[Tutor] Confused about globals
Hi
I have a series of python programs that plot stuff using PYX. Common to
these is the need to read in a list of (well) locations in (X,Y) coords so
I put that code in a separate module called shared_funcs.py. The coords
are stored in dictionaries which I want to use later in the main program
- every time I find a well with data, I can get the well's (x,y) coords by
looking up the well name in the dictionary. The code snippet looks like this:
=== main.py
# define coord dictionaries for global use
DE={}
DN={}
import shared_funcs()
shared_funcs.get_xy_data() # Get coords from file
... do plotting stuff
=== shared_funcs.py ===
def get_xy_data():
in_file=open(well_xy.txt,r)
for line in in_file
L=line.split()
well=L[0]
x=L[1]
y=L[2]
DE[well]=x
DN[well]=y
in_file.close()
The problem is that DE and DN appear not to be accessible to get_xy_data -
presumably this is because shared_funcs.py and main.py don't share the same
scope. So, is there any way to let get_xy_data change DE and DN? I guess
the obvious way is to pass them to get_xy_data as arguments - but is there
a more pythonic method? Thanks in advance!
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Re: [Tutor] layout ( i guess)
Desk Jet wrote: uh ive been wondering if with python you would be able to make layouts? What's a layout? For a web site, magazine page, printed circuit board... Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] making a python program part of xhtml
Emily Fortuna [EMAIL PROTECTED] 6/8/2006 9:19 AM Hola everyone, I'm working on creating a webpage in which a user can submit data into fields to be held in a database (there are other details, but this is the gist of the idea), and I need to use python. I am unfamiliar with manipulating data and web apps as a whole (and new to python), so I have been encountering much unfamiliar terrain. I _think_ I want to somehow embed the python into the page, but I'm really not sure how to do it. After googling I found some programs that generate xhtml from python, but I don't think that is what I want, or is it? Your help is appreciated! Emily You might look at http://karrigell.sourceforge.net/: karrigell lets you embed python in xhtml, xhtml in python, execute straight python scripts, or execute python from a karrigell application server. Even if you don't choose karrigell for some reason, at least the documentation can help you sort out the variations on the python/xhtml theme! Ron ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Maintain SessionID with AMARA
Hi
I want to have a script that can browse through a website and retrieve
information upon request. If I use AMARA for this, in the form i.e.
for subtree in binderytools.pushbind('panel', source='file1.xml'):
print subtree.name
And then once on this page 'file1.xml', need to peform an ACTION to
change the page to file2.xml and retrieve information from there. How
can I do the following:
1. Peform the actionURL using AMARA so it returns a different xml
screen that I can parse i.e. peforms a click of a URL and then parses
the resulting xml.
2. Maintain the sessionID across different pages.
Are there any examples of this ?.
Thanks
Kieran
-- Behind every great man, there is a great woman. Behind that woman is Mr.T.
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Re: [Tutor] Confused about globals
As a note, the import should be
import shared_funcs
In Python, most globals aren't really global -- they're local to the
module. If you split your modules by functionality, then variables
should naturally relate to a specific module, and be located there.
So, for example, you could move those global variables to
shared_funcs.py, renamed to wells.py:
=== wells.py ==
DE={}
DN={}
def get_xy_data():
in_file=open(well_xy.txt,r)
for line in in_file
L=line.split()
well=L[0]
x=L[1]
y=L[2]
DE[well]=x
DN[well]=y
in_file.close()
def lookup_well(well):
return (DE.get(well, None), DN.get(well, None))
=== main.py ===
import wells
def func_that_needs_wells():
...
for e n wells.DE.keys():
...
...
etc.
On Jun 9, 2006, at 4:42 AM, Etrade Griffiths wrote:
Hi
I have a series of python programs that plot stuff using PYX. Common
to
these is the need to read in a list of (well) locations in (X,Y)
coords so
I put that code in a separate module called shared_funcs.py. The
coords
are stored in dictionaries which I want to use later in the main
program
- every time I find a well with data, I can get the well's (x,y)
coords by
looking up the well name in the dictionary. The code snippet looks
like this:
=== main.py
# define coord dictionaries for global use
DE={}
DN={}
import shared_funcs()
shared_funcs.get_xy_data() # Get coords from file
... do plotting stuff
=== shared_funcs.py ===
def get_xy_data():
in_file=open(well_xy.txt,r)
for line in in_file
L=line.split()
well=L[0]
x=L[1]
y=L[2]
DE[well]=x
DN[well]=y
in_file.close()
The problem is that DE and DN appear not to be accessible to
get_xy_data -
presumably this is because shared_funcs.py and main.py don't share the
same
scope. So, is there any way to let get_xy_data change DE and DN? I
guess
the obvious way is to pass them to get_xy_data as arguments - but is
there
a more pythonic method? Thanks in advance!
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___
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Re: [Tutor] Confused about globals
Etrade Griffiths wrote:
Hi
I have a series of python programs that plot stuff using PYX. Common to
these is the need to read in a list of (well) locations in (X,Y) coords so
I put that code in a separate module called shared_funcs.py. The coords
are stored in dictionaries which I want to use later in the main program
- every time I find a well with data, I can get the well's (x,y) coords by
looking up the well name in the dictionary.
You don't need a global variable in shared_funcs.get_xy_data() at all.
It is reading a file and creating two dicts. I would write it to create
and return the dicts. Then you can save them where you like in the
caller. Also, I would use one dict whose values are (x, y) pairs, rather
than two parallel dicts. Then your code looks like this:
=== shared_funcs.py ===
def get_xy_data():
D = {}
in_file=open(well_xy.txt,r)
for line in in_file
L=line.split()
well=L[0]
x=L[1]
y=L[2]
D[well]=(x, y)
in_file.close()
return D
=== main.py ===
import shared_funcs
D = shared_funcs.get_xy_data()
though I suggest a more descriptive name than D...
If there are other related bits of data or operations other than lookup,
that might point to using a class to wrap the dict, the other data and
operations.
Kent
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[Tutor] file attribute of module
Message: 2 Date: Thu, 08 Jun 2006 09:28:27 -0400 From: Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: [Tutor] module versus file Most modules do have corresponding files. The exceptions are the ones built-in to Python. In fact modules have a __file__ attribute that tells you where it came from; try typing factor30.__file__ Kent *** import factor30 factor30._file_ Traceback (most recent call last): File pyshell#2, line 1, in -toplevel- factor30._file_ AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute '_file_' factor30.__file__ 'c:\\math\\factoring\\factor30.py' Ok. Now I understand it. The module is named factor30. The file is named factor30.py I presume that if I created another library in the same directory in a file named factor31.py that it would create a module named factor31. ??? ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] pyexcelerator
Are their docs anywhere for pyexcelerator? the built in docs are a bit lacking.For instance I can't figure out how to set a column width.I am just reading the examples and they kind of help but I don't follow this ... ws.col(i).width = 0x0d00 + iwhere i is an incrementing integer.so to me it reads if i = 0.set col 0's width to hexnumber plus 0why the hex number? does it have to be written this way? ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] pyexcelerator
Paul D. Kraus wrote: Are their docs anywhere for pyexcelerator? the built in docs are a bit lacking. For instance I can't figure out how to set a column width. I am just reading the examples and they kind of help but I don't follow this ... ws.col(i).width = 0x0d00 + i where i is an incrementing integer. so to me it reads if i = 0. set col 0's width to hexnumber plus 0 why the hex number? does it have to be written this way? Maybe just try without the 0x0d00 and see what happens? or try the pyExcelerator mailing list on SourceForge... Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] errno vs. sys.exc_info
I am in need of a clear way to return exceptions within a try loop. I have been looking at both errno and sys.exc_info. I know that using errno is not encouraged in threaded programs, but this is no big deal for my purposes. I found a good, clear example for translating the rather cryptic output from sys.exc_info: def formatExceptionInfo(maxTBlevel=5): cla, exc, trbk = sys.exc_info() excName = cla.__name__ try: excArgs = exc.__dict__[args] except KeyError: excArgs = no args excTb = traceback.format_tb(trbk, maxTBlevel) return (excName, excArgs, excTb) Which seems to cover most of the bases, but I have yet to find a good example of using errno. Can someone provide a quick cut? :-) Thanks! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] making a python program part of xhtml
On Fri, Jun 09, 2006 at 07:17:02AM -0400, Ron Phillips wrote: Emily Fortuna [EMAIL PROTECTED] 6/8/2006 9:19 AM [snip] ... I _think_ I want to somehow embed the python into the page, but I'm really not sure how to do it. After googling I found some programs that generate xhtml from python, but I don't think that is what I want, or is it? Your help is appreciated! Emily You might look at http://karrigell.sourceforge.net/: karrigell lets you embed python in xhtml, xhtml in python, execute straight python scripts, or execute python from a karrigell application server. Even if you don't choose karrigell for some reason, at least the documentation can help you sort out the variations on the python/xhtml theme! You may also want to visit the following Web page, then scroll down and look for Templating Engines: http://wiki.python.org/moin/WebProgramming Dave -- Dave Kuhlman http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] layout ( i guess)
Desk Jet wrote: uh ive been wondering if with python you would be able to make layouts?Hello,I premise that i don't get the exact meaning you are using for 'layouts',GUI-enabled applications ( i.e. those with windows,buttons,progress bars,notebooks..) could it be?Well,sure Python can :) In the majority of case,programming graphical user interfaces will require you to install additional packages,but there is one that comes along with Python : Tkinter.Cheers,Ivan ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] pyexcelerator
Maybe just try without the 0x0d00 and see what happens? or try thepyExcelerator mailing list on SourceForge... Mailing list looks dead only 2 messages.Man this is the exact module i need to finish converting about 20 scripts from perl and I have no idea how to use most of it. This is very frustrating. Is there another excel writer module that has documentation?Or on a broader topic is their a CPAN equivalent? Paul ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] pyexcelerator
Paul D. Kraus wrote: Maybe just try without the 0x0d00 and see what happens? or try the pyExcelerator mailing list on SourceForge... Mailing list looks dead only 2 messages. Man this is the exact module i need to finish converting about 20 scripts from perl and I have no idea how to use most of it. This is very frustrating. Is there another excel writer module that has documentation? If you are running on Windows and have Excel installed you can talk to Excel using COM. Take a look here: http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/pythonwin32/chapter/ch12.html If no one on tutor knows about this you can probably get help with COM on the python-win32 list or comp.lang.python. Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] numpy speed problems
hello, I am having some trouble with the speed of numpy. I'm crunching some numbers (see the attached script) and in total I have 1,000,000 grid points over which I am integrating. I'm doing a bunch of adding, mulitply, divide, powers, etc, but in total there are 1,000,000 points to do these operations over and it really shouldn't take this long... as far as I know. my last simulation took about 8+ hours.What might I be doing wrong in my code to cause this to be so slow? big thanks!!Jeff __Do You Yahoo!?Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com from numpy import *
function definitions
def GetPressure(x_coord, y_coord, x_r, y_r, z_r, dx, dy, w_mn, rho, v_mn, k_mn,
n, m):
# intialize pressure
p = 0.0 + 1j
# sum contributions from all point sources to receiver
for ii in range(n):
for jj in range(m):
r = ((x_r - x_coord[ii])**2.0 + (y_r - y_coord[jj])**2.0 + (z_r
- 0.0)**2)**0.5
p += (1j*w_mn*rho*v_mn[ii][jj])*exp(1j*k_mn*r)*dx*dy/(2.0*pi*r)
p = sqrt(p*conjugate(p))
return abs(p)
vaiables and constants
problem definition parameter
n = arange(1,70) #mode number in x direction
m = arange(1,70) #mode number in y direction
mode_n = 10 #mode number - 1
mode_m = 10 #mode number - 1
L = 1.2 #piston length(m)
W = 0.6 #piston width(m)
material properties fluid
c = 343.0 #speed sound in water (m/s)
rho_a = 1.21 #density of air (kg/m^3)
piston material properties
E = 7.0e10#youngs modulus (N/m^2) (stainless
steel)
nu = 0.29 #poisson's ratio (stainless steel
rho = 2700.0#density of piston (stainless steel)
(kg/m^3)
t = 0.0015#piston thickness (m)
wave speed, wave number, frequency
c_l = (E/(rho*(1 - nu**2)))**0.5#longitudinal wave speed in
piston
k_x = n*pi/W#wave number x direction
k_y = m*pi/L#wave number y direction
k_mn= (k_x[mode_n]**2 + k_y[mode_m]**2)**0.5#bending wave number for n
and m mode
w_c = (c**2)/(1.8*c_l*t)#critical frequency (Hz)
w_mn= (k_mn**2)*1.8*c_l*t/(2.0*pi)**2 #frequency for n and m (see
notes 5/15/06)
k_c = 2.0*pi*(w_c/(1.8*c_l*t))**0.5 #critical wave number
k_a = 2.0*pi*w_mn/c#wave number in
acoustic medium (air)
piston grid
dx = 1.0/k_a #x direction step in space (m)
dy = 1.0/k_a #y direction step in space (m)
if dx 0.005:
dx = 0.005
dy = 0.005
num_y = int(L/dy) #number of nodes in y direction
num_x = int(W/dx) #number of nodes in x direction
#piston grid coordinates
x_coord = arange(num_x, dtype=float)*W/num_x - W/2.0
y_coord = arange(num_y, dtype=float)*L/num_y - L/2.0
field grid
a = 1
b = 50
d = 50
x_r = arange(a, dtype=float)*1.0/float(a) #x position of receiver (m)
y_r = arange(b, dtype=float)*1.0/float(b) #y position of receiver (m)
z_r = arange(d, dtype=float)*10.0/float(d)#z position of receiver (m)
acoustic variables
p = 0 #amplitude of pressure at receiver
(Pa)
r = 0 #distance from origin to receiver(m)
p_field = zeros((a,b,d), dtype=float) #pressure field (m)
calculate piston surface velocity amplitude
U_mn= zeros((len(x_coord), len(y_coord)), dtype=float)
for i in range(len(x_coord)):
for j in range(len(y_coord)):
#amplitude of piston surface displacement
U_mn[i][j] =
sin(n[mode_n]*pi*(L/2.0+x_coord[i]))*sin(m[mode_m]*pi*(W/2.0+y_coord[j]))
#amplitude of piston surface velocity(m/s)
V_mn = w_mn*U_mn
numerical integration of Raleigh's equation
for i in range(a):
for j in range(b):
for k in range(d):
p_field[i][j][k] = GetPressure(x_coord, y_coord, x_r[i], y_r[j],
z_r[k], dx, dy, w_mn, rho, V_mn, k_mn, num_x, num_y)
print '%d Percent Complete'%(100.0*j/b)
p_field = 20.0*log10(p_field)
fileHandle = file('beam pattern.dat', w)
fileHandle.write('TITLE = HW 4\n')
fileHandle.write('VARIABLES = x\ny\nz\npressure\n')
fileHandle.write('ZONE T=%s\n' % 'pressure field')
fileHandle.write('I=%d, J=1, ZONETYPE=Ordered\n' % (a*b*d))
fileHandle.write('DATAPACKING=POINT DT=(DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE)\n')
for ii in range(a):
for jj in range(b):
for kk in range(d):
fileHandle.write('%f %f %f %f\n' % (x_r[ii], y_r[jj], z_r[kk],
p_field[ii][jj][kk]))
fileHandle.close()
contour of surface velocity
fileHandle =
Re: [Tutor] pyexcelerator
Paul D. Kraus wrote: Are their docs anywhere for pyexcelerator? the built in docs are a bit lacking. For instance I can't figure out how to set a column width. I am just reading the examples and they kind of help but I don't follow this ... ws.col(i).width = 0x0d00 + i where i is an incrementing integer. so to me it reads if i = 0. set col 0's width to hexnumber plus 0 why the hex number? does it have to be written this way? Nothing has to be written in hex. Judging from some of the modules the author used hex a lot. I just looked at my copy of PyExcelerator. It seems to be in poor shape. I tried running some of the modules that have if __name__ == '__main__': (i.e. self-testing) and they failed with errors! And I find no visible documentation or working examples. Sigh. The only thing I've used it for is parsing an existing Excel Workbook. -- Bob Gailer 510-978-4454 ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] problems using PyGTK on cygwin
I have been trying to work throught the PyGTK tutorial using cygwin, but I have been having problems. For example when I try to launch the helloworld.py program (http://www.pygtk.org/pygtk2tutorial/ch-GettingStarted.html#sec-HelloWorld), I get this: $ python helloworld.py No fonts found; this probably means that the fontconfig library is not correctly configured. You may need to edit the fonts.conf configuration file. More information about fontconfig can be found in the fontconfig(3) manual page and on http://fontconfig.org I located the files, but the content is Greek to me! Likewise, I tried running pygtkconsole.py program (http://www.pygtk.org/pygtk2tutorial/examples/pygtkconsole.py) and got $ python pygtkconsole.py 5 [main] python2.4 1360 C:\cygwin\bin\python2.4.exe: *** fatal error - unable to remap C:\cygwin\usr\X11R6\bin\cygXcursor-1.dll to same address as parent(0x1887) != 0x188A 6 [main] python 1588 child_copy: loaded dll data write copy failed, 0x60084000..0x60085150, done 0, windows pid 2286452, Win32 error 5 Traceback (most recent call last): File pygtkconsole.py, line 119, in ? interact() File pygtkconsole.py, line 101, in interact gi = GtkInterpreter() File pygtkconsole.py, line 81, in __init__ child_pid = os.fork() OSError: [Errno 11] Resource temporarily unavailable Any suggestions? I have been seriously thinking of just downloading PyGTK for Windows instead of trying to run it in the faux Unix environment of cygwin. -Chris ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] pyexcelerator CORRECTION
Bob Gailer wrote: Paul D. Kraus wrote: Are their docs anywhere for pyexcelerator? the built in docs are a bit lacking. For instance I can't figure out how to set a column width. I am just reading the examples and they kind of help but I don't follow this ... ws.col(i).width = 0x0d00 + i where i is an incrementing integer. so to me it reads if i = 0. set col 0's width to hexnumber plus 0 why the hex number? does it have to be written this way? Nothing has to be written in hex. Judging from some of the modules the author used hex a lot. I just looked at my copy of PyExcelerator. It seems to be in poor shape. I tried running some of the modules that have if __name__ == '__main__': (i.e. self-testing) and they failed with errors! And I find no visible documentation or working examples. Sigh. I was looking in the wrong place. Now I see the examples folder. Double Sigh. I'll take a look at them. The only thing I've used it for is parsing an existing Excel Workbook. -- Bob Gailer 510-978-4454 ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] pyexcelerator
I just looked at my copy of PyExcelerator. It seems to be in poor shape.I tried running some of the modules that have if __name__ == '__main__': (i.e. self-testing) and they failed with errors! And I find no visibledocumentation or working examples. Sigh.You might want to check out the recent source from sourceforge its seems very functional and it has a bunch of examples. Not very useful for ones as far as I am concrened. I have not tried to run the modules by themselves.I hate the idea of having to pass or make a call to a perl script to handle the excel stuff its just seems wrong. I wish there was some kind of *open* format that i could write the spreadsheets to that both open office and excel 2000/2003 could read natively. Paul ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] numpy speed problems
Jeff Peery wrote: hello, I am having some trouble with the speed of numpy. I'm crunching some numbers (see the attached script) and in total I have 1,000,000 grid points over which I am integrating. I'm doing a bunch of adding, mulitply, divide, powers, etc, but in total there are 1,000,000 points to do these operations over and it really shouldn't take this long... as far as I know. my last simulation took about 8+ hours. What might I be doing wrong in my code to cause this to be so slow? big thanks!! I don't have time to analyze all your code but I'll point out that it is repeating some calculations many times. Example: x_coord[ii])**2.0 y_coord[jj])**2.0 are calculated every time GetPressure is called. I suggest you calculate these one time outside any loops and pass the result into GetPressure. Inside GetPressure: 1j*w_mn*rho exp(1j*k_mn*r)*dx*dy/(2.0*pi*r are repeatedly calculated inside the for loop. Move them out of the loop. Then look for other loop invariants. sin(n[mode_n]*pi*(L/2.0+x_coord[i]))*sin(m[mode_m]*pi*(W/2.0+y_coord[j])) is another place to look. from numpy import * function definitions def GetPressure(x_coord, y_coord, x_r, y_r, z_r, dx, dy, w_mn, rho, v_mn, k_mn, n, m): # intialize pressure p = 0.0 + 1j # sum contributions from all point sources to receiver for ii in range(n): for jj in range(m): r = ((x_r - x_coord[ii])**2.0 + (y_r - y_coord[jj])**2.0 + (z_r - 0.0)**2)**0.5 p += (1j*w_mn*rho*v_mn[ii][jj])*exp(1j*k_mn*r)*dx*dy/(2.0*pi*r) p = sqrt(p*conjugate(p)) return abs(p) vaiables and constants problem definition parameter n = arange(1,70) #mode number in x direction m = arange(1,70) #mode number in y direction mode_n = 10 #mode number - 1 mode_m = 10 #mode number - 1 L = 1.2 #piston length(m) W = 0.6 #piston width(m) material properties fluid c = 343.0 #speed sound in water (m/s) rho_a = 1.21 #density of air (kg/m^3) piston material properties E = 7.0e10#youngs modulus (N/m^2) (stainless steel) nu = 0.29 #poisson's ratio (stainless steel rho = 2700.0#density of piston (stainless steel) (kg/m^3) t = 0.0015#piston thickness (m) wave speed, wave number, frequency c_l = (E/(rho*(1 - nu**2)))**0.5#longitudinal wave speed in piston k_x = n*pi/W#wave number x direction k_y = m*pi/L#wave number y direction k_mn= (k_x[mode_n]**2 + k_y[mode_m]**2)**0.5#bending wave number for n and m mode w_c = (c**2)/(1.8*c_l*t)#critical frequency (Hz) w_mn= (k_mn**2)*1.8*c_l*t/(2.0*pi)**2 #frequency for n and m (see notes 5/15/06) k_c = 2.0*pi*(w_c/(1.8*c_l*t))**0.5 #critical wave number k_a = 2.0*pi*w_mn/c#wave number in acoustic medium (air) piston grid dx = 1.0/k_a #x direction step in space (m) dy = 1.0/k_a #y direction step in space (m) if dx 0.005: dx = 0.005 dy = 0.005 num_y = int(L/dy) #number of nodes in y direction num_x = int(W/dx) #number of nodes in x direction #piston grid coordinates x_coord = arange(num_x, dtype=float)*W/num_x - W/2.0 y_coord = arange(num_y, dtype=float)*L/num_y - L/2.0 field grid a = 1 b = 50 d = 50 x_r = arange(a, dtype=float)*1.0/float(a) #x position of receiver (m) y_r = arange(b, dtype=float)*1.0/float(b) #y position of receiver (m) z_r = arange(d, dtype=float)*10.0/float(d)#z position of receiver (m) acoustic variables p = 0 #amplitude of pressure at receiver (Pa) r = 0 #distance from origin to receiver (m) p_field = zeros((a,b,d), dtype=float) #pressure field (m) calculate piston surface velocity amplitude U_mn= zeros((len(x_coord), len(y_coord)), dtype=float) for i in range(len(x_coord)): for j in range(len(y_coord)): #amplitude of piston surface displacement U_mn[i][j] = sin(n[mode_n]*pi*(L/2.0+x_coord[i]))*sin(m[mode_m]*pi*(W/2.0+y_coord[j])) #amplitude of piston surface velocity(m/s) V_mn = w_mn*U_mn numerical integration of Raleigh's equation for i in range(a): for j in range(b): for k in range(d): p_field[i][j][k] = GetPressure(x_coord, y_coord, x_r[i], y_r[j], z_r[k], dx, dy, w_mn, rho, V_mn, k_mn, num_x, num_y)
[Tutor] Difference between popens
Hi, I'd like to know what are the differences at the various os.popenX flavors. I read the documentation and I can see they return file objects. so what can you do with these file objects? I mean, why would you need a set of file objects rather than another? Sorry the difference is very not clear to me. Thanks Bernard ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] An Introduction and a question
My name is Michael Sullivan. I am a 26 year-old college student in Oklahoma. My wife and I have a small (three PCs) computer network that we operate out of our home. We have our own domain (as one could tell by examining my email address) I have novice-level experience with VB, C/C++, Java, and PHP, but I'm just starting out with Python. Here's the situation: My wife likes to play the game Chuzzle, found at Yahoo Games. We use primarily Linux, however Chuzzle is written as an ActiveX control, which only works on Windows. I have not been able to get Internet Explorer to work correctly through Wine, so I determined to write a Chuzzle-like game (with many of my own enhancements) for Linux. I've been playing around with some Pygame examples lately, and thought that I'd try writing the game in Python (I've been meaning to learn Python for years, but just never got around to it.) Today I started on writing the game. I've decided (at least for now) to call my version, LinePuzzle. For those of you unfamiliar with Chuzzle, here's the basic concept: There are individual pieces of different colors arranged on a grid. The pieces can be moved on a line either vertically or horizontally. The object of the game is to position three similarly colored pieces ajacent to each other. At this point the three pieces will disappear, and the pieces above them will fall to take their place. As the levels progress, locks are added so that the player cannot move a locked piece either horizontally or vertically. The game is over when no more pieces can be removed. I started my script by creating a class called LinePuzzlePiece which represents a single coloured piece. I wanted a random colour chosen from a list to be assigned to the piece, and then to prove that I had it set up correctly, I wanted to call a method that would print out the color of the piece. Here is my code: #!/usr/bin/env python import random import time import math class LinePuzzlePiece: This class defines a single playing piece for LinePuzzle def __init__(self): seed(time) index = int(math.floor(uniform(1, 10))) colorlist = [red, blue, green yellow, purple] self.color = colorlist[index] def printcolor(): print self.color mypiece = LinePuzzlePiece mypiece.printcolor I saved the script and made it chmod +x. However, when I run it, I get this: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~ $ ./linepuzzle.py [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~ $ Now, I'm no expert, but I really think something should have been printed, if even a blank line. What am I doing wrong here? Why is nothing printing? Is my printcolor method even being called successfully? -Michael Sullivan- ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] An Introduction and a question
On 6/9/06, Michael Sullivan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: My name is Michael Sullivan. I am a 26 year-old college student in Oklahoma. My wife and I have a small (three PCs) computer network that we operate out of our home. We have our own domain (as one could tell by examining my email address) I have novice-level experience with VB, C/C++, Java, and PHP, but I'm just starting out with Python. Here's the situation: My wife likes to play the game Chuzzle, found at Yahoo Games. We use primarily Linux, however Chuzzle is written as an ActiveX control, which only works on Windows. I have not been able to get Internet Explorer to work correctly through Wine, so I determined to write a Chuzzle-like game (with many of my own enhancements) for Linux. I've been playing around with some Pygame examples lately, and thought that I'd try writing the game in Python (I've been meaning to learn Python for years, but just never got around to it.) Today I started on writing the game. I've decided (at least for now) to call my version, LinePuzzle. For those of you unfamiliar with Chuzzle, here's the basic concept: There are individual pieces of different colors arranged on a grid. The pieces can be moved on a line either vertically or horizontally. The object of the game is to position three similarly colored pieces ajacent to each other. At this point the three pieces will disappear, and the pieces above them will fall to take their place. As the levels progress, locks are added so that the player cannot move a locked piece either horizontally or vertically. The game is over when no more pieces can be removed. I started my script by creating a class called LinePuzzlePiece which represents a single coloured piece. I wanted a random colour chosen from a list to be assigned to the piece, and then to prove that I had it set up correctly, I wanted to call a method that would print out the color of the piece. Here is my code: #!/usr/bin/env python import random import time import math class LinePuzzlePiece: This class defines a single playing piece for LinePuzzle def __init__(self): seed(time) index = int(math.floor(uniform(1, 10))) colorlist = [red, blue, green yellow, purple] self.color = colorlist[index] def printcolor(): print self.color mypiece = LinePuzzlePiece mypiece.printcolor 1. try mypiece.printcolor() instead. 2. I'm cc-ing the pygame user group. I suggest that future questions related to pygame be sent over to that group instead. They are just as friendly as the folks on the tutor list. André I saved the script and made it chmod +x. However, when I run it, I get this: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~ $ ./linepuzzle.py [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~ $ Now, I'm no expert, but I really think something should have been printed, if even a blank line. What am I doing wrong here? Why is nothing printing? Is my printcolor method even being called successfully? -Michael Sullivan- ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] An Introduction and a question
Michael Sullivan wrote: Here is my code: #!/usr/bin/env python import random import time import math class LinePuzzlePiece: This class defines a single playing piece for LinePuzzle def __init__(self): seed(time) index = int(math.floor(uniform(1, 10))) colorlist = [red, blue, green yellow, purple] self.color = colorlist[index] def printcolor(): print self.color mypiece = LinePuzzlePiece mypiece.printcolor I saved the script and made it chmod +x. However, when I run it, I get this: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~ $ ./linepuzzle.py [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~ $ Now, I'm no expert, but I really think something should have been printed, if even a blank line. What am I doing wrong here? Why is nothing printing? Is my printcolor method even being called successfully? No, you have not created a LinePuzzlePiece or called printcolor. In Python, parentheses are required for function calls. A class or function name without the parentheses is a reference to the class or function object itself, not a call to the object. This can be very useful but it's not what you want! mypiece = LinePuzzlePiece # This makes mypiece refer to the class, not an instace mypiece.printcolor # This is a reference to a method of the class, but you don't do anything with the reference What you really want: mypiece = LinePuzzlePiece() mypiece.printcolor() Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Function list that might have a tuple that might have one of its indexs set to 's'
I am writing my first python program(at least in a really long time). Its purpose is to take csv or pipe delimintaed files and convert them to html pages. Was going to be excel but its just not worth the headache. Everyone viewing the reports is doing just that viewing simple tables.
I need to scan through a list that contains headers to my table.If one of the elements is a tuple and one of the elements of the tuple is s set self.sort to the index of the tuple in the header list and then replace the element in header with a two field tuple containing everything that was not 's'.
header = ['my first column',('my second num column','s','r'),(' my third num column','r') ]I pass header to a function actually a method but lets pretend its just a plain old function. Be careful reading the below code may cause random strokes. I have woken up twice laying on the floor disoriented :)
Actual code in my working example used to call function ...report.set_header( ['','Ext','Name','',('Calls','r','s'),('Ring','r'),('Talk','r'),('Wait','r'),('Max Talk','r') ] ) def set_header(self,header):
list = [] for cindex in range(len(header)): if type(()) == type(header[cindex]): for index in range(len(header[cindex]) ): if header[cindex][index] == 's':
self.sort = cindex for tindex in range(len(header[cindex])): if tindex != index: list.append(header[cindex][tindex]) header[cindex] = tuple(list)
self.header = header
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Re: [Tutor] Difference between popens
On Fri, Jun 09, 2006 at 03:38:58PM -0400, Bernard Lebel wrote:
Hi,
I'd like to know what are the differences at the various os.popenX
flavors. I read the documentation and I can see they return file
objects. so what can you do with these file objects? I mean, why
would you need a set of file objects rather than another?
See documentation at
http://docs.python.org/lib/os-newstreams.html#l2h-1552.
And, notice how the return values from the various versions of
popen are different file types: stdin, stdout, and stderr.
A summary:
- popen() gives you either an input pipe (stdin) or an output
pipe (stdout) but not both.
- popen2() gives you both an input pipe (stdin) and output pipe
(stdout).
- popen3() gives you an input pipe (stdin) and output pipe
(stdout) and an error pipe (stderr).
- popen4() gives you an input pipe and a pipe that combines output
and errors (stdout and stderr).
Specifically, if you want to run a command, just like you would
with os.system(), but:
1. You want to *either* feed (pipe) text to your command *or* read
results from your command, use os.popen() and use mode= 'w' or
'r'.
2. You want to both feed (pipe) text to your command *and* read
results from your command, use os.popen2().
Etc.
If you get an input pipe, you should write text to that pipe, then
close that stream. Doing close() is what triggers execution of the
command.
If you get an output pipe, then (after the command runs), read
from that pipe to get the results of your command (i.e. the text
that the command wrote to stdout).
Here is a simple example that uses popen2::
import os
def test():
instream, outstream = os.popen2('grep dave')
instream.write('Line #1\n')
instream.write('Line #2 dave is here\n')
instream.write('Line #3\n')
instream.write('Line #4 dave is also here\n')
instream.write('Line #5\n')
instream.close()
for line in outstream:
print 'Line: %s' % line.rstrip()
test()
Note that there is also a popen module, which has functions with
the same names and functionality:
This functionality is also available in the popen2 module
using functions of the same names, but the return values of
those functions have a different order.
See: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-popen2.html
Hope this helps.
Dave
--
Dave Kuhlman
http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman
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Re: [Tutor] An Introduction and a question (continuing)
OK. I've got it working this far. Now I want the script to generate eight pieces, each with a random colour. Here's my current code: #!/usr/bin/env python import random import time import math class LinePuzzlePiece: This class defines a single playing piece for LinePuzzle def __init__(self): random.seed(time) index = int(math.floor(random.uniform(0, 8))) colorlist = [red, blue, green, yellow, purple, cyan, orange, white] self.color = colorlist[index] def printcolor(self): print self.color piececount = 0 mypiece = [, , , , , , , , ] while (piececount 9): mypiece[piececount] = LinePuzzlePiece() mypiece[piececount].printcolor() piececount += 1 The problem is that while eight pieces are created and assigned a colour, the colour is always the same. I need the colours of the pieces to be in a somewhat random order. What am I doing wrong? ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] numpy speed problems
On Fri, Jun 09, 2006 at 11:57:32AM -0700, Bob Gailer wrote: Jeff Peery wrote: hello, I am having some trouble with the speed of numpy. I'm crunching some numbers (see the attached script) and in total I have 1,000,000 grid points over which I am integrating. I'm doing a bunch of adding, mulitply, divide, powers, etc, but in total there are 1,000,000 points to do these operations over and it really shouldn't take this long... as far as I know. my last simulation took about 8+ hours. What might I be doing wrong in my code to cause this to be so slow? big thanks!! I don't have time to analyze all your code but I'll point out that it is repeating some calculations many times. Example: x_coord[ii])**2.0 y_coord[jj])**2.0 are calculated every time GetPressure is called. I suggest you calculate these one time outside any loops and pass the result into GetPressure. Inside GetPressure: 1j*w_mn*rho exp(1j*k_mn*r)*dx*dy/(2.0*pi*r are repeatedly calculated inside the for loop. Move them out of the loop. Then look for other loop invariants. sin(n[mode_n]*pi*(L/2.0+x_coord[i]))*sin(m[mode_m]*pi*(W/2.0+y_coord[j])) is another place to look. Also, if you are serious about SciPy, NumPy, etc, be sure to visit http://scipy.org/, *and* check into the mailing lists there. That's not just for your benefit; if there are problems with SciPy, the people at that list will want to know about them. [snip] Dave -- Dave Kuhlman http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Fwd: Difference between popens
2006/6/9, Bernard Lebel [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Hi,I'd like to know what are the differences at the various os.popenXflavors. I read the documentation and I can see they return fileobjects. so what can you do with these file objects? I mean, why would you need a set of file objects rather than another?Sorry the difference is very not clear to me.ThanksBernard___Tutor maillist- Tutor@python.orghttp://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutorHello,The common idea behind the various popen implementation is to provide the creation of pipes.A pipe is a flavor of a file object.A pipe serves the job to address data from a process to another,but what if sometimes you want to execute a commandout of the parent process on a child process?You should be able to issue the command,catch the result and even to know which way the thing has ended,at times. If you are familiar with the concept of 'streams',the input,output and error stream are the resource of communication provided by Unix to handle these tasks,respectively.Nevertheless ,at times you don't need to gather data from all the streams,but just to control two of them out of three,for example.The reason could be that of sparing system resources,time or just that you don't need or want to.popen2 ,popen3 and popen4 are designed to catch exactly the streams you want to control.So:popen2:returns the file objects corresponding to the child stdin and stdout;popen3:returns the file objects corresponding to the child stdin,stdout and stderr;popen4:returns the file objects corresponding to the child stdout and stderr ( together as a single object) and stdin.The file objects,you see,are what you normally make use to manipulate data within processes. They are memory structures which assume peculiar names based on their type : Queues,Semaphores,Pipes and so on...And they can persist a) in the scope of a process b) of a machine session c) on the filesystem (the strongest kind of persistence). Choosing the right one for each task a matter depending on what you want to do with them.I recognize I'm not being exhaustive but hope that helps.Cheers,Ivan ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] An Introduction and a question (continuing)
On Fri, 2006-06-09 at 16:28 -0500, Michael Sullivan wrote: OK. I've got it working this far. Now I want the script to generate eight pieces, each with a random colour. Here's my current code: #!/usr/bin/env python import random import time import math class LinePuzzlePiece: This class defines a single playing piece for LinePuzzle def __init__(self): random.seed(time) The seed allows you to reuse a particular set of random numbers - which can be highly useful in testing so that successive runs use the same numbers. In general, there is no need to call seed. You are calling seed with the same value every time, a reference to the time module. You really wanted: random.seed(time.time()) I'd recommend simply deleting the call to random.seed. If you do find you want to re-use the same set of random numbers, call seed once right after you import random with a known value. If your computer really needs to call seed to randomize effectively, then you can try seeding with time.time(). index = int(math.floor(random.uniform(0, 8))) colorlist = [red, blue, green, yellow, purple, cyan, orange, white] self.color = colorlist[index] def printcolor(self): print self.color piececount = 0 mypiece = [, , , , , , , , ] while (piececount 9): mypiece[piececount] = LinePuzzlePiece() mypiece[piececount].printcolor() piececount += 1 A suggestion: mypieces = [] # pluralize container names piececount = 9 for x in range(piececount): The problem is that while eight pieces are created and assigned a colour, the colour is always the same. I need the colours of the pieces to be in a somewhat random order. What am I doing wrong? ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- Lloyd Kvam Venix Corp ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] An Introduction and a question (continuing)
Michael Sullivan wrote: OK. I've got it working this far. Now I want the script to generate eight pieces, each with a random colour. Here's my current code: #!/usr/bin/env python import random import time import math class LinePuzzlePiece: """This class defines a single playing piece for LinePuzzle""" def __init__(self): random.seed(time) index = int(math.floor(random.uniform(0, 8))) colorlist = ["red", "blue", "green", "yellow", "purple", "cyan", "orange", "white"] self.color = colorlist[index] def printcolor(self): print self.color piececount = 0 mypiece = ["", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""] while (piececount 9): mypiece[piececount] = LinePuzzlePiece() mypiece[piececount].printcolor() piececount += 1 The problem is that while eight pieces are created and assigned a colour, the colour is always the same. I need the colours of the pieces to be in a somewhat random order. What am I doing wrong? random.seed(time) sets the seed to the same value each time. (You are passing a module object, whose ID becomes the seed). Try random.seed(time.time()). Also you can set the seed once, then let each call to uniform get the next "random" number. Also consider: mypiece = [] for piececount in range(8): mypiece.append(LinePuzzlePiece()) mypiece[piececount].printcolor() -- Bob Gailer 510-978-4454 BroadbandPhoneServiceforlocalandlongdistance$19.95/moplus1moFree ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] XML: Expletive Deleted
I realize XML is going to save us all from something or other, but I just can't get my head around it. I have been trying to do what should be a very simple action: Extract values from element tags. I first grab my data from a website with httplib: connection = httplib.HTTPSConnection(serverUrl) connection.request(POST, serverDir, buildRequestXml(ReturnAll, 1), buildHttpHeaders()) response = connection.getresponse() from xml.dom.minidom import parse, parseString data = ""> connection.close() response = parseString(data) itemIDs = response.getElementsByTagName(ItemID) response.unlink() I have tried everything I can find to extract the values from the ItemID elements: for item in itemIDs: print item yeilds DOM Element: ItemID at 0x7f532c0c DOM Element: ItemID at 0x7f5400cc DOM Element: ItemID at 0x7f54656c DOM Element: ItemID at 0x7f54ea0c DOM Element: ItemID at 0x7f555eac Okay, no problem. Now all I have to do is figure out which particlular.string.of.words.interconnected.by.periods to pass to extract the values. for item in itemIDs: print item.nodeValue Seems logical: None None None None None Oh for crying out loud ... Hmmm ... I have saved the output from response.read() to a file and sure enough, amid all the other element tags, I find the expected values in ItemID My problem is: I'm ignorant. I don't know whether my data is being returned from parseString() as text, or a list or a beautiful rainbow made of skittles and pixie droppings. The Python/XML howto and the bajillion other XML made clear to YOU! sites I have looked at have left me more confused ... I'm just completely lost in the (apparently arbitrary) nomeclature of lists, nodes, elements, trees, habitrails and intestines. (Yes, I'm just complaining now, but dang it! I'm frustrated! *ahem* Could someone kindly point out where I am going wrong and perhaps send me to a very *practical* introduction to reading data from a dom? Thanks! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Is there a better way to write this function?
This is a second... the first one never hit the list. *shrug* should i be using a different interface to post? is this a gateway to newsgroup?I am writing my first python program(at least in a really long time).
Its purpose is to take csv or pipe delimintaed files and convert them
to html pages. Was going to be excel but its just not worth the
headache. Everyone viewing the reports is doing just that viewing
simple tables.
I need to scan through a list that contains headers to my table.If
one of the elements is a tuple and one of the elements of the tuple is
s set self.sort to the index of the tuple in the header list and then
replace the element in header with a two field tuple containing
everything that was not 's'.
header = ['my first column',('my second num column','s','r'),(' my third num column','r') ]I
pass header to a function actually a method but lets pretend its just a
plain old function. Be careful reading the below code may cause random
strokes. I have woken up twice laying on the floor disoriented :)
Actual code in my working example used to call function ...report.set_header( ['','Ext','Name','',('Calls','r','s'),('Ring','r'),('Talk','r'),('Wait','r'),('Max Talk','r') ] ) def set_header(self,header):
list = [] for cindex in range(len(header)): if type(()) == type(header[cindex]): for index in range(len(header[cindex]) ): if header[cindex][index] == 's':
self.sort = cindex for tindex in range(len(header[cindex])): if tindex != index: list.append(header[cindex][tindex]) header[cindex] = tuple(list)
self.header = header
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Re: [Tutor] Difference between popens
I'd like to know what are the differences at the various os.popenX flavors. I read the documentation and I can see they return file objects. so what can you do with these file objects? I mean, why would you need a set of file objects rather than another? My OS topic covers some of the popen variants with explanation. It might help. Here are the most relevant two paragraphs: -- In fact there are several variations of the popen command called popen, popen2, popen3 and popen4. The numbers refer to the various data stream combinations that are made available. The standard data streams were described in a sidebar in the Talking to the User topic. The basic version of popen simply creates a single data stream where all input/output is sent/received depending on a mode parameter passed to the function. In essence it tries to make executing a command look like using a file object. By contrast, popen2 offers two streams, one for standard output and another for standard input, so we can send data to the process and read the output without closing the process. popen3 provides stderr access in addition to stdin/stdout. Finally there is popen4 that combines stderr and stdout into a single stream which appears very like normal console output. In Python 2.4 all of these popen calls have been superseded by a new Popen class found in a new subprocess module which we will look at later. For now we will only look at the standard os.popen() function, the others I will leave as a research exercise! --- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] XML: Expletive Deleted
from xml.dom.minidom import parse, parseString data = response.read() connection.close() response = parseString(data) itemIDs = response.getElementsByTagName(ItemID) response.unlink() ^ Hi Doug, What's going on here? Why unlink()? Okay, no problem. Now all I have to do is figure out which particlular.string.of.words.interconnected.by.periods to pass to extract the values. for item in itemIDs: print item.nodeValue You may want to look at the minidom example here: http://www.python.org/doc/lib/dom-example.html Does this help? ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Function list that might have a tuple that might have one of its indexs set to 's'
I am writing my first python program(at least in a really long time).
Its purpose is to take csv or pipe delimited files and convert them
to html pages. Was going to be excel but its just not worth the
headache. Everyone viewing the reports is doing just that viewing
simple tables.
I need to scan through a list that contains headers to my table.If
one of the elements is a tuple and one of the elements of the tuple is
s set self.sort to the index of the tuple in the header list and then
replace the element in header with a two field tuple containing
everything that was not 's'.
header = ['my first column',('my second num column','s','r'),(' my third num column','r') ]I
pass header to a function actually a method but lets pretend its just a
plain old function. Be careful reading the below code may cause random
strokes. I have woken up twice laying on the floor disoriented :)
Actual code in my working example used to call function ...report.set_header( ['','Ext','Name','',('Calls','r','s'),('Ring','r'),('Talk','r'),('Wait','r'),('Max Talk','r') ] ) def set_header(self,header):
list = [] for cindex in range(len(header)): if type(()) == type(header[cindex]): for index in range(len(header[cindex]) ): if header[cindex][index] == 's':
self.sort = cindex for tindex in range(len(header[cindex])): if tindex != index: list.append(header[cindex][tindex]) header[cindex] = tuple(list)
self.header = headerTIA,Paul
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