Re: [Tutor] Python Challenge Online - 30 Questions

[Tim Golden]

On 01/03/2018 14:36, Julien Carlier wrote:

Hi Tim,

I didn't send this message to several groups. I sended this message to 
20 people from the same group.


I will take care to choose relevant groups.

What is considered good form?

Regards,

Julien


Replied off-list

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Python Challenge Online - 30 Questions

[Tim Golden]

On 01/03/2018 13:36, Julien Carlier wrote:

Cisco & Dimension Data organize a Python Challenge on EDITx. It is a good
way to test your skills & have fun.


[... snip ...]

You've just cross-posted this to several Python mailing lists / 
newsgroups, some of them certainly irrelevant. This is not considered 
good form.


TJG
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[Tutor] Problem in python online class

[Tim Cordsen via Tutor]

Hello everybody,
I am doing a python online class and I am lost. The "teacher" is a little
chaotic and doesn't provide his code, so everyone must type on their own.

Now the class reached a point where I am lost. It is about doing a simple
web frontend with a form and saving the data of the form to mongodb.

I have the form, but can't see the result in the console. Also there is
nothing in mongodb after submitting.

Is anybody willing to check my code and tell me where is my mistake?

I am quite new to python, but not new to programming. I am
mainframe-Cobol-programmer, so the basics of programming are known by me.

Thank you in advance,

Kind regards,

Tim
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Re: [Tutor] Difference between %f and %F string formatting?

[Tim Peters]

[boB Stepp , on %i/%d and %f/%F]
> Hmm.  I'm surprised this slight distinction was worth keeping two
> format codes that otherwise do the same thing.  Is there an actual
> need for these due to Python being implemented behind the scenes in C?

The implementation is irrelevant to this.  What is relevant:  Python
took its format-string semantics from C.  Because of that alone, any
deviation from what the C docs say has to have very strong
justification.  "It's just like C" saves us from needing to write our
own mountains of tutorials and reference material.   The C world -
which has way more people and money supporting it - did that for us.

Recall that I answered your original question by pointing to an
article on the web about how this stuff works in C ;-)
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Re: [Tutor] Difference between %f and %F string formatting?

[Tim Peters]

[boB Stepp ]
> My Google-fu must be weak tonight.

Look here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printf_format_string

>  I cannot find any discernible
> difference between '%f' %  and '%F' %
> .  Is there any or do they duplicate
> functionality?  If the latter, why are there two ways of doing the
> same thing?

They differ only in the capitalization of the strings produced for
NaNs and infinities (math.nan and math.inf in Python 3).

>>> "%f" % math.nan
nan'
>>> "%F" % math.nan
NAN'
>>> "%f" % math.inf
inf'
>>> "%F" % math.inf
INF'


> I had a similar question for %d and %i, but googling suggests these
> are inherited from differences in handling input in the C language,
> though I could not locate a Python example where there is a need for
> one or the other.  Are there any relevant Python examples?

No difference for output in Python or in C.  Python inherited its
format codes from C, and so that's why Python allows both:  just
because C does.
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Re: [Tutor] Resources/Books for teaching OOP in Python and Tkinter

[Tim Golden]

On 19/02/2017 16:34, Marie Shaw via Tutor wrote:

I am a teacher of 16-18 year olds. Since September, my classes have
been learning to program in Python, using all of the basics in
console mode. I now need to teach them OOP using Python, and GUI
programming using Python. Please could someone one point me in the
direction of a good book, or some good teaching resources. I already
have Python for the Absolute Beginner, by Michael Dawson, and Python
in Easy Steps, by Michael McGrath. I like these books and have
covered the relevant chapters in them. However, I need to learn
more.


Have you tried the Computing At School forums, Marie? (I assume you're 
UK-based from your address and the fact that you're teaching Python in 
Years 11-13). There are quite a few resources there already, but you can 
always start a thread in, eg, the Secondary Education forum.


Here are a couple of links, but you'll need to have registered with CaS 
to view them.


http://community.computingatschool.org.uk/search/resources?action=search=search=tkinter=%E2%9C%93

http://community.computingatschool.org.uk/forums/23

Also, see GUI Zero by a former teacher who now works with the RPi 
Foundation:


https://codeboom.wordpress.com/2017/01/07/gui-zero-making-python-guis-really-simple/

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Resending question with smaller file

[Tim Golden]

On 13/02/2017 16:06, Lisa Hasler Waters wrote:

Hello Python Tutor,

We are trying to use the random function in the Tkinter module in
PyCharmEDU 3.5. (on Macs running 10.11.6). However, we get a number of
error messages:

Here's the code:

from tkinter import *
import random
tk = Tk()

canvas = Canvas(tk, width=400, height=400)
canvas.pack()


def random_randrange(height):
pass


def random_randrange(width):
pass


def random_rectangle(width, height):
x1 = random_randrange(width)
y1 = random_randrange(height)
x2 = x1 + random.randrange(width)
y2 = y1 + random.randrange(height)
canvas.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2)
random_rectangle(400, 400)

tk.mainloop()

Here are the error messages:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/lwaters/PycharmProjects/tkinternew/rectangles.py", line
2, in 
import random
  File "/Users/lwaters/PycharmProjects/tkinternew/random.py", line 17,
in 
randomRects(100)
  File "/Users/lwaters/PycharmProjects/tkinternew/random.py", line 10,
in randomRects
x1 = random.randrange(150)
AttributeError: module 'random' has no attribute 'randrange'


You've called your own module "random.py"; call it something else

TJG

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Re: [Tutor] Program won't print out in Windows 10

[Tim Golden]

On 24/07/2016 16:38, Ken G. wrote:

While the following program prints out fine using

Python 2.7.6 in Ubuntu 14.04.4 as developed using

Geany 1.23.1, same program won't print out to printer

under Windows 10 Pro (64 bit). Geany uses there is

version 1.28 using Python 2.7.12. I can use CTRL-P

to print out the listing.



Thanking you readers in advance in resolving this non

Windows printing issue.


Rather: user believing that what works under Linux will work under 
Windows issue :)


You might find this page helpful:

http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/print.html

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Urgent: unicode problems writing CSV file

[Tim Golden]

On 08/06/2016 14:54, Alex Hall wrote:
> All,
> I'm working on a project that writes CSV files, and I have to get it done
> very soon. I've done this before, but I'm suddenly hitting a problem with
> unicode conversions. I'm trying to write data, but getting the standard
> cannot encode character: ordinal not in range(128)
> 
> I've tried
> str(info).encode("utf8")
> str(info).decode(utf8")
> unicode(info, "utf8")
> csvFile = open("myFile.csv", "wb", encoding="utf-8") #invalid keyword
> argument
> 
> What else can I do? As I said, I really have to get this working soon, but
> I'm stuck on this stupid unicode thing. Any ideas will be great. Thanks.
> 

This is a little tricky. I assume that you're on Python 2.x (since
open() isn't taking an encoding). Deep in the bowels of the CSV module's
C implmentation is code which converts every item in the row it's
receiving to a string. (Essentially does: [str(x) for x in row]). Which
will assume ascii: there's no opportunity to specify an encoding.

For things whose __str__ returns something ascii-ish, that's fine. But
if your data does or is likely to contain non-ascii data, you'll need to
preprocess it. How you do it, and how general-purpose that approach is
will depend on your data. For the purposes of discussion, let's assume
your data looks like this:

unicode, int, int

Then your encoder could do this:

def encoder_of_rows(row):
  return [row[0].encode("utf-8"), str(row[1]), str(row[2])]

and your csv processor could do this:

rows = [...]
with open("filename.csv", "wb") as f:
  writer = csv.writer(f)
  writer.writerows([encoder_of_rows(row) for row in rows])


but if could be more (or less) complex than that depending on your data
and how much you know about it.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Curses Module

[Tim Golden]

On 15/05/2016 22:45, Rosen, Brian - 2016 wrote:
> To Whom it May Concern,
> 
> 
> I am a high school student currently enrolled in an Intro to Computer
> Programming Class. In my current assignment, I would like to import
> the curses module into either Python 2.7 or Python 3.4. However,
> whenever I attempt to import it, there is an Import Error that states
> "No module named '_curses'.

Assuming you're  on Windows, you'll need to download a 3rd party curses
module, such as:

http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#curses

and install it via pip.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] using a for loop in another method

[Tim Golden]

On 22/04/2016 17:08, Rene.Castillo wrote:

Hi, this is my first post on this mailing list-

I wanted to ask about this type of execution in python,

expected output-
reverse_words("This is an example!") # returns  "sihT si na !elpmaxe"


below is my execution, followed by another persons execution, which i dont
completely understand.

def reverse_words(strng):
   strng = strng[::-1].split(' ')
   strng.reverse()
   return ' '.join(strng)


def reverse_words(s)
 return ' '.join(s[::-1] for s in str.split(' '))



how can a for loop be called within another method like that- and possibly
what situations does this benefit
i don't even know how to google this sort of thing
any words are appreciated-


It's tricky, isn't it? Once I give you the magic phrase, you'll find 
examples and explanations all over the place:


  list comprehension

(strictly, the example you're showing is a "generator comprehension" but 
you'll probably get more hits for the slightly older "list comprehension").


TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Help with python

[Tim Golden]

On 19/04/2016 10:03, Alan Gauld wrote:

However, for now, you probably want to use IDLE which should
come with Python. (It is sometimes called Python GUI on
Windows too.)

You should find it under Python in your All Programs view.


In any recent version of Windows (ie Vista & later) the most common way 
to find a program is to press the "Start" button or the "Windows" key 
and just start typing its name -- ie rather than actually navigating 
through a cascade of menus. (I think on other systems this is called a 
"Finder" or "Launcher" or something).


In this particular case, pressing "Start/Windows" and typing "IDLE" 
gives -- in my case -- several options, including 3.4 64-bit etc. 
Hopefully, for the OP, there will be just one.


The same for the getting a command prompt up: press "Start/Windows" and 
type "Command". Obviously it will depend on what's installed but for me 
the "Command Prompt" icon is the top of the resulting search list.


Hope that helps people who are not used to (recent) Windows and are 
trying to advise novice users.


TJG
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Re: [Tutor] PLEASE I NEED HELP URGENTLY

[Tim Golden]

On 13/01/2016 20:51, Tim Golden wrote:

Speaking as the list moderator in question over there: if I might
moderate Mark's well-known zeal...


(Absolutely no pun intended!)

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] PLEASE I NEED HELP URGENTLY

[Tim Golden]

On 13/01/2016 20:44, Mark Lawrence wrote:

On 13/01/2016 18:13, Alan Gauld wrote:

On 13/01/16 17:53, Mark Lawrence wrote:


This is beyond a joke.  The main mailing list is all ready being
moderated because of the constant messages asking for help on this
presumably homework question. Can these be stopped at source here
please?


I'm not sure we should. This is the kind of thing tutor is
here for. The poster has provided his code and the error
and is puzzled by a very common beginners issue - the
use of dunder methods.

It seems like a legitimate tutor post.
I fully understand the main list not wanting to take them
but this feels like the right place, as far as I can tell.



Quoting the main Python list


On 13/01/2016 05:57, ifeanyioprah--- via Python-list wrote:

[... snip yet another homework dump with one more still held in
moderation ...]

At this point you're basically spamming this list. I won't allow any
more of your posts through unless they appear to be engaging with the
help shown to you (and others?) over the last few days.

TJG


What do you want, blood?



Speaking as the list moderator in question over there: if I might 
moderate Mark's well-known zeal...


What started as a somewhat naive but fairly typical request for 
coursework-style help turned into an untenable situation with the OP (or 
apparently several OPs, some or all possibly sock-puppets) repeating 
variants on the same question or simple pleas for help again and again 
without apparently engaging with any of the help they were receiving.


What you choose to do on the Tutor list is entirely up to you. For now, 
on the main python-list, I've held the most egregious email address 
offenders for moderation.


TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Question about the memory manager

[Tim Peters]

[Albert-Jan Roskam ]
> I just found a neat trick to free up an emergency stash of memory in
> a funtion that overrides sys.excepthook. The rationale is that all
> exceptions, including MemoryErrors will be logged.
> The code is below. My question: is that memory *guaranteed* to be
> freed right after the 'del' statement? Or should one call gc.collect to
> be really sure?
>
> rainydayfund = [[] for x in xrange(16*1024)] # or however much you need
> def handle_exception(e):
> global rainydayfund
> del rainydayfund
> ... etc, etc ...
> http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1235349/python-how-can-i-handle-any-unhandled-exception-in-an-alternative-way

This works fine in all versions of CPython (the C implementation of
Python distributed by python.org) to date.  That's because:

1. All versions of CPython rely primarily on reference counting (`gc`
is only needed to reclaim garbage containing reference cycles).  An
object is released immediately when its reference count falls to 0.

2. There is only one reference to the big list there (via the global
`raindydayfund`), so the memory becomes garbage immediately upon
executing the `del`.

3. Similarly, that giant list holds the only references to the masses
of distinct empty lists it contains, so they also become garbage
immediately upon the giant list becoming garbage.

4. CPython doesn't happen to stick garbage lists in, e.g., some
internal free list reusable only for new list objects - it actually
releases the memory for garbage lists.  Kinda ;-)

#2 and #3 are necessarily true.  #1 is true in CPython, but not in all
implementations of Python.

#4 is where things _might_ change even in CPython, but it's very
unlikely to change.  As is, it would take a small book to flesh out
what "Kinda ;-)" means, exactly.  Memory management is complex, with
many layers, involving many details.

If you can live with all that, I'd suggest a more straightforward way
of setting it up, like:

rainydayfund  = b"x" * N

where `N` is the number of bytes you want to reserve.  That is, create
a giant bytestring containing the number of "emergency bytes" you
need.  If N is large enough, that will avoid CPython's "small object
allocator" and CPython's "arena allocator", getting the memory
directly from (and returning the memory directly to) the OS.  The
fewer layers that get involved, the fewer layers that _may_ surprise
you by changing behavior in the future.
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Re: [Tutor] indent error on if/elif/else

[Tim Golden]

On 10/09/2015 16:38, richard kappler wrote:
> Here's my code, no tabs were used, all whitespace verified made with
> spacebar:
> 
> print("Please enter a number for feed speed...")
> print("1 - Batch")
> print("2 - 2 per second")
> print("3 - Real Time")
> print("4 - Exit")
> 
> if x == ord('1'):
> delay = 0
> elif x == ord('2'):
> delay = 0.5
> elif x == ord('3'):
> # set delay real time
> # read timestamp from line, create an offset
> # send lin iaw server time with offset
> else:
> print("bad choice, exiting")
> os.exit()
> 
> #
> 
> Here's the Traceback:
> 
>   File "dataFeedTest.py", line 44
> else:
>^
> IndentationError: expected an indented block
> 
> 
> Not a clue why it's doing this. Any help?

Because the comments don't qualify as a statement. You need to have at
least a "pass" in there.

TJG

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[Tutor] testing, please disregard

[Tim Johnson]

I have had some problems with another python.org ML.
I am sending this to see if it is received.
Please disregard.
thanks
-- 
Tim 
http://www.akwebsoft.com, http://www.tj49.com
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Re: [Tutor] Functional Programming in Python

[Tim Johnson]

* WolfRage wolfrage8...@gmail.com [150402 11:45]:
 On 04/02/2015 03:08 PM, Tim Johnson wrote:
 SNIP
You have already received valuable replies from two advanced
python experts.
If you are looking for a book (available digitally for kindle)
I would recommend
Guide To: Functional Python  Comprehension Constructs
  by Matt Harrison
 Thanks I will look into this book. I have been reading a lot of articles 
 on the topic lately.
  Harrison really focuses on List Comprehension as the idiomatic
  pythonist approach. He's very clear and concise as this eternal
  noob can readily understand him. I hope you find it edifying.

-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com, http://www.tj49.com
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Re: [Tutor] Functional Programming in Python

[Tim Johnson]

* WolfRage wolfrage8...@gmail.com [150402 08:25]:
 These are just some questions that I have regarding the topic of 
 Functional Programming. I am working towards a more functional approach 
 to programming but acknowledge that it is far from Functional, 
 especially since this is mostly impossible in Python.
 Questions:
 What are the best practices to create more Functional Python?
 What are your thoughts on Functional in Python?
 Currently I am re-writing functions to reduce their side effects.
 I am also removing the state from objects and putting it into a closure 
 type function.
 However with callback based systems (GUI) this seemed impossible, so 
 instead I am abusing a coroutine to maintain the state of the application.
 But is it abuse or does it seem like a good way to handle the callback 
 system? The benefit to me at this time is limited, but any errors in 
 state are confined to a single location, which is nice.
 What do you think about using a coroutine to handle state, how would you 
 do it better in a callback based system.
 Thank you for your insights.
  You have already received valuable replies from two advanced
  python experts. 
  If you are looking for a book (available digitally for kindle)
  I would recommend 
  Guide To: Functional Python  Comprehension Constructs 
by Matt Harrison
-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com, http://www.tj49.com
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Re: [Tutor] Tutor Digest, Vol 132, Issue 51

[Tim Johnson]

Hi Guys,
Very simple question, I imagine.

this code throws of off a counter not defined error.
Can you help?

*def word_counter(word, string):*
*counter = 0*
*for item in string:*
*if item == word:*
*counter = counter + 1*
*print counter*


Thanks,
Tim

--

Tim Johnson

pavemen...@gmail.com
c. (267) 630-0369 (text is okay)
f.  (267) 352-6298

On Sat, Feb 21, 2015 at 5:00 AM, tutor-requ...@python.org wrote:

 Send Tutor mailing list submissions to
 tutor@python.org

 To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
 https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
 or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
 tutor-requ...@python.org

 You can reach the person managing the list at
 tutor-ow...@python.org

 When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
 than Re: Contents of Tutor digest...


 Today's Topics:

1. Re: updating a dictionary (Chris Stinemetz)
2. Re: updating a dictionary (Danny Yoo)
3. Re: subprocess outputing wrong info to command line
   (Steven D'Aprano)


 --

 Message: 1
 Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2015 17:47:29 -0600
 From: Chris Stinemetz chrisstinem...@gmail.com
 To: Mark Lawrence breamore...@yahoo.co.uk
 Cc: tutor@python.org
 Subject: Re: [Tutor] updating a dictionary
 Message-ID:
 
 ca+hbpzjje-qztvl0hdrt_umatam7c8fwswhkod6gweetvfm...@mail.gmail.com
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

 On Fri, Feb 20, 2015 at 4:51 PM, Mark Lawrence breamore...@yahoo.co.uk
 wrote:

  On 20/02/2015 17:56, Chris Stinemetz wrote:
 
  Please don't top post as it makes long threads difficult if not
 impossible
  to follow, thanks.
 
   I am getting closer. I think I have figured out the logic. I just have a
  quick question. How do you access key:values in a nested dictionary?
 
  MOL02997_C': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': '0', '9': '0'}]}
 
 
 
  say I want to access the key:value 8:0
 
  print dict['MOL02997_C']['8'] doesn't seem to work.
 
 
  doesn't seem to work doesn't tell us much, so normally you would post
  your code and the full traceback that you get.  However what you have
 seems
  to be a dictionary that you've called dict, hence overriding the Python
  built-in name.  This isn't illegal but it's certainly frowned upon.  For
  the key 'MOL02997_C' you have a list which holds one dict which contains
 a
  value '8' amongst others.  Hence:-
 
   mystruct = {'MOL02997_C': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': '0', '9': '0'}]}
   mystruct
  {'MOL02997_C': [{'7': '0', '8': '0', '2': '0', '9': '0'}]}
   mystruct['MOL02997_C']
  [{'7': '0', '8': '0', '2': '0', '9': '0'}]
   mystruct['MOL02997_C'][0]
  {'7': '0', '8': '0', '2': '0', '9': '0'}
   mystruct['MOL02997_C'][0]['8']
  '0'
 
  Got that?
 
 
 
 ?
 Thank you Mark.

 I understand what you are explaining to me but I am not sure why every
 instance of the key 8:value changes when I assign a new value to it.

 I am expecting only vals['KSL04523_A'][0]['8'] value to change to 55.55 but
 as you can see bellow all rows in the dictionary are changes for key 8:

 Thank you in advance

  vals['KSL04523_A']
 [{'7': '0', '9': '0', '8': '0', '2': '0'}]
  vals['KSL04523_A'][0]
 {'7': '0', '9': '0', '8': '0', '2': '0'}


  vals['KSL04523_A'][0]['8']
 '0'


  vals['KSL04523_A'][0]['8'] = 55.55
  pprint.pprint(vals)
 {'CELL_': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04514_B': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04514_C': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04515_A': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04515_B': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04515_C': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04516_A': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04516_B': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04516_C': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04517_A': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04517_B': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04517_C': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04519_A': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04519_B': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04519_C': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04520_A': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04520_B': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04520_C': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04521_A': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04521_B': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04521_C': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}],
  'KSL04523_A': [{'2': '0', '7': '0', '8': 55.55, '9': '0'}]}?


 --

 Message: 2
 Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2015 17:43:23 -0800
 From: Danny Yoo d...@hashcollision.org
 To: Chris Stinemetz chrisstinem...@gmail.com
 Cc: Mark Lawrence breamore...@yahoo.co.uk, Python Tutor Mailing

Re: [Tutor] Real world experience

[Tim Krupinski]

Probably off-topic for the list but i'll let some of the others weigh in on
that.  This is more for help with the python language itself.

But i'll weigh in.  Programming is difficult work.  It's definitely a
profitable career.  Its hard to say how much you'll make since it varies
depending on location, but in general a combination of experience and your
ability to solve difficult problems and provide solutions consistently
command higher salaries.  However, many companies wont even consider you
without a degree, or *a significant *contribution to the industry.

If you want to pursue a career in IT, you need to finish high school.  You
would be wise to get a degree.

My $0.02.

Tim


On Sun, May 11, 2014 at 7:12 PM, C Smith illusiontechniq...@gmail.comwrote:

 I have never known anyone that works in this industry. I got one job
 transforming xml (should have used xslt, ended up using sed and python
 regex scripts) where the guy asked me how much I wanted and I threw
 200 bucks out there because I could get a room for two weeks at that
 cost. He just laughed and handed me the money. That is the only
 professional experience I have and no formal education whatsoever
 (some high school). I have been doing online stuff and hit a wall in a
 'design of computer programs' class on udacity. I made it about
 halfway through but started back at square one to sharpen my skills
 before trying to come at it again from a different angle. I started to
 feel overwhelmed when trying to basically recode regex (functions for
 '*' and '.' for instance) in python and make an api to interact easily
 with the text parser.

 I am still completely in the dark about what level of difficulty I
 would be facing in the professional world.
 If this is difficult at all for me, is there hope to think about
 making money in this field?
 I am pretty persistent and can keep up a level of work if I am not
 even close yet, but I don't know if I am a year off or 10 years off.
 Are basic scripting skills employable at even a very low rate (10
 bucks an hour)?
 What level of experience are the people at who make 100k a year?
 Sorry if this is off-topic for the list, but I am trying to get past a
 psychological hurdle or two before reapplying myself and hopefully it
 would be valuable to others as well.
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Re: [Tutor] how do i delete the questions that i asked and it has been shared in web

[Tim Krupinski]

No.

On Wed, Mar 12, 2014 at 1:33 PM, S Tareq stare...@yahoo.com wrote:
 so you can't delete the question that i have asked long time ago


 On Wednesday, 12 March 2014, 18:03, Zachary Ware
 zachary.ware+py...@gmail.com wrote:
 On Wed, Mar 12, 2014 at 12:46 PM, S Tareq stare...@yahoo.com wrote:

 this one  http://code.activestate.com/lists/python-tutor/99408/

 and there are other ones as well


 This is a mailing list.  Once an email is sent, you can't unsend it.

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Re: [Tutor] educational

[Tim Golden]

On 09/03/2014 17:06, Alan Gauld wrote:

On 09/03/14 10:37, Peter Otten wrote:


In this case, I'm fairly sure the line producing this error is::

 image = Image.open(logo.jpg)

And Python is correct, the ‘Image’ type has no ‘open’ attribute. What


There are a few things around called `Image`. The code the OP is
trying to
adapt probably uses the Image from the PIL:



Which may lead to another issue since the OP is using Python 3.4.

Is PIL available for any Python 3.x yet?
And especially for 3.4?



Pillow does seem to (haven't used it myself):

http://pillow.readthedocs.org/en/latest/installation.html

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] sys.path.append import python3 not working

[Tim Golden]

On 05/02/2014 11:46, Ian D wrote:
 Ok even more strangely it is working in the original location.
  
 Am now not 100% sure that I have the folder structure correct.
  
 I will keep a eye on it.

You might want to consider whether your approach is the best. One
usually appends to sys.path when there's something dynamic about the
location of modules (eg for a plugin mechanism). If your library modules
are always in, say, d:/modules then just set up a PYTHONPATH env var
with that in it; or use a .pth file in your python directory. I do the
latter, altho' it's frowned upon by some for reasons I've never entirely
understood.

TJG

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Re: [Tutor] sys.path.append import python3 not working

[Tim Golden]

On 05/02/2014 11:58, Oscar Benjamin wrote:
 Another option is to place it in site-packages. If you don't want to
 use the system site packages you can always use the one in your user
 directory. In my case on Ubuntu that's in
 ~/.local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/

Good point: I always forget the user-specific site-package. Since the OP
is on Windows... on my (Windows 7) box it's:

  %APPDATA%\Python\Python33\site-packages

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] sys.path.append import python3 not working

[Tim Golden]

On 05/02/2014 11:55, Ian D wrote:
 The network dictates that it is the only way I can really do it as I
 cannot edit any files directly. I have to append the path on the fly

Ok; just wanted to make sure you weren't making life more difficult for
yourself than needs be.

TJG

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Re: [Tutor] my modules idle doesn't list functions python3.3

[Tim Golden]

On 05/02/2014 11:53, Ian D wrote:
 Hi
  
 In Python 2.7
  
 If I create my own modules and call them with
  
 import sys
 sys.path.append(d:\modules)
  
 import myMod
  
 and use tab to autocomplete I get a list functions.
 myMod. if I tab this I get a list of my functions
  
 (This only works if I have  ran program at least once, then it seems to
 have loaded the module and can display its functions)
  
 But if I use Python 3.3
 It does not display the functions using autocomplete
  
 Anyone know if this is fixable?

The default Python interpeter on Windows doesn't come with built-in
autocomplete functionality. You're may be using an IDE or extended
interpreter (including the batteries-included IDLE). Or on 2.7 you've
installed the pyreadline module which I think the IPython project now
maintains. You'd need to install that again for 3.x.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Which computer operating system is best for Python

[Tim Krupinski]

I would agree with David and others.  For programming, a chromebook would
not be a good choice because you can't install any type of development
environment onto the machine itself.  Get something with a big screen and,
preferably a full keyboard - I'm talking full size in the sense that you
have the numeric keypad to the right.  Unless you look a little deeper most
options available will be windows based.  Not a problem - I would recommend
using a piece of software called Virtualbox.  It is freely available and
distributed by Oracle.  It will allow you to install a Linux operating
system on a Virtual machine that runs within windows.  While this may
seem complicated to somebody without experience in this area, there are
great tutorials on this and the process is much more straightforward than
it was just a couple years ago.

The reason I suggest Linux is because a lot of Python is used in it
already.  Once it's installed, you are ready to go.  Also, a lot of
documentation you find on how to set up and configure a Python environment
assumes you are using Linux.  While Windows isn't entirely dissimilar,
there are a few key differences which could make it more frustrating to
navigate for first time users.  Plus, most popular distributions make it *very
*easy to install python addons and libraries.  As an ancillary benefit,
your child will also be learning Linux as he learns to program.


On Wed, Feb 5, 2014 at 6:35 PM, David Abbott da...@pythontoo.com wrote:

 On Wed, Feb 5, 2014 at 7:23 PM, Marc Tompkins marc.tompk...@gmail.com
 wrote:
  On Wed, Feb 5, 2014 at 3:18 PM, Joel Goldstick joel.goldst...@gmail.com
 
  wrote:
 
  I would get a laptop with as large a screen as you can afford. Windows
 or
  Linux.
 
  I second that emotion, and also: try out the keyboard first (or rather,
 have
  your kid try it out).  We spend a lot of time on our laptops, and a
  badly-designed keyboard can ruin an otherwise-great machine.  Yes, you
 can
  plug in an external keyboard, mouse, and monitor, but most of the time
  you're gonna stick with what came in the box.  Make sure you won't hate
 it.

 Linux runs great on older Laptops that were the top of the line in
 their day, two nice examples with great keyboards are dell e6400 and
 ibm T61's. Linux is easy to install and set up now a days :)


 --
 David Abbott
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Re: [Tutor] getUncPath(mappedDrive)

[Tim Golden]

On 29/01/2014 21:58, danz wrote:
 Tim.
 
 I came across your code while searching for a similar need.  Your post was
 the best I could find on the subject.  Perhaps more importantly, you showed
 me that going down the ctypes rabbit hole can be less intimidating than I
 assumed.  Thanks!

[The OP appears to be replying via nabble to a tutor thread from about
18 months ago. I was the person doing most of the talking hence the
reply to me]

 
 My use case was a little different than the original poster's.  I need to
 retrieve the network paths for all of the mapped drives that are currently
 connected.  I chose a different implementation, that seems to work well.  I
 would appreciate any comments you have on this approach.

[... snip subprocess NET USE + splitlines ...]

It's a perfectly reasonable approach. The usual caveats would apply:
that you're at the mercy of layout changes in NET USE and of i18n
changes to the OK text. But both of those are low risk and if it works
for you and you're in control of your environment, then it's fine.

There's something somewhat satisfying in employing the underlying API
for what should be a future-proof solution, but parsing stdout is a
well-established approach as well.

 BTW, Thank you for the information on your website.  Your information and
 pointers to GetDriveType() and GetVolumeInformation() helped me a a lot.

You're welcome. Glad it was useful.


TJG
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Re: [Tutor] getUncPath(mappedDrive)

[Tim Golden]

On 30/01/2014 11:39, Tim Golden wrote:
 On 29/01/2014 21:58, danz wrote:
 Tim.

 I came across your code while searching for a similar need.  Your post was
 the best I could find on the subject.  Perhaps more importantly, you showed
 me that going down the ctypes rabbit hole can be less intimidating than I
 assumed.  Thanks!
 
 [The OP appears to be replying via nabble to a tutor thread from about
 18 months ago. I was the person doing most of the talking hence the
 reply to me]

Just by way of an alternative, the code outlined here:

http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/show_mapped_drives.html

will produce the same effect as your parsing of the net use output.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Fwd: Re: How to post: Was Re: The Charms of Gmail

[Tim Johnson]

* Danny Yoo d...@hashcollision.org [131223 07:48]:
 Would everyone mind dropping this thread, at least for a few days?
 
 As far as I can tell, there's zero Python content in it, so I'm not
 getting much information from it.  More than that, it's affecting my
 morale in a fairly negative manner.  Thanks.
  I've been on this list since 2000 or 2001. This is where I learned
  python and Danny has been one of my mentors. Danny's grace and
  tact should make his behavior a role model for the rest on this
  ML.

  Consider that what is posted to this list is archived and could go
  far to repesent what the poster might be as a prospective employee,
  mate, president, chairman of the Fed or whatever  :)

  I hope that you all have the best holiday season possible and that
  you have a great New Year.
-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com, http://www.tj49.com
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Re: [Tutor] Expenses

[Tim Golden]

On 02/12/2013 14:49, Alan Gauld wrote:
 Is there any point to this random set of data?
 Do you have a question for us?

I assumed it was a mis-posted email that should have gone to some
house-share group email but instead went to python-tutor. The OP's
probably lying low out of embarrassment :)

TJG

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Re: [Tutor] keyboard interrupt

[Tim Golden]

On 17/10/2013 16:36, Bill wrote:
 
 I know, way late to the party...
 
 Did you try Ctrl-Break? In Windows that is usually how you interrupt a
 program...

Take consolation from the fact that your five-month delay in replying
isn't even close to the longest delay I've seen on a Python list.

Someone responded, quite coherently and usefully, to a thread which fell
within my area of competence. But I hadn't seen the original post go
past. I queried the list as to whether there were delivery delays, and
someone pointed out that the answer was responding to a post from some
*six years* previously! (Which I think I'd answered at the time).

TJG


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Re: [Tutor] Which Python should a beginner learn?

[Tim Krupinski]

I think it really depends on why you are learning python.  For me, I'm
using it primarily to supplement my tools as a system engineer.  The
standard version of Python that installs with nearly every server I manage
is 2.7, so I decided to focus on learning 2.7 because I didn't want to be
in a position where I had to install Python 3 onto every server.

Now, it does look like 3 has a lot of additions that help OO type
programming - so if you are learning it to write robust programs 3 might be
the way to go.




On Wed, Oct 2, 2013 at 8:07 PM, Joel Goldstick joel.goldst...@gmail.comwrote:

 On Wed, Oct 2, 2013 at 7:59 PM, Mark Lawrence breamore...@yahoo.co.uk
 wrote:
  On 02/10/2013 19:50, vit...@gmx.com wrote:
 
  Which version of Python should a beginner learn? 2.x or 3.x?
 
 
  Python 3 is the future so learn it unless you want to use a specific
 library
  which hasn't yet been ported.

 While I generally agree with Mark, you might want to consider other
 factors.  Although 3.x has been around a few years, it took a while
 for it to pick up steam with third party modules.  In the last year,
 Django has started to experiment with python 3.x.  The other
 consideration is your learning style.  You can find lots of youtube
 videos, and text tutorials on the web to learn python.  Some will suit
 you, some maybe not.  So that might lead you to start with the python
 that matches the resources you prefer.

 At any rate, if you are just learning programming, what they have in
 common exceeds their differences.

 In the end, though Mark is probably right --  all else being equal
 since some  language issues were revisited and made better in 3.x and
 2.x will eventually become a relic (maybe in 5 or 10 years).
 
  --
  Roses are red,
  Violets are blue,
  Most poems rhyme,
  But this one doesn't.
 
  Mark Lawrence
 
 
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Re: [Tutor] sqlite3 COMMIT directive

[Tim Golden]

On 01/10/2013 09:03, Alan Gauld wrote:
 You don't normally need to use COMMIT when programming SQLite from
 Python, the database starts and ends transactions automatically from
 within the execute() function. You only need to manually commit if you
 manually create the transaction using BEGIN...

Not so, I'm afraid. If you want autocommit, you need to send an
isolation_level of None to the .connect function. If you don't, the
database will rollback any uncommitted transactions on exit.

The code below will only output (1,) as that value was committed. The
later row is lost when the cursor/db closes.

code
import os, sys
import sqlite3

dbname = no-commit.db
if os.path.exists(dbname):
os.unlink(dbname)

db = sqlite3.connect(dbname)
q = db.cursor()
q.execute(CREATE TABLE test(a INT))
q.execute(INSERT INTO test(a) VALUES (1))
db.commit()
q.execute(INSERT INTO test(a) VALUES (2))
q.close()
db.close()

db = sqlite3.connect(dbname)
q = db.cursor()
for row in q.execute(SELECT * FROM test).fetchall():
print(row)
q.close()
db.close()

/code


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Re: [Tutor] sqlite3 COMMIT directive

[Tim Golden]

On 01/10/2013 11:28, Alan Gauld wrote:
 On 01/10/13 09:25, Tim Golden wrote:
 On 01/10/2013 09:03, Alan Gauld wrote:
 You don't normally need to use COMMIT when programming SQLite from
 Python, the database starts and ends transactions automatically from
 within the execute() function.

 Not so, I'm afraid. If you want autocommit, you need to send an
 isolation_level of None to the .connect function.
 
 Hmm, I didn't express that as I should but I was meaning within
 a 'with' block (which the OP was using) based on this comment
 in the docs:
 
 
 Connection objects can be used as context managers that automatically
 commit or rollback transactions. In the event of an exception, the
 transaction is rolled back; otherwise, the transaction is committed:
 
 
 Now I admit I didn't test it but I read that to imply that the with
 would autocommit. Am I mistaken?

You're sort-of correct. What happens is that the database doesn't enter
autocommit mode (you'll still need to specify the right isolation level
on the .connect for that). Rather, the __exit__ method of the
connection-as-context-manager issues the db.commit() call which will
commit anything outstanding.

TJG

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Re: [Tutor] sqlite3 COMMIT directive

[Tim Golden]

On 01/10/2013 11:41, Tim Golden wrote:
 You're sort-of correct. What happens is that the database doesn't enter
 autocommit mode (you'll still need to specify the right isolation level
 on the .connect for that). Rather, the __exit__ method of the
 connection-as-context-manager issues the db.commit() call which will
 commit anything outstanding.

Re-reading, we may be using the term autocommit in two different ways.

I'm using it to refer to a database-internal option where each SQL
operation is committed as soon as it completes. This mode of operation
is initiated (from Python) by passing an isolation_level of None when
creating the connection.

The with sqlite3.connect... approach could be considered a
Python-level autocommit where all the operations within the block are
committed by virtue of the Python context-manager mechanism which
invokes the usual database COMMIT operation on exit.

In case it helps...

TJG
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[Tutor] a little loop

[Tim Hanson]

Okay, so I made it to FOR loops in the Lutz book.  A couple of days ago I was 
helped here with the .join method for creating strings from lists or tuples of 
strings.  I got to wondering if I could just, for the sake of learning, do the 
same thing in a FOR loop, since that's today's chapter:

x=0; ham=''; b=['s','p','a','m'] #or, b=('s','p','a','m')
for t in b:
ham=ham+b[x]
print(ham);x+=1


s
sp
spa
spam

Alright, it works, eventually.  Can someone help me find a little more elegant 
way of doing this?  I'm sure there are several.

Incidentally, I put the print statement within the FOR loop so I could watch 
progress.
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[Tutor] making a string

[Tim Hanson]

I'm new to this, just getting through the first Mark Lutz book.  

If I start out with :

ham=list('spam');ham
['s','p','a','m']

How do I get a string back?
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Re: [Tutor] making a string

[Tim Hanson]

On Saturday, May 25, 2013 08:31:49 pm Martin A. Brown wrote:
 Greetings Tim,
 
  : I'm new to this, just getting through the first Mark Lutz book.
 
 Python objects, either variables your ham below or the string 'spam'
 you entered manually have a specific type.  Each and every variable
 or object has a type.
 
 I think you are trying to figure out how you started with a string
 that looked like 'spam' (and Python calls a type 'str') and end up
 with something that looks like:
 
['s','p','a','m']
 
 Well, I would encourage you to play with everything at the Python
 prompt.  You should be able to enter a tête-à-tête with Python as
 follows.  This is what I see when I type 'python' and get an
 interactive console:
 
   Python 2.7.2 (default, Aug 19 2011, 20:41:43) [GCC] on linux2
   Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
 
 
 Then, I can start playing with variables, strings, lists and all the
 other things that Mark Lutz may mention.
 
 Here's what I actually typed and what Python told me:
spam = 'spam'
type(spam)
 
   type 'str'
 
ham = list(spam)
type(ham)
 
   type 'list'
 
viking = ''.join(ham)
viking
 
   'spam'
 
type(viking)
 
   type 'str'
 
 So, the point I'm trying to make here is that you did quite a bit
 
 in just one line, by calling:
ham=list('spam');ham
 
 Consider playing a bit with the interpreter.
 
  : ham=list('spam');ham
  : ['s','p','a','m']
  : 
  : How do I get a string back?
 
 I will now try to annotate my session above, so that you can maybe
 see how I was able to get a string.
 
spam = 'spam'  # -- variable spam now contains string 'spam'
type(spam)
 
   type 'str'   # -- and Python tells me it's a string
 
ham = list(spam)   # -- I'm running your command
type(ham)
 
   type 'list'  # -- Wait, what!?  It's a list?!  Oh.  Yeah.
 
viking = ''.join(ham)  # -- create a string of the list elements
viking
 
   'spam'
 
type(viking)   # -- ah, here's our string!
 
   type 'str'
 
 Try out the .join(ham) trick with other strings.  For
 
 example...what happens when you try these yourself:
ham = list('spam')
'-'.join(ham)
':'.join(ham)
'B'.join(ham)
''.join(ham)
 
 Hopefully, you see that there's no magic here at all--just that
 you have learned how create a string with all of the elements in a
 list.  Try something else for your amusement, as well...
 
' '.join(list('frobnitz'))
 
 Does that make sense?  Welcome to Python, and Mark Lutz has been
 writing books on Python for almost as long as Python has been
 around.  So, good luck and ask questions here.  There's quite a
 group here willing to help.
 
 -Martin
The answer was to include ''.join(ham), as in making it a string method 
instead of a function, which doesn't exist.  Thanks!

For me, picking up Python is a retirement project, so no shortage of time to 
learn.

A lot of people tend to be intimidated by Mark Lutz, and so am I, I guess.  
There are a lot of books out there that will get one up and running more 
quickly, but I get the feeling his is _complete_ instruction, not something 
just slopped through.  Learning Python has taken a long time.  I'm not sure 
how I'll be able to get through Programming...  You'll probably see me on 
the Core list next year sometime.
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Re: [Tutor] making a string

[Tim Hanson]

On Saturday, May 25, 2013 09:10:00 pm Jim Mooney wrote:
 On 25 May 2013 20:49, Tim Hanson tjhan...@yahoo.com wrote:
  A lot of people tend to be intimidated by Mark Lutz, and so am I, I
  guess.
 
 Interesting coincidence. This is a retirement project and I just
 decided on the Lutz book, which looked comprehensive, since the book
 I'm using is more CompSci but PyDeficient. However, the 4th edition I
 of Lutz that I got only goes up to Py 2.6.
 
 As a general question - is there any Big difference between 2.6 and
 2.7 (the Py version I'm using) that I should look out for so I don't
 get tripped up?
 
 Jim Mooney

Don't know.  I'm reading the Kindle version that covers 3.0; before that I was 
playing with 2.6.  Ubuntu had 3.1 in the repository, so I downloaded that, and 
that's what I'm using.
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Re: [Tutor] hard time importing a module

[Tim Golden]

On 19/04/2013 16:39, eryksun wrote:
 On Fri, Apr 19, 2013 at 11:12 AM, Oscar Benjamin
 oscar.j.benja...@gmail.com wrote:
 Did these files also come with a file called setup.py?

 Normally, a Python module is not installed by manually copying the
 files to the appropriate places but by running 'python setup.py
 install' in the terminal. This will compile any C code and copy files
 to the appropriate places. Note that you will need to have separately
 installed a C compiler to be able to compile C code.
 
 I think this is the SendKeys module in question:
 
 http://web.archive.org/web/20121002234104/http://www.rutherfurd.net/python/sendkeys
 
 You can get the zipped source from archive.org above, along with
 binaries for 2.1-2.6. The source  has a setup.py, but as Oscar said
 already you'll need a C compiler. You can use Visual Studio 2008 to
 compile it for 2.6/2.7. There are direct links for VS 2008 Express
 edition (free as in beer) in this SO answer:

As usual, the excellent  Christoph Gohlke has provided binaries for a
range of targets:

  http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] hard time importing a module

[Tim Golden]

On 19/04/2013 17:12, eryksun wrote:
 On Fri, Apr 19, 2013 at 11:52 AM, Tim Golden m...@timgolden.me.uk wrote:
 As usual, the excellent  Christoph Gohlke has provided binaries for a
 range of targets:

   http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/
 
 Maybe you missed the link at the end of my link fest:
 
 http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#sendkeys
 

Whoops. Quite right. Still, better twice than not at all ;)

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Need help on win32 application error

[Tim Golden]

On 02/04/2013 19:19, ankesh.pra...@cognizant.com wrote:

 I am facing folowing erro while executing python code:
 Win32 exception occurred releasing IUnknown at 0x03210eb8


You need to give us a bit more of a clue as to what your code does. My 
guess is that you're using the pywin32 packages and, possibly, the MAPI 
COM interface? That occasionally throws up that sort of exception. 
Assuming I'm right, you're better off asking on the python-win32 mailing 
list, ideally with a reproducible code sample.


TJG
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Re: [Tutor] There's a Programmer in Me

[Tim Golden]

On 26/02/2013 13:54, Mark Lawrence wrote:
 On 26/02/2013 13:02, Khalid Al-Ghamdi wrote:
 Hi All,

 I'm not a programmer by profession, but I want to learn python. I've got
 lots of Ideas that want to realize, but I always run into these
 stupid hiccups where I follow the tutorials and something stupid
 (known/unkown) is causing things not to work ... frustration ensues...

 After more than 2 years (on and off) I've got the basics down and
 have written some scripts, but I want some place online where a live
 person can tutor me to the next level. Any good suggestions?

 As always, many thanks for your great advice.

 
 http://pythonmentors.com/
 

Umm. No. Sorry, Mark, but that site and the core-mentorship list it
advertises are intended for progammers who want to be helped in the
development *of* Python, not development *in* Python. Ie, otherwise
experienced programmers who are unfamiliar with the Python codebase.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] ImportError

[Tim Golden]

On 31/07/2012 15:32, Tino Dai wrote:
 Hi All,
 
I have been banging my head against a wall trying to figure it
 out. I'm getting a ImportError on a 
 class that I know exists. I'm wondering if there is some dark corner of
 the import mechanism that

Try running python with the -v parameter: and then from etl.transfers
import eastern. That will at least confirm the file which Python is
reading for the import.

TJG

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Re: [Tutor] Opening filenames with unicode characters

[Tim Golden]

On 28/06/2012 18:19, James Chapman wrote:

Hi there python list.

I'm trying to open a text file named This is_a-test'FILE to Ensure$
that£ stuff^ works.txt (without the quotes) but I'm struggling to
find a way to open it.


Happily, you're using Windows, which makes this very much easier.

Short Explanation

Do this: open (ublah £3.50.txt).read () # note the u- prefix

Long Explanation:

There's way too many levels of indirection between you and the
disk to go into it all, but basically you're telling Python to
create a (byte) string from those characters using its default
encoding for code, which is UTF-8. UTF-8 maps £ to the
one-byte 0x9c. Somewhere in the layers between that string and
the representation on disk, a mismatch occurs.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Opening filenames with unicode characters

[Tim Golden]

On 28/06/2012 20:48, James Chapman wrote:

The name of the file I'm trying to open comes from a UTF-16 encoded
text file, I'm then using regex to extract the string (filename) I
need to open.



OK. Let's focus on that. For the moment -- although it might
well be very relevant -- I'm going to ignore the regex side
of things. It's always trying to portray things like this
because there's such confusion between what characters I
write to represent the data and the data represented by those
characters themselves!

OK, let's adopt a convention whereby I represent the data as
they kind of thing you'd see in a hex editor. This obviously
isn't how it appear in a a text file but hopefully it'll be
clear what's going on.

I have a filename £10.txt -- that is the characters:

POUND SIGN
DIGIT ONE
DIGIT ZERO
FULL STOP
LATIN SMALL LETTER T
LATIN SMALL LETTER X
LATIN SMALL LETTER T

I have -- prior to your getting there -- placed this in a text
file which I guarantee is UTF16-encoded. For the purposes of
illustration I shall do that in Python code here:

code
with open (filedata.dat, wb) as f:
  f.write (u£10.txt.encode (utf16))

/code

The file is named filedata.dat and looks like this (per our convention):

ff fe a3 00 31 00 30 00 2e 00 74 00 78 00 74 00

I now want to read the contents of the that file as a
filename and open the file in question. Here goes:

code
#
# Open the file and extract the data as a set of
# bytes into a Python (byte) string.
#
with open(filedata.dat, rb) as f:
  data = f.read()

#
# Convert the data into a unicode object by decoding
# the UTF16 bytes
#
filename = data.decode(utf16)

# filename is now a unicode object which, depending on
# what your console offers, will either display as
# £10.txt or as \xa310.txt or as something else.

#
# Open that file by passing the unicode object directly
# to Python's file-opening mechanism
#
ten_pound_txt = open (filename, rb)
print ten_pound_txt.read () # whatever
ten_pound_txt.close ()

/code

I don't know if that makes anything clearer for you, but at
least it gives you something to try out.

The business with the regex clouds the issue: regex can play
a little awkwardly with Unicode, so you'd have to show some
code if you need help there.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Writing to Windows 64-bit event log

[Tim Golden]

On 19/06/2012 06:37, Johan Geldenhuys wrote:
 I've looked all over, but couldn't find any help as far as an API goes
 to log to a 64-bit Windows7 machine event log.

There are functions available in the pywin32 package under
the  win32evtlog module. I have wrapped some of them in my
winsys package. Some examples here:

  http://winsys.readthedocs.org/en/latest/cookbook/event_logs.html

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Opensource projects / Subversion

[Tim Golden]

On 08/04/2012 16:07, Steven D'Aprano wrote:

mjole...@gmail.com wrote:

Hey everyone,

I finally made my way into working on Opensource projects. I installed
tortoisesvn. I included command line tools when running the installer.
However when I invoke svn at command line, I get the following error:

svn: command not found

It seems like svn isn't installed, but again, I had the installer
include command line tools.
Please help.


Does this have anything to do with learning Python? What's tortoisesvn?
Since you're having a problem with that, shouldn't you be asking on a
tortoisesvn mailing list?


As Steven points out, this is more to do with installing particular
development tools that with learning Python. However...

TortoiseSVN is a popular Windows Shell extension offering easy
access to Subversion via Windows Explorer. Although its
installers have, for a long time, only offered Shell (in the
Windows sense) access to the Subversion functions, more recent
installers have offered to install the commandline svn tools as well.

Since I have the commandline tools already installed, I've
never actually selected this option when upgrading to newer
versions. So what I don't know is whether they also add a
suitable directory to the PATH environment variable. But, given
the message you're getting, I imagine they don't.

I suspect that they would install to somewhere like:

  %PROGRAMFILES%\TortoiseSvn\bin

You can confirm that by cut-and-pasting that into your Start  Run
menu or into an Explorer address bar and seeing if it comes up
with a directory or not. If not, you'll have to scout around in
likely places to see where it *has* installed svn.exe and its
friends. Once you find them, add that directory to the PATH via:

  Control Panel  System  Advanced  Environment Variables

depending somewhat on what setup you're running. And then try again
at the command prompt with svn.

Alternatively, don't bother with the command prompt; just use
TortoiseSvn natively, so to speak.

TJG
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[Tutor] __class__.__name__ for literal integer causes SyntaxError

[Tim Johnson]

See the following console session:
 4.6.__class__.__name__
'float'
 6.__class__.__name__
  File stdin, line 1
6.__class__.__name__
  ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
 x = 6
 x.__class__.__name__
'int'
 me.__class__.__name__
'str'
I note that the reference to '__class__.__name__' for string and
float literals is executed, but that there is a SyntaxError for that
same reference of a 'int' literal.

I'd welcome comments, explanations or URLs to discussions.
thanks
-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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[Tutor] What to call a string with embedded descriptor?

[Tim Johnson]

This is kind of a theoretical question. I.E. I am looking for a
keyword to do research on.
Consider the following string:

'3:2,6:2,4:3,5:0|age50height63nametimvalue'

If the string above is split on the first occurance of '|',
the result is a 'leftmost' component which can be decomposed into a
nested list of integers which can then be used to parse the
'rightmost' string into a dictionary.

What would be a generic term or a pythonist term for such a string?

Thanks
-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] What to call a string with embedded descriptor?

[Tim Johnson]

* Emile van Sebille em...@fenx.com [120330 12:21]:
 If the string above is split on the first occurance of '|',
 the result is a 'leftmost' component which can be decomposed into a
 nested list of integers which can then be used to parse the
 'rightmost' string into a dictionary.
 
 What would be a generic term or a pythonist term for such a string?
 
 
 I've called them formatted or structured -- you could also say 
 proprietary I imagine.  I'm not aware if there's a formal name...
  Back in the day when I worked in C and did a bit of reconstructing
  proprietory database schemes in legacy systems, it was common for
  a binary file to start with a map which defined how to search
  the subsequent content. I never did know if there was a formal
  terminology for such a setup. I guess there isn't.

  Thanks for the reply.
-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Permissions Error

[Tim Golden]

On 27/03/2012 05:00, Michael Lewis wrote:

Traceback (most recent call last):
   File C:\Python27\Utilities\copyfiles.py, line 47, in module
 copyfiles(srcdir, dstdir)
   File C:\Python27\Utilities\copyfiles.py, line 42, in copyfiles
 shutil.copy(srcfile, dstfile)
   File C:\Python27\lib\shutil.py, line 116, in copy
 copyfile(src, dst)
   File C:\Python27\lib\shutil.py, line 81, in copyfile
 with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'C:\\Users\\Chief
Ninja\\Pictures\\testdir'


It's not 100% clear what's going on, but it looks as though
you've passed along paths whicih result in shutil trying
to open a *directory* for reading -- which it won't be able
to do. (It is, in fact, possible to get a file handle to a directory
on Windows but you don't want to do that and shutil doesn't
know how).



I've noticed that the code runs if I use shutil.copyfiles instead of
shutil.copy. Do you know why?


Assuming my premise above, it would be because it special-cases
directories passed as parameter. (I haven't actually looked at
the code to check).

With this kind of problem the most helpful thing you can do for
yourself -- and for us if you can't resolve it yourself -- is
to pull yourself out of the depths of your copy/copyfiles
architecture and to try to do a simple:

open (c:/path/to/file.txt, rb)

If that succeeds then obviuosly there's no permissions issue as
such. If it fails (with an access error) then we're onto something.
If it succeeds then, probably your more complex copyfiles code
is doing something you don't think it's doing. Start chucking
out print () statements or logging or something so you know
*exactly* where the paths are pointing to which you're passing
into the shutil or other stdlib functions.

Hopefully all this will make it clearer what's going on. Full marks
for posting your code -- that does help. But you'll do better if
you post a *minimal* code example, and preferably a self-complete
one.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] getUncPath(mappedDrive)

[Tim Golden]

On 25/03/2012 09:12, Albert-Jan Roskam wrote:

Thank you so much for this! I think this would also be a valuable
addition to os.path (where I'd expect it to be).
You call WNetGetConnection twice: one time with a 'dummy' string
buffer, and one time with a buffer of the exact required length. If
I'd run a function getUncPath() on a gazillion paths, wouldn't it be
more effcient to hard-code the length to 2048 as you suggest in your
comment?


The fail-and-resize-the-buffer dance is fairly common on
Windows. The advantage of the technique is that
it will cope with any path length. If you hardcode to 2048
(or whatever length) then the time will come when you'll
encounter a longer path and then you'll have to rewrite your
code with 4096 or 8192 etc. Obviously, if you have control
over all the paths you're interested in, and you know that
they can't grow beyond MAXLEN characters, then by all means
use MAXLEN as the buffer size and shorten your code.

In terms of efficiency, I imagine you'd have to run the function
on an unusually high number of paths -- and you've only got
26 possible drive letters in the first place -- so it looks
to me like a premature optimisation!

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] getUncPath(mappedDrive)

[Tim Golden]

On 24/03/2012 20:13, Albert-Jan Roskam wrote:

Hi,

Is there a function that takes a file path with a mapped drive
(z:\blah) and returns the associated UNC path
(\\server\share\ding\dang\dong\blah)? I looked in os.path, but it
doesn't seem to have this. The link below seems to be a solution
(code in the bottom of the page), but I can't install win32com.client
in the office :-( Is there any built-in function?

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2244767/python-check-network-map


There's nothing built-in. The easiest function to emulate
through ctypes is probably WNetGetConnection:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa385453%28v=vs.85%29.aspx

(this is available from pywin32 via the win32wnet package
but I assume you can't install that either)

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] getUncPath(mappedDrive)

[Tim Golden]

On 24/03/2012 21:29, Albert-Jan Roskam wrote:

Thanks! This seems a feasible approach. I have found this Python
project that exposes some of the functions of mpr.dll:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wnetconnect/ WNetGetConnection is
not among the functions, but the code will help. I have to read up
on ctypes.Structure though as I never really understood this.


This particular function call doesn't require too much work
in fact. Something like the following code -- error-handling
mostly omitted -- should do the trick:

code
import ctypes
#
# Get the ANSI version of the function from its DLL
#
WNetGetConnection = ctypes.windll.mpr.WNetGetConnectionA

ERROR_MORE_DATA = 234

#
# Set up the drive name to map back from
# and an empty buffer with zero length.
#
local_name = Z:
length = ctypes.c_long (0)
remote_name = ctypes.create_string_buffer ()

#
# Call the function, expecting to receive an ERROR_MORE_DATA
# result, which indicates that the buffer is too small and
# which populates the length field with the right length.
#
result = WNetGetConnection (
  local_name,
  remote_name,
  ctypes.byref (length)
)
#
# Assuming we did get that error, recreate the buffer and
# call again with the supplied length. This isn't strictly
# necessary (you could probably get away with hard-coding
# 2048 or whatever) but it does save you having to guess.
#
if result == ERROR_MORE_DATA:
  remote_name = ctypes.create_string_buffer (length.value)
  result = WNetGetConnection (
local_name,
remote_name,
ctypes.byref (length)
  )

#
# If the result of either call was an error, raise an Exception
#
if result != 0:
  raise RuntimeError (Error %d % result)

print Remote name is, remote_name.value

/code

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Which computer operating system is best for Python developers?

[Tim Golden]

On 23/02/2012 09:00, Alan Gauld wrote:

By no means, one of Pythons strengths is that the same code can run on
many OS. But as Steven has mentioned many developers use Linux because
GNU/Linux is designed as a developer's OS and comes with oodles of
tools. Most of those are available for Windows too but you have to go
find them, download them and install them.



One thing:
If you do a reinstall, download the ActiveState version rather
than the Python.org version. Active state tweak their Windows
version of Python to include a bunch of extra goodies for Windows
programmers.



Just seconding both of Alan's points here. I have been fruitfully
using Python on Windows for more than 12 years now and I am one of
the very few core developers who works in Windows (although sadly
lacking the time at the moment to contribute much). I develop
Python-based websites which run unaltered on my Win7 laptop, my
WinXP desktop, and whatever flavour of Linux my hosting provider
is using. (It could be RedHat or CentOS but I don't care because
it just works). You need to do a very small bit of initial
assumption-bashing to ensure that things will work across platforms,
but once that's done you never have to change anything again.

I also recommend the ActiveState distro. It sets Python up on the
PATH and adds pip in the right places. Both of those are easy
enough to do for yourself, but it's nice to have it done for
you.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] how to find index of list with its value

[Tim Golden]

On 08/12/2011 15:28, surya k wrote:


Well, we all know to know the value when we have the index of a list.
But how can we find it in the reverse way... say a listl=[1,2,3,4]
l[0]=1.but how can I find its address with its value 1 ??


help ([])

...
 index(...)
 L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) - integer -- return first index 
of value.

 Raises ValueError if the value is not present.


TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Handling a Unicode Return using Pyodbc

[Tim Golden]

On 14/11/2011 21:43, Tony Pelletier wrote:

Good Afternoon,

I'm writing a program that is essentially connecting to MS SQL Server
and dumping all the contents of the tables to separate csv's.  I'm
almost complete, but now I'm running into a Unicode issue and I'm not
sure how to resolve it.

I have a ridiculous amount of tables but I managed to figure out it was
my Contact and a contact named Robert Bock.  Here's what I caught.

(127, None, u'Robert', None, u'B\xf6ck', 'uCompany Name', None, 1, 0,
327, 0)

The u'B\xf6ck' is actually Böck.  Notice the ö

My problem is I'm not really sure how to handle it and whether or not
it's failing on the query or the insert to the csv.  The Exception is:

'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xf6' in position 1: ordinal not
in range(128)


Thanks for producing a thinned-down example. If I may take this at
face value, I assume you're doing something like this:

code
import csv

#
# Obviously from database, but for testing...
#
data = [
  (127, None, u'Robert', None, u'B\xf6ck', 'uCompany Name', None, 1, 0, 
327, 0),

]

with open (temp.csv, wb) as f:
  writer = csv.writer (f)
  writer.writerows (data)

/code

which gives the error you describe.

In short, the csv module in Python 2.x (not sure about 3.x) is 
unicode-unaware. You're passing it a unicode object and it's got no way 
of knowing what codec to use to encode it. So it doesn't try to guess: 
it just uses the default (ascii) and fails.


And this is where it gets just a little bit messy. Depending on how much 
control you have over your data and how important the unicodeiness of it 
is, you need to encode things explicitly before they get to the csv module.


One (brute force) option is this:

code snippet
def encoded (iterable_of_stuff):
  return tuple (
(i.encode (utf8) if isinstance (i, unicode) else i)
  for i in iterable_of_stuff
  )

#
# ... other code
#
writer.writerows ([encoded (row) for row in data])

/code snippet

This will encode anything unicode as utf8 and leave everything else 
untouched. It will slow down your csv generation, but that might well 
not matter (especially if you're basically IO-bound).


TJG
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[Tutor] Fwd: Re: [python-win32] Handling a Unicode Return using Pyodbc

[Tim Golden]

[cc-ing back to the *correct* list in case other readers find it
helpful...]

On 15/11/2011 15:16, Tony Pelletier wrote:

Thanks, Tim!

This is working brilliantly Slow, but working..:)  I can go from
here and see if there's a way to speed it up.


Well you've got a few options, although an amount depends on how
much control you have over your data and how well you can predict.

One option is to encode at SQL Server level: CAST your NVARCHAR to
VARCHAR as part of the your query, eg:

SELECT
  contacts.id,
  name = CAST (
contacts.name COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS AS
  VARCHAR (200)
  )
FROM
  contacts


This will bring the text in as bytes encoded Latin1 which you
can then write directly to the csv without the encoder. Without
having tested this, I imagine it would be faster than encoding
blindly at the Python end since it'll happen lower down the stack
and you're pinpointing the data rather than running through all
the columns on the offchance of finding one which is unicode.

An alternative is to arrange something equivalent at the Python
end -- ie have specific encoders for different rows which can
target the specific columns which are known to be NVARCHAR.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] GNU Emacs and Python

[Tim Johnson]

* Alexander Etter rhettna...@gmail.com [01 03:36]:
 
 Rinu, I use emacs. I use Python and C++. I'm also a university
 student. Last semester I learned python 2.7 using IDLE, and
 continued with IDLE while I searched for alternatives over the
 summer. I didn't find what I was looking for. Say, just a few
 weeks ago I started my C++ course and switched to emacs since the
 professor was using it. I tried it, read the easy to understand
 documentation, and I am so productive, jubilant, and satisfied
 with GNU Emacs. It's extensible beyond immediate comprehension;
 like a sunflower it starts as a seed, sprouts leaves, etc; I'm
 elaborating the infinite usability of emacs. 

  My niece graduated in Computer Science at UC Berkeley. I believe
  that emacs was the default programming editor in many of her
  classes. Elisp  employs docstrings for subroutines, constants and
  variables. Emacs has a system of extracting those docstrings,
  which makes any 'plugins' self documenting. I'm sure that these
  features make emacs very attractive for team work, regardless of
  the environment whether academic or professional.

 There is a learning curve. One may find a learning curve with
 everything in existence, whereas I repudiate one discouraging
 another for the aforementioned. 
  Yup. Bigtime.

 Those who desire the power of emacs seek it. 
 Tim, do you use GNU Emacs?
  I did use GNU emacs. I also used Xemacs, but prefered GNU Emacs.

 From what literature I've encountered including a wikipedia page I
 believe there is a satiric starwars-like cold-war feud between
 users of vi and emacs. 
  A feud for those who have nothing better to do. The acrimony
  around the 'fork' of Xemacs is greater and more serious.
  
  I believe that there are 'plugins' that can make emacs easier to
  use for the beginner. There are also a number of emacs 'Cheat Sheets'
  available, perhaps even with the distro.

  There is a physical Reference Card available here:
  http://shop.fsf.org/product/emacs-reference-cards-v-22/
  I highly recommend it.
  cheers
-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Tutor Digest, Vol 92, Issue 123

[Tim Johnson]

* Rinu Boney rinu.mat...@gmail.com [111031 07:03]:
 I Use Windows.I Already Know C/C++ which makes python syntax seem very easy.
 Maybe Setting Up Emacs With Python Will Make Me Productive.
 I Have Eclipse With PyDev.
 Why Is There Not A Pythonic Emacs?
  Rinu, by this time I believe that Alan has addressed your question
  above. He has also (wisely) provided caveats regarding the
  difficulty of learning emacs itself. 

  I'll take a reverse of Alan's comments, not to contradict him, but
  to give a possible different perspective:

  If you learn to use emacs with python, you will essentially be
  learning *two* programming languages: Python _and_ elisp, which is
  the internal programming language of emacs. Emacs is essentially
  an elisp interpreter. There may be advantages to learning two
  languages simultaneously. 

  This will take time. A lot of time. Do you have the time? Will you
  be compensated for the time? :) having two additional programming
  languages under your belt may be considered compensation.

  In case you do not know this: Emacs has the ability to run the
  python or language-your-choice interpreter asynchronous within the
  editor, in it's own window. There could be great advantages to
  this. I have in the past, written elisp code that allows me two
  write code in one window and have it evaluated in the 'python
  window' or 'language-of-your-choice window'.

  I'll reiterate what I said earlier, I no longer use emacs, but
  have great respect for it. I use vim linked against the python
  binary so that I can use python code to enhance my (hand-rolled)
  IDE. grin I much prefer python code to elisp code.

  I hope my comments are of some help. I'm sure that you have been
  well informed as to what you would be getting youself into. :)
  regards
-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Setting Up Emacs

[Tim Johnson]

* Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info [111030 07:40]:
 Rinu Boney wrote:
 I am New To Python.
 I Would Like To Setup Emacs As A Python IDE.
 I Don't Know Anything About Emacs!
 
 If you don't know anything about emacs, and you don't know anything 
 about Python, why do you want to make things ten times more difficult by 
 learning a new language AND the most heavyweight, complex editor at the 
 same time?
 
 I recommend you use a more friendly editor. You haven't mentioned what 
 operating system you are using. If you are using Linux with the KDE 
 desktop, I recommend you use a good, modern GUI editor like Kate as your 
 editor. Other people might prefer different editors, but I've come to 
 like Kate the best.

  I've used emacs extensively in the past and now use vim.  They are
  both rewarding to use, but to support Steven, it could be a
  nightmare for Rinu to to learn both python and emacs or vim. 
  
  I believe that idle is part of the python distro on both linux and
  darwin (Mac OSX). That is worth consideration, I would think.
  
  If Rinu is on windows, there is pythonwin and there is an
  extremely good, well supported and easy-to-learn shareware editor
  called Boxer. I would recommend either to any programmer in a
  windows environment.

 Personally, I recommend against IDEs. I find that they are 
 over-complicated and get in the way. I've seen too many people 
 struggling because their IDE changes the way their code works. I 
 recommend you keep your code open in an editor, an interactive session 
 open in a good xterm, and a second xterm tab open for running your 
 script. That's my preference.

  Yeah. What he said. 

-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Setting Up Emacs

[Tim Johnson]

* Alan Gauld alan.ga...@btinternet.com [111030 09:26]:
 On 30/10/11 13:23, Rinu Boney wrote:
 I am New To Python.
 
 Welcome to the group.
 Do you know any other languages or are you new to programming
 as well?
 
 I Would Like To Setup Emacs As A Python IDE.
 I Don't Know Anything About Emacs!
 
 If you are on a Mac you can use the Apple XDeveloper
 tools (XCode etc) or install Eclipse.
 If you are not a died in the wool IDE user then try something
 simpler like IDLE or Pythonwin for Windows (But the fact you
 even mention Emacs suggests you are not using Windows)

  IDLE came pre-installed on my mac. I believe that I had to add it
  on my ubuntu PC.

-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] a quick Q: how to use for loop to read a series of files with .doc end

[Tim Golden]

On 29/09/2011 15:22, lina wrote:

I want to read a bunch of *.doc file in present working directory,

how can I use for to read one by one and do further work,

sorry,

what's the best reference webpage I can use?

I googled, lots of distracting info, and I barely can understand how
they think.


Try these:

http://docs.python.org/library/glob.html

http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/glob/index.html

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Mac IDE

[Tim Johnson]

* Wayne Werner waynejwer...@gmail.com [110929 03:52]:
 
 My personal favorite?
 
 Two terminal windows - one with Vim, editing my Python scripts, and another
 with an interactive interpreter. Since you can map keys in Vim, I have F5
 mapped to save and run current file. If you're in the habit of editing
 multiple files you could set it up to map F5 to ask which file you want to
 set as your main .py file. And since you mentioned debug, I usually just use
 pdb if I need debugging. You could easily map a key such as F9 to insert a
 new line and type 'pdb.set_trace()'. Vim has a fairly steep learning curve,
 but if you spend 30 minutes with the vimtutor you'll be fine. With newer
 versions of Vim you can also write plugins for them in Python.
 I'll second that. Vim (not vi - more on that later) is my IDE. I
 have customized it using vimscript and what I have is as feature -
 rich as any out-of-the-box IDE - but with differences.

 Of course these capabilities (and many many more) are available with Emacs.

  I used Emacs extensively in the past. Vim is my preference, but
  emacs has a feature that is not present (yet) in vim : the ability
  to run interpreters - as an example the terminal shell and the
  python - asynchronously inside of the application.  This is a very
  handy feature, eliminating the second application window.

 I personally recommend that you learn one (or both) of these editors. They
 will highly improve the speed at which you are able to edit your code.
  I would not wish vim or emacs on anyone who doesn't wish to use
  them. But for someone with an open mind, some points :
  . 'vim' is not 'vi', but is 'descended from' vi.
  . There is 'vim' - teminal mode and 'gvim' - vim with gui.
I use vim as my default midnight command editor, gvim as my
'IDE'
  . Emacs can be run in terminal mode also, with greater speed, but
less features.
  . There are 'easy' modes available for both, enabling a new user to
find themselves in a more familiar environment.
  . The python interpreter can be compiled into vim. On ubuntu it is
the default. This gives the user the ability to customize vim
using python code.
  . Some call emacs and vim 'arcane'. Some ridicule vim's 'modal'
style of editing. Neither are arcane, they are very up to date
and are a parallel way of doing things.
vim modal editing is a thing of beauty. Watching a adept
vim user work can be breathtaking to observe. The corollary
would be that some consider python weird because it is
column-sensitive.

  Just sayin' 
-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Mac IDE

[Tim Johnson]

* Alan Gauld alan.ga...@btinternet.com [110929 09:29]:
 On 29/09/11 12:50, Wayne Werner wrote:
 
 Two terminal windows - one with Vim, editing my Python scripts, and
 another with an interactive interpreter
 
 Of course these capabilities (and many many more) are available with Emacs.
 
 I personally recommend that you learn one (or both) of these editors.
 They will highly improve the speed at which you are able to edit your code.
 
 Unfortunately vim isn't available by default on MAcOS - at least not
 the last time I looked. They had elvis installed as a vi.
 
 But Emacs is there in console mode, I think you need to install X to
 get it in GUI mode - in which case you might as well install Emacs
 for Aqua...
 I just got a 2011 mac mini with the last OS ... time doesn't permit
 me to fire it up until tomorrow at the soonest, but I will report
 back on emacs and vim as defaults. A distribution call macvim is
 available and vim can also be custom built.
 cheers
-- 
Tim 
tim at tee jay forty nine dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Using xml.etree

[Tim Golden]

On 19/09/2011 10:46, lists wrote:

Hello again.

So, any xml.etree experts out there who might have missed this over the weekend?


Not me, I'm afraid, but might I suggest that you ask on the mail
Python list:

  http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

There's nothing wrong with asking here, but since this question is
more specific to a particular library than to Python-the-language
you're more likely to find people familiar with the package (including
its maintainer in fact...)

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Using xml.etree

[Tim Golden]

On 19/09/2011 11:01, Tim Golden wrote:

you're more likely to find people familiar with the package (including
its maintainer in fact...)


Sorry, I misread your post and thought you were referring lxml.etree
(which is a 3rd-party lib). My basic point still stands, though:
you'll get more library-specific help on python-list.

TJG
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[Tutor] Converting from a single module to a package

[Tim Johnson]

I'm been coding in python now for close to 10 years.  one of the
modules that I have composed for re-use has gotten pretty big:

It is implemented as 

import tlib as std

I am thinking about 'downsizing' this module and breaking it up into
smaller components, thus a package. And I would like to do this
without a lot of code revisions.

I would welcome references to URLs on this topic.

thanks
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Converting from a single module to a package

[Tim Johnson]

* Christopher King g.nius...@gmail.com [110805 12:03]:
 To make a package, you make a folder named what you want to name the
 package, for example: virus_toolkit. Then you make a file in it called
 __init__.py. This is what you import if you import the virus_toolkit. You
 usually put documentation and general functions in this I believe (I'm not
 100% sure on package etiquette.) Then you put various modules inside the
 folder, such as brute force, worms, and Trojan_horse. Then you can do from
 virus_toolkit import worms, and such, or if you want to unleash a full out
 attack and import them all, do from virus_toolkit import *.
 
 Thanks Christopher. Your take on the issue is pretty much the same
 as mine. However, my question is really how to make the transition
 from a single module to a package with the least amount of code
 changes. I'm guessing that I'm going to have to bite the bullet on
 this one. Example:

 # current way
 import tlib as std
 
 std.htmlButton(*arglist)

 # New way, after transition 
 import tlib as std
 std.html.button(*arglist)
 #OR 
 import html from tlib
 html.button(*arglist)
 #...
 oh well. Probably best to leave the original as is, for backwards
 compatibility.

 cheers
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Converting from a single module to a package

[Tim Johnson]

* Emile van Sebille em...@fenx.com [110805 15:51]:
 On 8/5/2011 4:22 PM Tim Johnson said...
 * Christopher Kingg.nius...@gmail.com  [110805 12:03]:
 To make a package, you make a folder named what you want to name the
 package, for example: virus_toolkit. Then you make a file in it called
 __init__.py. This is what you import if you import the virus_toolkit. You
 usually put documentation and general functions in this
 
 
 But you can provide for both methods if in tlib.__init__ you provide
 for backward compatibility.
 
 
   # current way
   import tlib as std
   
   std.htmlButton(*arglist)
 
   # New way, after transition
   import tlib as std
 
 in tlib.__init__, include the following:
 
 import html
 htmlButton = html.button
  Yes. That's what I'm talking about.
  Thank you Emile. :)
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] python Module for Windows Active Directory

[Tim Golden]

On 28/07/2011 07:28, qbits...@gmail.com wrote:

Hi,

Which is the best package/module in Python to work with Windows Active
Directory?

I may need to create multiple OUs, set different users and computers and
fill their individual attributes. Later i may need to modify/delete and
then may need to check them for its availability.


You could try my active_directory module:

  http://timgolden.me.uk/python/active_directory.html

although there's a much-improved version in development
(and actively used here at work). If you're interested,
look at:

  http://svn.timgolden.me.uk/active_directory/branches/rework/

TJG
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[Tutor] dummy, underscore and unused local variables

[Tim Johnson]

Consider the following code:
for i in range(mylimit):
foo()
running pychecker gives me a 

Local variable (i) not used 

complaint.
If I use 
for dummy in range(mylimit):

## or
for _ in range(mylimit):

I get no complaint from pychecker.  
I would welcome comments on best practices for this issue.
NOTE: I see much on google regarding unused local variables, but I
would like to see comments here specifically on the use for `range'

On a related note: from the python interpreter if I do
 help(_) 
I get 
Help on bool object:

class bool(int)
 |  bool(x) - bool
 ..
 I'd welcome comments on this as well.

 :) I expect to be edified is so many ways, some
 of them unexpected.

 thanks
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] create an xls file using data from a txt file

[Tim Golden]

To confirm: Python does *nothing* to convert automatically
from one form of path separator to another. Windows from
very early on, has accepted /-slashes as path separators
to API calls. Where they don't work is: at the command shell
itself presumably since slashes are commonly used to introduce
options; and, sometimes, the Windows Shell API although I can't
lay my hands on an example at the moment.

If you were to write something in C to call CreateFile and
pass a path such as c:/temp/temp.txt it would work without
a problem because the Windows API accepts those kinds of
paths.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] cpython

[Tim Golden]

On 12/05/2011 14:10, tee chwee liong wrote:

hi all,

i just started python but i'm hearing there is cpython. what is it
different from python? is there any tutorials i can refer.


CPython is just the most common version of Python, so-called because
it's written in C: the one you download from python.org.

It's normally only called Cpython to distinguish it if needed from 
other implementations, such as Jython (Java-based), IronPython 
(.NET-based), PyPy (Python-based) and others.


TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Alternate credentials

[Tim Golden]

On 04/05/2011 00:18, Alan Gauld wrote:

Since its more a Windows question than a Python one I suggest you try a
Windows forum. comp.python.windows might be worth a try? Or even the
ctypes group?

While we do have some Windows users here its not really a python nwewbie
type question.


True enough. I should be able to help nonetheless; but I would second
the recommendation to post this kind of question to the python-win32
mailing list:

  http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-win32

where you'll get the benefit of a lot more knowledge and experience
in the Windows area.

You could obviously achieve this *outside* Python -- ie by using
RunAs to launch a process as a different user. This may or may not
suit your case. If you want to do the switch from within the Python
process, you'll need to use the LogonUser [1] and 
ImpersonateLoggedOnUser [2] APIs which are both available in the

pywin32 win32security module.

If you only want to make a connection under this alternative identity
(and not to do anything locally) then you could connect transiently
with specific credentials. To do this you'd use the WNetAddConnection
family of APIs [3].

Feel free to come back (or post to the python-win32 list) for more
information

TJG

[1] http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa378184%28v=vs.85%29.aspx

[2] http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa378612%28v=vs.85%29.aspx

[3] http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa385418%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
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Re: [Tutor] Alternate credentials

[Tim Golden]

On 03/05/2011 5:35 PM, Bill Allen wrote:

I am needing to run a Python networked application with a specific
set of credentials, Windows AD, rather than the user's own so that
the app can access the needed CIFS shares.  Where should I start?


By saying what operating system you're running on, which will
make quite a bit of difference to the answer.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] win32com and python

[Tim Golden]

On 19/04/2011 15:53, Pierre Barthelemy wrote:

The problem i have is that, often, while the script is running, the
powerpoint file would already be open. In this case, my script would
open it anew, and make the modifications in the newly opened file.
To prevent that problem, i need to be able to look at the filenames of
the open powerpoint files.
It there a way to do that ?


See if this might help (mutatis mutandis):

http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/see-if-an-excel-workbook-is-open.html

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Replying

[Tim Golden]

On 28/03/2011 23:17, Steven D'Aprano wrote:

Corey Richardson wrote:


Thunderbird has a reply list button that I use.


It does? What version are you using?


Also, if you're a keyboard person, Ctrl-Shift-L

(Win7, TB 3.1.9)

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Problem recognizing '{' character?

[Tim Golden]

On 29/03/2011 09:41, Peter Otten wrote:

Ben Hunter wrote:


Hi,

I'm completing the Python lessons on YouTube that Google posted. At the
end of section 2 of day 2, there is a task to identify files then put them
in a zip file in any directory. The code is from the 'solution' folder, so
it's not something I wrote. I suspect I have a problem with PATHS or
environment variables. I'm new to programming in something as advanced as
Python, but I do okay with VBA - so I just feel like there's a setting up
issue somewhere. I'm on Windows 7, tried running this in Idle and from the
command line.


The commands module used by zip_to() is an unfortunate choice for a tutorial
because it is supposed to work with unix shells only.


It's also unfortunate that an issue has been outstanding here for
a while:

  http://bugs.python.org/issue10197

It's one of those which seems simple to fix but which spawns a
thousand discussions...

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] CSV to Excel

[Tim Golden]

On 16/03/2011 17:12, Susana Iraiis Delgado Rodriguez wrote:


Thank you for your help!
Once I read your comments I tried both corrections in my code, but none
of them we're sucessful.


Ok, Susana, your problem (here) is the use of the csv module
so can I suggest we back away from your wider program and try
to help you understand the way in which that works.

Here's a really simple example of how to use the module:

code
import os
import csv

#
# Open a file which will automatically close once
# we're finished
#
with open (temp.csv, wb) as f:
  writer = csv.writer (f)

  #
  # Write to the csv file with explicit (if meaningless) strings
  #
  writer.writerow (['A', 'B', 'C'])

  list_of_stuff = [Name, 2, 3]
  #
  # Write something which is already a list (like your filenames)
  #
  writer.writerow (list_of_stuff)


#
# Now look at the contents of the file produced
#
print open (temp.csv).read ()

/code


Can you run that and make sure that it produces the .csv format
which you'd expect. The output should look something like this:

A,B,C
Name,2,3

Notice that I'm letting the csv module work out where it needs to
put quote marks and where not (which is a lot of the reason for
its existence). I just pass it a list of strings, numbers, or
whatever and let it turn into a line.

I hope that this example helps you to understand the way you
would normally use the csv module. Feel free to come back to
ask more questions or to see how introduce it into your wider
codebase.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] CSV Ouptut concern...

[Tim Golden]

On 17/03/2011 11:56, Dipo Elegbede wrote:

i wrote a code for extracting information from a csv file into another
csv file.
it worked well but i have an immediate challenge i can't seem to fix.
the new file that is created has an row and then an empty row and then a
row all through the file. how can i make the empty rows not be part of
the file.


Open the file in binary mode:

fh = open('stateparty2.csv','wb')

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] atr in dir Vs. hasattr

[Tim Johnson]

* Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info [110316 05:26]:
 Tim Johnson wrote:
  What is the difference between using
  hasattr(object, name)
  and
  name in dir(object)
  ?
 
 Did you read the Fine Manual?
 No but I will :) 
 http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#dir
 
 The default dir() mechanism behaves differently with different
 types of objects, as it attempts to produce the most relevant,
 rather than complete, information: ...
 Note: Because dir() is supplied primarily as a convenience for use
 at an interactive prompt, it tries to supply an interesting set of
 names more than it tries to supply a rigorously or consistently
 defined set of names, and its detailed behavior may change across
 releases.
 help(dir) speaks similarly 
 
 And here's an example:
 
  class C(object):
 ... pass
 ...
  hasattr(C, '__eq__')
 True
  '__eq__' in dir(C)
 False
 I like Wayne's approach a lot.
 thanks

-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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[Tutor] atr in dir Vs. hasattr

[Tim Johnson]

 What is the difference between using
 hasattr(object, name)
 and
 name in dir(object)
 ?
 TIA
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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[Tutor] atr in dir Vs. hasattr

[Tim Johnson]

This following post was originally posted to the wrong thread.
I am reposting (hopefully correctly) with the first and very
succint response. I thing the answer is a revealation to
be noted: 
##
On Tue, Mar 15, 2011 at 8:00 PM, Tim Johnson t...@johnsons-web.com wrote:

  What is the difference between using
  hasattr(object, name)
  and
  name in dir(object)

##
Wayne Werner waynejwer...@gmail.com Replied:
##
hasattr is basically

try:
object.name
return True
except AttributeError:
return False

while name in dir(object) is (AFAIK) more like:

for attr in dir(object):
if name == attr: return True
return False

However, rare is the occasion that you should use either of these. If you're
doing something like:

if hasattr(myobj, 'something'):
   myobj.something()
else:
print blah blah blah

then what you really should be doing is:

try:
myobj.something()
except AttributeError:
print blah blah blah

because 1) you avoid the overhead of an extra(?) try-except block, 2) in
Python it's EAFP - Easier to Ask Forgivness than Permission, 3) You
shouldn't inspect an object to find out what it can do, you should just try
it and then handle failures appropriately (at least that's what I've been
told).

YMMV, objects in mirror are closer than they appear, etc. etc.

HTH,
Wayne

-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web dot com or akwebsoft dot com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Using the console module.

[Tim Golden]

On 11/03/2011 08:12, DistortGiygas wrote:

Python users, what's the best option for someone trying to emulate or
use the curses module on the Windows platform?
I've been fooling around with the console module:
effbot.org/zone/console-handbook.htm

But for the life of me, I can't figure out how to detect a KeyRelease.
Could anyone share some insight, and maybe an example of how to code it? :(


If your starting point is in fact curses, then you're probably
better off using a curses-alike for Windows. Christopher Gohlke
maintains binaries for one such:

  http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

(search for curses)

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] CSV to Excel

[Tim Golden]

On 11/03/2011 8:59 PM, Susana Iraiis Delgado Rodriguez wrote:

Hello list!!

I'm trying to write a CSV file to work it with Excel. My python script is
working, the issue is: when I import the file from excel the data comes with
quotes at the beginnig and ending of the row. I don't want to have these
quotes. What is wrong with my code?


Essentially, the work is being done twice.
The .writerow method expects a list which it will
convert into a quoted, comma-separated string. You're
giving it a list whose one element is a quoted, comma-separated
string.

Just pass it a list instead:

writer.writerow (['Ruta', 'Archivo', '.prj'])
...
writer.writerow ([filepath, filename, 1])

(BTW, my naive knowledge of Spanish suggests that you're confusing
the two identical-sounding English words: root - raiz and
route - ruta).

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Alternatives to pymssql to work with MS SQL Server

[Tim Golden]

On 02/03/2011 09:22, Emmanuel Ruellan wrote:

I installed Python 2.6 and pymssql on a machine, but as soon as I import
pymssql, it crashes.

It looks like this is a known problem:
http://code.google.com/p/pymssql/issues/detail?id=2

What alternatives to pymssql do you recommend? I just want to be able to
perform some simple queries on an MS SQL Server database.


I use pyodbc:

  http://code.google.com/p/pyodbc/

because I tend to operate at the raw-SQL level.
But if you want a rather higher-level interface then
sqlalchemy is definitely your friend (which uses pyodbc
under the covers by default):

  http://www.sqlalchemy.org/

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Namespace variables vs. instantiation keywords - best practices

[Tim Johnson]

* Tim Johnson t...@johnsons-web.com [110203 10:34]:
 # OR (project config file)
 kws = load.config(myconfig,tmpl_kws)
 kws.update({prj:myproject,templatepath:views})
#Grr! The following line is wrong ..
 kws = {prj:myproject,templatepath:views}
Should be
#content = LoadView(**kws)
sorry
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web.com or akwebsoft.com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] pywin32 help

[Tim Golden]

On 30/01/2011 6:42 AM, walter weston wrote:

hello I am running python 2.7 , I am trying to install pywin32 version 2.7
when I run the setup.py file a black console windows pops up  displays some
text and dissappears before I can read any of the text . I dont know what
says so I cant give details here is the link to pywin32 :
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/... I need pywin32 for the
pythoncom module which I will be using pumpmessages .why dont they make the
install easier? like a more stable EXE or something instead of all these
file directories they include.. they made to make this download for an
average joe haha... please help this average joe out


Well it's not that hard, really: instead of going for the big green
button which gives you the version-neutral source zip, just click
on the link immediately to the right entitled View all files. That
takes you to here:
  
  http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/


from which you work your way down through the directories,
selecting the highest number which you guess will take you
to the most recent build and... voila!

  http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/pywin32/Build%20214/

Lots of .exe files, one for each version of Python / processor arch.

Just for the record, pywin32 has had binaries available for Python 2.7
from pretty much the day after 2.6 was released (ie long before 2.7
was officially available).

TJG
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[Tutor] Class Docs - how much is too much?

[Tim Johnson]

FYI: I'm currently using version 2.6.5

I've developed a module which necessitates a very large amount of
documentation. At this point all of the documentation is in the
class docstring. I'm thinking that perhaps I should pare down the
docstring and deliver specific documentation topics with object
methods. Example:
## Instantiation examples
o.intialize()
## configuration code to copy and paste into file
o.configuration()  
## Internal processes
o.internals()
## ... etc. 
## Docstring would include instructions for implementing such
## methods.

:) Perhaps there is a PEP for this and a link to such a PEP would
suffice.

thanks
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web.com or akwebsoft.com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Print to std output with color

[Tim Golden]

On 26/01/2011 6:10 PM, Scott Nelson wrote:

Curses is one way to go.  Another is to use the PyWin32 module discussed in
this thread:

http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.tutor/58450/focus=58454

Basically, here's a snippet of code that can get you started.  This requires
that you have the PyWin32 module installed (already installed by default if
you use ActiveState's Python distribution for Windows).  Using PyWin32 isn't
for the faint of heart, but it does work.

import win32console
handle = win32console.GetStdHandle(win32console.STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
handle.SetConsoleTextAttribute(win32console.FOREGROUND_BLUE)
print 'blue text'


Or use something which does it for you already:

  colorama -- http://tartley.com/?p=1062

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Class Docs - how much is too much?

[Tim Johnson]

* Emile van Sebille em...@fenx.com [110126 12:30]:
 On 1/26/2011 11:03 AM Tim Johnson said...

 I've developed a module which necessitates a very large amount of
 documentation. At this point all of the documentation is in the
 class docstring. I'm thinking that perhaps I should pare down the
 docstring and deliver specific documentation topics with object
...
 :) Perhaps there is a PEP for this and a link to such a PEP would
 suffice.

 Yep -- google python pep docstring and you get

 http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/
  Thank you. That's all I need.
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web.com or akwebsoft.com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Writing Python Script to read battery level

[Tim Golden]

On 17/01/2011 03:01, FT wrote:

Is there a way to read the battery level using Python?

I am totally blind and want to write a script to capture the battery
level and send it through the voice activeX so I can speak it...


WMI should be able to query the battery information:

code
import wmi

c = wmi.WMI ()
for battery in c.Win32_Battery ():
  print battery.Caption, battery.EstimatedChargeRemaining

/code

The pure-python wmi module is based here:

  http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi/index.html

and can be installed via easy_install / pip.

Information on the attributes of the Win32_Battery class are
available here:

  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394074%28v=vs.85%29.aspx


You might also be interested in the pyttsx project
(successor to the Windows-specific pytts):

  http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyttsx/1.0

although if you have existing code to work with an ActiveX
control then I doubt it brings you any advantages.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Change Font Size when print to screen

[Tim Golden]

On 11/01/2011 09:03, tee chwee liong wrote:

When I do print Hello World, it will print to the cmd window with
the standard font size. Is there a way we can increase the font size
to larger when print out to the cmd window?


I'm going to assume that you're using Windows, since you
refer to the cmd window. If you're on Linux or OS X the
answer will be different.

In short, this isn't straightforward. The Python interpreter
simply sends text to the console and the console renders it
using whatever font and size have been selected by the user.

You can set the font  size of any console window (and save
it as the default) by using the System Menu -- left-click at
the top-left of the Window.

But if you want a particular Python script to have the power
to write smaller or larger text on demand, you're going to
need to control the console functions directly. You can do
this via the win32console module of the pywin32 modules:

  http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/

or by rolling the same thing yourself from within Python via ctypes:

  http://docs.python.org/library/ctypes.html

I'm not aware that you can have a mixture of smaller and larger
(or different) fonts on one console window. AFAICT you can set
the font/size for the whole console but nothing else. If you need
more control, you're going to have to move to some kind of
GUI solution.

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Named-value formatting fails

[Tim Johnson]

* Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info [110108 19:46]:
 A more detailed response.

 Dear me... messing with globals and locals. That's always a bad sign.  
 But let's assume this is that one time in 100 that it is actually  
 justified...

 if localvals is None: self.locals = 
 sys._getframe(1).f_locals

 Are you aware that this is non-portable and subject to change without  
 notice?
  No! 
  1)Can you explain further?

  And you have convinced me, and furthermore given me enough to
  convince someone else that a different approach would be safer.
  2)Can you recommend a *simple* templatting module?

  thanks
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web.com or akwebsoft.com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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Re: [Tutor] Named-value formatting fails

[Tim Johnson]

* Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info [110109 13:23]:
 Tim Johnson wrote:
...
 Are you aware that this is non-portable and subject to change without 
  notice?
   No!   1)Can you explain further?
.
Wow! You've given me a huge amount of technical information. I can't
thank you enough for the time and effort you have given this.

FYI: I am adapting an old CGI-based system, much of it on a
intranet to more of an MVC model. Where a complete rewrite is
necessary I would probably  use something like django. In this case,
enormous forms (around 400 elements) are being managed. 

The part for which I was considering using an eval() wrapper is
for relatively simple token replacement.

I may get away with just using replace() or re.sub(). But first
:) I must absorb and process what you have written on this
subject.

Thanks again
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web.com or akwebsoft.com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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[Tutor] Named-value formatting fails

[Tim Johnson]

I'm using 2.6.5 on ubuntu 10.04.
I'm evaluating a very large string using a named-value formatting
scheme. The process fails with the following error message:
not enough arguments for format string
In the first place, I wouldn't expect to even see this error
message, because as the python documentation says:

Python calls the get-item method of the right-hand-side mapping
(__getitem__), when the righthand side is an instance object.

As for the right-hand mapping - I'm using the following:
class Evalx:
def __init__(self, localvals = None, globalvals = None):
if localvals is None: 
self.locals = sys._getframe(1).f_locals
else : 
self.locals = locals
if globalvals is None: 
self.globals = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
else : 
self.globals = globals
def __getitem__(self,key):
return eval(key,self.globals,self.locals)
the implementation looks like this:
self.content = content % Evalx()

I would really appreciate some insights on this issue.
I don't really know how to debug this, except for to look for some
%s in the `content' string.
TIA
-- 
Tim 
tim at johnsons-web.com or akwebsoft.com
http://www.akwebsoft.com
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