay, WI

- Original Message -
From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Saturday, December 07, 2002 8:08 AM
Subject: [biofuel] Senior Research Project


> Hello,
>I haven't submitted much to the list lately, but I would like any
> input you have on this subject:
>
> I'm preparing to do my senior research project/thesis in Chemistry
> this next semester (Spring 2003) and I have chosen to do it on
> biodiesel.  My plan is to try different methods to see what can
> improve the biodiesel cloud point by trying different alcohols (such
> as my chemistry professor suggested the use of 1-methoxy-2-propanol
> as a possibility for the alcohol since it has a higher oxygen
> content.)
>
> I plan to experiment with different ratios of ethanol and methanol,
> and maybe trying isopropanol or another branched alcohol.
>
> There are other plans such as your basic viscosity, calorimetry and
> instrumental analysis that I have available in the lab.  I have many
> options of where to go on this one, and will most likely narrow my
> options as the experiment goes along.
>
> Any suggestions would be appreciated.
>
> JEFF
>
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://archive.nnytech.net/
>
> Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
> To unsubscribe, send an email to:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
>
>



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Re: [biofuel] Re: Lubricants from Vegetable Oils

[Steve Spence]

see http://www.greenoil-online.com/hydraulc.html

Steve Spence
Subscribe to the Renewable Energy Newsletter
& Discussion Boards. Read about Sustainable Technology:
http://www.green-trust.org
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
- Original Message -
From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Saturday, December 07, 2002 7:44 AM
Subject: [biofuel] Re: Lubricants from Vegetable Oils


> In the forestry side of my work, I already insist on vegetable based
> chain lube, but wondered if anyone had any experience of veggie
> based hydraulic oils. If you have ever seen a hose come off on a
> forwarder you will know what a mess (and potentially criminal) it
> makes of the forest floor.
>
> H
>
> --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > Lubricants from Vegetable Oils
> > Vegetable oil-based lubricants are emerging as a high-performance
> > environmentally friendly alternative to the more commonly
> purchased
> > petroleum oil lubricants. Users choose vegetable oil-based
> lubricants
> > because they perform as well or better than petroleum oils, are
> > readily biodegradable and low in toxicity, and offer worker safety
> > advantages. The newly published, Lubricants from Vegetable Oil
> > provides an overview of the use of vegetable oil-based lubricants
> in
> > industrial and automotive applications, and identifies companies
> that
> > sell these products. Click here for ordering information
> > http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/html/puborder.html
>
>
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://archive.nnytech.net/
>
> Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
> To unsubscribe, send an email to:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
>
>
>


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[biofuel] Re: Lubricants from Vegetable Oils

[hcr_ii <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>]

In the forestry side of my work, I already insist on vegetable based 
chain lube, but wondered if anyone had any experience of veggie 
based hydraulic oils. If you have ever seen a hose come off on a 
forwarder you will know what a mess (and potentially criminal) it 
makes of the forest floor.

H

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Lubricants from Vegetable Oils
> Vegetable oil-based lubricants are emerging as a high-performance 
> environmentally friendly alternative to the more commonly 
purchased 
> petroleum oil lubricants. Users choose vegetable oil-based 
lubricants 
> because they perform as well or better than petroleum oils, are 
> readily biodegradable and low in toxicity, and offer worker safety 
> advantages. The newly published, Lubricants from Vegetable Oil 
> provides an overview of the use of vegetable oil-based lubricants 
in 
> industrial and automotive applications, and identifies companies 
that 
> sell these products. Click here for ordering information
> http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/html/puborder.html



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[biofuel] Senior Research Project

[jmwelter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>]

Hello,
   I haven't submitted much to the list lately, but I would like any 
input you have on this subject:

I'm preparing to do my senior research project/thesis in Chemistry 
this next semester (Spring 2003) and I have chosen to do it on 
biodiesel.  My plan is to try different methods to see what can 
improve the biodiesel cloud point by trying different alcohols (such 
as my chemistry professor suggested the use of 1-methoxy-2-propanol 
as a possibility for the alcohol since it has a higher oxygen 
content.)  

I plan to experiment with different ratios of ethanol and methanol, 
and maybe trying isopropanol or another branched alcohol.

There are other plans such as your basic viscosity, calorimetry and 
instrumental analysis that I have available in the lab.  I have many 
options of where to go on this one, and will most likely narrow my 
options as the experiment goes along.  

Any suggestions would be appreciated.

JEFF


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Re: [biofuel] A Really Dumb Idea

[Steve Spence]

as for distill as you drive, watch out for open container laws ;-)

Steve Spence
Subscribe to the Renewable Energy Newsletter
& Discussion Boards. Read about Sustainable Technology:
http://www.green-trust.org
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
- Original Message -
From: "robert luis rabello" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Friday, December 06, 2002 8:28 PM
Subject: Re: [biofuel] A Really Dumb Idea


>
>
> James Slayden wrote:
>
> > Robert,
> >
> > A good many of the Ford Rangers are already set up as FFV's, might want
to
> > check to see if you model is one.  Ususlly there is a little plack on
the
> > gate that has a highway and a greenleaf.  But I would check with a model
> > database online to verify for sure. If it is an FFV it will allow you to
> > run E-85, ie. 85% ethanol - 15% gas.  Then you could blend your own.
> >
> > James Slayden
> >
>
> No, mine isn't an FFV.  The turbo Mustang guys frequently use larger
> injectors and high output fuel pumps for more power on gasoline, and I
> understand that those items are essentially a "bolt on" for my Ranger.
> (Though I'd need 2 fuel pumps--one for gasoline, and the other for
ethanol.)
> Ethanol requires an injector orifice around 30% larger than gasoline, so
the
> bigger injectors should work.  Fuel shut off valves are commercially
> available, so I could switch between ethanol and gasoline from inside the
> vehicle, just as I used to do when running propane on a previous car.
>
> The trouble with E 85 is that the ethanol must be anhydrous.  I'd like
to
> try 100 proof ethanol with my high pressure injectors, but I'm not sure
the
> engine will run, and I worry about bending a connecting rod in a hydraulic
> condition where the water does not vaporize.  The last engine I built
suffered
> this fate after I checked my water injection and accidentally squirted a
bit
> of water into a cylinder.
>
> My wife has not let me hear the end of that one!
>
> So, I'm probably better off with the 160 proof variety.
>
> As far as the "distill while you drive" idea is concerned, I
calculated
> the output after a good night's sleep and it looks like my total commute
would
> yield about 1 liter of ethanol, or about 1 / 8 of what I'd need to get
back
> and forth from work!
>
> I guess that's why nobody is doing this. . .
>
> robert luis rabello
>
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
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> http://archive.nnytech.net/
>
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> To unsubscribe, send an email to:
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>
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>
>
>


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Re: [biofuel] Lubricants from Vegetable Oils

[MH]

> Lubricants from Vegetable Oils
> Vegetable oil-based lubricants are emerging as a high-performance
> environmentally friendly alternative to the more commonly purchased
> petroleum oil lubricants. Users choose vegetable oil-based lubricants
> because they perform as well or better than petroleum oils, are
> readily biodegradable and low in toxicity, and offer worker safety
> advantages. The newly published, Lubricants from Vegetable Oil
> provides an overview of the use of vegetable oil-based lubricants in
> industrial and automotive applications, and identifies companies that
> sell these products. Click here for ordering information
> http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/html/puborder.html


 Speaking of -- I normally use full synthetic 5W-30 oil
 in the crankcase per manufactures recommendation.  Was
 paying about $3.50 to $4.27 US per quart retail.  Recently
 noticed a price break decreasing cost to $2.99 per US quart
 retail when purchasing 5W-30 or 10W-30 weight full synthetic oil.

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[biofuel] Sorry, found the link, wish I could edit

[k5farms <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>]

http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2002/021202.htm



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Re: [biofuel] A Really Dumb Idea

[Keith Addison]

Hi Robert, James and all

>Has anyone experimented with ethanol using oversized injectors on a
>computer controlled multi port fuel injection engine?

Have you seen these?

How to modify an injection system: It's Toyota-specific, but applies 
to most electronic fuel injection systems.
http://www.geocities.com/MotorCity/Pit/9975/dataBySubject/EFImods.html

How To Modify Your Car To Run On Alcohol Fuel: "Guidelines for 
converting gasoline engines (With Specific Instructions for 
Air-Cooled Volkswagens)" by Roger Lippman, April 1982 -- Five-chapter 
online book:
http://terrasol.home.igc.org/alky/alky.htm

How To Adapt Your Automobile Engine For Ethyl Alcohol Use -- Mother 
Earth Alcohol Fuel Manual. Biofuels Library
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethanol_motherearth/me2.html

More info in Mother Earth Alcohol Fuel and The Manual for the Home 
and Farm Production of Alcohol Fuel in the Biofuels Library
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library.html

>James Slayden wrote:
>
> > Robert,
> >
> > A good many of the Ford Rangers are already set up as FFV's, might want to
> > check to see if you model is one.  Ususlly there is a little plack on the
> > gate that has a highway and a greenleaf.  But I would check with a model
> > database online to verify for sure. If it is an FFV it will allow you to
> > run E-85, ie. 85% ethanol - 15% gas.  Then you could blend your own.
> >
> > James Slayden
> >
>
>No, mine isn't an FFV.  The turbo Mustang guys frequently use larger
>injectors and high output fuel pumps for more power on gasoline, and I
>understand that those items are essentially a "bolt on" for my Ranger.
>(Though I'd need 2 fuel pumps--one for gasoline, and the other for ethanol.)
>Ethanol requires an injector orifice around 30% larger than gasoline, so the
>bigger injectors should work.  Fuel shut off valves are commercially
>available, so I could switch between ethanol and gasoline from inside the
>vehicle, just as I used to do when running propane on a previous car.
>
>The trouble with E 85 is that the ethanol must be anhydrous.  I'd like to
>try 100 proof ethanol with my high pressure injectors, but I'm not sure the
>engine will run, and I worry about bending a connecting rod in a hydraulic
>condition where the water does not vaporize.  The last engine I built suffered
>this fate after I checked my water injection and accidentally squirted a bit
>of water into a cylinder.
>
>My wife has not let me hear the end of that one!
>
>So, I'm probably better off with the 160 proof variety.
>
>As far as the "distill while you drive" idea is concerned, I calculated
>the output after a good night's sleep and it looks like my total commute would
>yield about 1 liter of ethanol, or about 1 / 8 of what I'd need to get back
>and forth from work!
>
>I guess that's why nobody is doing this. . .

Well, that's a 12.5% improvement in something or other, though I 
can't quite see what exactly. Less energy waste anyway, and less 
energy used in distilling, should be worth trying. It's an elegant 
thought.

regards

Keith

>robert luis rabello


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[biofuel] Casual Observations

[k5farms <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>]

"We added more free fatty acids to the oil and then added the
caustic," explains Wan. Though the method doesn't seem logical,  
it worked. The oil was lighter in color than before, and all its 
existing free fatty acids as well as those that Wan had supplied 
were essentially removed.

Can't copy the specific link but go to:
http://www.agribiz.com/INTEGRO/Bionews/
and select the link /From Oil Refinement to Baby Formula/

They didn't happen to say anything about ratios/amounts!
But something to think about, eh?


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[biofuel] OT: San Diego Mexican Fruit Fly Quarantine Situation

[murdoch]

http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/northcounty/20021205-_1mc5spin.html

VALLEY CENTER ö Organic growers inside the expected quarantine area
here will be able to fight the Mexican fruit fly with a new variety of
a special insecticide, state officials said yesterday. 

The news was great relief to organic farmers who didn't know how they
would be able to keep their certified-organic status while battling
the destructive fly. 

"There's been this fear out there that was not going to happen, but
that is really good news," said Jerome Stehly, chairman of the
California Avocado Commission who owns a grove where the flies and
larvae were found. 

"There's a lot of growers in Valley Center who are organic," said
Stehly, who also owns 10 acres of organically grown avocados near
Interstate 15. "It gives them an option so they can take their fruit
to market." 

http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/northcounty/20021206-_1mi6mexfly.html

http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/uniontrib/sun/metro/news_1mi1fly.html

Organic growers are allowed to use a pesticide called spinosad, but it
currently is unavailable because of an oversight by state officials
who did not renew its annual registration.

"That was criminally negligent," Al Stehly said. "Now we have one
choice and that's malathion."




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[biofuels-biz] OT: San Diego Mexican Fruit Fly Quarantine Situation

[murdoch]

http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/northcounty/20021205-_1mc5spin.html

VALLEY CENTER ö Organic growers inside the expected quarantine area
here will be able to fight the Mexican fruit fly with a new variety of
a special insecticide, state officials said yesterday. 

The news was great relief to organic farmers who didn't know how they
would be able to keep their certified-organic status while battling
the destructive fly. 

"There's been this fear out there that was not going to happen, but
that is really good news," said Jerome Stehly, chairman of the
California Avocado Commission who owns a grove where the flies and
larvae were found. 

"There's a lot of growers in Valley Center who are organic," said
Stehly, who also owns 10 acres of organically grown avocados near
Interstate 15. "It gives them an option so they can take their fruit
to market." 

http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/northcounty/20021206-_1mi6mexfly.html

http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/uniontrib/sun/metro/news_1mi1fly.html

Organic growers are allowed to use a pesticide called spinosad, but it
currently is unavailable because of an oversight by state officials
who did not renew its annual registration.

"That was criminally negligent," Al Stehly said. "Now we have one
choice and that's malathion."




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Re: [biofuel] Re: Small-scale ethanol - Bio fuel business-Tables

[Hakan Falk]

Keith,

Looks like an initiative to support small scale ethanol, but also works 
fine for bigger ethanol. Using those programs for combined 
biodiesel/SVO/Ethanol makes sense. Can provide cash for the business. The 
question is how to build a core business that survives when the programs 
stop. I think that the investments in ethanol production equipment must 
have demands on a fast write down periods. A philosophy and risk management 
that US companies always use for investments in politically instable 
countries and sometimes overvalue to get financial benefits at home and in 
the countries. Many times this is rip offs in developing economies.

Hakan

At 03:57 PM 12/7/2002 +0900, you wrote:
>They can be much smaller and more localized than this - Butterfield's
>on-farm set-up makes 70,000 to 75,000 gallons a year.
>
>
>Ethanol Plants vs. Oil Refineries: Security in Numbers
>
>As ethanol's market potential expands because more and more states
>formally implement bans on the fuel additive MTBE, more and more
>ethanol production facilities are being built. What's interesting
>about this economic development story is the fact that when you
>compare ethanol plants and gasoline refineries on a per gallon basis
>you begin to see what a dispersed energy production system looks
>like. Smaller, more numerous plants that are more rooted in the
>communities in which they're located and provide a larger geographic
>area with economic benefits. According to BBI International, as of
>September 2002, the U.S. had 67 ethanol plants that had annual
>production of 2.6 billion gallons per year (an average of 38.8
>million gallons per plant). On the other side of the equation are
>about 145 oil refineries that produce 130 billion gallons of gasoline
>(an average of 800 million gallons per facility).
>
>Having most of our petroleum eggs in a limited number of baskets seem
>to present significant risks to our nation's energy security. Ethanol
>and other renewable fuels offer a significant advantage and value
>over fossil fuels because most plants are smaller and they are widely
>dispersed.
>
>More: Models of State Ethanol Programs
>
>http://www.newrules.org/de/1002de.html
>New Rules Project - Bulletins - Democratic Energy October 2002
>
>Small-Scale Ethanol Production
>
>Models of State Ethanol Programs
>
>The conversion of biomass into ethanol provides farmers an additional
>market for their crops. Over the years, many federal and state rules
>have been developed to promote ethanol production for use in industry
>and reformulated gasoline. While this page does not include an
>exhaustive list of ethanol incentives, the rules on this page are
>unique in that they encourage ethanol production on a small scale. A
>decentralized, rural ethanol industry tends to favor a greater number
>of farmers over a wider area. Production credits for smaller ethanol
>facilities also promotes the formation of farmer-owned ethanol
>cooperatives that further increase returns to farmers.
>
>RULES
>
>* Hawaii Ethanol Investment Tax Credits
>In early 2000, legislation passed in Hawaii to provide tax credits
>for the production of ethanol in the state. The new law will help
>sugar growers on Kauai and Maui by offering incentives to use
>molasses and other wastes as the feedstock for ethanol. Supporters
>also hope the possibility of using municipal solid waste as a
>feedstock will cut down on the amount of waste being landfilled.
>More...
>* Minnesota Ethanol Program - A Model
>To meet its goal of replacing 10 percent of its fuel needs with
>ethanol, in the late 1980s Minnesota instituted a producer payment
>program of 20¢/gallon on up to 15 million gallons of ethanol per year
>for a maximum of 10 years. The payment is limited to in-state
>producers, and the small scale requirement has resulted in the
>formation of more than a dozen farmer-owned ethanol processing
>cooperatives. More...
>* Wisconsin Ethanol Program
>Wisconsin's Act 55 provides ethanol producers a credit much like
>Minnesota's - beginning July 1, 2000 it will provide 20 cents per
>gallon for no more than 15 million gallons of production. The
>feedstock must come from a "local" source, definition to be
>determined. More...
>
>The New Rules Project
>http://www.newrules.org/
>
>http://www.newrules.org/agri/smalleth.html
>
>Best
>
>Keith
>
>
>
> >Hi Hakan
> >
> >>It is difficult to make tables in mail, if you cannot use html.
> >>Therefore I also did the tables at the end of,
> >>
> >>http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml
> >>
> >>Hakan
> >
> >Difficult too to discuss them by email, for the same reason, so I
> >copied your tables and did an alternative version for comparison,
> >here:
> >http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_compare.html
> >
> >Best
> >
> >Keith
> >
> >
> >>At 04:08 PM 12/4/2002 +0100, Hakan Falk wrote:
> >>
> >> >Keith,
> >> >
> >> >Original draft for article at
> >> >http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml
> >> >
> >> >You just posted several press r

Re: [biofuel] Lubricants from Vegetable Oils

[Hakan Falk]

Hi Keith,

How do you find all of this valuable things? This link is great for my 
fictive biodiesel/SVO business. The link is a part of the same organization 
who run the http://newrules.org/ that you pointed us to before. A gold mine 
for my business ideas!

I noted down some ideas about products for sensitive environments already. 
Products that would make sense on going bio with, because of the spill in 
the environment, like.
Products and fuel in agriculture,
Products in forest applications,
Products in maritime applications,
Gasoline/Veg oil  and ethanol/SVO mix for two stroke engines.

Hakan


At 03:57 PM 12/7/2002 +0900, you wrote:
>Lubricants from Vegetable Oils
>Vegetable oil-based lubricants are emerging as a high-performance
>environmentally friendly alternative to the more commonly purchased
>petroleum oil lubricants. Users choose vegetable oil-based lubricants
>because they perform as well or better than petroleum oils, are
>readily biodegradable and low in toxicity, and offer worker safety
>advantages. The newly published, Lubricants from Vegetable Oil
>provides an overview of the use of vegetable oil-based lubricants in
>industrial and automotive applications, and identifies companies that
>sell these products. Click here for ordering information
>http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/html/puborder.html
>



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Re: [biofuel] Bio fuel business-Tables

[Hakan Falk]

Hi James,

Very good, a lot in a short message. This idea about biofuel business start 
to be more work than I originally thought. Taking the idea of a business, 
does put some real sustainable demands on the thoughts. Every time I get a 
few moments to think about it, several new ideas pops up in my mind, nearly 
as frequent as the irritating pop-up ads on Internet.

1. Crops and trees give some burnable residues for BD also.
2. Good point about WVO, so a sustainable BD business need to be based on SVO.
3. I see more and more recycling plants for WVO to BD. Large Spanish 
interests are putting up 4 of them and are starting to pay for WVO. This 
supports your thoughts.
4. "Social acceptance" is a good one and touch very much the table 
(presentation) "big vs. small" that I still thinking about. How do you 
present and evaluate this kind of things.

Hakan

At 08:36 PM 12/6/2002 -0800, you wrote:
>Hi Hakan,
>
>The net energy in Cellulose based ethanol might be higher if the lingin is
>burned for processing.  Since there is issues burning the Glyc from BD it
>wouldn't add to the BD net energy.
>
>The window of opportunity is really dependent on feedstock availability
>which really isn't decreasing.  It might be that with WVO as the feedstock
>a baseline commodity pricing structure will occur, but again as Keith just
>posted again that the average collection of WVO runs around 10% there is a
>good lead in period before pricing structures begin (in general).
>
>With Ethanol, the perception barrier to opposition and acceptance is the
>utilization of Cellulostic feedstock vs. food crop feedstock.  Not that in
>the real world this is an issue, just a hyped perception issue by the
>media. As we well know that most of the grains in this counrty go to
>animal feed anyway.  But acceptance will be based on this false
>assumption.
>
>Looking at the table, you might want to put a catagory like "Socitial
>Acceptance" to define some possible inhibitors.
>
>James Slayden
>
>On Sat, 7 Dec 2002, Hakan Falk wrote:
>
> >
> > Hi Keith,
> >
> > Thank you for the help, it is very useful.
> >
> > At 07:36 PM 12/6/2002 +0900, you wrote:
> > >
> > > >Possible bi-products:
> > > >The same as for previous point. Veg. oil do opens up for a larger
> > number of
> > > >replacement applications, among those are many in the lubrication
> > field.
> > >
> > >The main by-product of each is stockfeed - DDG and seedcake, not much
> > >to choose between them.
> > >
> > >Ethanol's use as an oxygenate additive to gasoline is comparable to
> > >the use of B5 as a lubrication booster for ULSD.
> > >
> > >Lubricants made from vegoils are not for backyard operations -
> > centralized.
> > >
> > >I think the major difference is perhaps the heating oil application,
> > >and power generation.
> > >
> > >
> > > >Energy for production:
> > > >I read a lot and I seems that ethanol is the most energy demanding
> > process,
> > > >oil pressing definitely is the least. Biodiesel as I understand the
> > > >process, is much less energy demanding than alcohol. On producing raw
> > > >material they are all similar, but distilling is a very energy
> > demanding
> > > >process.
> > >
> > >See above. See also Butterfield still references above.
> > >Plant Performance Data
> > >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/Butterfield/butterfield1.ht 
> ml#perf
> > >
> >
> > Any process that uses a change of state i.e. solid to liquid to gas, uses
> > a
> > lot of energy at boiling temperature. This even if you have a
> > recuperating
> > system. I also read the link,
> >
> > 
> http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/ceic/library/admin/uploadedfiles/How_Much_En
> > rgy_Does_it_Take_to_Make_a_Gallon_.html
> >
> >
> > carefully and it says about Btu per gallon,
> >
> > Corn based, Industry average : net energy gain = (energy ethanol) 81,400
> > +
> > (energy undefined co-products) 27,579 - (used energy) 81,090 = 30,589
> > (38%
> > gain)
> >
> > Corn based, Industry best : net energy gain = (energy ethanol) 81,400 +
> > (energy undefined co-products) 36,261 - (used energy) 57,504 = 62,857
> > (109%
> > gain)
> >
> > Corn based, State of the Art Industry : net energy gain = (energy
> > ethanol)
> > 81,400 + (energy undefined co-products) 36,261 - (used energy) 47,948 =
> > 62,857 (151% gain)
> >
> > Cellulose based,  Industry : net energy gain = (energy ethanol) 81,400 +
> > (energy undefined co-products) 115,400 - (used energy) 76,093 = 122,407
> > (162% gain)
> >
> > What are the co-products? Do they go in the tank? How do you use Gluten
> > meal, Protein feed and Carbon dioxide in the tank?
> >
> > Read for Biodiesel that for 1 unit energy used it goes 3.2 units in the
> > tank.
> >
> > If you do not mind, I will keep my evaluation for this.
> >
> >
> >
> > >Sugar ethanol production tends to use the bagasse as an energy
> > >source. I think there are many such possibilities. Also there's the
> > >relative value of using non-mobile fuel to produce mobile fuel, which
> > >p

[biofuels-biz] Be Your Own Power Company

[Keith Addison]

Full text online

http://www.newrules.org/resources/bepowercompany.html

Be Your Own Power Company

by David Morris

Rodale Press, 1982. Copyright Institute for Local Self-Reliance.

319 pages

Contents

Introduction (308K .pdf)

Chapter I: The Electric Revolution (1.4 MB .pdf)
Edison and the Rise of the Modern Utility
The New Deal Electrifies the Nation
The Pendulum Swings Back: Decentralized Power

Chapter II: How the Electric System Works (1.4 MB .pdf)
The Modern Steam Plant
Case Study: Boston Edison
System Reliability
Utility Planning

Chapter III: PURPA (2.3 MB .pdf)
Qualifying for PURPA
Utility Avoided Costs Data
Purchase Prices and Avoided Costs: A Brief History
Avoided Capacity Costs
As Available Capacity Credits
Excess Capacity
When Utility Purchases Are Not Required
All-Requirements Utilities and Wheeling
Wheeling

Chapter IV: Interconnecting with the Grid (1 MB .pdf)
Protecting the Worker, the Customer and the Network
Generators, Inverters, Self-Excitation and Power Factors

Chapter V: Getting the Best Deal (1.3 MB .pdf)
The Regulatory Process
The Negotiation Process
Force Majeure and Interruption of Power
Paying Interconnection Costs

Chapter VI: Electric Generation Technologies (1.8 MB .pdf)
Wind Power
Hydropower
Photovoltaics
Cogeneration

Chapter VII: Economics (1 MB .pdf)
A Simplified Guide to Energy Economics
Opportunity Costs
Case Study: Wind Power
Hydropower
Cogenerators
Photovoltaics

Appendix 1: PURPA Sections 201 and 210 (230K .pdf)

Appendix 2: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulations 
Implementing PURPA Sections 201 and 210 (699K .pdf)

Appendix 3: Electricity Generated by Oil (38K .pdf)

Appendix 4: Twenty-five Most Expensive and Twenty Five Least 
Expensive Service Territories (56K .pdf)

Appendix 5: Cost-of-Service Data for Selected Utilities (67K .pdf)

Appendix 6: Source List: Equipment and Publications (178K .pdf)

Appendix 7: States' Cogeneration Rate-Setting under PURPA (249K .pdf)

Notes (152K .pdf)

Bibliography (111 K .pdf)


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Re: [biofuel] Forests (Long)

[Keith Addison]

Greg wrote:

>- Original Message -
>From: "Keith Addison" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>To: 
>Sent: Thursday, December 05, 2002 19:21
>Subject: Re: [biofuel] Forests (Long)
>
> >
> > "Near hurt"?
> >
>
>As in they had a close miss from a broken sawblade and are lucky they were
>not hurt.
>
> > There have been casualties on both sides when the situation becomes
> > extreme. Rather a lot of the outright cheating by the big companies,
> > often covered by the bureaucracies, can be classifiied as extreme. I
> > don't hold with spiking trees, but I don't hold with clear-cutting
> > old-growth forests either. It's a bit rich to say equipment has been
> > "vandalized" when it's been done to stop that equipment being used to
> > vandalize old forests.
>
>What about firebombing a resort that is under construction? Homes that have
>been built? These things don't have anything to do with "old forest",

No? We'd have to know something about the background of these cases 
before proposing them as general and typical behaviour rather than 
exceptional extremes. "Unoccupied private property" - maybe what the 
developers said about the forests? Rightly or wrongly? Case by case.

>yet it
>is done just the same as the vandalizeing the logging equipment.

I think sabotage would be a better word than vandalize. No matter how 
wrongheaded it might be it's not sheer wanton destruction, it's not 
mindless, it has a clear purpose. But again, these are exceptional 
extremes, we are talking about painting environmentalists as 
destructive villains *as a general rule* - more destructive than the 
big logging companies or the bureaucrats (more often *and* the 
bureaucrats).

So are you saying that these examples are typical of what most 
environmentalists and environmental groups do most of the time? That 
that's how they generally behave, as a matter of course?

On the other hand, my examples of big logging companies cheating on 
their promises, destroying precious resources for profit and trying 
to cover it all up with a bit of greenwash are rather too typical, it 
does qualify as general behaviour, and the bureaucrats willingly 
assist. (See my next comment, for instance.)

> > "He hit me in the fist with his jaw, your
> > honor."
> >
>I think that is a rather poor analigy. A closer one might be " He attacked
>me when I hit his friend your honor " At which point the judge would tell
>the other guy he should have called the police and let the courts take care
>of it, as it is he is in trouble to.

Maybe, though it's not a poor analogy. When it goes to the courts 
instead, to the appeals, the FS "is itself the judge of such 
challenges - often concluding that timber sales it has already 
approved are illegal or otherwise flawed". Contrary to allegation.

> > They're talking about total clear-cutting and commercial logging
> > disguised as fire-control.
> >
>Ok, what about salvage after the fire when there is a lot of dead / dying
>trees around? Shouldn't they be removed so that they do not contribute to
>the next fire? They are to dangrous just to leave as is, even with out the
>threat of fire, dead trees that are still standing are not called "widdow
>makers" for no reasion. Salvaged they can help pay for fighting the fire and
>it clean up, for that matter why should I not pay say $50.00 so I can cut
>some up for fire wood to help heat my house this year, instead of  $200.00
>to have a cord of wood delivered?
>
>This is part of what I'm talking about:
>http://www.kktv.com/home/headlines/168102.html

So? What's the problem? Nobody's stopping them doing that.

> > >I did, I did a cut and paste to google "Interfor and Boise Cascade", I
>came
> > >up with 4 responses, and each of them had to deal with envirogroup(s)
>trying
> > >to run possible liable ad(s) in newspapers, and getting turned down.
> >
> > They're two very large but *separate* companies. A Google search for
> > Boise Cascade gets about 95,100 hits, for Interfor, or International
> > Forest Products, 7,360.
> >
> > Or try this, better:
> > Forest Conservation Portal
> > http://www.forests.org/search/
> >
>If you don't mind, I take your word about Interfor and Boise Cascade for
>now, between watching the kids, job hunting and physical theraopy, I don't
>have time to look up a 100,000+ links.

None of us has much time to spare. But since you're interested in 
forestry and yet you know nothing of these two very big and voracious 
US logging companies, not even that they were different companies 
(yet you probably buy or use many of their products), it might be 
worthwhile to take a bit of time and trouble to find out more about 
them and what they do.

> > >It seams that the report even says that there is some on going stuff
> > >(appeals). I
> > >would like to see the reason for the discreprency between the GAO and the
> > >Forest Service reports, before I make any final decision.
> >
> > It's given in the report I copied the first time, it puts both sides
> > of the case:

[biofuel] Pallet Repair & Reuse

[Keith Addison]

Sustaining Businesses & Jobs through Pallet Repair & Reuse
by Brenda Platt and Jennifer Hyde
1997, 28 pages -
$15.00
ISBN 0-917582-94-2, LC 97-1335
While pallet repair businesses are becoming more common, many pallets 
are still discarded without repair or salvage. This report lists 31 
pallet reuse businesses interested in expanding, and documents jobs 
through pallet recovery. Profiles of five enterprises detail sources 
of pallets, repair equipment and process, and more. An appendix lists 
193 pallet recovery facilities.

View Introduction
http://www.ilsr.org/recycling/palletreport.pdf

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[biofuel] Lubricants from Vegetable Oils

[Keith Addison]

Lubricants from Vegetable Oils
Vegetable oil-based lubricants are emerging as a high-performance 
environmentally friendly alternative to the more commonly purchased 
petroleum oil lubricants. Users choose vegetable oil-based lubricants 
because they perform as well or better than petroleum oils, are 
readily biodegradable and low in toxicity, and offer worker safety 
advantages. The newly published, Lubricants from Vegetable Oil 
provides an overview of the use of vegetable oil-based lubricants in 
industrial and automotive applications, and identifies companies that 
sell these products. Click here for ordering information
http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/html/puborder.html

Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html

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[biofuels-biz] Re: Small-scale ethanol - Bio fuel business-Tables

[Keith Addison]

They can be much smaller and more localized than this - Butterfield's 
on-farm set-up makes 70,000 to 75,000 gallons a year.


Ethanol Plants vs. Oil Refineries: Security in Numbers

As ethanol's market potential expands because more and more states 
formally implement bans on the fuel additive MTBE, more and more 
ethanol production facilities are being built. What's interesting 
about this economic development story is the fact that when you 
compare ethanol plants and gasoline refineries on a per gallon basis 
you begin to see what a dispersed energy production system looks 
like. Smaller, more numerous plants that are more rooted in the 
communities in which they're located and provide a larger geographic 
area with economic benefits. According to BBI International, as of 
September 2002, the U.S. had 67 ethanol plants that had annual 
production of 2.6 billion gallons per year (an average of 38.8 
million gallons per plant). On the other side of the equation are 
about 145 oil refineries that produce 130 billion gallons of gasoline 
(an average of 800 million gallons per facility).

Having most of our petroleum eggs in a limited number of baskets seem 
to present significant risks to our nation's energy security. Ethanol 
and other renewable fuels offer a significant advantage and value 
over fossil fuels because most plants are smaller and they are widely 
dispersed.

More: Models of State Ethanol Programs

http://www.newrules.org/de/1002de.html
New Rules Project - Bulletins - Democratic Energy October 2002

Small-Scale Ethanol Production

Models of State Ethanol Programs

The conversion of biomass into ethanol provides farmers an additional 
market for their crops. Over the years, many federal and state rules 
have been developed to promote ethanol production for use in industry 
and reformulated gasoline. While this page does not include an 
exhaustive list of ethanol incentives, the rules on this page are 
unique in that they encourage ethanol production on a small scale. A 
decentralized, rural ethanol industry tends to favor a greater number 
of farmers over a wider area. Production credits for smaller ethanol 
facilities also promotes the formation of farmer-owned ethanol 
cooperatives that further increase returns to farmers.

RULES

* Hawaii Ethanol Investment Tax Credits
In early 2000, legislation passed in Hawaii to provide tax credits 
for the production of ethanol in the state. The new law will help 
sugar growers on Kauai and Maui by offering incentives to use 
molasses and other wastes as the feedstock for ethanol. Supporters 
also hope the possibility of using municipal solid waste as a 
feedstock will cut down on the amount of waste being landfilled. 
More...
* Minnesota Ethanol Program - A Model
To meet its goal of replacing 10 percent of its fuel needs with 
ethanol, in the late 1980s Minnesota instituted a producer payment 
program of 20¢/gallon on up to 15 million gallons of ethanol per year 
for a maximum of 10 years. The payment is limited to in-state 
producers, and the small scale requirement has resulted in the 
formation of more than a dozen farmer-owned ethanol processing 
cooperatives. More...
* Wisconsin Ethanol Program
Wisconsin's Act 55 provides ethanol producers a credit much like 
Minnesota's - beginning July 1, 2000 it will provide 20 cents per 
gallon for no more than 15 million gallons of production. The 
feedstock must come from a "local" source, definition to be 
determined. More...

The New Rules Project
http://www.newrules.org/

http://www.newrules.org/agri/smalleth.html

Best

Keith



>Hi Hakan
>
>>It is difficult to make tables in mail, if you cannot use html.
>>Therefore I also did the tables at the end of,
>>
>>http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml
>>
>>Hakan
>
>Difficult too to discuss them by email, for the same reason, so I 
>copied your tables and did an alternative version for comparison, 
>here:
>http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_compare.html
>
>Best
>
>Keith
>
>
>>At 04:08 PM 12/4/2002 +0100, Hakan Falk wrote:
>>
>> >Keith,
>> >
>> >Original draft for article at
>> >http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml
>> >
>> >You just posted several press releases from oil companies and these are
>> >quite telling. They touch very much the subject of my article. The
>> >situation in Poland and the "moonshine" argument, show the relevance of
>> >this discussion. David have already started to think about it and I hope
>> >that we get more valuable views.
>> >
>> >To add to the discussion about centralization versus decentralization risk
>> >for Ethanol and biodiesel/SVO, I have done the following tables. I is a
>> >topic for discussion and I am not claiming that I got it right on the first
>> >time or on my own.
>> >
>> >The following table is a first attempt to map technical feasibility of
>> >fossil to bio fuel replacement.


Biofuels at Journey to Forever
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
Biofuel at WebConX
http://webconx.green-

[biofuels-biz] Lubricants from Vegetable Oils

[Keith Addison]

Lubricants from Vegetable Oils
Vegetable oil-based lubricants are emerging as a high-performance 
environmentally friendly alternative to the more commonly purchased 
petroleum oil lubricants. Users choose vegetable oil-based lubricants 
because they perform as well or better than petroleum oils, are 
readily biodegradable and low in toxicity, and offer worker safety 
advantages. The newly published, Lubricants from Vegetable Oil 
provides an overview of the use of vegetable oil-based lubricants in 
industrial and automotive applications, and identifies companies that 
sell these products. Click here for ordering information
http://www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/html/puborder.html

Biofuels at Journey to Forever
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
Biofuel at WebConX
http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm
List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech:
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[biofuel] Be Your Own Power Company

[Keith Addison]

Full text online

http://www.newrules.org/resources/bepowercompany.html

Be Your Own Power Company

by David Morris

Rodale Press, 1982. Copyright Institute for Local Self-Reliance.

319 pages

Contents

Introduction (308K .pdf)

Chapter I: The Electric Revolution (1.4 MB .pdf)
Edison and the Rise of the Modern Utility
The New Deal Electrifies the Nation
The Pendulum Swings Back: Decentralized Power

Chapter II: How the Electric System Works (1.4 MB .pdf)
The Modern Steam Plant
Case Study: Boston Edison
System Reliability
Utility Planning

Chapter III: PURPA (2.3 MB .pdf)
Qualifying for PURPA
Utility Avoided Costs Data
Purchase Prices and Avoided Costs: A Brief History
Avoided Capacity Costs
As Available Capacity Credits
Excess Capacity
When Utility Purchases Are Not Required
All-Requirements Utilities and Wheeling
Wheeling

Chapter IV: Interconnecting with the Grid (1 MB .pdf)
Protecting the Worker, the Customer and the Network
Generators, Inverters, Self-Excitation and Power Factors

Chapter V: Getting the Best Deal (1.3 MB .pdf)
The Regulatory Process
The Negotiation Process
Force Majeure and Interruption of Power
Paying Interconnection Costs

Chapter VI: Electric Generation Technologies (1.8 MB .pdf)
Wind Power
Hydropower
Photovoltaics
Cogeneration

Chapter VII: Economics (1 MB .pdf)
A Simplified Guide to Energy Economics
Opportunity Costs
Case Study: Wind Power
Hydropower
Cogenerators
Photovoltaics

Appendix 1: PURPA Sections 201 and 210 (230K .pdf)

Appendix 2: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulations 
Implementing PURPA Sections 201 and 210 (699K .pdf)

Appendix 3: Electricity Generated by Oil (38K .pdf)

Appendix 4: Twenty-five Most Expensive and Twenty Five Least 
Expensive Service Territories (56K .pdf)

Appendix 5: Cost-of-Service Data for Selected Utilities (67K .pdf)

Appendix 6: Source List: Equipment and Publications (178K .pdf)

Appendix 7: States' Cogeneration Rate-Setting under PURPA (249K .pdf)

Notes (152K .pdf)

Bibliography (111 K .pdf)


Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html

Biofuels list archives:
http://archive.nnytech.net/

Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
To unsubscribe, send an email to:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] 

Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ 

[biofuel] Re: Small-scale ethanol - Bio fuel business-Tables

[Keith Addison]

They can be much smaller and more localized than this - Butterfield's 
on-farm set-up makes 70,000 to 75,000 gallons a year.


Ethanol Plants vs. Oil Refineries: Security in Numbers

As ethanol's market potential expands because more and more states 
formally implement bans on the fuel additive MTBE, more and more 
ethanol production facilities are being built. What's interesting 
about this economic development story is the fact that when you 
compare ethanol plants and gasoline refineries on a per gallon basis 
you begin to see what a dispersed energy production system looks 
like. Smaller, more numerous plants that are more rooted in the 
communities in which they're located and provide a larger geographic 
area with economic benefits. According to BBI International, as of 
September 2002, the U.S. had 67 ethanol plants that had annual 
production of 2.6 billion gallons per year (an average of 38.8 
million gallons per plant). On the other side of the equation are 
about 145 oil refineries that produce 130 billion gallons of gasoline 
(an average of 800 million gallons per facility).

Having most of our petroleum eggs in a limited number of baskets seem 
to present significant risks to our nation's energy security. Ethanol 
and other renewable fuels offer a significant advantage and value 
over fossil fuels because most plants are smaller and they are widely 
dispersed.

More: Models of State Ethanol Programs

http://www.newrules.org/de/1002de.html
New Rules Project - Bulletins - Democratic Energy October 2002

Small-Scale Ethanol Production

Models of State Ethanol Programs

The conversion of biomass into ethanol provides farmers an additional 
market for their crops. Over the years, many federal and state rules 
have been developed to promote ethanol production for use in industry 
and reformulated gasoline. While this page does not include an 
exhaustive list of ethanol incentives, the rules on this page are 
unique in that they encourage ethanol production on a small scale. A 
decentralized, rural ethanol industry tends to favor a greater number 
of farmers over a wider area. Production credits for smaller ethanol 
facilities also promotes the formation of farmer-owned ethanol 
cooperatives that further increase returns to farmers.

RULES

* Hawaii Ethanol Investment Tax Credits
In early 2000, legislation passed in Hawaii to provide tax credits 
for the production of ethanol in the state. The new law will help 
sugar growers on Kauai and Maui by offering incentives to use 
molasses and other wastes as the feedstock for ethanol. Supporters 
also hope the possibility of using municipal solid waste as a 
feedstock will cut down on the amount of waste being landfilled. 
More...
* Minnesota Ethanol Program - A Model
To meet its goal of replacing 10 percent of its fuel needs with 
ethanol, in the late 1980s Minnesota instituted a producer payment 
program of 20¢/gallon on up to 15 million gallons of ethanol per year 
for a maximum of 10 years. The payment is limited to in-state 
producers, and the small scale requirement has resulted in the 
formation of more than a dozen farmer-owned ethanol processing 
cooperatives. More...
* Wisconsin Ethanol Program
Wisconsin's Act 55 provides ethanol producers a credit much like 
Minnesota's - beginning July 1, 2000 it will provide 20 cents per 
gallon for no more than 15 million gallons of production. The 
feedstock must come from a "local" source, definition to be 
determined. More...

The New Rules Project
http://www.newrules.org/

http://www.newrules.org/agri/smalleth.html

Best

Keith



>Hi Hakan
>
>>It is difficult to make tables in mail, if you cannot use html.
>>Therefore I also did the tables at the end of,
>>
>>http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml
>>
>>Hakan
>
>Difficult too to discuss them by email, for the same reason, so I 
>copied your tables and did an alternative version for comparison, 
>here:
>http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_compare.html
>
>Best
>
>Keith
>
>
>>At 04:08 PM 12/4/2002 +0100, Hakan Falk wrote:
>>
>> >Keith,
>> >
>> >Original draft for article at
>> >http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml
>> >
>> >You just posted several press releases from oil companies and these are
>> >quite telling. They touch very much the subject of my article. The
>> >situation in Poland and the "moonshine" argument, show the relevance of
>> >this discussion. David have already started to think about it and I hope
>> >that we get more valuable views.
>> >
>> >To add to the discussion about centralization versus decentralization risk
>> >for Ethanol and biodiesel/SVO, I have done the following tables. I is a
>> >topic for discussion and I am not claiming that I got it right on the first
>> >time or on my own.
>> >
>> >The following table is a first attempt to map technical feasibility of
>> >fossil to bio fuel replacement.


Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html

Biofuels list archives:
http://archive.