Re: [Tutor] In matplotlib, why are there axes classes vs. axes API? Why not list them under one documentation?
Dear all, while MatPlotLib can have a myriad of options -- and that can be really confusing --, there is sample code for almost everything in their site. So, I had a great time playing with it. And from what I remember from visiting their site, there are two versions of many of the resources: one deriived from the Matlab API for plotting -- hence the name --, and one more Pythonic. So, I believe that the good people developing MatPlotLib is already taking care of the clumsiness of the original form of the library, and rephrasing it in good programming style. All the best, Hilton On Sat, Jun 16, 2018 at 11:20 PM, C W wrote: > I have found the matplotlib list. > > Cheers! > > On Sat, Jun 16, 2018 at 7:13 PM, Alan Gauld via Tutor > wrote: > > > On 16/06/18 05:49, Mike C wrote: > > > I can only compare to the R language I've used. If there is an issue, > > > say a function freezes at startup, one user brings it up to the list,> > > when the respective maintainer sees the bug, it is usually addressed > > > > Which is fine if there is a team working onthe project full time > > - as there would be on a commercial project - perhaps by sponsorship. > > But many(most?) open source projects are not sponsored., they are > > a small (often just one or two) individuals working in their spare > > time. > > > > > In terms of funding. Isn't Python heavily used in industry, > > > > Yes and several companies sponsor development of the core > > python language. As such major issues tend to be addressed rapidly. > > But... matplotlib is not part of that core language. > > > > It is a part of ScyPy which is not used by such large > > numbers of industrial companies (and is more directly > > of interest to researchers and academics rather than > > commercial developers - a group best known for lack of > > funds!) and as such is less likely to be responsive, > > especially when the issues are not bugs or functionality > > affecting - they are just usability irritations. > > > > > > -- > > Alan G > > Author of the Learn to Program web site > > http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ > > http://www.amazon.com/author/alan_gauld > > Follow my photo-blog on Flickr at: > > http://www.flickr.com/photos/alangauldphotos > > > > > > ___ > > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] pygame not working
Hello, Quantz Jeremy ! PyGame really has a bad fame with McIntosh computers. Have you tried the how-to in Pygame official site, at https://pygame.org/wiki/macintosh ?? Supposing, of course, that you haven't already installed PyGame with success. All the best, Hilton On Wed, Aug 16, 2017 at 9:13 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote: > Hi Quantz Jeremy, or Ethan, which do you prefer? > > On Wed, Aug 16, 2017 at 10:33:05AM -0600, Quantz Jeremy wrote: > > > I already tried stack overflow, and that didn’t work. > > What did you ask, and what answers did they give that didn't work? Or is > it a secret? :-) > > > > -- > Steve > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] python 3.4 documentation
Hello, Alex ! I believe that maybe in the page https://docs.python.org/3/download.html you will find what you're looking for. All the best, Hilton On Sun, Jun 14, 2015 at 3:56 PM, Alex Kleider wrote: > I'm using python 3.4 on an ubuntu 14.4 LTS OS and frequently find myself > 'off line'. > I'd like to download the standard library documentation to have at hand on > my hard drive. > I tried > prompt> wget -r https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html > but links appear to be broken. > I'd be grateful for advice as to the way to do this. > Thanks in advance. > Alex > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] how to express shift+enter in python
Dear all, the reading of specific keys is sometimes a necessity. For instance: some text fields will let you insert a newline in the block of text if you press the combination Shift+Enter, while pressing the sole Enter key will cause the whole text to be transmitted. Unfortunately, reading these combinations tend to be specific to the operating system yo use, and are not available to the standard Python library, that AFAIK is more concerned with chars than with keys. In the context of Python, i suppose that TCL/Tk probably has this feature and windowing environments for Python like wxPython, PyGTK, and PyQt. So, dear Ley Yang, would you mind please telling us what's the OS you're using ? Maybe Window ? And please comment more about your programming experience. This list has a specific focus, but the experts here are certainly able to recommend you to another list, if that's the case. I wish a nice week to everybody everywhere. 8-) All the best, Hilton On Sun, Sep 28, 2014 at 9:07 PM, Dave Angel wrote: > lei yang Wrote in message: > > > > > I just use "xlwt" lib to newline in one cell, I find it display with one > line > > in windows but works in linux, so I guess it maybe"shift+enter" to > newline > > Xlwt isn't in the Python stdlib, so some other forum is probably > preferable to tutor. > > Just how are you "newlining"? Can you post some example code? > > "It" displays with one line in Windows. Using what command, > TYPE? If you're using a particular program, such as Lotus 123, > you should specifit. Likewise in Linux, you might be using Open > Office, or Libre Office Calc, or ... > > I can't see what relevancy a keystroke combination has when you're > presumably writing a spreadsheet file with code. You should > probably concentrate on what data in the spreadsheet is > desired. > > -- > DaveA > > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am having difficulty grasping 'generators'
Dear all, i'd like to thank every answer in this list. Alan Gauld is a fine writer of excellent introductory material on Pyton, and so are a few other members of this list. So, it is always enlightening to read what you all write. Keep up the good work. All the best, hilton On Wed, May 28, 2014 at 8:57 AM, Alan Gauld wrote: > On 28/05/14 11:52, Degreat Yartey wrote: > >> This means that '...' should generally contain a manipulator then yield >> generates from where it stopped...*getting it* >> > > > It would help if you deleted the irrelevent bits so we can see > which '...' you mean. > > I'm guessing it was this comment, right at the end, by Danny: > > > We _can_ write a loop to run over such infinite sequences, but we'll >> also have to make sure to stop it manually: it won't exhaust >> otherwise, so doing something like: >> >> # >> for n in onlyEvens(): >> ... >> # >> >> better have something in the "..." that interrupts or returns, or else >> that loop will never end. >> > > > Notice that the ... here is not part of the generator. > So the ... here references to how you process the output of the generator > - the yielded values. So in this example case you'd > have something like > > > # > for n in onlyEvens(): > if n > 1000: break # prevent infinite loop > # now process the evens that we are interested in. > # > > The 'break' could also be a 'return' if the loop were > inside a function. > > And it doesn't have to be a direct value check as shown the > condition could be based on some external condition or even > user input. The important point is to make sure that you > have some way to exit the loop if the generator is infinite. > > hth > -- > Alan G > Author of the Learn to Program web site > http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ > http://www.flickr.com/photos/alangauldphotos > > > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Python Package Diagram
Hi, Bjorm ! It would be cool to have one of these charts for Python. And for every other language, for sure. However, my guess is that for Python it would be much thinner. At least for the common usage. Probably the Qt, Gtk or Django architectures would be that thick. What do the Python gurus think ? All the best, hilton On Wed, Jun 5, 2013 at 11:45 AM, Bjorn Madsen wrote: > Hello Tutor, > On http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/ a pretty chart gives a more or > less misdirecting view of the Java library (I guess the gaps between the > boxes are the security holes). > > *Does something similar exist for Python?* > > Google images turned out with a stack of, well, not so pretty charts... > > Kind regards, > > Bjorn > > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] python on ipad
Hi ! If you don't mind, a non technical recommendation: maybe you should consider a cheaper, low end Android smartphone. An iPad will attract the attention of robbers everywhere: it's small, it's expansive and it's fancy. The training 'Developing Android Apps completely in Python', at https://ep2013.europython.eu/conference/talks/developing-android-apps-completely-in-python seems to be a good starting point on using Python under Android. All the best, hilton On Sun, Mar 10, 2013 at 6:42 PM, Benjamin Fishbein wrote: > Hello. I wrote some python programs for my small business that I run on my > computer...macbook air. I'm planning to backpack around Mexico and perhaps > south america. I'll still be working though. Basically my computer does all > the work, I just need to have internet connections and run the programs, > and periodically click here and there. > I don't want to take my macbook with me because I'd have anxiety that it'd > get stolen and I wouldn't have any fun. > So I'm debating if I should get a cheap computer for a couple hundred > bucks and run the python scripts on it. I think this is possible because I > hear the code is the same whether it's mac or PC or whatever. > Or I might take my ipad with me. Or just run it on my iphone. > Do you know if it's possible to run python scripts on a ipad/iphone, and > if so how to do it? > Thanks, > Ben > > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Detail your problem, privately (was Re: finding a polymer of letters in a string)
Hi, Hs ! I believe that in this list there are people that know a lot about either regular expressions in Python, or about DNA strings. They will be able to give you qualified help about what you are asking, since you provide them enough data. In any case, you can write to me privately if you'd like to teach this General Purpose programmer about DNA strings, i'd happy to learn about them, as well to think about regular expressions in this context. Maybe the two of us can think about an interesting solution for your problem. All the best, Hilton On Thu, Jan 19, 2012 at 4:44 PM, Hs Hs wrote: > Hi Hilton. Thanks for your suggestion. > > > I saw re module. I should have explain a little bit in my message that > patter of polymer is not constant. There could be variety of combinations > given A, T G and C. > it could be AAATAAA, ATATATAT, or GTAGTAGTA or GGGACCCGAAAT etc. > > so I do not know what that pattern would be when I read in a string. I do > not know if regex could solve my kind of problem too. > > Thanks > Hs. > > > > -- > *From:* Hilton Fernandes > *To:* "tutor@python.org" > *Cc:* Hs Hs > *Sent:* Thursday, January 19, 2012 1:39 PM > *Subject:* Re: [Tutor] finding a polymer of letters in a string > > Hi ! > > Have you considered regular expressions in Python ? > > Please take a look at "Regular Expression HOWTO", at > http://docs.python.org/howto/regex.html > > All the best, > Hilton > > On Thu, Jan 19, 2012 at 4:09 PM, Hs Hs wrote: > > Hi: > I am writing to see if I could any help. > I am trying to find if a mutation in gene falls in a polymer region of > DNA. To explain in simplistic terms, > > Given a piece of DNA string, with following characters, I know where > mutation happens. Happens at T (in quotes with spaces.) 3 As before T and > 4 As after T are removed in a disease. > > Given following sequence, I should be able to find if this T is in a > polymer region. such as 'AAA' T '. > > AAATAGCAGAAA 'T' GGATTGGAACTAGGTCAG > > > > I am not sure if there are any methods in python to find these. Do you > think a script has to be written with more logic involving some known > algorithms. > > Please advise. > > thanks > Hs. > > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > > > > -- > (11)8131-5213 > > > > > -- (11)8131-5213 ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] finding a polymer of letters in a string
Hi ! Have you considered regular expressions in Python ? Please take a look at "Regular Expression HOWTO", at http://docs.python.org/howto/regex.html All the best, Hilton On Thu, Jan 19, 2012 at 4:09 PM, Hs Hs wrote: > Hi: > I am writing to see if I could any help. > I am trying to find if a mutation in gene falls in a polymer region of > DNA. To explain in simplistic terms, > > Given a piece of DNA string, with following characters, I know where > mutation happens. Happens at T (in quotes with spaces.) 3 As before T and > 4 As after T are removed in a disease. > > Given following sequence, I should be able to find if this T is in a > polymer region. such as 'AAA' T '. > > AAATAGCAGAAA 'T' GGATTGGAACTAGGTCAG > > > > I am not sure if there are any methods in python to find these. Do you > think a script has to be written with more logic involving some known > algorithms. > > Please advise. > > thanks > Hs. > > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > -- (11)8131-5213 ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] What is `if __name__ == "__main__"` for?
Hi, Ganesh ! An important use of this feature is the so-called modular testing, aka unit testing. I mean: that way you can provide functionality in your module to test it independently of any application it may be contained in. Unit testing in general is easier and quicker to do than to test the whole application in which any given module is contained, along with probably lots of other modules. The Wikipedia article Unit Testing, at https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Unit_testing will make things clear. All the best, hilton On Fri, May 20, 2011 at 8:31 AM, Christian Witts wrote: > On 2011/05/20 01:29 PM, Christian Witts wrote: >> >> On 2011/05/20 01:09 PM, Ganesh Kumar wrote: >>> >>> Hi Gurus, >>> >>> I am new python programming.. I see many programs >>> if __name__ == '__main__': >>> when I check __name__ always eq __main__. >>> what purpose use these structure.. please guide me.. >>> >>> -Ganesh >>> >> >> If you execute the script directly ie. python script.py the __name__ >> will be __main__ but if you import it it's the name of the file. >> >> #first.py >> print __name__ >> >> #second.py >> import first >> >> $ python first.py >> __main__ >> >> $ python second.py >> first >> > > Sorry, forgot to add before sending that the reason I use the `if __name__ > == '__main__'` structure is so that I can have a standalone application that > has it's defined entry point and then if I want to reuse functions in the > application I can import it without having to worry that it will execute the > entire thing. > > -- > Christian Witts > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Python vs. MATLAB
Hi, Hugo ! Never mind that: it is usual that people in lists pay attention to usual posters. Your explanation was clear and straightforward, however it was also short. At least for the time being, i don't need any other document to teach me Python parameter passing semantics. All the best, hilton On Wed, Dec 8, 2010 at 5:04 PM, Hugo Arts wrote: > On Wed, Dec 8, 2010 at 7:52 PM, Hilton Fernandes wrote: >> Hi, Hugo ! >> >> Excellent explanation. Thank you. >> >> All the best, >> hilton >> > > Haha, well, at least someone noticed my explanation. I should probably > refer you to Steven's dissertation of same, though, I think most would > prefer it to mine. > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Python vs. MATLAB
Hi, Hugo !
Excellent explanation. Thank you.
All the best,
hilton
On Mon, Dec 6, 2010 at 5:05 PM, Hugo Arts wrote:
> On Mon, Dec 6, 2010 at 6:09 PM, Joel Schwartz
> wrote:
> > Chris,
> >
> > Can you say more about number (7) in your list? What does "pass by value"
> > mean and what are the alternatives?
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Joel
> >
>
> Generally, pass-by-* refers to how the arguments to functions are treated.
> * In call-by-value, the value of the arguments are copied into the
> function. There is no way to modify variables outside of the function
> since you don't have access to them, only to copies. C uses this,
> among many others:
>
> int a = 5
> void func(int b) { b = 6; }
> func(a);
> a == 5; /* evaluates to true, variable outside function scope remains
> unchanged */
>
> The value b, inside the function, contains a copy of a. So when it is
> modified, the original a remains unchanged.
>
> * in call-by-reference, the function is given implicit *references* to
> its arguments. When modifying the variables inside of the function,
> the variable outside is also changed. you can simulate it in many
> languages by passing an expicit reference rather than an implicit one
> (such as C's pointers):
>
> int a = 5
> void func(int * b) { *b = 6; }
> func(&a);
> a == 6; /* evaluates to true. the function was able to modify a
> variable outside of its scope */
>
> * python uses something that wikipedia calls "call-by-sharing." It is
> not call-by-value, nor is it call-by-reference. It means, in short,
> that while the function has access to the callers, *values*, it does
> NOT have access to the callers *variables*. To demonstrate:
>
> a = []
> def f(b):
>b.append(1)
>b = [2]
> f(a)
> print a # prints "[1]"
>
> As in pass-by-reference, the function f could modify it's callers
> values by appending 1 to the list. However, unlike *real*
> pass-by-reference, when trying to *re-assign* the variable into
> something entirely different, there was no effect (a did not become
> equal to [2]).
>
>
> Many people call python pass-by-reference, even though this is
> technically incorrect. The difference comes from the semantics of
> variables and values. In languages such as C, a variable is an area of
> memory that contains something. An assignment then, copies the value
> on the right into the variable (memory) on the left.
>
> python doesn't have variables, but names. a name is essentially itself
> a reference to some *object* that lives somewhere in memory. An
> assignment is something completely different in this context, it
> merely sets the reference (variable) on the left to *point to* the
> object on the right. So, when evaluating function arguments, names
> inside the function are set to point to the *objects* supplied as
> arguments, (not to names!). Since we don't have access to the caller's
> names, python is not a true pass-by-reference language.
>
> for more on why python is neither call-by-value nor call-by-reference:
> http://effbot.org/zone/call-by-object.htm
>
> for more on python's variable semantics and how it differs from
> languages like C:
>
> http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html#other-languages-have-variables
>
> Hugo
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Re: [Tutor] WRITING XLS FROM OS.WALK()
Hi !
Being Python as rich in libraries, probably there's already a library
to create .XLS files.
Before finding that, you can try the CSV format: simply put a comma to
separate any fields you want in your values.
And of course, a comma will finish your line.
That way, Excel or any other spreadsheet program will understand what
you want them to understand.
All the best,
hilton
On Fri, Oct 8, 2010 at 6:08 PM, Walter Prins wrote:
>
>
> On 8 October 2010 20:34, Susana Iraiis Delgado Rodriguez
> wrote:
>>
>> Hello members:
>> I developed a Python module to make a list which contains all the files
>> ending with .shp and .dbf extensions, I have solved this already, but now I
>> want to write an excel file from it. The file should show the full path from
>> the found files. This is the code:
>>
>> import os
>> a = open ("directorio.xls","w")
>
>
> Excel (.xls) is not a text format. What you've written opens
> "directorio.xls" as a text file.
>
> If you want to write an Excel format file, have a look at the xlwt (and the
> xlrt for reading) Python modules. See http://www.python-excel.org/
>
> Walter
>
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Re: [Tutor] Structuring a class
inded, a relational database is the best bet here. however, a direct implementation in Python may need less previous knowledge. On Tue, Jun 15, 2010 at 4:44 AM, Alan Gauld wrote: > "Lang Hurst" wrote > >> I'm trying to figure out how to deal with data which will look something >> like: >> >> Student:Bob Hurley >> Credits: >> Algebra C (20P) >> Chapter 1 >> Chapter 2 >> Consumer Math (24G) >> Module 2 >> >> So, I just figured that I would have a couple of nested dictionaries. > > Or 3 classes: Student, Credit, Module > > But classses will be most useful if you are doing a lot of > interaction between the students or calculations based on the credits. > > As Bob suggested, if you mainly just want to add/delete/modify > and report on the data a database is a better bet. > > You mght still create a Student class to structure the data > coming back from the database but the other classes will > probably be overkill and your double dict will be as effective. > > HTH, > > -- > Alan Gauld > Author of the Learn to Program web site > http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ > > > ___ > Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Better construct?
Alan, GW-Basic supported that, but it was not common programming use. :) I've learned programming using Algol (parent of Pascal) and people used to frown at my insistence in using WHILE/WEND Thanks, Hilton On Mon, Jun 14, 2010 at 8:30 PM, Alan Gauld wrote: > > "Advertising Department" wrote > >> repeat WHILE >> is exactly what I needed. >> >> I got BASIC stuck in my head. GOTO line# YUCK! > > BASIC has a WHILE/WEND construct too :-) > Even GW Basic supported that. > > Alan G. > > ___ > Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
