[Tutor] scaling values
i have various functions (that i didn't write) that put out data in lists of various types. But some functions (which i didn't write) that expect the data to be scaled, sometimes 0-1 sometimes 1-2, sometimes 0-127..., sometimes 0 - 32768... gosh you name it. In other words i have a bunch of black boxes that don't speak the same language is there a scaling function in python (or numeric or scipy) that can scale a list of values to a high precision? x = [13, 71, 120, 88, 82, 100, 10, 65, 101, 45, 26] foo = scale(x, 0, 1.0) and get that list scaled 0 to 1, or if i had: x = [.12789, .982779, .19798198, .266796, .656527, .257877091] foo = scale(x, 0, 127) cheers, -kp-- ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] scaling values
On Tue, 14 Mar 2006, kevin parks wrote: is there a scaling function in python (or numeric or scipy) that can scale a list of values to a high precision? x = [13, 71, 120, 88, 82, 100, 10, 65, 101, 45, 26] foo = scale(x, 0, 1.0) Hi Kevin, I'm still confused by the problem. Let's try small examples. Let's say we had this: ## x = [13] scaledX = scale(x, 0, 1.0) ## What would 'scaledX' have? I'm asking because I have no clue from the problem description! *grin* (There's some hidden knowledge that you have about the problem, so I'm trying to make sure it's out in the open.) We can ask the same question with a slightly larger (but still small) example: x = [13, 71] What should we expect from things like: scale(x, 0.0, 1.0) scale(x, 0.0, 2.0) scale(x, 1.0, 2.0) The results of small examples will help clarify what we'd need to do to make scale() work. Good luck to you! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Dynamically naming functions
On 13/03/06, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: For website, I can't really see how I can not have a dynamic structure. There's no way I'm writing a function for each folder. Hmm, this may be a CherryPie concept thing but the vast majority of websites do not have dynamic structures. It really shouldn't be necessary. Why would you need to write a function per folder, simply write one function that takes the folder as an argument. I do take your point though, however you often find that it's easy to maintain something dynamic than huge amounts of more static stuff Very rarely, its easy to do backups of huge amounts of data if you know where to find it, its hard to trawl all over a changing structure looking for the things that need backing up. Particularly if, when you try to restore it, it needs to go in a different place to where you found it! Backing up is generally one of the lesser of my worries. Maintaining content is primary. Unless you are dynamically generating static pages, they are a nightmare to maintain. Particularly as it tends to be quite repetitive. A large amount of the code on any page is the same as on any other page (page structure, boilerplate, etc). I think it's a generally accepted principle that computers are better at handling thousands of files like that better than humans are. The more of the repetitive stuff that can be removed and given to a computer, the better. in the difference between hundreds of static web pages and using a cms of some kind). Yes but a CMS normally uses a static structure with dynamic content. The templates stored in one place and the content in another. The templates know where to look for the content and the content doesn't care where the templates are. I think we might be using different meanings of structure. I'm referring to the site structure, as in which page is a parent of which other page. The site structure is just another aspect of the content. A reference to the parent/child pages is just another attribute like content and title. A (good) CMS would create a dynamic structure for the user to browse, with folders and pages easily creatable and movable, and references to pages would be dynamic so that if yo0u move a page internal links to it still work. Dynamic content is 'A Good Thing', dynamic structure is usually bad. But structure is just an aspect of content. BTW On the concept of loading your entire site at startup; if you are sharing a server you will make yourself very unpopular since you will be a huge resource hog. That's why ASP, JSP and other frameworks go to a lot of trouble to manage session lengths etc - to free up any unused resources and keep server speed up. Loading the structure of the site in the form of links might be reasonable, but only load content when you absolutely must. This also helps the maintainers update the site without restarting it. I have my own dedicated server, but point taken. Though I will still need to reload the structure of the site when the maintainers change it (adding/removing pages etc). Ed ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] ldap client
debian/sarge hello, I'm wanting to interogate an ldap server to fetch informations. so I'm looking for a python2.4 ldap client. And the only I've found is python2.4-ldaptor. Does some of you knows an good ldap client which use SSL ? Ced. -- Cedric BRINER Geneva - Switzerland ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Using Beautiful Soup to extract tag names
I have (unfortunately) received some data in XML format. I need to use it in Python, preferably as a list of dictionaries. The data is a flat representation of a table, in the style: tablename fieldname1Some Data/fieldname1 fieldname2Some Data/fieldname ... /tablename tablename fieldname1Some Data/fieldname1 fieldname2Some Data/fieldname ... and so on (where tablename is always the same in one file). It looks like Beautiful Soup would be a good option to quickly change it into a usable format, but I need to extract the field name (there's lots and lots of fields) as well as the data, and I can't work out how to do that in Beautiful Soup. If anyone can give me some help I'd be grateful, or if they can point me in the direction of a better solution. Thanks Ed ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
Hello, I'm trying to work on some programs to help me understand ciphers and ultimately cryptography. I've understood so far, that a simple form of bit-level cryptography is to split the original message into chunks the same length as a 'key' and then do an xor. I'm trying to keep this really simple so I can understand from first principles - so eg: Hello Tutors! could be split into: Hell o Tut ors! and xor'd with beer I think I understand how xor works (thanks to an earlier post) but I'm not sure how to iterate over each letter in a string. What is the recommended way to do this? Thanks, S. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Using Beautiful Soup to extract tag names
Ed Singleton wrote:
I have (unfortunately) received some data in XML format. I need to
use it in Python, preferably as a list of dictionaries. The data is a
flat representation of a table, in the style:
tablename
fieldname1Some Data/fieldname1
fieldname2Some Data/fieldname
...
/tablename
tablename
fieldname1Some Data/fieldname1
fieldname2Some Data/fieldname
...
and so on (where tablename is always the same in one file).
ElementTree makes short work of this:
from elementtree import ElementTree
xml = '''
datatablename
fieldname1Some Data1/fieldname1
fieldname2Some Data2/fieldname2
/tablename
tablename
fieldname3Some Data3/fieldname3
fieldname4Some Data4/fieldname4
/tablename
/data'''
doc = ElementTree.fromstring(xml)
# use ElementTree.parse() to parse a file
for table in doc.findall('tablename'):
for field in table.getchildren():
print field.tag, field.text
prints:
fieldname1 Some Data1
fieldname2 Some Data2
fieldname3 Some Data3
fieldname4 Some Data4
If speed is an issue then look at cElementTree which has the same
interface and is blazingly fast.
http://effbot.org/zone/element.htm
Kent
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Re: [Tutor] scaling values
kevin parks wrote: i have various functions (that i didn't write) that put out data in lists of various types. But some functions (which i didn't write) that expect the data to be scaled, sometimes 0-1 sometimes 1-2, sometimes 0-127..., sometimes 0 - 32768... gosh you name it. In other words i have a bunch of black boxes that don't speak the same language is there a scaling function in python (or numeric or scipy) that can scale a list of values to a high precision? Perhaps someone on this list knows what you want, but I don't. What is scaling? What does foo look like? x = [13, 71, 120, 88, 82, 100, 10, 65, 101, 45, 26] foo = scale(x, 0, 1.0) and get that list scaled 0 to 1, or if i had: x = [.12789, .982779, .19798198, .266796, .656527, .257877091] foo = scale(x, 0, 127) ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] scaling values
Is this what you're asking for? # Scaler.py # def scale(OldList, NewMin, NewMax): NewRange = float(NewMax - NewMin) OldMin = min(x) OldMax = max(x) OldRange = float(OldMax - OldMin) ScaleFactor = NewRange / OldRange print '\nEquasion: NewValue = ((OldValue - ' + str(OldMin) + ') x ' + str(ScaleFactor) + ') + ' + str(NewMin) + '\n' NewList = [] for OldValue in OldList: NewValue = ((OldValue - OldMin) * ScaleFactor) + NewMin NewList.append(NewValue) return NewList x = [13, 71, 120, 88, 82, 100, 10, 65, 101, 45, 26] foo = scale(x, 0, 1.0) ##x = [.12789, .982779, .19798198, .266796, .656527, .257877091] ##foo = scale(x, 0, 127) ##x = [0, 50, 100] ##foo = scale(x, 32, 212) ##x = [32, 122, 212] ##foo = scale(x, 0, 100) print 'New List = ' + str(foo) Print Equasion: NewValue = ((OldValue - 10) x 0.00909090909091) + 0 New List = [0.027272727272727271, 0.55454545454545456, 1.0, 0.70909090909090911, 0.65454545454545454, 0.81818181818181812, 0.0, 0.5, 0.82727272727272727, 0.31818181818181818, 0.14545454545454545] -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of kevin parks Sent: Tuesday, March 14, 2006 1:03 AM To: tutor@python.org Subject: [Tutor] scaling values i have various functions (that i didn't write) that put out data in lists of various types. But some functions (which i didn't write) that expect the data to be scaled, sometimes 0-1 sometimes 1-2, sometimes 0-127..., sometimes 0 - 32768... gosh you name it. In other words i have a bunch of black boxes that don't speak the same language is there a scaling function in python (or numeric or scipy) that can scale a list of values to a high precision? x = [13, 71, 120, 88, 82, 100, 10, 65, 101, 45, 26] foo = scale(x, 0, 1.0) and get that list scaled 0 to 1, or if i had: x = [.12789, .982779, .19798198, .266796, .656527, .257877091] foo = scale(x, 0, 127) cheers, -kp-- ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Using Beautiful Soup to extract tag names
As always Kent, you're amazing.
That will do perfectly. (Though the ElementTree documentation seems a
bit difficult to get through. I'm sure I'll get through it
eventually).
Thanks
Ed
On 14/03/06, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Ed Singleton wrote:
I have (unfortunately) received some data in XML format. I need to
use it in Python, preferably as a list of dictionaries. The data is a
flat representation of a table, in the style:
tablename
fieldname1Some Data/fieldname1
fieldname2Some Data/fieldname
...
/tablename
tablename
fieldname1Some Data/fieldname1
fieldname2Some Data/fieldname
...
and so on (where tablename is always the same in one file).
ElementTree makes short work of this:
from elementtree import ElementTree
xml = '''
datatablename
fieldname1Some Data1/fieldname1
fieldname2Some Data2/fieldname2
/tablename
tablename
fieldname3Some Data3/fieldname3
fieldname4Some Data4/fieldname4
/tablename
/data'''
doc = ElementTree.fromstring(xml)
# use ElementTree.parse() to parse a file
for table in doc.findall('tablename'):
for field in table.getchildren():
print field.tag, field.text
prints:
fieldname1 Some Data1
fieldname2 Some Data2
fieldname3 Some Data3
fieldname4 Some Data4
If speed is an issue then look at cElementTree which has the same
interface and is blazingly fast.
http://effbot.org/zone/element.htm
Kent
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Re: [Tutor] Using Beautiful Soup to extract tag names
Ed Singleton wrote: As always Kent, you're amazing. Thank you! That will do perfectly. (Though the ElementTree documentation seems a bit difficult to get through. I'm sure I'll get through it eventually). Unfortunately I have to agree with you on this one. ET is going to be part of the standard lib in Python 2.5, I hope the docs get a bit of work. Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] scaling values
Hi Kevin, Do you mean:? 1)take the highest value in the list hval, take the lowest value in the list lval 2) pass top and bottom NEW values for the list: ntop nbot 3) then build another list where hval is replaced by ntop, lval is replaced by nbot, and everything else is geometrically scaled in bewteen? AFAIK, there is no such function in the standard lib (maybe someone knows better) but it is not hard to build such a function. Have you tried? It would be something like: def scaled(x, ntop, nbot) See that you can use min(L) and max(L) to get lval and hval Try it, and if you run into problems or have questions, don't hesitate to ask. Hope that helps, Hugo ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
Hello Tutors! could be split into:
Hell o Tut ors!
and xor'd with beer
I think I understand how xor works (thanks to an earlier post) but I'm
not sure how to iterate over each letter in a string. What is the
recommended way to do this?
The xor bitwise operator works with numbers --- not directly with strings
--- so one of your tasks will probably be to take a chunk like:
beer
and turn it into some numeric bit pattern.
It turns out that this isn't too bad if we abuse the 'struct' module:
http://www.python.org/doc/lib/module-struct.html
The idea is to unpack four single characters as a single 4-byte integer.
For example:
##
struct.unpack('i', 'food')
(1685024614,)
##
This kind of transformation is reversable:
##
struct.pack('i', 1685024614)
'food'
##
Does this make sense?
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Re: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
On 3/14/06, Danny Yoo [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The idea is to unpack four single characters as a single 4-byte integer. That's really useful, thanks, as I was planning to iterate over each letter and call ord() This kind of transformation is reversable: Highly useful. Thanks very much indeed. Does this make sense? Absolutely. S. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
As a side note, remember that that xor-ing a key with a message is trivial to break (it's just a variation on the Vigenere cipher first published in 1568). So don't use if for any real applications. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Steve Nelson Sent: 14 March 2006 15:29 To: tutor@python.org Subject: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word Hello, I'm trying to work on some programs to help me understand ciphers and ultimately cryptography. I've understood so far, that a simple form of bit-level cryptography is to split the original message into chunks the same length as a 'key' and then do an xor. I'm trying to keep this really simple so I can understand from first principles - so eg: Hello Tutors! could be split into: Hell o Tut ors! and xor'd with beer I think I understand how xor works (thanks to an earlier post) but I'm not sure how to iterate over each letter in a string. What is the recommended way to do this? Thanks, S. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
On 3/14/06, Matthew Webber [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: As a side note, remember that that xor-ing a key with a message is trivial to break (it's just a variation on the Vigenere cipher first published in 1568). So don't use if for any real applications. Yes - at the moment this is just a way for me to begin to get my head around how cryptography works from anabsolutely ludicrously basic position. This all started because I couldn't get my head around the difference between an encryption algorithm and the key. I thought that by writing my own, I would work it out! S. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
On 3/14/06, Steve Nelson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On 3/14/06, Danny Yoo [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
The idea is to unpack four single characters as a single 4-byte integer.
That's really useful, thanks, as I was planning to iterate over each
letter and call ord()
Ok, so experimenting a little further, and looking at the
documentation, it seems that len(string) and calcsize (i) must be the
same. Is there a reason why 'i' is a 4 byte integer? Doesn't this
mean that this method wouldn't scale if I then decided I wanted to
use, eg, a 6 byte key instead of a four? Or do I misunderstand?
I am also struggling to understand why a 4 byte integer is so large?
mystring = Hello I am Steve
import struct
struct.unpack('i', mystring[0:4])
(1819043144,)
I can see that the largest number I can generate in a 1 byte integer
is 255 - which is (2^8)-1. Is the point that with a 4 byte number I
can actually get (2^32)-1 , ie 4294967295? This just seems like a
huge number!
I suppose I've answered my question... but any comments or
clarifications would help a lot.
S.
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Re: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
As a side note, remember that that xor-ing a key with a message is trivial to break (it's just a variation on the Vigenere cipher first published in 1568). So don't use if for any real applications. Hi Matthew, Counterpoint: think of one-time pads. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-time_pad XOR itself is just a technique --- it's just a binary operation between two bit patterns --- but the use of one-time pads provides unbreakable encryption. As long as the xor-ing key is protected, and as long as the encrypting key pattern is as long as the message, it's theoretically unbreakable. If we reuse the same encrypting bit-pattern over and over, or make the XORing key less than random, then all bets are off, of course. *grin* There are different encryption schemes that, at its heart, use XOR. But XOR itself is not inherently insecure: it's our use of it that determines the quality of the result. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
Yes - at the moment this is just a way for me to begin to get my head around how cryptography works from anabsolutely ludicrously basic position. This all started because I couldn't get my head around the difference between an encryption algorithm and the key. I thought that by writing my own, I would work it out! Hi Steve, Yup; it really has to do with numbers. Once we manage that leap, then it's just a matter of writing functions that transform numbers to other numbers. When you want to get more in depth, you may find: http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/psets/ps3/readme.html useful; it's a fun homework assignment on the RSA cryptosystem. The support functions are in Scheme, but converting it to Python isn't too bad. Best of wishes! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
Here's something you might find useful they've just started a series on cryptography on this site, you can read them or listen to a podcast. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Iterate over letters in a word
On 14/03/06, Adam [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Here's something you might find useful they've just started a series on cryptography on this site, you can read them or listen to a podcast. D'oh! Would help if I actually stuck the link in http://www.grc.com/SecurityNow.htm#30 ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] scaling values
hi, Seems my post added much confusion. Sorry... I was hoping not to have to post my code since it is really wrong and slightly embarrassing.. what i am trying to do is map an input range of values to output range. I was hoping to make it a bit of an all purpose utility that would map pretty much any input range to an output range, also do inverted mapping... and also handle negative numbers and perhaps even a flag for exponential mapping. import random def scaleX(in_seq, low, hi): range1 = max(in_seq) - min(in_seq) #range2 = max(out_seq) - min(outseq) range2 = hi - low ratio = range1/range2 return [(x * ratio) for x in in_seq] def test(): # Create a list of 15 random integers in the range 0 to 127 # see if we can map it to 0 - 1 inseq = random.sample(xrange(128), 25) print print scaleX(inseq, 0.0, 1.0) print if __name__ == __main__: test() ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Splitting a string into n-sized bytes
Hello all, Further to my previous puzzling, I've been working out the best way to chop a string up into n-sized words: I'm aware that I can use a slice of the string, with, eg, myWord[0:4]. I am also aware that I can do blob = myWord.pop(0) to take (and remove) the first character. I can botch these together, eg myFourLetterWord = myWord.pop(0)+myWord.pop(0)+myWord.pop(0)+myWord.pop(0) but that is really horrid. I then tried doing something suitably silly, as follows: 1) Find the length of string. 2) Create a list using range(0, length, 4) 3) We now have the end points for each 'word', eg 4, 8, 12. 4) Now create a list of tuples that represent the slices we need, ie (0,4), (5,8) etc 5) Iterate over this list, grabbing the slices as depicted in the tuples. 6) Use these tuples to grab slices. The code looked like this: #!/usr/bin/env python myString = Sir, you are an egotistical rhetorician!!! length=len(myString) extra=length%4 if extra 0: myString = myString+(#*extra)+# r = range(0, len(myString), 4) wordRange=[] for i in r: if i1: wordRange.append((int(i-4),i)) for t in wordRange: print myString[t[0]:t[1]] Surely there's an easier way? S. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Splitting a string into n-sized bytes
On 14/03/06, Steve Nelson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello all, Further to my previous puzzling, I've been working out the best way to chop a string up into n-sized words: I'm aware that I can use a slice of the string, with, eg, myWord[0:4]. I am also aware that I can do blob = myWord.pop(0) to take (and remove) the first character. I can botch these together, eg myFourLetterWord = myWord.pop(0)+myWord.pop(0)+myWord.pop(0)+myWord.pop(0) but that is really horrid. I then tried doing something suitably silly, as follows: 1) Find the length of string. 2) Create a list using range(0, length, 4) 3) We now have the end points for each 'word', eg 4, 8, 12. 4) Now create a list of tuples that represent the slices we need, ie (0,4), (5,8) etc 5) Iterate over this list, grabbing the slices as depicted in the tuples. 6) Use these tuples to grab slices. The code looked like this: #!/usr/bin/env python myString = Sir, you are an egotistical rhetorician!!! length=len(myString) extra=length%4 if extra 0: myString = myString+(#*extra)+# r = range(0, len(myString), 4) wordRange=[] for i in r: if i1: wordRange.append((int(i-4),i)) for t in wordRange: print myString[t[0]:t[1]] Surely there's an easier way? S. How's this?: myString = Sir, you are an egotistical rhetorician!!! [myString[i:i+4] for i in range(0, len(myString), 4)] ['Sir,', ' you', ' are', ' an ', 'egot', 'isti', 'cal ', 'rhet', 'oric', 'ian!', '!!'] Hopefully that should point you in the right direction to do n-sized words as well. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] scaling values
kevin parks wrote: hi, Seems my post added much confusion. Sorry... I was hoping not to have to post my code since it is really wrong and slightly embarrassing.. I think the confusion was about what input range to use. From your code it looks like you want to use just the actual range of input values. what i am trying to do is map an input range of values to output range. I was hoping to make it a bit of an all purpose utility that would map pretty much any input range to an output range, also do inverted mapping... and also handle negative numbers and perhaps even a flag for exponential mapping. import random def scaleX(in_seq, low, hi): range1 = max(in_seq) - min(in_seq) #range2 = max(out_seq) - min(outseq) range2 = hi - low ratio = range1/range2 return [(x * ratio) for x in in_seq] This is actually pretty close. You have ratio backwards and you need to account for the offsets min(in_seq) and low. Try in_low = min(in_seq) ratio = range2/range1 return [ ((x-in_low) * ratio + low) for x in in_seq ] Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Tix: binding
I am looking at Tix and I am stuck with what seems to be a simple problem: I want to bind the cancel buttom of a ExFileSelectBox to a routine in my class, but can not make it work. I guess the problem is the same for any binding of tix sub-widgets, so if someone could send some sample code. import Tix root = Tix.Tk() box = Tix.ExFileSelectBox(root) print box.subwidget(name='cancel') .11827520.bf.cancel#so the sub-widget cancel buttom is there But how to bind it ? box.cancel(command = lambda a,b : a+b ) Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#12, line 1, in ? box.cancel(command = lambda a,b : a+b ) AttributeError: _dummyButton instance has no __call__ method Or box.subwidget(name='cancel' , command = lambda a,b : a+b ) Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#13, line 1, in ? box.subwidget(name='cancel' , command = lambda a,b : a+b ) TypeError: subwidget() got an unexpected keyword argument 'command' So, it seems I can not bind to command, but what then ? From the Tix docu I thought the buttoms are normal Tkinter widgets ? -- Harm ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] [Fwd: Re: Indoor ultimate]
Sorry guys, total brain fart there :-) ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] [Fwd: Re: Indoor ultimate]
On 15/03/06, Sam B [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm keen! what shoe type do you reccomend? Non-marking cross trainers will do. If you want to spend more money, go into shoe clinic and tell them you want shoes for playing indoor ultimate. I ended up with a pair of Adidas handball shoes. Expect to pay $200 or more, though. -- John. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Splitting a string into n-sized bytes
| From: Steve Nelson | | Further to my previous puzzling, I've been working out the best way to | chop a string up into n-sized words: | I think the follow use of groupby is from Raymond Hettinger from ASPN recipes. The batch() function will return an iterable to you in user-definable sized sets. from itertools import groupby def batch(iterable, size): def ticker(x, s=size, a=[-1]): r = a[0] = a[0] + 1 return r // s for k, g in groupby(iterable, ticker): yield g s='this is my string to parse up.' for i in batch(s,4): print list(i) The output is lists of (in this case) 4 characters; the last group is shorter, but you already know how to fix that. ['t', 'h', 'i', 's'] [' ', 'i', 's', ' '] ['m', 'y', ' ', 's'] ['t', 'r', 'i', 'n'] ['g', ' ', 't', 'o'] [' ', 'p', 'a', 'r'] ['s', 'e', ' ', 'u'] ['p', '.'] /c ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Help me please
Hello, I am a newbie in python programming without previous programming experience.Here i would like to ask a question based on the exercises given by Josh Cogliatti in his tutorial.I'll paste the question.Hope you can help me to solve it.I'd like to end it by saying thanks for all yourr help. :Modify the password guessing program to keep track of how many times the user has entered the password wrong. If it is more than 3 times, print ``That must have been complicated.''
This is the previous password program:
Password.py # Waits until a password has been entered. Use control-C to break out with out
# the password
#Note that this must not be the password so that the
# while loop runs at least once.
password = "foobar"
#note that != means not equal
while password != "unicorn":
password = raw_input("Password:")
print "Welcome in"
Password.py # Waits until a password has been entered. Use control-C to break out with out
# the password
#Note that this must not be the password so that the
# while loop runs at least once.
password = "foobar"
#note that != means not equal
while password != "unicorn":
password = raw_input("Password:")
print "Welcome in"
--
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Re: [Tutor] scaling values
Thanks to Kent Johnson, David Heiser and everyone else. Looks like i was most of the way there...hehe... David Heiser gets special bonus points for actually understanding my initial mysterious query. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] OSError
I am trying to write a function that takes a directory
name and describes the contents of the directory (file
name and size) recursively. Here is what I have
written so far:
import os, os.path
def describeDirectory(directory):
if os.listdir(directory) == []:
print Empty directory!
else:
for files in os.listdir(directory):
if os.path.isdir(files):
print files, ' is a directory!'
else:
print files, 'SIZE: ',
os.path.getsize(files)
print 'Current Directory: \n'
describeDirectory('.')
print '\n'
print './testFiles: \n'
describeDirectory('./testFiles')
Here is the result:
Current Directory:
changePeppers.py SIZE: 915
describeDirectory.py SIZE: 481
describeDirectory.pyc SIZE: 514
error_log SIZE: 0
makezeros.py SIZE: 147
makezeros.pyc SIZE: 481
output SIZE: 387
pepper.txt SIZE: 601
testFiles is a directory!
textWrapper.py SIZE: 619
textWrapper.pyc SIZE: 1092
timings.py SIZE: 567
timings.pyc SIZE: 733
./testFiles:
renameFiles.py SIZE:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File describeDirectory.py, line 17, in ?
describeDirectory('./testFiles')
File describeDirectory.py, line 11, in
describeDirectory
print files, 'SIZE: ', os.path.getsize(files)
File /usr/lib/python2.4/posixpath.py, line 139, in
getsize
return os.stat(filename).st_size
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory:
'renameFiles.py'
I don't understand the OSError. The file
'renameFiles.py' is in './testFiles' directory. Can
someone clarify this for me?
-Chris
I'm the last person to pretend that I'm a radio. I'd rather go out and be a
color television set.
-David Bowie
Who dares wins
-British military motto
I generally know what I'm doing.
-Buster Keaton
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Re: [Tutor] Splitting a string into n-sized bytes
On 3/14/06, Adam [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hopefully that should point you in the right direction to do n-sized words as well. Indeed - as I now have a function: def nsplit(s, n): return [s[i:i+n] for i in range(0, len(s), n)] Incidentally I am currently going with: def nsplit(s, n): while s: yield s[:n] s = s[n:] As my friend just showed me how generators work, and also that the beginning and end of lists are implicit. Very cool. Thanks for all your help! S. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
