Re: [Tutor] Statistics with python
Hi, I think this makes more sense to me to get the std. I will go with this route since there is a number of age groups and not just 56. Thanks guys for all your help. >>> import numpy >>> ages = [35, 45, 55, 70] >>> numpy.mean(ages) 51.25 >>> numpy.std(ages) 12.93010054098575 On Sun, Oct 14, 2018 at 1:20 PM Oscar Benjamin wrote: > I'm replying back to the tutor list. Can you reply there rather than > directly to me please? > > Also I've moved your response below mine as that is the preferred > style on this list. My answer is below. > > On Sun, 14 Oct 2018 at 16:05, Mariam Haji wrote: > > > > On Sat, Oct 13, 2018 at 10:24 PM Oscar Benjamin < > oscar.j.benja...@gmail.com> wrote: > >> > >> On Sat, 13 Oct 2018 at 11:23, Mariam Haji > wrote: > >> > > >> > Hi guys, > >> > >> Hi Mariam > >> > >> > the question is as: > >> > If a sample of 50 patients is taken from a dataset what is the > probability > >> > that we will get a patient above the age of 56? > >> > >> I can think of several ways of interpreting this: > >> > >> (a): You have a dataset consisting of 50 patients. You want to know > >> the probability that a patient chosen from that sample will be above > >> the age of 56. > >> > >> (b): You have a dataset consisting of 50 patients. You consider it to > >> be representative of a larger population of people. You would like to > >> use your dataset to estimate the probability that a patient chosen > >> from the larger population will be above the age of 56. > >> > >> (c): You have a larger dataset consisting of more than 50 patients. > >> You want to know that probability that a sample of 50 patients chosen > >> from the larger dataset will contain at least (or exactly?) one person > >> above the age of 56. > >> > >> (d): You have a larger dataset, but you will only analyse a sample of > >> 50 patients from it. You want to use statistics on that sample to > >> estimate the probability that a patient chosen from the larger dataset > >> will be above the age of 56. > >> > >> I can list more interpretations but I think it would be better to wait > >> for you to clarify. > > > > My dataset consists of 300+ patients and I want to analyze analyse a > sample of 50 patients from it. > > Yto know the probability that a patient chosen from the larger dataset > > will be above the age of 56. > > Is this a homework problem or an actual problem? > > If I had 300+ patients I would think that the best way to work out the > probability that a patient chosen from those 300+ was over the age of > 56 would be to count how many are over the age of 56. Likewise if I > wanted to estimate how many would be over the age of 56 using a > smaller sample of 50 patients then I would also just count how many > are over the age of 56 in that smaller sample. > > I'm going to guess that this is a homework problem and that you have > been asked to assume that the ages are normally distributed (which > they would not be in reality). > > Your calculation for the standard deviation given in your earlier > email doesn't make any sense. You should calculate this using a > function that calculates the standard deviation. There is one in the > numpy module: > > >>> import numpy > >>> ages = [35, 45, 55, 70] > >>> numpy.mean(ages) > 51.25 > >>> numpy.std(ages) > 12.93010054098575 > > -- > Oscar > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -- *Regards,* *Mariam.* ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] what does the forward slash mean in this function signature?
On Mon, Oct 15, 2018 at 6:00 AM Albert-Jan Roskam
wrote:
>
> In Python 3.6 (Windows) I often see a forward slash in a function signature,
> see below.
> What does it mean? I vaguely remember reading something about new
> possbilities in
> python 3, something like "def foo(x, *, y)". Perhaps it's related to that?
>
> >>> help({}.fromkeys)
> Help on built-in function fromkeys:
>
> fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) method of builtins.type instance
> Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value.
This syntax is for position-only function parameters. It's used by
Argument Clinic [1], a preprocessor used internally to develop
CPython. Position-only parameters have also been proposed for the
language grammar, first in PEP 457 and again in PEP 570 [2].
[1]: https://docs.python.org/3/howto/clinic.html#converting-your-first-function
[2]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0570
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[Tutor] what does the forward slash mean in this function signature?
Hello,
In Python 3.6 (Windows) I often see a forward slash in a function signature,
see below. What does it mean? I vaguely remember reading something about new
possbilities in python 3, something like "def foo(x, *, y)". Perhaps it's
related to that?
>>> help({}.fromkeys)
Help on built-in function fromkeys:
fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) method of builtins.type instance
Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value.
Thanks!
Albert-Jan
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Re: [Tutor] python game error
Alan Gauld via Tutor wrote:
> On 15/10/18 08:57, Peter Otten wrote:
>
>> By the way, you do not need a map (dict) at all to implement a game like
>> this, you may return the next scene directly. A sketch:
>>
>> class Bridge:
>> def enter(self):
>> ...
>> action = ...
>> if action == "jump off the bridge":
>> return Death("You are eaten by the piranhas")
>> else:
>> ...
>
> That was my initial thought when I saw this but thee is one
> caveat. The original design creates a single instance of a
> scene and returns that on each access. The suggestion above
> creates a new instance on every call. So if it is important
> to use the same instance each time then the map is a
> better solution.
>
> (Although you could instead create a class variable holding
> the first instance of itself then use a class constructor
> to either create the instance or access the class variable...)
>
Or, to keep it really simple, return global class instances:
DEATH_BY_TORNADO = Death("The storm swept you off the bridge")
>> class Bridge:
>> def enter(self):
>> ...
>> action = ...
if action == "tornado":
return DEATH_BY_TORNADO
One advantage of both variants is that tools like pylint are likely to catch
spelling errors like the one that prompted the initial question.
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Re: [Tutor] python game error
On 15/10/18 08:57, Peter Otten wrote:
> By the way, you do not need a map (dict) at all to implement a game like
> this, you may return the next scene directly. A sketch:
>
> class Bridge:
> def enter(self):
> ...
> action = ...
> if action == "jump off the bridge":
> return Death("You are eaten by the piranhas")
> else:
> ...
That was my initial thought when I saw this but thee is one
caveat. The original design creates a single instance of a
scene and returns that on each access. The suggestion above
creates a new instance on every call. So if it is important
to use the same instance each time then the map is a
better solution.
(Although you could instead create a class variable holding
the first instance of itself then use a class constructor
to either create the instance or access the class variable...)
--
Alan G
Author of the Learn to Program web site
http://www.alan-g.me.uk/
http://www.amazon.com/author/alan_gauld
Follow my photo-blog on Flickr at:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/alangauldphotos
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Re: [Tutor] python game error
bob gailer wrote:
> Python coding "trick"1
> when I build a map I omit the () after the class e.g. 'death' = Death,
> ... and apply them to the item retrieved from the map.
>
> use a decorator to build the map dictionary:
>
> # the decorator function:
> def add_to_map(cls, map={}): # map is initialized to a {} when function
> is "compiled"
> if cls:
> map[cls.__name__] = cls # add entry to dictionary
> return cls
> else: return map
>
> # apply decorator to class definitions
> # this will add 'Death':
> @add_to_map
> class Death(Scene):
> class_definition
>
> # ditto for all other classes based on Scene - then
>
> class Map:
> scenes = add_to_map() # note when map is called with no arguments
> it returns the dictionary
Hm, you have now replaced the dead simple
> class Map(object):
> scenes = {
> 'central_corridor': CentralCorridor(),
> 'laser_weapon_armory': LaserWeaponArmory(),
> 'the_bridge': TheBridge(),
> 'escape_pod': EscapePod(),
> 'death': Death()
> }
with a class decorator, a dunder name, a mutable default argument -- lots of
clever Python specific stuff that I wouldn't put on a beginner's list of top
priorities.
Don't use unless you spotted at least one bug in the code sample at first
glance :)
By the way, you do not need a map (dict) at all to implement a game like
this, you may return the next scene directly. A sketch:
class Bridge:
def enter(self):
...
action = ...
if action == "jump off the bridge":
return Death("You are eaten by the piranhas")
else:
...
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