Re: [Tutor] (no subject)
Go for it! 8^D On Sun, Sep 13, 2009 at 7:45 PM, shellc...@juno.com shellc...@juno.com wrote: I want to take two tuples and and print out all the elements in both tuples Best Weight Loss Program - Click Here! http://thirdpartyoffers.juno.com/TGL2141/fc/BLSrjpTFoYayK1TMy2HLJuXWZVUVwGcRz3BvRi27bhNCVhUuOvezC0KPl88/ ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Gnu/Linux IS user-friendly. It's NOT ignorant-friendly or idiot-friendly. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Pygame
Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner Second Edition. Michael Dawson. Boston, MA: Thomson Course Technology, 2006. ISBN-13: 978-1-59863-112-8 ISBN-10: 1-59863-112-8 No experience required to learn Python programming. This book will teach you the basics of Python programming through simple game creation. You'll learn to: Build, slice, and index strings. Work with functions, Read from and write to text files, Create and manipulate sprites, Tackle object-oriented programming, Create a GUI, and work sound, music, and create animation. The book comes with a CD that has Python 2.3.5 PyGame 1.6 LiveWires 2.0 --customized version for this book Source code and projects from the book. If you can make it through Dawson's book, you'll be prepared to tackle PyGame tutorials such as: Game Programming by Andy Harris (ISBN-13: 978-0-470-06822-9) http://www.cs.iupui.edu/~aharris/pygame/ or Beginning Game Development with Python and Pygame: From Novice to Professional by Will McGugan (ISBN-13: 978-1590598726) The PyGame site also has beginnner tutorials. http://www.pygame.org/docs/ Look for Michael Dawson's book, and start programming text-based games in Python from the very first chapter! By the end of the book, you'll be programming 2D arcade-style games. (447 pages) Hopefully helpful. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Gnu/Linux IS user-friendly. It's NOT ignorant-friendly or idiot-friendly. On Mon, Jul 20, 2009 at 3:04 AM, Mazhar Hussainyam.m...@gmail.com wrote: Hello All! My name is Mazhar Hussain, and I am new to python, in fact, I am new to programming as a whole. I dont know if its the right list to talk about this. I am really interested in 2d games, especially 2d games. I am also interested in making games. I searched for a lot of programming languages but I didnt like anyone of them, either they were too hard to learn or not suitable to make games. But then I found Python. I had heard that it was very easy to learn and great for making games, it also had a binding for SDL called pygame. But the main games I want to create are: a pokemon clone, a megaman battle network clone and a world of goo like game. I just want to know if I can make these type of games with pygame(before learning python). If it can then I'll start learning python right away but if it cant then I think I may better find another language. ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Pygame
On Mon, Jul 20, 2009 at 6:00 AM, Davidld...@gmx.net wrote: Mazhar, bhaaluu wrote: Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner Second Edition. Michael Dawson. Boston, MA: Thomson Course Technology, 2006. ISBN-13: 978-1-59863-112-8 ISBN-10: 1-59863-112-8 This is, in my judgment, a good suggestion, provided you are working on a Windows system. Otherwise some of the tools Dawson introduces will not work. So, start here, and move on to McGugan's book thereafter. David I was able to work through Dawson's entire book on a Gnu/Linux system, using X (Window system), Konsole, and the vim plain text editor. Dawson uses a customized version of LiveWires towards the end of the book. You must install the customized version for Dawson's examples to work with Gnu/Linux. I've worked through some of the source code for McGugan's book. It seems to lean more towards 3D programming than 2D programming. The Andy Harris book is geared to 2D programming in PyGame, and is a good beginner introduction to PyGame. You should already know some Python before reading Harris' book because he doesn't really give a Python programming tutorial. So, Dawson -- Harris -- McGugan is a good syllabus for Game Programming in Python/PyGame. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Gnu/Linux IS user-friendly. It's NOT ignorant-friendly or idiot-friendly. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] GUI recommendations/tutorials?
Have you looked at PyGame yet? http://www.pygame.org/ On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 12:05 PM, taseriantaser...@gmail.com wrote: I think I'm ready to start working with some simple graphic output. Currently, I've got the basics of a Python program that calculates full tours of a honeycomb structure, going through each cell exactly once. The output from the program shows the paths as coordinates of each cell; what I'd like to do is create a simple window that would show the tour in graphical format, and using keystrokes to go through all of the tours that have been collected. I'm already accounting for eliminating duplicates by rotational symmetry by restricting the starting point to the cells in the northernmost row of hexes, but the ending point to be any of the edge hexes. I'm trying to identify duplicates by reflexive symmetries as well, but I'd like to get the visualization component up first. My problem is that I have no GUI experience outside of Visual Studio-style drag-and-drop IDEs. Which Python GUI system would you recommend for neophytes that would allow line drawing and a simple graphic load of a honeycomb structure in a JPG, for example, as a background? Tony R. ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Find a good linux distribution with python.
On Sun, May 24, 2009 at 4:02 PM, Michael Bernhard Arp Sørensen mich...@arpsorensen.dk wrote: What distro do you run? Debian GNU/Linux Another point: There's so many modules on the Internet, that it's difficult to get some sort of overview. That's why a distro is such a great idea because so many packages with python stuff is included. Could you get any kind of overview over python modules/libs other than a repo in a distro? Like anything else that is huge, just tackle the parts of it that you need. I have concluded that there's no such thing as a perfect distro. Only some distros come close to perfection. In that case I was wondering if I should create my own python repo to set up a good working environment for development. That way I could use any distro. On the other hand, any code I migth write would be difficult for others to use. Any ideas or comments? Ubuntu is an African word that means I can't configure Debian. 8^D Knoppix, Ubuntu, and several other distributions are all based on the fine work that the Debian GNU/Linux community does. Debian GNU/Linux is completely Free, and is developed by volunteers from around the world. I use emacs with rope, ipython and python. I like those in newer versions if not bleeding edge. If you're really serious about having the 'perfect' distro, you can start with Debian GNU/Linux and make your own, the way you want it to be. While it is not a trivial matter to re-master a Linux Live CD, it is much easier than it used to be! You could pack it full of Python! It is this reason that there are hundreds of Linux Live CD distributions. Each person thinks that their distro is the best. This is one reason why GNU/Linux is so fantastic! Med venlig hilsen/Kind regards Michael B. Arp Sørensen Programmer / BOFH Denmark If you want to enter my network while I'm out, you can find my SSH-key under my mouse mat - Michael Bernhard Arp Sørensen Why don't you make a Python-centric Linux Live CD? -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Yet another Python book
Thanks for making this book available, Dave! This stuff looks very useful. On Fri, Apr 10, 2009 at 8:25 PM, Dave Kuhlman dkuhl...@rexx.com wrote: I've collected my training materials plus a few more advanced topics and I've also written up a reasonably large set of Python exercises. Then, I turned all of the above into a book. If you have comments, suggestions, corrections, etc, I'll appreciate them. You can get it at no cost, in various formats here: http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/#a-python-book And, if you really do feel a need to kill a tree, you can purchase a copy on paper here: http://www.lulu.com/content/paperback-book/a-python-book/2599081 - Dave -- Dave Kuhlman http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Fwd: Yet another Python book
-- Forwarded message -- From: Tom Green xchime...@gmail.com Date: Sat, Apr 11, 2009 at 9:38 AM Subject: Re: [Tutor] Yet another Python book To: bhaaluu bhaa...@gmail.com Book looks great. Any help to master Python is appreciated. Great work. Mike. On Sat, Apr 11, 2009 at 9:04 AM, bhaaluu bhaa...@gmail.com wrote: Thanks for making this book available, Dave! This stuff looks very useful. On Fri, Apr 10, 2009 at 8:25 PM, Dave Kuhlman dkuhl...@rexx.com wrote: I've collected my training materials plus a few more advanced topics and I've also written up a reasonably large set of Python exercises. Then, I turned all of the above into a book. If you have comments, suggestions, corrections, etc, I'll appreciate them. You can get it at no cost, in various formats here: http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/#a-python-book And, if you really do feel a need to kill a tree, you can purchase a copy on paper here: http://www.lulu.com/content/paperback-book/a-python-book/2599081 - Dave -- Dave Kuhlman http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] text editor and debugger for python
On Tue, Mar 24, 2009 at 5:08 AM, Bala subramanian bala.biophys...@gmail.com wrote: Friends, I do the scripting in Linux. I use vi editor to code. It is not very convenient for me. Kindly suggest me a best free text editor ( i can code and debug the code simultaneously ) for python based on your experience. Thanks Bala Hello Bala, I use the vim text editor to program in Python. Vim is very similar to vi. I use the following to make vim easier for programming (save as .vimrc) .vimrc Created by Jeff Elkner 23 January 2006 Last modified 2 February 2006 Turn on syntax highlighting and autoindenting syntax enable filetype indent on set autoindent width to 4 spaces (see http://www.vim.org/tips/tip.php?tip_id=83) set et set sw=4 set smarttab set line number (added by bhaaluu) set nu Bind f2 key to running the python interpreter on the currently active file. (courtesy of Steve Howell from email dated 1 Feb 2006). map f2 :w\|!python %cr After saving the above file as .vimrc (dot vimrc) in your home directory (/home/bala/.vimrc - for example) you can fire up vim and start programming in Python. Press the F2 function key to run your Python code. When the code completes its run, you are returned to vim for more coding. For debugging, I use print and raw_input(). I use print to watch variables. I use raw_input() to set breakpoints. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] help on making python tictactoe
On Mon, Jan 19, 2009 at 4:18 AM, jammy007 pp jammy007...@yahoo.com wrote: guys , i need immediate help on creating a simple tictactoe game . i read micheal dawson's book but didnt quiet get it . please help . thanks . jammy Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner 2E by Michael Dawson has the BEST explanation there is of programming a Tic-Tac-Toe game! It is explained in Chapter 6 Functions The Tic-Tac-Toe Game. If you've read and done the Challenges in Chapters 1-5, then the 'new' concept on Chapter 6 is how to program with functions. Otherwise, the Tic-Tac-Toe game is covered step-by-step. 1. Read Chapter 6. 2. Go back and highlight the important new concepts. 3. Key the Tic-Tac-Toe program into your computer. (It is better to key it in than copy/paste it from the CD) 4. Get the game running on your computer. You'll find typos. This is part of learning Python. You need to make mistakes. Finding and correcting your mistakes is an important part of learning how to program a computer.. 5. Make a hard-copy print-out of the source code for the game you just got running.. 6. Play computer by reading and following the program flow in the printout. Underline, highlight, and write notes in the margins of the printout as you 'play computer'. 7. Do the Challenges for Chapter 6. Challenge No. 4 is to plug the hole in the strategy of the game in the book. To do that, you'll need to modify the game in the book. If you've followed the above instructions, you should have no problems. 8. If you still have problems, post _your_ problem source code to this list with an explanation of what your problem is. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Coin Flip
First off, check your program's indentation. On Fri, Oct 3, 2008 at 2:04 PM, realNewbie [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This is a class assignment, I am to create a program that flips a coin 100 times and tells me the number of heads and tails. I've been working on it for 2 days now and I am stuck. I a trying to run the program but it is not running. Can someone please point out my error? Here is what I have come up with: import random heads=0 tails=0 count=1 while count 101: randomFlip = random.randrange(0,1) if randomFlip == 0: heads = heads + 1 else: tails = tails + 1 count = count + 1 print heads, heads print tails, tails -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Coin-Flip-tp19802888p19802888.html Sent from the Python - tutor mailing list archive at Nabble.com. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] (no subject)
Since an answer has already been given (by Pierre Dagenais), let's see if we can help you figure it out. The first step is to read the program specification, or, in your case, read the homework problem very carefully. Since most computer programs have INPUT, PROCESS, and OUTPUT, let's try to look at the problem from that viewpoint, shall we? On Tue, Sep 30, 2008 at 10:47 PM, kayla bishop [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I can't figure out how to write a program where you flip a coin 100 times and it keeps track of how many heads and tails you flipped but it has to be random. Can you please help Well, since you said the magic word, I'll try. First of all, a hash mark designates a comment. A comment isn't read by the computer. Everything after a hash mark isn't read by the computer, BUT you can read it, and that's why it is always a good idea to use comments in your program. We can break down the problem into INPUT, PROCESS and OUTPUT as follows: I can't figure out how to [INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT] write a program where you flip a coin [INPUT] 100 times [PROCESS] and it keeps track of how many heads and tails you flipped [OUTPUT] but it has to be random. [PROCESS] You have a coin which has two sides heads and tails, so that is the INPUT. You flip the coin 100 times, and each time you flip it, the result is random. That is the PROCESS. You keep track of how many times it comes up heads and tails. That is the OUTPUT. That wasn't too difficult, was it? Python has a lot of modules that are already written for you. That's way cool because you don't have to figure that part out! Doing random things is one of those things you don't have to figure out, because there is a module called random. You can use the stuff in random by importing it into your program. Find out more about random in the Python documentation. This is usually done at the top of the program. #!/usr/bin/python # flipCoin.py # 2008-10-01 # b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m import random #Next you need some INPUT. I think we decided that the #coin would be INPUT, right? And the coin has 'heads' and 'tails'? #Let's make a list for the coin: coin = ['heads', 'tails'] #Lists are surrounded by square brackets. #But the program needs to choose those randomly, right? flip = random.choice(coin) #Now, let's count how many times you flip the coin. count = 100 #Finally, keep track of heads and tails: heads = 0 tails = 0 #They're zero because you haven't flipped the coin yet. #Now, let's flip the coin (PROCESS). while count != 0: #each time through the loop, flip will randomly choose a side of the coin flip = random.choice(coin) #if/else selection. There are only two choices. if flip == heads: heads += 1 else: tails += 1 #decrement the counter, or you'll be in an infinite loop #it started at 100, so subtract one each iteration count -= 1 #Finally, let's print the OUTPUT: print Heads: , heads print Tails: , tails Not the indentation after the while loop line. That's a Python thing. Since I've put so much time into this tutorial, I have a challenge for you: Write a program that rolls a pair of ten-sided dice, and tell me what the outcome of the roll is? How about the outcome of three rolls? Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] (no subject)
Correction of post typo follows. On Wed, Oct 1, 2008 at 8:57 AM, bhaaluu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: #Now, let's flip the coin (PROCESS). while count != 0: #each time through the loop, flip will randomly choose a side of the coin flip = random.choice(coin) #if/else selection. There are only two choices. if flip == heads: heads += 1 else: tails += 1 #decrement the counter, or you'll be in an infinite loop #it started at 100, so subtract one each iteration count -= 1 Not the indentation after the while loop line. That's a Python thing. That should be NOTE the indentation after the while loop. Also note the indentation after the if and else lines. Python uses indentation to define 'blocks' of code. Another little detail that may escape one's notice is that the first line of each block ends with a colon. A block is finished when the indentation ends. Blocks of code may be nested within each other, as long as they are properly indented. Since I've put so much time into this tutorial, I have a challenge for you: Write a program that rolls a pair of ten-sided dice, and tell me what the outcome of the roll is? How about the outcome of three rolls? The programming challenge still stands! Kayla? (BTW, when I say tell me what the outcome is, I'm asking for your program to produce some OUTPUT!) Happy [Python] Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] absolute beginner
On Wed, Sep 10, 2008 at 11:29 PM, Johnny [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Anyone have any advice for an all out beginner? Advice as in... The best book?...best tutor web page? I am wanting so badly to learn Python. I have went to this site... http://www.awaretek.com/tutorials.html This gave me lots of info,, but with so many books to choose from, I can't seem to find that special one that will give me (a complete dummy) the info I need. thanks Johnny I found this book to be a great tutorial: Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner Second Edition. Michael Dawson. Boston, MA:Thompson Course Technology, 2006. ISBN: 1598631128 Dawson uses games to teach Python. The examples are games, so the book is a lot of fun to work through. Being fun, you'll learn easier and faster than if the examples were boring academic examples. Most of the games are text-based, but the last two chapters introduce you to graphics, sound, music, and animation. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] hi...
On Sun, Aug 24, 2008 at 2:31 AM, Alberto Perez [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have a problem with python, I'm begginner in python. How clear the screen of GUI python interactive I'm not sure what you mean by GUI interactive? However, at the Python interactive prompt, I can clear the screen using a simple, old-fashioned way: for i in range(1,50): print(\n) That prints 50 newlines, thus effectively clearing the screen. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Online class/education for Python?
On Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 12:13 PM, Dick Moores [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: At 07:18 AM 7/27/2008, bhaaluu wrote: So if a student goes through PPftAB2E, and wants to continue programming games, I'd recommend Game Programming by Andy Harris [ISBN-13: 978-0-470-06822-9]. Game Programming is a fairly complete PyGame tutorial. What do you think of _Beginning Game Development with Python and Pygame_, Apress, 2007? Dick Moores The main difference between GAME PROGRAMMING and BEGINNING GAME DEVELOPMENT is that the former deals with 2D scrolling arcade type games, using PyGame; and the latter gets into 3D games using PyGame and openGL (I think). I don't have the McGugan book, so I don't know for sure. You can take a look at a sample chapter at Will's site: http://www.willmcgugan.com/2007/10/04/free-chapter-of-beginning-game-development-with-python-and-pygame/ The publisher also has the source code from the book available. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Online class/education for Python?
On Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 3:33 AM, wesley chun [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: on a tangential note, i may be asked to teach a private course to individuals who have never formally learned to program before, and i'm participating in this thread for a number of reasons, including the fact that i'm trying to come up with a supplemental textbook to use in addition to my course notes. i had envisioned the dawson book, but if it's going OoP, i will have to come up with alternatives. cheers, -wesley While Python wasn't my first computer programming language, I found the Dawson book (PPftAB2E) to be very approachable, and would highly recommend it to anyone interested in learning Python. PPftAB2E is just a lot of FUN to work through, even if the student isn't planning on becoming a game programmer. It seems to cover all the Python basics. I liked the fact that most of the 'games' used as example programs were text- based games. The introduction to Python OOP was gentle, yet covered most of the aspects of OOP without being overwhelming. Each chapter in the book built on the previous chapter's examples. I learned more about programming, reading/doing PPftAB2E, than from any other programming book I've read/done. I'd like to repeat that the FUN factor was an important aspect. Personally, I learn better and faster when I'm having fun, than when I have to learn something that is tedious from the very beginning. Even though PPftAB2E uses games to teach Python, it never really gets into PyGame. Instead, it uses a customized version of a PyGame wrapper, called LiveWires. LiveWires was developed to teach programming to kids in Great Britain. So if a student goes through PPftAB2E, and wants to continue programming games, I'd recommend Game Programming by Andy Harris [ISBN-13: 978-0-470-06822-9]. Game Programming is a fairly complete PyGame tutorial. From the Preface: quote Let's face it: Games are fun. Games are what brought me into computer programming so long ago, and they're a big part of why I'm still in it. There's something irresistible about immersing yourself in an imaginary world. Books and movies are a great way to experience a form of alternative reality, but an interactive computer game is something more. You don't simple watch a game. You 'participate.' If you think games are fun to play, you should try 'creating' them. There's nothing more fun than building your own gaming environment, and when you actually make something that's exciting for others to play, you'll feel a rare sense of accomplishment. If playing games is more immersive than watching movies, writing games is even more immersive than playing them. After all, the players are really playing with a universe constructed by you. In a sense they're playing with you. /quote PyGame is a Python wrapper around the extraordinary SDL library, which allows beginning programmers to do some really incredible things, using the Python language. The bottom line is: PPftAB2E is a fantastic book to use to teach people who have never programmed a computer before; and Game Programming is a great follow-up book for those from the beginning class who want to continue learning game programming with Python/PyGame. The PyGame crowd even have their own website and mailing list: http://www.pygame.org/news.html There are quite a few Python/PyGame examples on the PyGame website, so an advanced Python class from the intermediate class would have lots of stuff to take apart, modify, and put back together. Or, the class could team-build a game for one of the Python/PyGame game competitions. So there is a complete curriculum for you. I'm sure that students who learned how to program Python by learning to program games, would be well equipped to learn how to program anything, from networked business apps, to Enterprise apps, or anything else. They would be well-grounded Problem Solvers who have learned how to learn. They probably had a lot of FUN learning how to learn, so it sticks with them better, and longer, I'm so sure. 8^D Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] newbie graphing question
On Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 8:40 AM, Peter Petto [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm about to try some Python programming for drawing simple geometric pictures (for math classes I teach) and was hoping to get some advice that will send me off in the best direction. I want to write programs that can draw figures with commands akin to point(x,y) to draw a point at coordinates (x,y), or segment (x1,y1,x2, y2) to draw a segment between points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)? I'd appreciate recommendations as to the best facility or library to use to this end. I primarily use a Mac, but my students primarily use Windows. I'd love to hear any and all pointers or comments. Thanks! -- === Peter Petto [EMAIL PROTECTED] Bay Village, OH tel: 440.249.4289 Hello Mr. Petto, I'd recommend the PyGame library. PyGame is a Python wrapper around the extraordinary SDL library. For an example program of what you might be looking for, take a look at: http://www.cs.iupui.edu/~aharris/pygame/ch05/paint.py The whole site has a lot of Python/PyGame examples: http://www.cs.iupui.edu/~aharris/pygame/ Andy Harris is a CS professor at Indiana University-Perdue University Indianapolis, and is the author of several books, including Game Programming [ISBN-13: 978-0-470-06822-9], which is a fairly complete introduction and tutorial for PyGame. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Tutor Newbie
On Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 10:41 PM, Sam Last Name [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hey guys, need some info on programs :) Heres a Very simple Script that works with basically any numbers. width = input(What is the Width?) length = input(What is the Length?) area = width*length print area # my question is what would it take (programs, extra stuff in script, ect..) to make this a nice looking usable desktop program? A usable desktop program probably implies a program that has a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that can be invoked by clicking on an Icon that resides on the Desktop. GUI programs might have drop down menus which in turn might have sub-menus, dialogue boxes, radio buttons, slider bars, and so forth. The GUI toolkit that usually ships with Python is Tkinter. Other GUI toolkits that work with Python include: wxPython, PyQT, PyGTK, PythonCard, AnyGui, and others. I prefer CLI (Command Line Interface) programs myself, where options are entered on the command line to do a job. Each program is small and does one thing very well. Usually the output from one program can be piped to another program, or input can be piped from another program, to do the job. The program is usually started from an XTerm, Terminal, or Konsole, or even from a non-GUI console. These programs usually are small and fast. Your hands never have to leave the keyboard to click a mouse button, or whatever. Anyway, here is a simple Tkinter example from Programming Python 3rd Edition (which has over 300 pages of Tkinter tutorial in it, plus several full-feature GUI programs): import sys from Tkinter import * widget = Button(None, text='Hello widget world', command=sys.exit) widget.pack( ) widget.mainloop( ) Key in the above code into your favorite text editor, save it as gui2.py, then run it however you're running Python scripts I do it like this: python gui2.py Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Guidance on jump-starting to learn Python
On Fri, Jul 18, 2008 at 1:29 AM, Steve Poe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Any recommended homework assignments? I have two books as well: Core Python Programming from Wesley Chun , Second Edition. Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition. Thanks so much for your advice/help in advance. Steve Since you don't have a programming background, the fast track probably insn't a good idea. The fast track is usually for people who are already programmers, and want to learn the specifics of the Python language. Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner, 2E is an excellent Python tutorial. If you'll read it from cover to cover, you'll learn Python. PPftAB2E uses games to teach Python, so it is fun to work through. Personally, I learn better when something is fun. Each chapter has exercises at the end. If you can do the exercises, then you understand the chapter. If you can't do the exercises, then you probably didn't understand something go back and re-read that chapter, and try doing the exercises again. You can always ask questions on this mailing list. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Online class/education for Python?
Hiyas Steve, If you're disciplined enough to shell out $$$ for an online class and do the work, why not just do it on your own? The tuition for a class will buy you several very nice Python books: Learning Python. Lutz. Programming Python. Lutz Core Python. Wesley Chun. Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner 2E (if you're new to programming). Read the book you buy, do the exercises, and if you run into a problem, ask on this list. You'll end up learning Python, and have a Python book to refer to as well. The structure of the class is up to you, depending on what you want to use Python for, and how the book you choose is written. You take your time, or do 3-4-5 assignments per week. It's up to you! If you've never done any programming before, I suggest Dawson's book (PPftAB2E). If you've done 'some' programming in another language and want to learn Python, try Learning Python, followed by Programming Python, both by Lutz. If you're an experienced programmer, and want to get up to speed with Python, try Chun's book. He's also a Tutor on this list. Otherwise, take a look at all the wonderful free Python books and tutorials on the Net, and make up your mind to start learning Python, then DO it. Read some, program some. Ask questions here. When you ask a question here, try to be as explicit as possible. Tell the Tutors which platform you're working on (Linux, Mac, MS, other), which version of Python you're using (ex: 2.4, 2.5, etc.). what you're trying to do, what the errors are, and if at all possible, show them your code! This is a beginner's list, so don't be ashamed to show your beginner code! That is how you will learn! The Tutors won't do your homework for you, but you'll get plenty of help otherwise! Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! On Sat, Jul 19, 2008 at 2:41 PM, Steve Poe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Anyone taken or know of any online classes teaching Python? I know O'Reilly Press teaches online technical courses, through the University of Illinois, but no Python . Thanks. Steve ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] New to pythong
On Mon, Jul 7, 2008 at 12:40 PM, Jeremiah Stack [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello everybody: I am new to this mailing list, and it said that i could the simplest of questions. So i was wondering if anyone could be so kind as to e-mail me a project idea or something to go out an learn to do in python. I don't know any languages, but i am definitely not computer illiterate. i have read so many tutorial about getting started but so far that is where the tutorial have left me ( how to print Hello World) and such. Any ideas great thanks. Hi J Take a look at this stuff: The book is old, based on ancient line-numbered BASIC. I started out trying to learn about Text Adventure Games. So the 'project' is to make the games described in the book run in Python. There are five games. I got the first three working, and started on the fourth, then got busy with other things. However, you can read the book, take apart the source code I've done, put it back together, modify it, whatever. It's a fun beginner project, if you're interested in Text Adventure Games. http://www.geocities.com/ek.bhaaluu/python/index.html Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m In a world without fences, who needs Gates? Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Exploring the Standard Library
On Sat, Jul 5, 2008 at 2:23 PM, Nathan Farrar [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'd like to spend some time exploring the standard library. I'm running
python on Ubuntu. How would I find the location of the modules (find /
-name os.py does not yield results)?
Thanks!
Nathan
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I'm running a standard Debian 4.0r3 Stable with Python 2.4.4.
I've found the to be helpful. Open a Konsole or Terminal.
[~]$ python
Python 2.4.4 (#2, Apr 15 2008, 23:43:20)
[GCC 4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-21)] on linux2
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
help('modules')
Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules...
[Modules are spooged here.]
Enter any module name to get more help. Or, type modules spam to search
for modules whose descriptions contain the word spam.
help('os')
The help screen for 'os' comes up. Press the spacebar to scroll through it.
help()
Welcome to Python 2.4! This is the online help utility.
If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out
the tutorial on the Internet at http://www.python.org/doc/tut/.
Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing
Python programs and using Python modules. To quit this help utility and
return to the interpreter, just type quit.
To get a list of available modules, keywords, or topics, type modules,
keywords, or topics. Each module also comes with a one-line summary
of what it does; to list the modules whose summaries contain a given word
such as spam, type modules spam.
help quit
Ctrl-D
[~]$
Another thing that comes in very handy is 'dir(name_of_module)'.
Doing your exploration in the interactive interpreter allows you to read up
on a module, then try it. Have a Konsole with the Python interactive interpreter
and a browser open to the docs at the same time, and really go to town with it!
And so forth, and so on... as you can see, Python itself has an incredible
help engine built-in to the interactive intepreter.
Happy Programming!
--
b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m
In a world without fences, who needs Gates?
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Re: [Tutor] tic tac toe
On Fri, Jul 4, 2008 at 12:14 PM, Akanskha Kumar [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: how can i make tic tac toe game using python programing. There is an excellent tic-tac-toe tutorial in Michael Dawson's book, Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner Second Edition (ISBN-13: 978-1-59863-112-8).Chapter 6, pages 159-191. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m In a world without fences, who needs Gates? Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] addressbook program
Hello Danny,
Part of learning to program a computer is learning how to solve problems.
I copy/pasted this code directly from the email, and tried to run it, as is.
Error messages in Python are very informative. See below.
On Sat, Jun 28, 2008 at 3:31 AM, Danny Laya [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi I am making an addressBook program now, and you know some problem, the
program doesn't work. This is the code :
# Loading the addressbook
filename = addbook.dat
def readBook(book)
import os
if os.path.exists(filename):
store = open(filename,'r')
for line in store:
name = line.rstrip()
entry = store.next().rstrip()
book[name] = entry
store.close()
The first error I got was:
File xyz.py, line 4
def readBook(book)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
shell returned 1
Press ENTER or type command to continue
The error message pointed me to line 4
and the carot (^) pointed to the end of def readBook(book)
Can you see the error?
You forgot a colon (:) at the end of the def funcName():
Putting a colon there eliminates that error. One down, more to go
# Saving the address book
def saveBook(book):
store = open(filename,w)
for name,entry in book.items():
store.write(name + '\n')
store.write(entry + '\n')
store.close()
The next error I get is:
File xyz.py, line 7
store = open(filename,'r')
^
IndentationError: expected an indented block
shell returned 1
Press ENTER or type command to continue
What's the first thing I look at? Which line is the error on?
The error message says it's on line 7. The carot points to
store. The actual message says it is an indentation error.
Fix the indentation.
One more error eliminated...
and so on.. Fix them one at a time, until the program works.
You must have some patience, put in some work, and maybe,
with a little luck, you can learn to program your computer!
Don't give up! Keep trying! You certainly know more than you did
when you started!
What other errors are you getting?
# Getting User Input
def getChoice(menu):
print menu
choice = int(raw_input(Select a choice(1-4): ))
return choice
# Adding an entry
def addEntry(book):
name = raw_input(Enter a name: )
entry = raw_input(Enter a street, town and phone number: )
book[name] = entry
# Removing an entry
def removeEntry(book):
name = raw_input(Enter a name: )
del(book[name])
#Finding an Entry
def findEntry(book):
name = raw_input(Enter a name: )
if name in book:
print name, book[name]
else: print Sorry, no entry for: , name
# Quitting the program
def main():
theMenu = '''
1) Add Entry
2) Remove Entry
3) Find Entry
4) Quit and save
'''
theBook = {}
readBook(theBook)
choice = getChoice(theMenu)
while choice != 4:
if choice == 1:
addentry(theBook)
elif choice == 2:
removeEntry(theBook)
elif choice == 3:
findEntry(theBook)
else: print Invalid choice, try again
choice = getChoice(theMenu)
saveBook(theBook)
# Call the main function
if __name__ == __main__:
main()
Help me guy's Some enlightenment and explanation about the wrong and
how this program works maybe .. I got this code from Alan Gauld tutorial
in Handling Files part.
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Happy Programming!
--
b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m
Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon?
Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh!
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Re: [Tutor] For Loop question
On Thu, Jun 26, 2008 at 9:27 AM, Danny Laya [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi I'm learning FOR loop now, very easy too learn. But I get confused to understand this code : myList = [1,2,3,4] for index in range(len(myList)): myList[index] += 1 print myList And the response is: [2, 3, 4, 5] Can you explain me as a newbie, how that code works ?? ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor You define a list called myList with 4 integer elements. type(myList[0]) type 'int' You do a for loop on the four elements. len(myList) 4 Inside the for loop, you increment each element by one (+= 1). += 1 is the same as (variable = variable + 1) So, just 'play computer' and step through the for loop: 1 + 1 = 2 2 + 1 = 3 3 + 1 = 4 4 + 1 = 5 Thus the output is (2, 3, 4, 5). Still four elements, each with one added to it. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Invoking Python
You can create a Python script on a *nix system and run it with: $ python threeplusfour.py You can place a shebang line as the first line of the script, which points to the python interpreter: #!/usr/bin/python print(Hello, world!\n) Save the file, then make it an executable with: $ chmod u+x threeplusfour.py Then execute it with: $ ./threeplusfour.py Why the dot-slash? Here is a good explanation: http://www.linfo.org/dot_slash.html You can also create a Python script and place it in a directory that is included in your PATH (echo $PATH). Once the executable script is in a directory in your PATH, you can execute it with: $ threeplusfour.py Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! On Thu, Jun 26, 2008 at 9:37 AM, kinuthiA muchanE [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Thu, 2008-06-26 at 12:00 +0200, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Or more commonly add a first line like: #! /path/to/python/executable Then you can simply make the file executable and run it by typing its name $ threeplusfour.py On my computer, running Linux Ubuntu, I always have to type ./threePlusFour.py to get it to run. Otherwise I get a not found command. or double clicking it in your favourite file manager GUI tool. See the topic Add a Little style in my tutorial, in the box Note for Unix users for more details. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Invoking Python
On Thu, Jun 26, 2008 at 9:53 AM, Cédric Lucantis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Le Thursday 26 June 2008 15:37:01 kinuthiA muchanE, vous avez écrit :
On Thu, 2008-06-26 at 12:00 +0200, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Or more commonly add a first line like:
#! /path/to/python/executable
Then you can simply make the file executable and run it by typing its
name
$ threeplusfour.py
On my computer, running Linux Ubuntu, I always have to type
./threePlusFour.py to get it to run. Otherwise I get a not found
command.
This is because on unix the current directory (.) is not in the PATH
environment variable by default. You can set it if you want but there are
some security problems with this so it's not recommended. Typing the
leading './' quickly becomes automatic for unix users.
--
Cédric Lucantis
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You can make a /home/user/bin directory and add it to your PATH by
including this line in your .bash_profile
# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
PATH=~/bin:${PATH}
Place your executable Python scripts in ~/bin
Now you can execute them with the dot-slash in front of them
because they are in the PATH. BTW, the tilde (~) is equivalent to
/home/user/.
Happy Programming!
--
b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m
Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon?
Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh!
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Re: [Tutor] Hands-on beginner's project?
Brian Wisti has a very nice tutorial for Python beginners that uses Interactive Fiction as the basis of a tutorial: http://coolnamehere.com/geekery/python/ifiction/index.html http://coolnamehere.com/geekery/python/ifiction/single-round.html http://coolnamehere.com/geekery/python/ifiction/multiple-scenes.html http://coolnamehere.com/geekery/python/ifiction/multiple-turns.html Paul McGuire made an example adventure game using pyparsing: http://wiki.python.org/moin/PyCon2006/Talks#4 http://www.geocities.com/ptmcg/python/pycon06/adventureEngine.py.txt (you'll need the pyparsing package for it to work) http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/ Python Universe Builder (PUB) is an Interactive Fiction module for Python. It provides a programming environment similar to that of Inform or TADS but runs under any Python interpreter. http://py-universe.sourceforge.net/ Here's a link to the Interactive Fiction archive containing a huge array of text adventure games and other adventure development tools. http://www.ifarchive.org/ And finally, another link to TAGs based on Creating Adventure Games On Your Computer. http://www.geocities.com/ek.bhaaluu/python/index.html Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! On Wed, Jun 25, 2008 at 9:39 AM, Jacqui [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: LOL You rock! That's definitely better than my example. I can't wait to get better at this! :-D On Wed, 2008-06-25 at 09:22 -0400, bob gailer wrote: Even better is to define a Chapter class, with the various properties and methods pertinent thereto, then make each chapter an instance of that class. class Chapter: def __init__(self, desc, ques=None, **actions): self.desc = desc self.ques = ques self.actions = actions self.prompt = , .join(actions.keys()) def describe(self): print self.desc def ask(self): if self.ques: print self.ques for i in range(10): ans = raw_input(self.prompt).lower() next = self.actions.get(ans, None) if next: return next else: print Invalid response else: print Too many failed attempts def main(): chapters = [None]*11 # allow for 10 chapters starting with 1 chapters[1] = Chapter(Ahead of you, you see a chasm., Attempt to jump over it?, y=2, n=3) chapters[2] = Chapter(Oops - that anvil is heavy. You die.) chapters[3] = Chapter(Good choice., Pick a direction, n=4, s=5) chapters[4] = Chapter(It's cold in here., Pick a direction, e=1, w=2) chapters[5] = Chapter(It's hot in here., Pick a direction, u=6, d=3) chapters[6] = Chapter(Congratulations - you found the gold.) next = 1 while True: chapter = chapters[next] chapter.describe() next = chapter.ask() if not next: print Game over break main() ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Another Newbie question
On Tue, Jun 24, 2008 at 6:23 AM, Danny Laya [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi I got some problem about writting convention in python. Some tutorial ask
me to write this :
a = 1
s = 0
print 'Enter Numbers to add to the sum.'
print 'Enter 0 to quit.'
while a != 0:
print 'Current Sum:', s
a = int(raw_input('Number? '))
s = s + a
print 'Total Sum =', s
And the response must be like this :
Enter Numbers to add to the sum.
Enter 0 to quit.
Current Sum: 0
Number? 200
Current Sum: 200
Number? -15.25
Current Sum: 184.75
Number? -151.85
Current Sum: 32.9
Number? 10.00
Current Sum: 42.9
Number? 0
Total Sum = 42.9
But when I write until this :
a = 1
s = 0
print 'Enter Numbers to add the sum'
Try putting the program in a function.
A function is defined using: def functionName():
Everything inside the function is indented.
For example:
def main():
a = 1
s = 0
print 'Enter Numbers to add to the sum.'
print 'Enter 0 to quit.'
while a != 0:
print 'Current Sum:', s
a = int(raw_input('Number? '))
s = s + a
print 'Total Sum =', s
main()
In this example, the function is called main()
and it is defined with with the keyword 'def'
followed by the name of the function, parentheses,
and finally a colon (:). Don't forget the colon!
The body of the function is indented. Make sure you
indent the lines inside the function when you are entering
it in the interactive interpreter. The while loop needs more
indentation with the function body! Look at it carefully!
Finally, call the function. In the above example, the function
is called by entering: main() on a line by itself. It is NOT a
part of the function body.
I hope this is helpful. I remember when I was first starting out
with the Python interactive interpreter. It wasn't easy. Good luck!
Stick with it. It won't be long before you look back on these
beginning days and laugh.
Happy Programming!
--
b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m
Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon?
Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh!
I press enter, and alas my python response me :
Enter Numbers to add the sum
It didn't want waiting me until I finish writing the rest.
I know there is some mistake about
my writing convention,
but what ??? Can you find it ??
But you know it's not finish,I ignore the error message and
writng the rest, but until i write this:
while a != 0:
... print 'Current Sum:', s
... a = int(raw_input('Number?'))
... s = s+a
... print 'Total Sum =', s
Oh, man... another error message :
File stdin, line 5
print 'Total Sum =', s
^
Can you help me guys ??
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Re: [Tutor] fibonacci.py task ???
On Tue, Jun 24, 2008 at 8:47 AM, Danny Laya [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all, can you explain me what this code mean : Fibonacci.py # This program calculates the Fibonacci sequence a = 0 b = 1 count = 0 max_count = 20 while count max_count: count = count + 1 # we need to keep track of a since we change it old_a = a old_b = b a = old_b b = old_a + old_b # Notice that the , at the end of a print statement keeps it # from switching to a new line print old_a, Output: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 Do you understand it ??? Can you explain meahhh you know i'm a newbie so please explain it with a simple expalanation. You can start by using Google or Wikipedia to get basic definitions of things like Fibonacci sequence. It has to do with mathematics or something? http://www.google.com http://www.wikipedia.org/ And I got many tutorial with title *.py(e.g: Fibonacci.py and Password.py), can you explain me what *.py mean? Thank's for helping me. That is the file extention for a Python Script. The file extension for a BASIC script is BAS (Fibonacci.bas), for a Perl script is PL (Fibonacci.pl), for a Scheme script is SCM (Fibonacci.scm), for a Logo script is LG (Fibonacci.lg) . Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Hands-on beginner's project?
Take a look at this page, and see if it is what you're looking for: http://www.geocities.com/ek.bhaaluu/python/index.html I haven't worked on this project in awhile because I got sidetracked by other things, but it's still on the backburner. One day I'll pick it up again. I think Text Adventure Games are ripe for learning Python Object-Oriented Programming (something I'm interested in learning). Fell free to download the source code and play around with it, modify it, whatever. It is a beginner's learning project. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! On Tue, Jun 24, 2008 at 11:37 AM, nathan virgil [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm very new to Python, and (to a slightly lesser extent) programming in general. I'd like to get some experience by practicing simple-yet-functional programs, with a bit of an emphasis on games. The first game I'd like to attempt would be a simple, non-linear story, similar to those choose-your-adventure books. I don't want to start with anything too complicated, like having mapped-out directions, or interactive objects, although I do eventually want to get into stuff like that. Python seems to me like it would be a good language for this sort of stuff. I figure I just need to use a lot of print, if/elif/else, raw_input(), and a ton and a half of variables. My problem at the moment is that I don't know how to get from one section of the story to the next. I vaguely remember reading about some language using a goto command for something like this, but I'm not sure how that would be handled in Python. A rough idea of what I'm trying to do (in a presumably hypothetical language) would be something like this: 0100 print Ahead of you, you see a chasm. 0200 jump = raw_input(Do you wish to try jumping over it? Y/N) 0300 if jump = Y: 0400 goto 1700 0500 if jump = N: 0600 goto 2100 Does this make any sense? Is there some way I could do this in Python? Any and all help is definitely appreciated! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] From Newbie
On Sun, Jun 22, 2008 at 6:45 AM, Danny Laya [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi ! I have learned wiki tutor for non-programmer and I found some hill that
stopping me. In Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python/Count to 10, wiki ask
me to write this code :
a = 1
s = 0
print 'Enter Numbers to add to the sum.'
print 'Enter 0 to quit.'
while a != 0:
print 'Current Sum:', s
a = int(raw_input('Number? '))
s = s + a
print 'Total Sum =', s
The above code, copy/pasted to a file, and run from the command-line
gives the following output:
Enter Numbers to add to the sum.
Enter 0 to quit.
Current Sum: 0
Number? 1
Current Sum: 1
Number? 2
Current Sum: 3
Number? 3
Current Sum: 6
Number? 4
Current Sum: 10
Number? 0
Total Sum = 10
But when i write while a != 0: and then i press enter,
python terminal tell me :
while a ! = 0:
File stdin, line 1
while a ! = 0:
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Can you
find my mistake, guys ? Sorry to bother you, I try to
find the answer in google, but I can't found the answer.
Please help me soon guys, whatever your answer. If you don't
want to answer my question, please give me some site that could
answer this newbie question. Thank's.
The syntax error seems to be the space between the '!' and the '='.
'!=' means 'does not equal'
'! =' doesn't mean anything, thus, the syntax error.
When you're beginning, you'll make plenty of errors like that.
Stop and read the error carefully, then look at the code closely.
As you gain experience, you'll learn to see those nit-picky syntax errors.
It doesn't matter which computer programming language you start out with,
each one has a specific syntax that must be followed, or you'll get syntax
errors. Python is very friendly, and the error messages it gives you are
much more helpful than other languages.
Happy Programming!
--
b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m
Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon?
Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh!
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[Tutor] Visualizing the Python Project
This is very interesting! http://www.vimeo.com/1093745 Visualizing the commit history of the Python scripting language project. http://vis.cs.ucdavis.edu/~ogawa/codeswarm/ Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Visualizing the Python Project
On Tue, Jun 17, 2008 at 8:26 AM, W W [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Tue, Jun 17, 2008 at 6:40 AM, bhaaluu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This is very interesting! http://www.vimeo.com/1093745 Visualizing the commit history of the Python scripting language project. http://vis.cs.ucdavis.edu/~ogawa/codeswarm/ That would only be cooler if it was written in python ;) (maybe it was, but it wasn't specified on the page I read :P) I know, right? Michael Ogawa, the UC Davis student who made code_swarm says he is seriously considering releasing the source code to his project as open source. We'll see. He says the source code, as it is now, needs to be cleaned-up (which indicates it probably wasn't written in Python - since Python, by its very nature is clean, right?). Nevertheless, the video of the Python Project is really cool! I like it when the project explodes in 2000. It's like a SuperNova. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] wanting to learn
On Thu, Jun 12, 2008 at 3:12 AM, Ken Oliver [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: http://www.briggs.net.nz/log/writing/snake-wrangling-for-kids/ This sounds interesting to me, but I have not been successful at downloading the text at the link above. The dreaded 404. Does anyone have the Windows version of the book or a suggestion as to where to download it? ___ Try this link: http://www.briggs.net.nz/log/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/swfk.zip Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] wanting to learn
On Wed, Jun 11, 2008 at 11:16 AM, W W [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: However, my personal preference is using vi/vim (which you should have built in on your mac, along with python). If you open a mac terminal window and type vimtutor at the prompt, it should start the vim tutor program. There are many programmers across various different programming languages and platforms that use vi/vim as their ide. That's my personal recommendation, and at the very least you should give a few different editors/IDEs a try to see which one fits your style/comfort zone best. HTH, Wayne I also use vim as an IDE for Python. vim == vi improved. Here is the (dot)vimrc (.vimrc) I use: .vimrc Created by Jeff Elkner 23 January 2006 Last modified 2 February 2006 Turn on syntax highlighting and autoindenting syntax enable filetype indent on set autoindent width to 4 spaces (see http://www.vim.org/tips/tip.php?tip_id=83) set et set sw=4 set smarttab set line number (added by bhaaluu) set nu Bind f2 key to running the python interpreter on the currently active file. (courtesy of Steve Howell from email dated 1 Feb 2006). map f2 :w\|!python %cr That turns on syntax highlighting, autoindenting, line numbers, and allows you to press the F2 function key to run your code from vim, then returns you to the editor afterwards. Use 'print' and 'raw_input()' to watch variables and establish breakpoints. vim is touch-typist friendly, so you can really go to town if you know it. 'vimtutor' is a good starting point if you're not familiar with it. You can do a lot with it, with just a handful of commands. Then add to those as you need them. Edit multiple files in multiple windows... whatever you want to do, and more! There are two modes in vim: normal and insert. Esc will always get you into normal mode. 8^D Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] wanting to learn
On Wed, Jun 11, 2008 at 10:48 AM, Michael yaV [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: So, can anybody head me in the right direction with my endeavor? I've read 'Programming Python Third Edition' by Mark Lutz. O'Reilly Assoc., 2006. ISBN 0596009259. It has a lot of stuff about doing things with the Net in it. See if you can find a copy of it at a used-book store, or someplace like http://used.addall.com Just the chapters on using Tkinter (300+ pages) are worth it! The best Python Tutorial I've found (for me) is: Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition. Michael Dawson. ISBN: 1598631128 It is games oriented, but covers all the basics, quite thoroughly. If you can work through that one, you'll be able to tackle just about anything Python. Plus, it's a lot of fun to read and do. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] destroying a window once a movie has stoped playing
On Tue, May 13, 2008 at 9:07 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: def movieu(self): mov_name = video.mpg pygame.mixer.quit() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((320, 240)) video = pygame.movie.Movie(mov_name) screen = pygame.display.set_mode(video.get_size()) video.play() while video.get_busy(): for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: break this is the peice of code i am using to run a movie in my scissors paper rock game so when rock beats scissors a movie will play. i can get the movie to play but i would like to no if i can make the window destroy once the movie has stoped This message is intended for the addressee named and may contain privileged information or confidential information or both. If you are not the intended recipient please delete it and notify the sender. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Hey Nick, You may have better luck asking pygame-specific questions on the pygame mailing list? Pygame maintains an active mailing list. You can email the list at [EMAIL PROTECTED] To get on or off the mailing list, send an email message to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a simple command in the body. Some examples; (note, no subject is needed). If subscribing or unsubscribing, there's no need to enter any extra email address information. Just use the commands like they are below, the email address you mail from is the address mail will go to (or stop going to). (from: http://pygame.org/wiki/info) I think the Tutor list mainly helps with business type scripting such as accessing a database, opening, writing, reading, closing files, working with lists, dictionaries, tuples, and so forth? The pygame list is specific to pygame, and the gurus there can answer any pygame question you ask them! Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] animations and movies
http://pygame.org/news.html On Thu, May 8, 2008 at 9:40 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hey just wondering if any one can point me in the right direction for coding animations and playing movies This message is intended for the addressee named and may contain privileged information or confidential information or both. If you are not the intended recipient please delete it and notify the sender. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] animations and movies
On Thu, May 8, 2008 at 9:40 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hey just wondering if any one can point me in the right direction for coding animations and playing movies This message is intended for the addressee named and may contain privileged information or confidential information or both. If you are not the intended recipient please delete it and notify the sender. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Here's a short pygame example that plays a video.mpg (MPEG 1 file): #!/usr/bin/python # movie.py import sys import pygame pygame.init() mov_name = video.mpg pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) pygame.mixer.quit() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((320, 240)) video = pygame.movie.Movie(mov_name) screen = pygame.display.set_mode(video.get_size()) video.play() while video.get_busy(): for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: break Of course, you'll need a file called video.mpg for the script to work. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] animations and movies
On Thu, May 8, 2008 at 9:40 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hey just wondering if any one can point me in the right direction for coding animations and playing movies This message is intended for the addressee named and may contain privileged information or confidential information or both. If you are not the intended recipient please delete it and notify the sender. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Here's an example of a pygame animation: http://www.cs.iupui.edu/~aharris/pygame/ch08/bounce.py The site has all sorts of other pygame examples on it. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Python Programming Tools
A (mainly Java) programmer on a LUG mailing list asks: What is a good IDE [for Python] that has Python tools for: library management, code completion, debugging, documentation, help Since I'm not familiar with Java at all, I'm not sure how many of the things he is asking for, are even relevant for Python? I'm presuming he is working with a team, and is developing complex programs. What do _you use? -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] input and output files from terminal
On Mon, Apr 14, 2008 at 12:55 PM, Brain Stormer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have a python program which works fine when run using idle but I would like call the program from the terminal. python test.py -i inputfile -o outputfile I tried with raw_input but that only works in idle. Can this be achieved? Thanks ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Please see: http://www.faqs.org/docs/diveintopython/kgp_commandline.html From the book: Dive into Python. Source code examples from the book: http://diveintopython.org/download/diveintopython-examples-4.1.zip Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Sat, Feb 9, 2008 at 9:46 AM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: As I mentioned in an earlier mail it tends to oscillate in practice. You start off looking at the problem to identify the basic classes. Then you pick one or two and start designing those in detail and that identifies lower level classes. When you reach the point of being able to write some code you do so. The act of writing code brings up issues that get reflected back up the design - maybe even identifying new classes. Once you've written as much code as you can you go back up to the problem level, using your new found knowledge and design a bit more. Once you know enough to start coding go back into code mode again. This constant iteration between top level class discovery and low level class construction is what Grady Booch refers to in his book as Round Trip Gestalt Design and in practice is how most software other than the very biggest projects is built. I recently found the Grady Booch book: OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN WITH APPLICATIONS. Benjamin Cummings, 1991. pg. 189: As Heinlein suggests, When faced with a problem you do not understand, do any part of it you do understand, then look at it again. This is just another way of describing round-trip gestalt design. pg. 517: round-trip gestalt design A style of design that emphasizes the incremental and iterative development of a system, through the refinement of different yet consistent logical and physical views of the system as a whole; the process of object-oriented design is guided by the concepts of round-trip gestalt design: round-trip gestalt design is a recognition of that fact that the big picture of a design affects its details, and that the details often reflect the big picture. Happy Programming. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m Kid on Bus: What are you gonna do today, Napoleon? Napoleon Dynamite: Whatever I feel like I wanna do. Gosh! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Help Writing a Bill Calculating Program
On Fri, Mar 28, 2008 at 12:50 AM, Amin Han [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I'm currently a novice at Python, and I need help creating the following program... # Write a program that asks the user to enter a package number and the total number of hours spent online that month (you may assume that the user will enter an integer number of hours). Using the information below, calculate and print the user's bill for that month. First of all, carefully read the problem that you have been given. Most computer programs solve a problem. At a minimum, a program may ask for INPUT, then do a COMPUTATION of some sort, and finally OUTPUT an answer or solution. After you've read the problem, get a pencil and a piece of paper and write down everything you've learned by reading the problem. At a minimum, you should write down what the INPUT is, what needs to be COMPUTED, and what the output is. Things called variables hold input values, and be used in COMPUTATIONS, and also used to provide output. It is usually helpful to have meaningful variable names. At this point, you should have enough information to write a simple program using pseudocode. Now work through the pseudocode and desk-check it to see if it will do what you want it to do. Good. At this point, translating the pseudocode to Python should be rather straightforward. # Modify your program so that it first asks for the total number of bills to generate. Your program should use a loop to calculate that many customer bills. In order to modify a program, you need to have a working program. So, if you don't have a working program yet, go back and work some more. Once you have a working program, you'll need to review what you know about loops. Apply that knowledge, using the same steps as before, to this problem. INPUT-COMPUTATION-OUTPUT #If possible, modify your program so that it also calculates and prints what the user would have spent if he had one of the other two packages. If the user would have saved money using a different package, print out an appropriate message (e.g., Package 3 would have been cheaper). Here again, use the same approach as you've already done for this problem. * Package 1: For $9.95 per month, up to 10 hours of access are provided. Each additional hour costs $2.00. * Package 2: For $13.95 per month, up to 20 hours of access are provided. Each additional hour costs $1.00. * Package 3: For 19.95 per month, a customer receives an unlimited number of hours of access. The data is very clear. What is package 1? Package 2? Package 3? Read it and write it down until you understand each one. If you could help, that would be much appreciated. Thanks so much. I hope this helps you get started. Once you have some Python code written, and you still have problems, write back and ask for help with your code. Please include your platform, Python version, and the code you're having problems with in your post. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Tutor support request.
Hello Olrik, You can post your questions to this list and have access to many tutors. Generally speaking, if you'll post a code snippet with your question, it makes replying with a helpful answer much easier. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] On Thu, Mar 27, 2008 at 6:15 AM, Olrik Lenstra [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi There: I am Olrik. 17 year old student that is practicing IT. I recently began learning Python and it's going quite fine. I'm following a tutorial at http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld/ I just finished the branching tab to the left. And i'm about to start Modules Functions. However, I've reached a point where I'd like some support from someone that is willing to tutor me and maybe give me some little assignments that I can practice on. I'm really willing to learn how to program Python and generally a fast learner. Hope to hear from you soon, Regards, Olrik ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] how to write a function
On Mon, Mar 24, 2008 at 8:07 AM, Bartruff, Pamela J. [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello Python users, I am very new to Python, how do I program that converts 24 hour time to 12 hour time? The program should have three functions(input, conversion and output function) Thanks for any help Pamela Bartruff ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor You define a function with: def functionName(): The body of the function should be indented (4 spaces is good). So here are examples of 3 'stub' functions that don't do anything (yet): def input(): # comments go after a hash # this is the input function varName = raw_input(Enter input: ) return varName def conversion(varName): # this is the conversion function # do something here int(varName) return varName def output(varName): # this is the output function print (You input %s % varName) def main(): varName = input() conversion(varName) output(varName) if __name__ == __main__: main() You'll have to fill in the parts specific to your problem. The best way to start is to work the problem out on paper first: ie. you should already know how to do the math to convert from 24 hour time, to 12 hour time. If you can't do it on paper yet, you need to start by learning how to do it on paper before you can teach the computer how to do it. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Even More Converter!
import re
num = 12345678
print ','.join(re.findall(\d{3}, str(num)))
output:
123,456
Where is the '78'?
It looks like that solution inserts comma's from left to right
instead of from right to left.
--
b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m
You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its
orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such
allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil.
A good person will resist an evil system with his or her
whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi]
On Sat, Mar 22, 2008 at 6:17 AM, Kepala Pening [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
import re
num = 123456789
print ','.join(re.findall(\d{3}, str(num)))
output:
123,456,789
- Original Message -
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: tutor@python.org
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2008 21:49:18 -0700
Subject: [Tutor] Even More Converter!
It works perfectly, so I am sure my question will not be hard to answer.
When Python gives me the answer to my conversion, is there a way to create it
so every 3 numbers a comma is inserted?
Such as: 1 mile is 5,280 feet. Instead of 1 mile is 5280 feet. Yes a simple
thing, but something which I believe will make it look better.
Also is there a way to make this so I don't have to go through every
individual line of code and add *insert comma* or something to it, simply
at the top like how the Unit Menu is placed only once there, and yet
applies to the whole document. Thank you
___
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Re: [Tutor] self-learning Python
On Sun, Mar 9, 2008 at 8:54 AM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Sun, Mar 9, 2008 at 8:16 AM, Julia [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: To be honest I truly dislike the Dawson book. I wouldn't recommend it to anyone. It's lacks technical clarity, examples and has a messy index. I'm going to sell my example asap. I'm not sure what kind of clarity you want. To be sure Dawson is not nearly as precise and comprehensive as Learning Python, for example, but I think the more casual approach is better for a complete beginner. ISTM Dawson is written almost entirely as a series of extended examples, I'm really surprised that you say it lacks examples. I found Dawson's book very approachable for people who are Absolute Beginners to programming. As Kent says, each chapter is a series of extended examples that cover fundamental concepts. The premise of the book is that Game Programming is a FUN way to learn programming. Most of the book uses text-based games as examples. Each chapter ends with a set of Challenges that encourage you to test the skills you've learned up to that point. The Challenges are appropriate for Absolute Beginners (ie. none of them ask you to do anything that hasn't been taught yet). Most of the Challenges require a little thought to complete. Some of the Challenges ask that you modify an example in the chapter to make it do something different, or to add a new feature. Chapter 1 starts out with the Game Over Program which is the equivalent of the Hello, world! program in most other books. This chapter talks you through getting Python setup and running on your computer, and all sorts of other essential beginning steps that need to be done in order to use Python as your programming language. Chapter 2 uses The Useless Trivia Program to cover Types, Variables, and simple Input/Output. Chapter 3 covers Branching (making decisions), 'while' loops, and program planning. The Guess My Number Game is used as the main example. All the examples build up to writing the Guessing game. Chapter 4 has The Word Jumble Game. It covers 'for' loops, Strings, Slicing Strings, and Tuples. Chapter 5 introduces Lists and Dictionaries. Here is The Hangman Game. Chapter 6 covers functions, and The Tic-Tac-Toe Game. Chapter 7 has The Trivia Challenge Game and covers Files and Exceptions. Chapter 8 begins the Object Oriented Programming (classes, methods, etc.) and has The Critter Caretaker Program (a Tamagotchi-type game). Chapter 9 continues the Object Oriented Programming with The Blackjack Game. Inheritance, Polymorphism, and other OOP concepts are introduced. Chapter 10 starts to get into GUI development with Tkinter. The Mad Lib Program is the main game. The Final two chapters use a modified version of the LiveWires package to run the games. You'll need to have PyGame and LiveWires installed for these games to work. LiveWires is a wrapper for PyGame which supposedly makes PyGame easier to lear and use. PyGame is a wrapper for the SDL library, written in the C programming language. Chapter 11 gets into Graphics, and the examples build up to The Pizza Panic Game. Backgrounds, Sprites, Collisions, and other basic graphic gaming concepts are covered here. Chapter 12 is a full-blown graphic 2-D arcade-style game called The Astrocrash Game (similar to 'Asteroids'). Sound, Animation, and Program Development are covered. Appendix A is a LiveWires reference. Games are a really fun way to learn programming, and Dawson's book makes learning programming a lot of fun! I think the book is meant to be read from cover to cover, since each chapter is built on the concepts introduced in previous chapters. Everything is explained clearly without the use of confusing 'jargon'. Terminology is clearly explained, and examples are explained step-by-step. If you can finish Dawson's book, you'll be well prepared to take on just about any other Python tutorial out there (except maybe the ones that delve into advanced Computer Science theory). When I started learning Python, I had had no programming background whatsoever. It was Michael Dawson's book that got me off the ground. I then read another book Python programming: an introduction to computer science, and things began to make sense to me. I almost mentioned that one too. Python for Dummies might also be a good choice but I haven't seen that. O'Reilly is coming out with a book Head First Programming that uses Python but it isn't scheduled to be published until May. Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor If you finish Dawson's book and are interested in continuing with Python/PyGame programming (without LiveWires) then you might want to look into obtaining a copy of Andy Harris' book: Game Programming published by Wiley (2007). It covers 2-D arcade games with PyGame, and is a good PyGame tutorial. Another
Re: [Tutor] new on the list
On Thu, Feb 28, 2008 at 4:51 AM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote (I wrote these using a simple text editor that I made with Tcl, too, http://www.linguasos.org/tcltext.html ) Fine but it will be easier to use a syntax aware full featured editor like vim or Idle or emacs or Scite But overall you are on the right lines. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site Temorarily at: http://uk.geocities.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/ Normally: http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld I also run Python on Linux. I've tried several of the Python IDEs (Integrated Development Environments), such as IDLE, Eric, and so forth, but the best (for me) has been vim. I use the following .vimrc file: -8-Cut Here-8--- .vimrc Created by Jeff Elkner 23 January 2006 Last modified 2 February 2006 Turn on syntax highlighting and autoindenting syntax enable filetype indent on set autoindent width to 4 spaces (see http://www.vim.org/tips/tip.php?tip_id=83) set et set sw=4 set smarttab set line number (added by bhaaluu) set nu Bind f2 key to running the python interpreter on the currently active file. (courtesy of Steve Howell from email dated 1 Feb 2006). map f2 :w\|!python %cr -8-Cut Here-8--- I run vim in Konsole, but any Xterm works, AFAIK. Since the Traceback exceptions in Python usually have a line number, I added that 'feature' to the .vimrc file. Note the last line that starts with 'map'. That allows you to run your typed-in Python program from within vim by simply pressing the F2 function key. At the end of the run, you'll be prompted to press Enter to return to editing your program in the vim editor. Since I have vim linked to the 'vi' command, all I have to do to start editing a new program is to enter a command similar to this at the bash prompt: $ vi myNewPythonProgram.py Then, I stay in vim to edit the program, run it, modify it, debug it, etc. The syntax highlighting and autoindent features enabled in the .vimrc file make programming in Python a fun and enjoyable experience. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Wed, Feb 20, 2008 at 6:39 PM, Tiger12506 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'll throw a couple of thoughts out there since I know that you appreciate to see many points of view. #!/usr/bin/python Hard-coded. That means you have to change the program to change the game. It would not be difficult to store this/read it in from a file, making the same program suddenly handle an infinite number of games. (well not infinite, but at least 19*7*2147483647) Noted. I'm sure that can be incorporated into a future version. Also wanted for a future version: SAVE feature, so a game can be quit in the middle, and not have to be started from scratch to get back to the same point. HI-SCORES feature shouldn't be too difficult to implement. etc. etc. etc. Thanks! 8^D # Distribute the treasure # Place androids/aliens in rooms Those two block of code above are SO similar that sure they can be combined into one, or at least the first parts of them. Optimization is the LEAST of my worries at this point. What these routines DO, and DO 100% of the time (as far as my tests have shown) is: 1. puts a positive integer into the 6th element of 4 lists in the table 2. puts a negative integer into the 6th element of 4 lists in the table 3. neither routine puts an integer where there is not a zero (no overwriting) 4. neither routine puts an integer in list 6 or list 11 100% of the time! That's what I was looking for, and these routines do the job. First: get the routine to do exactly what you want it to do. Second: Readability. I can read and understand these routines. Third: Maintainabilty: They are easy to maintain! See Second. I made a test and ran it 10,000 times in a bash shell script. I got 100% results. Not 97%, 98%, 99%... but 100%. If you're interested in my test, ask, and I'll send it. I used a bash shell script, so I don't know how well the test will work in MS-Windows: #!/bin/bash for i in `seq 1 100` ; do python setupTable.py setup.out ; done The new game has 43 rooms, not 19. These routines have already been ported to the new game, easily and quickly. No Zen required! Other beginning programers shouldn't have any problems using these routines. Plus, I was able to replace the old (97% reliable) routines with these routines simply by dropping these into place. They worked immediately, without a hitch, and I'm not greeted with treasure or a monster at the Entrance or Exit to the game (6 11 respectively). 100% 8^D I'll certainly keep your suggestions in mind! Thanks! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Wed, Feb 20, 2008 at 7:53 PM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Michael Langford [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote I'm firmly with Kent here: OO programming is not about simulation. Wooah! I'm partly on board here and do agree the noun/verb thing is a gross simplification. But it does work and is how probably the majority of OOP programmers started out - in the 80's and 90's at least. Certainly when I started on OOP around 1984 it was the de-facto introduction. And it is a still an effective way to identify objects if you aren't sure where to start. [snipped for brevity] Often it feels like the Model objects on real world objects is how people are taught so they get the idea of an object. Actually designing all code that way is a needless proscription that really really hurts many projects. I agree with this too. It has to be emphasised that it's only a starting point to identify object candidates, the final solution may look very different. But in my experience the bigger the project the closer the abstractions get to reality at least at the object identity level - the operations and data are likely to be very different, and underneath that layer will be a wealth of lower level abstractions unguessed at by nouns/verbs. But heh, if you get presented with a requirements spec of 400 pages and over 1000 user storiers (as I just have!) it's as good a place to start as any! (IMHO of course! :-) And hopefully no newbies on the tutor list is in any danger of that happening to them! -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld Which is currently dead awaiting a server repair, sorry! :-( Somewhere along the line (in the original thread) the idea of trying to teach a Beginner how to design an OOP in Python got lost in a bunch of java mumbo jumbo (at least, that's what it seemed like to me). After looking at a lot of stuff, and reading much more than I needed to, the technique that works best for me is the noun/verb technique. I think it is a good STARTING point! Now, I understand that there are many different levels of beginner. Some beginners are higher up the ladder than others, and they enjoy looking in windows higher up. However, I'm still on the bottom rung. The technique that I can relate to is the noun/verb technique. Does this mean that if I get a grasp of POOP with this technique that I'll be stuck on the bottom rung forever? I doubt it. No more than someone who is using whatever technique they are currently using is stuck with that technique forever. The universe unfolds perfectly. Time exists so it doesn't unfold all at once. I think the noun/verb technique is good for Absolute beginners. I haven't seen anything else that is so introductory. Too bad there isn't a graded tutorial that systematically uses the technique to build several working PYTHON OOPs. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Thu, Feb 21, 2008 at 7:32 AM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Other beginning programers shouldn't have any problems using these routines. As long as they use the same number of rooms and entrance and exit rooms, or they know the places to make the magic edits... Kent Well, no one was able to suggest anything that worked 100% of the time before. No one. One routine allots the treasure, The other routine allots the monsters. Each routine does one thing, and does it well (100%). It's a text adventure game. It has its own framework. What? You show me what you're talking about, and I'll run it through my test script. Your 'clarity' solution should be easily dropped in to replace the two routines that already work 100% of the time already. Python please. The reorganization should be for 'clarity' (a Noob should be able to understand it, and port it easily to other games that have more or less rooms [will they have to make any magic edits anywhere]. Oh, and these clarity routines should be shorter (in length?). Good. However they are longer than necessary. Did I cover all the things needed? Wait! No duplications... and something about the random numbers and selection in the same place? I really don't understand that (yet). The table is directly related to the map of the game. In the old games, the monsters and treasures are all in the last column. In the new game, there are two colums, one for monsters, and the other for treasure. In the treasure column, numbers 4-18 are distributed randomly to 43 rooms, minus the entrance, exit, and a 'death' room, and not overwriting numbers 1-3 which are 'hard-wired' to certain rooms. These numbers reference lists of treasure names. Likewise, the monster column gets numbers 1-15 distributed randomly, except for the entrance, exit and 'death' room. These numbers are also references to list elements. I wrote the new routines for the new 43-room game. They work 100% of the time. With minor modifications, they dropped right into the old games. If I make another new game, with different entrance, exit, or other special rooms, these routines should drop right in and with minor modifications, just work. This is the 'framework' for these programs. 8^D Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
As far as I can see, these routines give me the results I'm looking for. I get a distribution of four negative numbers, four positive integers in the range 10 to 110, and nothing is placed in room 6 or room 11: #!/usr/bin/python import random #print \n*30 table= [[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 1 [ 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 2 [ 2, 0, 5, 2, 0, 0, 0],# 3 [ 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 4 [ 4, 0, 0, 3,15,13, 0],# 5 [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 6 [ 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 7 [ 7,10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 8 [ 0,19, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0],# 9 [ 8, 0,11, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 10 [ 0, 0,10, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 11 [ 0, 0, 0,13, 0, 0, 0], # 12 [ 0, 0,12, 0, 5, 0, 0], # 13 [ 0,15,17, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 14 [14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0], # 15 [17, 0,19, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 16 [18,16, 0,14, 0, 0, 0], # 17 [ 0,17, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 18 [ 9, 0, 0,16, 0, 0, 0]] # 19 # Distribute the treasure J = 0 while J = 3: T = int(random.random()*19)+1 if T == 6: continue if T == 11: continue if T == 13: continue if table[T-1][6] != 0: continue b = range(10,110) treasure = random.choice(b) table[T-1][6] = treasure J += 1 # Place androids/aliens in rooms J = 4 while J 0: T = int(random.random()*19)+1 if T == 6: continue if T == 11: continue if T == 13: continue if table[T-1][6] != 0: continue table[T-1][6] = -J J -= 1 #print dir(table) for i in range(0,19): print (%3d % table[i][6]), Rm#,i+1 I simply threw away all the previous attempts that weren't quite 100% and started over. The final test will be to put these routines in the old games, and see how they work. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 12, 2008 7:19 AM, Ricardo Aráoz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Did we think about REUSABILITY? What if in some other application I want to USE the score, not just display it? What if I want to display it in a different form (multiplying it by 100)? Then you are back to our original options : either check the score directly, define a getter, or a 'stater'(?) which returns the state of the object (in this case it would be a tuple with only the score in it, a getter in disguise if you ask me). AFAIK the python way is to just check the score, if later the object's author changes something he has ways built in in the language to keep the interface unchanged (yes, I think the score would be part of the interface, otherwise it would be _score). Everything in this discussion seems relevant to designing Python OOP. (Python is not java, not javascript, not c++, not visual whatever etc.) We can see from this that Python does it the Python way. The Java examples are pretty much wasted on me. (I don't know anything about Java at all.) The POOP tutorials rarely get into design considerations. They introduce the mechanics of making a program, make a sample program, and keep on trucking. I'm trying to learn how to design a program with Python. So far, two beginner techniques have been shown: the noun/verb/adjective method (Alan), and the TDD (Test Driven Design) method (Kent). Of the two, the noun/verb/adjective method seems more approachable (to me). I think that once I have some experience doing that, then the TDD method may have something to offer. Baby steps first. Walk before running. 8^D Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 11, 2008 3:49 AM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think we are in general agreement, albeit with different levels of trust/toleration of the technique. Direct access is preferred to getter/setter methods but is in turn less desirable that higher level methods where they exist. The only contention seems to be whether a values() type mutilple-return method is worth anything over direct access. My personal taste is that if I need the entire official state of an object I'd like a method to give it me in one piece, but others obviously may feel differently. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld States, getters-setters, direct access... I'm still in toilet-training here/ 8^D Can you provide some simple examples that illustrate exactly what and why there is any contention at all? TIA -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 9, 2008 4:09 AM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Tiger12506 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote Are some simple examples off the top of my head. It's not difficult to model real-life things with classes, but ... This is a good point, it is excellent practice for thinking about the responsibilities of objects ...it is much more difficult to model them in such a way that you interact with them normally. And this is the bit that does require experience and careful thought. But even thinking in the absract about doors, knobs,locks etc helps to get the brain attuned to the kind of decions that need to be made I'm really getting a lot out of this discussion. In my tutorial (PPftAB2E) the second chapter deals with a Blackjack game. One thing I noticed (and remember, this is a Noob's viewpoint): The classes seemed to be designed from small to large, rather than from large to small. First, a card class was made that had card-object stuff in it (suits and ranks). Then a hand class was made that inherited the card class. Then, a deck class was made, that inherited from the hands class (that already had inherited from the card class). Is this the way you think about designing classes (small to large). I don't know the proper terminolgy for that yet. I'm almost ready to start working on another aspect of the adventure game. I've noticed in my tutorial that several small programs introduce various classes as the chapter proceeds, then at the end, it is all used to make the final program. That's fine for the book: no telling how long, or what he had to do to get it to work that way. But I'm just trying to figure out the design of the adventure game in small increments. If, in the end, I can use parts of these small programs to make the final program, great! But for now, I'm trying to keep it at a manageable size while I'm learning. There is a castle which has several levels and each level has rooms on it. The rooms have doors. The doors connect the rooms to each other. Each room can have either nothing in it, a treasure, or a monster. Each room has a description which describes 1) Is there a treasure in the room? (and if so, what is the amount), 2) Is there a monster in it (and if so, what is the Danger Level), 3) The room description, including where the doors are, (N,S,E,W,U,D). I'd like to try and design this small part so that the Explorer can move around the environment, from room to room, level to level. That's it. The Explorer will be able to see, but not pick-up treasure (keeping in mind that treasure can be picked-up in the final game). The Explorer will be warned about a monster in the room (keeping in mind that the monster can be fought in the final game). Design in small chucks. The Castle needs to be setup. Can the Travel Table from the procedural game be used? Setup requires that the floorplan, or map of the castle be used to define each room on a level, all the doors for the rooms, and treasure/terror. One array is used in the procedural program. Whoops! Sorry. I'm not supposed to think about it like that! If I use the small to large approach: A door is the smallest part of a room. Each room shares doors. Each floor has rooms. All the floors are in the Castle. But in this game, all the doors do is connect the rooms. They don't have knobs or locks. They don't open or close. (Although they MAY have that ability in some future game?). My thought is you can't possibly think of all the future things an object can do or be, but if the class is designed in a very abstract way, then it will be easier to add a new behavior or characteristic in the future, if needed? This is what I'm trying to learn with this adventure game exercise. So, I'm thinking that a door class isn't necessary? The next thing is a room. A room has doors that connect to other rooms, a description, and may contain a monster or treasure. This sounds like a candidate for a class? The castle has levels. Each level has rooms. Everything happens in the castle. The equivalent of the castle in the card game would be the deck of cards. But the deck of cards holds hands (rooms?) which are shuffled and dealt to people. It does something. What does the castle DO? It holds rooms, and monsters and treasure is shuffled and dealt to random rooms (for the Explorer to find). Not having much experience doing this, makes it harder than it should be! What is your thought process on this? door, or the knob? Does the knob contain a Lock, or does the developer only need to know that it has one and whether it is locked or not?) And its important to remember that the answers will be problem dependant. There is no absolute right or wrong, just what works best for your problem. Of course that's why building reusable objects is so hard. Something apparently reusable will usually only be reusable within a single problem domain. And even then may need to be tweaked for the specific problem. It has been estimated that
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 9, 2008 8:46 AM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote Some more thoughts on designing here. You said I can use the procedural program as a program requirement because it defines I/O. Even though the OOP program will have the data and functions in classes, I'd like to have the finished program be identical to the procedural program as far as I/O goes. So the first little program's I/O looks like this: WHAT IS YOUR NAME, EXPLORER? _ - first prompt clrscr() ZORK, YOUR STRENGTH IS 100 YOU HAVE $ 75 IT IS TOO DARK TO SEE ANYTHING WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO? _ - second prompt (main game) So I should be able to 'reuse' some of the code from the first little program, in the second little program where the castle is setup, and the player can move around the castle. IT IS TOO DARK TO SEE ANYTHING is replaced with the room description, as far as I/O goes, and I'd like for my second little sample program to follow suit. When you're designing a program, how do you go about dealing with text descriptions, like the descriptions for a room? Here is an example of a room description: THIS IS THE AUDIENCE CHAMBER THERE IS A WINDOW TO THE WEST. BY LOOKING TO THE RIGHT THROUGH IT YOU CAN SEE THE ENTRANCE TO THE CASTLE. DOORS LEAVE THIS ROOM TO THE NORTH, EAST AND SOUTH. In the procedural program, it is a function that prints the description: def room2(): print The player reads the description, and presses W. There is no west door. The program's output is: YOU CANNOT MOVE THROUGH SOLID STONE and back to the main prompt. Pressing S moves the player through the South door into another room, where the status of the player is displayed, and the description of the new room. The data.py file, with the room descriptions is the biggest file in the procedural program. I've been told that a data class with a lot of random data in it is a CodeSmell. Is a data class that has room descriptions in it, with a function for each room, considered a bad design? And, since the setup table and the function that decides which room description is closely related, couldn't they also be a part of that data class? Is a data class a CodeSmell when all the functions are related? Or, should I have a room class that can instantiate 19 room objects which simply accesses the room functions from the data.py file as it is? As a side note: Really, the adventure game isn't too much different from the Bank Account program in your tutorial:: there are several accounts in the adventure game which are credited and debited as the game progresses. Pick up treasure: credit my wealth account. Fight a monster: debit strength account. Move from room to room: debit strength account. Eat food: credit wealth account. Buy a weapon: debit wealth account. The real difference between the two is: moving about the castle and exploring in the adventure game. In the Bank Account, you are pretty much in one room. You enter the bank, and leave the bank after taking care of business. Note: I haven't tried your code snippet below yet, so please keep that in mind. I may have other thoughts after I try it. These are just some things I thought about while reading your reply. I don't have any comments below. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] the second chapter deals with a Blackjack game. One thing I noticed (and remember, this is a Noob's viewpoint): The classes seemed to be designed from small to large, rather than from large to small. As I mentioned in an earlier mail it tends to oscillate in practice. You start off looking at the problem to identify the basic classes. Then you pick one or two and start designing those in detail and that identifies lower level classes. When you reach the point of being able to write some code you do so. The act of writing code brings up issues that get reflected back up the design - maybe even identifying new classes. Once you've written as much code as you can you go back up to the problem level, using your new found knowledge and design a bit more. Once you know enough to start coding go back into code mode again. This constant iteration between top level class discovery and low level class construction is what Grady Booch refers to in his book as Round Trip Gestalt Design and in practice is how most software other than the very biggest projects is built. I've noticed in my tutorial that several small programs introduce various classes as the chapter proceeds, then at the end, it is all used to make the final program. That's fine for the book: no telling how long, or what he had to do to get it to work that way. One of the problems of tutorials (my own included) is that you tend
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 8, 2008 3:24 PM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: and change the loop from while True: to while explr.alive: This would give you an Explorer class that actually does something useful. Kent It also cleaned up main(), and put everything in well defined packages at the top of the program. I can see do difference in game play. 8^D Here are your changes implemented, and working on my Linux system: #!/user/bin/python import time class Explorer(object): player def __init__(self,name): initilaization method self.name = name self.strength = 20 self.wealth = 60 self.alive = True def __str__(self): return %s, YOUR STRENGTH IS %d\n YOU HAVE $%d % (self.name, self.strength, self.wealth) def change_wealth(self, incr): self.wealth += incr if self.wealth = 0: print print ( YOU HAVE NO MONEY) time.sleep(1) def change_strength(self, incr): self.strength += incr if self.strength = 0: print (\n\n YOU DIED...) time.sleep(1) self.alive = False class Light(object): light switch def __init__(self,light): self.light = light def __str__(self): if self.light == 0: return IT IS TOO DARK TO SEE ANYTHING else: return THE LIGHTS ARE ON, BUT NO ONE'S HOME def cs(): print \n*50 def main(): tally = 0 switch = Light(0) #instance cs() # clear screen name = raw_input( WHAT IS YOUR NAME, EXPLORER? ) explr = Explorer(name) while explr.alive: cs() # clear screen print explr print switch print print answer = raw_input( WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO? [Q|L]: ) if answer.upper() == Q: break if answer.upper() == L: if switch.light == 1: switch.light = 0 else: switch.light = 1 explr.change_wealth(-15) explr.change_strength(-5) else: print ( INVALID CHOICE) tally += 1 print print ( FINAL SCORE:) print (TALLY: %d % tally) print ( STRENGTH: %d % explr.strength) print ( WEALTH: $%d % explr.wealth) if __name__ == __main__: main() Thanks Kent! I like these small incremental changes with explanations. I especially like the way you took blocks of code from main() and made methods out of them. The actual code itself, hardly changed! Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 7, 2008 9:40 PM, Tiger12506 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: There's a couple of errors in here that no one has addressed yet because the question was geared towards programming style... So now I will address them. Or undress them, I suppose. ;-) I didn't make much progress until I started thinking about the Explorer and Light classes as actual objects. I've tried to address what you undressed. 8^D Here is another version to undress: #!/user/bin/python import time class Explorer(object): player def __init__(self,name): initilaization method self.__name = name self.strength = 20 self.wealth = 60 def get_name(self): return self.__name class Light(object): light switch def __init__(self,light): self.light = light def state(self): if self.light == 0: print ( IT IS TOO DARK TO SEE ANYTHING) else: print ( THE LIGHTS ARE ON, BUT NO ONE'S HOME) def cs(): print \n*50 def main(): tally = 0 switch = Light(0) #instance cs() # clear screen name = raw_input( WHAT IS YOUR NAME, EXPLORER? ) explr = Explorer(name) while True: cs() # clear screen print ( %s, YOUR STRENGTH IS %d % (explr.get_name(), explr.strength)) print ( YOU HAVE $%d % explr.wealth) switch.state() print print answer = raw_input( WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO? [Q|L]: ) if answer.upper() == Q: break if answer.upper() == L: if switch.light == 1: switch.light = 0 else: switch.light = 1 explr.strength -= 5 explr.wealth -= 15 if explr.wealth = 0: print print ( YOU HAVE NO MONEY) time.sleep(1) if explr.strength = 0: print print ( YOU DIED...) time.sleep(1) break else: print ( INVALID CHOICE) tally += 1 print print ( FINAL SCORE:) print (TALLY: %d % tally) print ( STRENGTH: %d % explr.strength) print ( WEALTH: $%d % explr.wealth) if __name__ == __main__: main() Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 8, 2008 4:46 PM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu wrote: It also cleaned up main(), and put everything in well defined packages at the top of the program. Yes, good OOD puts things into cohesive, comprehensible packages. I can see do difference in game play. 8^D And that's a good thing, right? Refactoring is the process of changing a software system in such a way that it does not alter the external behavior of the code yet improves its internal structure. -- Martin Fowler in Refactoring The refactoring you just did is called Extract Method: http://www.refactoring.com/catalog/extractMethod.html Kent This is something that one can only gain from experience? I really had to struggle to get the Light class to work at all. I have no idea how many times I started over. But I do feel that I am starting to learn some of this stuff. As simple as the adventure game is, I can see that it will provide lots of practice for me to design and code it in Python OOP. Thanks Kent! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 6, 2008 8:15 PM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Design a little, code a little, repeat... http://personalpages.tds.net/~kent37/stories/3.html You can discover many useful design techniques by applying DRY. More here: http://personalpages.tds.net/~kent37/stories/00012.html It has a chapter that explains the code smells and points out ways to fix them. An abbreviated version is available here: http://wiki.java.net/bin/view/People/SmellsToRefactorings The writings of Robert C Martin have taught me a lot about good design and agile development. A lot of his work is available on-line: http://objectmentor.com/resources/publishedArticles.html http://objectmentor.com/resources/articles/Principles_and_Patterns.pdf might be a good starting point. http://objectmentor.com/resources/articles/xpepisode.htm attempts to give the flavor of agile, test-driven development. I don't use the command-line interpreter much, I do a lot more work in unit tests. I have written a little more about this here: http://personalpages.tds.net/~kent37/stories/7.html HTH, Kent Thank you Kent! I am open to all suggestions as to where to get started learning how to design with the Python Object-Oriented Paradigm. I'm doing a lot of reading, some coding (in my 'testing' directory), and a lot of thinking about what I'm trying to do. This is a learning situation. Since I'm a Hobbyist programmer, I don't have a 'class' deadline to meet (and believe me, I'm happy about that!). I do feel that learning how to do this will enhance the enjoyment of my Hobby for years to come. I do know that it will open a lot of doors for me that are currently closed, especially when it comes to creating games with Python/PyGame, and so forth. Plus, it is quite possible that this discussion will benefit others who are also just beginning. Happy Happy Joy Joy. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
I was asked: quote Here's a situation I often encounter, and I was wondering what the best practice is. I've generally initialized my classes' attributes this same way: class TestClass1(object): please give me a better name def __init__(self): please document me self.name = self.answer = self.strength = 20 self.wealth = 45 self.light = 0 self.tally = 0 but it could also be done like so: class TestClass1(object): please give me a better name name = answer = strength = 20 wealth = 45 light = 0 tally = 0 def __init__(self,name=Zed): please document me self.name = name ...etc. I realize that the two are NOT equivalent if you're using the class as a static class, rather than instantiating it (e.g. using a static class called Global while weaning oneself from global variables...) However, I'm asking about this present case: the class under discussion will always be instantiated. It seems to me that declaring the attributes in the class body makes the class more amenable to introspection, but are there downsides I'm not seeing? What's the best practice? /quote I've tried both ways and can't see any difference between the two as far as input/output is concerned. Best practice? -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 7, 2008 4:58 PM, Eric Brunson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu wrote: What is the equivalent of JUnit in Python? The article says that JUnit is used for unit tests, or you can write your own. Since I don't have a clue, writing my own is probably out the question. Also I'm not familiar with Java, and am just learning Python OOP, so I'm not getting much out of that one. Sorry. Absolute Beginner here. http://www.google.com/search?q=python+unit+test Cleverly called unittest, though sometimes referred to by its original project name PyUnit. :-) Cool! http://docs.python.org/lib/module-unittest.html The Python unit testing framework, sometimes referred to as ``PyUnit,'' is a Python language version of JUnit, by Kent Beck and Erich Gamma. JUnit is, in turn, a Java version of Kent's Smalltalk testing framework. Each is the de facto standard unit testing framework for its respective language. Who would have thunk it? I'll Google and see if I can find a nice PyUnit tutorial. So, is my first try dong a unit test a total bit-bucket case? No way to make a test case out of it? That would be a good example (for me). 8^D -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] A bit about python culture
On Feb 7, 2008 5:44 AM, Michael Bernhard Arp Sørensen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Greetings Masters. I was wondering if there's a well know word for python programmers, that is usable as a domain name. Unfortunately, pug.dk, as in python user group, Denmark, is unavailable here in Denmark. I hope to acquire a national domain name and let future local user groups choose their own third level domain name. Any ideas are welcome. -- Kind regards Michael B. Arp Sørensen Programmer / BOFH I am /root and if you see me laughing you better have a backup. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Your best bet might be to look at the old comedy sketches of Monty Python's Flying Circus. I've found several of their skits on YouTube. A couple of the more well known sketches are the Cheese Shop and the Dead Parrot, but there are others that may also be a source of ideas for names of a Python Programming domain. Even though the logo for many Python Programming sites is a python snake, the Python Programming language was named after the British comedy troupe. Happy Happy Joy Joy. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
Greetings, I've read both Kent's and Alan's approaches to designing a POOP, and am intrigued with the possibilities of the noun/verb/adjective technique, but am also sympathetic to the TDD method as well because it is how I've always programmed. I have noted Alan's comments on the limitations of TDD, as well as the limitations of the noun/verb/adjective method of design. The TDD method is the method used in my tutorial: Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner 2E. Michael Dawson. 2006. Dawson uses a very simple Tamagotchi example called Critter Caretaker to introduce the mechanics of POOP. However, perhaps he is using the TDD method of design? I'm still experimenting with the noun/verb/adjective design technique, but I was also itching to get started on something as well, so here is a first little testing snippet from the testing directory, using the TDD method. I'm confident that if I am using the terminology incorrectly, someone will point out the error of my ways. The Tutors are always saying they really can't help unless they see some code, so this is a simple adventure game that involves switching a light on and off. The gameplay isn't all that great, but it is a start. 8^D #!/user/bin/python From the testing laboratory of: b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m 2008-02-07 import time CS = \n*50 class TestClass1(object): please give me a better name def __init__(self): please document me self.name = self.answer = self.strength = 20 self.wealth = 45 self.light = 0 self.tally = 0 def main(): tc1 = TestClass1() # instance tc1.__init__() # invoke method print CS N1 = tc1.name N1 = raw_input( WHAT IS YOUR NAME, EXPLORER? ) # main game loop while True: print CS print ( %s, YOUR STRENGTH IS %d) % (N1, tc1.strength) print ( YOU HAVE $%d) % tc1.wealth if tc1.light == 0: print ( IT IS TOO DARK TO SEE ANYTHING) else: print ( THE LIGHT'S ON, BUT NO ONE'S HOME) print print A = tc1.answer A = raw_input( WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO? [Q|L]: ) # main game prompt if A.upper() == Q: break if A.upper() == L: light = raw_input( LIGHT? [0|1]: ) # turn the light on and off if light == 0 and tc1.light == 0: print ( THE LIGHT IS OFF) time.sleep(2) if tc1.wealth = 0: print print ( YOU HAVE NO MONEY) time.sleep(2) else: tc1.light = int(light) tc1.wealth -= 15 else: print ( INVALID CHOICE) time.sleep(2) tc1.tally += 1 tc1.strength -= 5 if tc1.strength = 0: print ( YOU DIED) time.sleep(2) break print print ( Final Score:) print (Tally: %d) % tc1.tally print ( Wealth: $%d) % tc1.wealth print ( Strength: %d) % tc1.strength if __name__ == __main__: main() On Feb 7, 2008 4:15 AM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote Let me say that I don't mean any disrespect for Alan or his approach, I just have a different point of view. Heh, heh! I was waiting for someone to post a message like this. I'll respond by saying the noun/verb thing is not actually the method I would normally use (although when all else fails I do drop back to it as a starter technique). However I have found it to be a techhnique that woerks well for beginners who don't know how to get started. Partly because it is fairly mechanistic. But noun/verb does have some problems and often produces designs that have too many classes and that do not make best use of OOP idioms like polymorphism or abstraction. But for beginners and in small problems it is a good starter. Also I will say that converting a procedural program to OO 'just because' is not necessarily a good idea. Not every program is improved by OOP. In your case, it probably will be though. This is absolutely true. Too many people approach OOP as if it were some kind of holy grail that is inherently better than other styles - it isn't, its just another tool in the toolkit. I tend to work from small pieces to larger ones and let the design grow from the needs of the code, rather than from considerations of nouns and verbs in the spec. I agree at the micro level and in fact my discussion of explorers and monsters merging into a figher superclass hopefully illustrates how that micro level design/code cycle can generate new features of a design including new classes/objects. Many OO Design gurus have commented on the way that OO design tends to cycle between top down design - identifying core classes - and bottom up design - writing the lowest building blocks and using that to discover more about the higher level needs. OO
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 7, 2008 4:07 PM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu wrote: The TDD method is the method used in my tutorial: Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner 2E. Michael Dawson. 2006. Dawson uses a very simple Tamagotchi example called Critter Caretaker to introduce the mechanics of POOP. However, perhaps he is using the TDD method of design? I don't think Dawson uses TDD. AFAIK he doesn't talk about unit-testing at all, which is the fundamental practice of TDD. For an example of unit tests in Python, see http://docs.python.org/lib/minimal-example.html here is a first little testing snippet from the testing directory, using the TDD method. I'm confident that if I am using the terminology incorrectly, someone will point out the error of my ways. I think you are using the terminology incorrectly. I would call this an example of experimental programming, maybe. A classic example of TDD in Java is here: http://junit.sourceforge.net/doc/testinfected/testing.htm What is the equivalent of JUnit in Python? The article says that JUnit is used for unit tests, or you can write your own. Since I don't have a clue, writing my own is probably out the question. Also I'm not familiar with Java, and am just learning Python OOP, so I'm not getting much out of that one. Sorry. Absolute Beginner here. class TestClass1(object): please give me a better name def __init__(self): please document me self.name = self.answer = self.strength = 20 self.wealth = 45 self.light = 0 self.tally = 0 This is a good example of a data class - a class that is just a container for data. That is a code smell. It seems to contain unrelated values - name and strength are attributes of the player, light is an attribute of the environment. So it should probably be more than one class, or, since the entire program is in one loop, these could just be local variables of main(). Well, most of these were local variables in main() in the procedural version of this program. So DataClass() is what I should name such a class. I was wondering about that. These variables were all initialized in the procedural program before the loop started. Also, the Castle was setup as part of the initialization, but I'm not dealing with that here. I'm just trying to learn how to design here. I figured I'd put the Castle setup in it's own class because it is an object (using the model as a real-world object method). I don't think I can worry about whether the CodeSmells at this point. I'm thinking I need to design something that works, then be able to refactor it to eliminate as many CodeSmells as I can. But! Noted: a DataClass is a CodeSmell. def main(): tc1 = TestClass1() # instance tc1.__init__() # invoke method The __init__() method is called implicitly by calling TestClass1(). Generally the only time you explicitly call __init__() is when calling the method of a base class. I can fix that right now! Back to the laboratory! 8^D Kent Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 7, 2008 6:47 PM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote What is the equivalent of JUnit in Python? I think the nearest equivalent is Oops, I was going top say PyUnit then remembered the name had changed but forgot to check out the latest incarnation. Fortyunately others have done the work for me. Personally I like the Nose framework that comes with TurboGears but even hand written unit tests are no big deal in Python - just use asserts and other invariant checks and tests etc liberally Alan G. PyUnit: It really doesn't seem to be an absolute beginner technique. The noun/verb/adjective technique seems to be geared more towards beginners. I like the idea of that technique. Perhaps the unit test approach is more for Intermediate learners, or learners who already have a background in OOP of some form or another (like Java). I'm just starting out, so I'm looking at everything that is thrown at me, but quite frankly, it is really easy for me to see something that is over my head at this point. If it's over my head, I'll just stall, like I have in the past, and then I'll have to start this thread over again later. sigh 8^D I guess you can tell it's been a long day for me. I've done some reading, some coding, some experimenting... all in a day's play for a Hobbyist Programmer. 8^D I'll take another look at PyUnit tomorrow morning when I'm fresh. One thing I'm encouraged by: in Alan's tutorial, he says that I don't have to see the light to use POOP. But if I can learn some basic design POOP techniques from all this, then I'll be happy. After all, I'm a beginner... you can't get any more basic than that! Happy Happy Joy Joy. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 5, 2008 3:02 PM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: One of the earliest ways of doing this has now fallen sonewhat out of favour but in practie I find it works quite well for beginners is: Describe the problem in plain English text(or whatever you language is!). Underline the nouns and separate into proper and common nouns. Common nouns are likely classes (although be careful to check for synonyms - the same class described by different nouns) while proper nouns are likely to be instances of classes (which classes may or may not be in your list of common nouns) Identify the common noun (class) that applies and add to your list. This sounds like a good suggestion! I've already started, and have a rough draft. I still need to knock the rough edges off the description. How detailed do you make your description? Do you write an overview that isn't very detailed, or do you describe every detail you can think of? (My rough draft is quite detailed because I have just finished writing the procedural program, and have all the details in my head.) Actually, writing a description of the problem in Plain English is part of designing any computer program (according to some old programming texts I have). This is why beginning computer programmers should stay awake in English class, and pay attention to grammar! Now go through and identify the verbs and adjectives in the text. Assign each to a noun. Verns are potential methods of the classes and adjectives are potential attributes. Noted: potential The end result is a candidate set of classes with potential methods and attributes. Now try linking them together to identify relationships. Don't be surprised if not all classes are related to others - you will usuially identify more classes than you need and some classes will be demoted to attributes of other more significant classes. And a few attributes may get promoted to classes in their own right. I had a 'testing' directory when I wrote the procedural version of the program. I tested snippets of code to see if they would work, before putting them in the main program. I can see that a similar 'testing' directory will be well used when designing this POOP version. 8^D Once you have your candidate classes pick a few that look like they will be core to the problem and try to work through some scenarios focussing on the interactions between the objects. At this point its often good to think of the objects in physical terms - as if you were building a mechanical model of the problem rather than a software version. What kinds of signals or messagews would you send to each object and how would each object interact with those around it This is why I chose the Text Adventure Game as a learning program. It is full of objects that can be thought of in physical terms! I'm not quite clear how they will message each other (yet), but that will probably become clearer as I work through this. Don't at this stage worry too much about inheritance. Focus on function. If you find that several classes have the same or similar methods then consider if they are sub types of an abstract superclass. Do NOT use data attributes for this, always base inheritance heirarchies on behaviour. Noted. Worth a try. It will miss many OOP tricks but as a starter methodology it is how millions of OOP programmers began. As you gain experience you will identify common abstract patterns. Once that starts then go and read the design patterns book by Gamma et al. This is exactly the kind of thing I was looking for I'm sure I'll have more questions as I go along. Thats how I'd do it, I'm sure others will suggest other approaches. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld Thank you Alan! Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 5, 2008 3:02 PM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Describe the problem in plain English text(or whatever you language is!). -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld Here is my description, in plain English. Text Adventure Game Requirements: 1. The Explorer enters her name at a prompt. 2. Other things are initialized at this point. 3. The layout of the Castle is defined. 4. Treasure is placed in rooms in the Castle. A. Treasure is distributed randomly to four rooms. B. Treasure is placed in two specific rooms. 5. Four Monsters are randomly distributed to four rooms in the Castle. A. No monsters should be placed at Entrance or Exit. B. Each monster has a name. C. Each monster has a Ferocity Factor / Danger Level. 6. She has 100 strength and $75 wealth to start with. A. Strength is decremented 5 for each prompt entry. 1. If strength equals zero: a. She dies. b. Final score displayed. c. Game over. B. Strength can be incremented by consuming food. C. Wealth can be used to buy things in QuarterMaster's Store. D. Wealth can be incremented by finding and picking-up treasure. 7. She does not have food, weapons, armor, magic, or light. 8. She starts at the Entrance to the Castle (Room 6). 9. She cannot see anything without a light. 10. She enters commands at the prompt in order to: A. Move in six directions [N,S,E,W,U,D]: 1. Move in indicated direction. 2. Informed she cannot move in indicated direction. 3. Her strength is decremented 5 each move. 4. The tally of moves is incremented 1 each move. B. Access the Provisions Inventory menu [I]: 1. She must have some wealth to access the PI menu. 2. She can purchase items from the menu: a. Light is 0 or 1. b. Weapons: Axe / Sword is 0 or 1. c. Food units. 1. She is told how many units of food she has. 2. She is asked how many units of food she wants to buy. d. Magic amulet. e. Armor. 3. Wealth is decremented after each purchase. a. She is informed when she has no money, and exited from the store. b. She loses everything except strength and food, if she tries to spend more wealth than she has. C. She can pick-up treasure [P]. 1. She cannot pick-up treasure if she cannot see it (she needs light). 2. The treasure will remain in the room if not picked-up. D. She can run from a monster [R]. 1. She may be asked where she wants to flee to (direction). 2. She may be told she must stand and fight (random decision). E. She can fight a monster. 1. Wearing armor increases her chance of success. 2. If she has a weapon, she must fight with it. 3. If she has two weapons, she is asked which one she wants to use. 4. If she has no weapon(s), she must fight bare-handed. a. The Explorer or the monster may attack first (random decision). b. The Explorer or the monster may wound the other (random decision). c. The Explorer or the monster may defeat the other. 1. Strength is decremented from the Explorer during the fight. 2. Ferocity Factor is decremented from the monster during the fight. 11. She can consume food [C]. A. She must have food to consume 1. She is told how many units of food she has. 2. She is asked how many units of food she wants to eat. 12. She can use the Magic Amulet [M]. A. She must have the Magic Amulet in her possession. B. The Magic Amulet will move her to a random room in the Castle. 1. It should not move her to the Entrance or Exit. 13. The game ends when she exits the Castle (finds Room 11). A. Exit message is displayed. B. Final Score is displayed. 1. Final score depends on several factors: a. Strength, wealth, tally, food, number of monsters killed. Now the hard part: grammar. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
Thank you Alan. This helps tremendously! I had gone to your OOP tutorial and read it over (again) and the closest thing I could find on that page was the Bank Account example that had a list of things a bank account might be expected to do. So away I went, making a list. The problems with that approach surfaced as soon as I started trying to identify the nouns (potential classes and instances), adjectives (potential attributes) and verbs (potential methods). I'm making mistakes, but at least that shows that I'm trying. If nothing else, I now know what doesn't work. 8^D Actually, I'm not expecting to get this done today. It may take awhile. From my past experience, that is how the design process goes. But if I can learn how to do this, I'm pretty sure it will save a lot of time when I work on future projects. Back to the drawing board! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] On Feb 6, 2008 12:06 PM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote Here is my description, in plain English. Text Adventure Game Requirements: 1. The Explorer enters her name at a prompt. 2. Other things are initialized at this point. 3. The layout of the Castle is defined. 4. Treasure is placed in rooms in the Castle. Actually thats not really plain English its a very structured English. In fact it approaches procedural pseudo code! Its possibly a little too detailed too. I'd go for a more free-form paragraph or two(at most) something like: -- I want to build a text adventure game based around an explorer moving around a castle with multiple rooms,. In each rooms there could be various items of treasure or monsters. To win the game the explorer has to collect as much treasure as possible and defeat as many monsters as possible. Treasure is worth points and the expolorer starts off with a given amount of strength and points. .. Because its a text game the interface will consist of a series of input prompts with responses and printed status messages. The game is over when. --- That should be shorter and less likely to predispose your thinking to a particular approach - such as when the initialisation takes place, or how many rooms or premature consideration of the command structures etc. These things should emerge as you create the object definitions and interactions. The initial aim is only to find the half dozen to a dozen key classes top get started. Other classes will emerge as you progress, and some of the original candidates may merge into others or be discarded. And don't forget that there could well be a game class/object to control the overall flow of the game and coordinate the actions of the other objects. For example the prompt/response/display mechanism might be part of the game class (and they might be classes too!). This would maximise reuse of the compnent objects within a different game framework ( a GUI fort instance) later. HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 6, 2008 12:06 PM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote Here is my description, in plain English. Text Adventure Game Requirements: 1. The Explorer enters her name at a prompt. 2. Other things are initialized at this point. 3. The layout of the Castle is defined. 4. Treasure is placed in rooms in the Castle. Actually thats not really plain English its a very structured English. In fact it approaches procedural pseudo code! Its possibly a little too detailed too. My first try didn't work. I'm going to try again. I'm intrigued with the idea that the nouns, verbs, and adjectives can indicate possible classes, instances, methods, and attributes. While I'm familiar with the objects in this TAG example, I'd like to have a way to approach something that I'm not as familiar with. I like the idea of this technique. It seems like it should work with just about anything that can be modelled as an object. I have a tendancy to think about things as actual objects (but probably not OOP objects -- more like real objects, like a vase). I also like techniques. I know this much: Explorer: has strength wealth, can carry weapons food, can wear armor, can pick-up treasure, can fight monsters, can wound monsters, can defeat monsters, can move from room to room. Monster: can be anywhere, has Ferocity Factor / Danger Level, can fight Explorer, can wound Explorer, can defeat Explorer. Treasure: can be picked-up, can be in any room in Castle (except entrance and exit). Castle: contains interconnected rooms, has three levels. Rooms: room has door(s), door(s) connect to other rooms, room has description, can contain treasure, can contain monster. The trick is to take all that stuff, and figure out what the classes are, the instances, the methods, and the attributes. So it seems I need to write something descriptive about exploring the above. Subject, verb, adjective object. I must start somewhere! 8^D The above is much smaller than my previous pseudocode attempt. I'd go for a more free-form paragraph or two(at most) something like: -- I want to build a text adventure game based around an explorer moving around a castle with multiple rooms,. In each rooms there could be various items of treasure or monsters. To win the game the explorer has to collect as much treasure as possible and defeat as many monsters as possible. Treasure is worth points and the expolorer starts off with a given amount of strength and points. .. Because its a text game the interface will consist of a series of input prompts with responses and printed status messages. The game is over when. --- That should be shorter and less likely to predispose your thinking to a particular approach - such as when the initialisation takes place, or how many rooms or premature consideration of the command structures etc. These things should emerge as you create the object definitions and interactions. The initial aim is only to find the half dozen to a dozen key classes top get started. Other classes will emerge as you progress, and some of the original candidates may merge into others or be discarded. And don't forget that there could well be a game class/object to control the overall flow of the game and coordinate the actions of the other objects. For example the prompt/response/display mechanism might be part of the game class (and they might be classes too!). This would maximise reuse of the compnent objects within a different game framework ( a GUI fort instance) later. HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Happy Happy Joy Joy -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] designing POOP
Greetings, POOP: Python Object Oriented Programming/Programmer/Program(s) I have finished the procedural Python version of the Text Adventure Game. See attached uuencoded zip file which contains tag10.py, data.py and actions.py. [uudecode tag.uue; unzip tag.zip; python tag10.zip] Now I am interested in learning how to DESIGN an object-oriented version of the game in Python. All my Python tutorials show me the mechanics of how to MAKE classes. What I'm interested in is the thought processes and/or guidelines that Tutors employ when they sit down to design a POOP. Can I use the procedural program as a specification? I'd like the input/output and gameplay to be the same. However, I'd like to design the program so it can be expanded in the future. If I'm not mistaken, 'reuse' is a design criteria? My main tutorial is: Programming Python for the Absolute Beginner 2E. Michael Dawson. Boston, MA: Thomson Course Technology, 2006. ISBN-13 978-1-59863-112-8 I also have access to online tutorials. Most of the tutorials I've seen are mainly about how to MAKE a class, ie. the mechanics of POOP. Give a person a fish, feed them for a day. Teach them to fish, and they'll be gone fishing all day. I already have examples of how to make classes. Can you explain how to DESIGN classes. (I see a difference here.) How do you design POOP? What are the guidelines you keep in mind to design good POOP? Can an absolute beginner learn to design POOP? 8^D -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] tag.uue Description: Binary data ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] designing POOP
On Feb 5, 2008 1:13 PM, Marc Tompkins [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Feb 5, 2008 5:46 AM, bhaaluu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: What I'm interested in is the thought processes and/or guidelines that Tutors employ when they sit down to design a POOP. The Code Smells page is as good a starting place as any: http://c2.com/xp/CodeSmell.html -- www.fsrtechnologies.com This page looks good: http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?PrinciplesOfObjectOrientedDesign 8^D -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] good reference book recommendations
Being a book snob, I'd go for the O'Reilly Nutshell book over the SAMS Essential Reference. I've always had good luck with books published by O'Reilly. I have neither of the books you asked about, because I use online docs. I don't need no steenkin' dead tree Python reference. 8^P Actually, I've heard several recommendations for the Nutshell book, but never heard of the Beaszely book. Sprinkle with salt. Go to Borders or BN and check them out (if they're on the shelf). It shouldn't take more than a few minutes for you to see which one fits you! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] On Feb 4, 2008 6:54 PM, tyler [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, At the risk of beating a well-dead horse, I'm looking for book suggestions. I've already got Core Python Programming, but I find it doesn't quite suit my needs. I'd like a comprehensive and *concise* reference to the core language and standard libraries. It looks like Beazely's Essential Reference and the Martelli's Nutshell book are both aimed to fill this role - any reason to choose one over the other? The free library reference would almost do for me, except that I want a hardcopy and it's a big document to print out. Thanks! Tyler ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] [Fwd: PyWeek 6 is coming!]
Would you consider a python-Tutor team member who: 1. Is new to Python? 2. Never worked with a programming team before? 3. Doesn't have much gaming experience? 4. Doesn't have a recent version of MS-Windows (has Mac OS X or GNU/Linux)? 5. May not be running the latest and greatest version of Python? 6. Is willing to learn! If so, in what ways could such a team member contribute to the challenge? (Hoping to start a discussion here!) Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] On Feb 2, 2008 7:54 AM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: For all of the budding game authors on the list...maybe there is interest in a python-tutor team? (No, I am not volunteering to lead it though of course the list is available for help.) Kent Original Message Subject: PyWeek 6 is coming! Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2008 08:11:34 +1100 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] CC: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] PyWeek 6 will run from 00:00 UTC on March 30th through to 00:00 UTC on April 6th. Registration is NOT OPEN YET. It will open on Friday 2008/02/29. If you're new (or even coming back again) please have a look at the rules and help pages at http://www.pyweek.org/ The PyWeek challenge: 1. Invites entrants to write a game in one week from scratch either as an individual or in a team, 2. Is intended to be challenging and fun, 3. Will hopefully increase the public body of game tools, code and expertise, 4. Will let a lot of people actually finish a game, and 5. May inspire new projects (with ready made teams!) Entries must be developed in Python during the challenge, and must incorporate some theme decided at the start of the challenge. -- Visit the PyWeek website: http://www.pyweek.org/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Livewires
On Feb 1, 2008 11:41 PM, Seon Kang [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Python will not recognize the keyboard class of livewires. what is my problem? (i have imported the modules and everything) ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Can you show us the error? Which platform are you running? Python/PyGame versions? Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 31, 2008 3:19 AM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote how to program a TAG in Python. My goal is to code the game in POOP POOP Python Object Oriented Programming 8^D I fixed enough typos in two of the games in the book to get them running in a GWBASIC interpreter on an old 286 DOS computer. Why not run it on a modern computer under QBASIC which, last time I looked, was still being shipped with Win98 and NT4 - dunno about XP/Vista. But there are several unofficial download sites on the web too. And the QBASIC IDE is much nicer than GWBASIC Try it. I'll even send the code that is working in GWBASIC to you if you think you can get it working in QBasic. The 286 has all the old interpreters/compilers on it. I used QBasic to fix most of the typos in the code, but never could get the code to work in QBasic. (QBasic was the first interpreter I learned to program with -- I never did learn the old line-numbered BASIC). Once I fixed everything I could in QBasic, I fired up the program in GWBASIC and it runs fine. I don't have MS-XP/Vista/NT. I have MS-DOS 6.2, MS-Windows 3.1, MS-Windows95. I've been using GNU/Linux as my primary OS since 1996. My computer museum includes a 286,386,486, an old Pentium, a 586, and a 686. Thats why the original version of my tutorial useed QBASIC as one of its languages. It came for free with Windows. I've seen your QBasic/Python tutorial! HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 29, 2008 9:26 PM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Try if keY == 6 or keY == 11 or tablE[keY-1][6] != 0: tablE[5][6] = 0 tablE[10][6] = 0 etc. Kent PS what's with the strange capitalization of variable names? It's a test snippet. I use unusual names in my tests. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 29, 2008 9:26 PM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu wrote: if keY == 6 or keY == 11 or tablE.values()[keY-1][6] != 0: tablE.values()[5][6] = 0 tablE.values()[10][6] = 0 This is not the right way to access the values of a dict. tablE.values() is a list of the values in tablE, but it is not in the order you expect; it is easiest to think that it is in a random or indeterminate order. Try if keY == 6 or keY == 11 or tablE[keY-1][6] != 0: tablE[5][6] = 0 tablE[10][6] = 0 etc. Kent Now that you mention it, I do seem to remember that the order of a list is indeterminate. What kind of Python array structure would you use if you need to access each element in the exact order it appears in the table? The only element that gets changed is the last one, all the others stay exactly the same. So far, this structure seems to be working okay in the big program. Maybe 2-3% of the time is an integer put in keys 6 or 11. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 30, 2008 8:24 AM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
bhaaluu wrote:
Now that you mention it, I do seem to remember that the order of
a list is indeterminate.
No; the order of a dict is indeterminate, and consequently the order of
lists derived from dicts with keys(), values(), etc. is indeterminate.
The order of the dictionary is indeterminate. But the key is always
attached to the value, and in my case, the value is a list, so
print tablE.keys() #prints all the keys [in an ordered list, 1-19]
print tablE.keys()[5] #prints the key, 6
print tablE.values() #prints a list of [all [the lists]]
print tablE.values()[5] #prints only the [list for key 6]
print tablE.values()[5][2] #prints the third element: 1
So what you're saying here is that while it might work okay on
my system, that this may not work the same way on another
system?
The order of a list is determined by how you create it.
Yes, this is how it works in my list test, and this is what my Python
books say. (Although I may have forgotten that on a conscious level,
I am now reminded of it.) 8^D
What kind of Python array structure would you use if you need to
access each element in the exact order it appears in the table?
A list of lists may be the correct structure for your program. You could
define tablE as
tablE= [[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 1
[ 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 2
[ 2, 0, 5, 2, 0, 0, 0],# 3
...
[ 9, 0, 0,16, 0, 0, 0]] # 19
Kent
I'll give it a go, and see if I can make that work.
However, except for not getting 100% in my number
distribution routine, the dictionary seems to be working okay
(on my system).
Here's a simple example of the dictionary in action.
for loops have replaced all the if selections... this was the first example.
I've left the if's in so the table.values() can be easily seen.
#!/usr/bin/python
# 2007-01-19
# 2007-01-20
Map
+--+--+
| | |
| 5 |
| 1 | |
| +-- --+N
| | ||
+-- --+ 4 | W--+--E
| | ||
| +-- --+S
| 2 | |
| 3 |
| | |
+--+--+
#rm# N S E W
travelTable = {1:[0,2,5,0],
2:[1,0,3,0],
3:[4,0,0,2],
4:[5,3,0,0],
5:[0,4,0,1]}
def main():
roomNum = 1
print \
Instructions:
Move through the rooms by pressing [N] for North, [S]
for South, [E] for East, [W] for West, and [Q] to Quit.
These movement keys are not case sensitive (ie. [n] is
the same as [N]).
name = raw_input(What is your name? )
exploring=True
while exploring:
print name + , your strength is,
print str(strength) +.
#
print name,you are in room,roomNum
#
if travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][0] != 0:
print A door leads North.
if travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][1] != 0:
print A door leads South.
if travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][2] != 0:
print A door leads East.
if travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][3] != 0:
print A door leads West.
#
move = raw_input(Which way do you want to go? )
if move.upper() == Q:
exploring=False
#
if move.upper()==N and travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][0] == 0:
print
print You cannot move that way.
if move.upper()==S and travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][1] == 0:
print
print You can't walk through walls.
if move.upper()==E and travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][2] == 0:
print
print Try another direction.
if move.upper()==W and travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][3] == 0:
print
print There is no door to the West.
#
if move.upper() ==N and travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][0] != 0:
roomNum = travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][0]
if move.upper() ==S and travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][1] != 0:
roomNum = travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][1]
if move.upper() ==E and travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][2] != 0:
roomNum = travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][2]
if move.upper() ==W and travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][3] != 0:
roomNum = travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][3]
#
print
main()
--
b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m
You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its
orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such
allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil.
A good person will resist an evil system
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 30, 2008 9:22 AM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This is implementation dependent. [snip] if travelTable.values()[roomNum-1][0] != 0: Again, the use of travelTable.values() is pointless, inefficient (it creates a new list every time you call it) and indeterminate. Really, you shouldn't be doing this. I can't think of any reason to code this way. Kent This is good to know! The reason I coded it that way is because I'm learning. I seem to always be learning... that's why I'm subscribed to THIS list. 8^D Back to the drawing board! Thank you very much for your help! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 30, 2008 3:35 AM, Alan Gauld [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In addition to Kents comments about dictionaruy access I think there may be another problem in your logic. bhaaluu [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote The first loop is supposed to populate G with a random range of 4 integers 10 to 109 in random keys 1-19 that have a zero (except keY 6 and keY 11) So keY 6 and keY 11 should both have a zero in G after the four integers have been sown. if keY == 6 or keY == 11 or tablE.values()[keY-1][6] != 0: tablE.values()[5][6] = 0 tablE.values()[10][6] = 0 cnt -= 1 keY = random.choice(a) This detects any of the exception cases so a simple else clause should be sufficient for the others. However if you really want an explicit check... if keY != 6 or keY != 11 or table.values()[keY-1][6] == 0: This test should use 'and' rather than 'or' since you want all of the conditions to be true, not just one of them. But since the failing condituions should all have been caught above simply using else here would do what I think you want. b = range(10,110) # 10 to 109 integer = random.choice(b) tablE.values()[keY-1][6] = integer cnt += 1 -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld Thank you Alan and Kent. Your suggestions caused me to completely start from scratch. It also looks like the nested sequence will be easier to use in the long run (and I'm into this for the long run!). 8^D This is working properly now on my GNU/Linux system running Python 2.4.3: #!/usr/bin/python # 2008-01-30 import random # setup environment # N S E W U D T travelTable=[[0,2,0,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 1 [1,3,3,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 2 [2,0,5,2,0,0,0],# ROOM 3 [0,5,0,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 4 [4,0,0,3,5,13,0], # ROOM 5 [0,0,1,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 6 [0,8,0,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 7 [7,0,0,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 8 [0,9,0,0,0,8,0],# ROOM 9 [8,0,11,0,0,0,0], # ROOM 10 [0,0,10,0,0,0,0], # ROOM 11 [0,0,0,13,0,0,0], # ROOM 12 [0,0,12,0,5,0,0], # ROOM 13 [0,15,17,0,0,0,0], # ROOM 14 [14,0,0,0,0,5,0], # ROOM 15 [17,0,19,0,0,0,0], # ROOM 16 [18,16,0,14,0,0,0], # ROOM 17 [0,17,0,0,0,0,0], # ROOM 18 [9,0,0,16,0,0,0]] # ROOM 19 # distribute positive numbers 10 to 109 # place in last element of 4 random lists # nothing is placed in list 6 or 11 cnt=0 while cnt = 3: a = range(1,20) room = random.choice(a) if room != 6 and room != 11 and travelTable[room-1][6] == 0: b = range(10,110) treasure = random.choice(b) travelTable[room-1][6] = treasure else: cnt -= 1 cnt += 1 # distribute negtive numbers -4 to -1 # place in last element of 4 random lists # nothing is placed in list 6 or 11 cnt=4 while cnt 0: a = range(1,20) room = random.choice(a) if room != 6 and room != 11 and travelTable[room-1][6] == 0: travelTable[room-1][6] = -cnt else: cnt += 1 cnt -= 1 # put positive numbers in the last element # of two specific lists overwriting any # number that exists a = range(1,99) travelTable[3][6]= 100 + random.choice(a) travelTable[15][6]= 100 + random.choice(a) print 1:, travelTable[0][6] print 2:, travelTable[1][6] print 3:, travelTable[2][6] print 4:, travelTable[3][6] print 5:, travelTable[4][6] print 6:, travelTable[5][6] print 7:, travelTable[6][6] print 8:, travelTable[7][6] print 9:, travelTable[8][6] print 10:, travelTable[9][6] print 11:, travelTable[10][6] print 12:, travelTable[11][6] print 13:, travelTable[12][6] print 14:, travelTable[13][6] print 15:, travelTable[14][6] print 16:, travelTable[15][6] print 17:, travelTable[16][6] print 18:, travelTable[17][6] print 19:, travelTable[18][6] # end of program -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 30, 2008 12:46 PM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu wrote: # distribute positive numbers 10 to 109 # place in last element of 4 random lists # nothing is placed in list 6 or 11 cnt=0 while cnt = 3: a = range(1,20) room = random.choice(a) room = random.randint(1, 19) is simpler. if room != 6 and room != 11 and travelTable[room-1][6] == 0: b = range(10,110) treasure = random.choice(b) Use randint() here too. travelTable[room-1][6] = treasure else: cnt -= 1 cnt += 1 This use of cnt is a bit strange. Why not increment only in the successful 'if' and get rid of the 'else' entirely? Rather than repeating the loop until you get three distinct, valid random numbers, you could do something like this: # Change 7 rooms, not room 6 or 11 changeableRooms = range(1, 20) changeableRooms.remove(6) changeableRooms.remove(11) roomsToChange = random.sample(changeableRooms, 7) # First three get something good for room in roomsToChange[:3]: travelTable[room-1][6] = random.randint(10, 119) # Last four get something bad for i, room in enumerate(roomsToChange[3:]): travelTable[room-1][6] = -i-1 print 1:, travelTable[0][6] etc - use a loop and string formatting: for i, room in enumerate(travelTable): print ' %s: %s' % (i+1, room[6]) Finally, you might consider putting a dummy entry at travelTable[0], or number the rooms from 0, so you don't have to adjust the indices all the time. Kent Thank you Kent! All of these look like very useful suggestions. What I'm trying to do is implement an old Text Adventure Game that was written c.1983. I'm trying to keep the flavor of the game as close as possible to the original. I'm not old enough, in computer years, to remember the Glory Days of Text Adventure Games on computers like the Apple ][, Atari, Commodore 64, IBM PC, VIC 20, and so forth. As a result, I don't know anything about Text Adventure Games. So this is a real learning experience for me in more ways than just learning Python. The book I'm using as a reference is at: http://www.atariarchives.org/adventure/ Creating Adventure Games On Your Computer. The author was Tim Hartnell. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hartnell Most of the problems so far stem from the old line-numbered BASIC's GOTO [line-number] statements. There are other problems as well, but _that one crops up regularly. Nevertheless, it has been fun, so far. I'm a Hobbyist programmer, so even if I don't succeed at making a Retro-game, I'm having fun trying. At least I'm getting a good idea of what an old-timey Text Adventure Game is all about. The only thing I can think of of, is that it must have been quite a challenge to get one of those old computers to do anything at all so if someone could get a TAG working, it must have been quite a thrill! 8^D Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 30, 2008 2:24 PM, bob gailer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu wrote: # N S E W U D T travelTable=[[0,2,0,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 1 [1,3,3,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 2 It is good to finally see that you are building an adventure game. Consider creating a instance of a Room class for each room and saving them in a collection such as a list. This will give you much more flexibility as your game grows. WooHoo! YES! This is what I started out wanting to do, as an exercise in learning Python Object Oriented Programming (POOP). I thought a Text Adventure Game would be a perfect learning tool because it seems to have objects that model the real world (or a fantasy world). There is the Explorer, a world (The Castle), Rooms to explore, objects in the rooms, like Treasure to be picked-up, and Monsters to fight. However, not having any experience with Text Adventure Games has been a real bummer for me as far as designing POOP classes. So I fell back on procedural programming in order to learn more about TAGs, so I'd have a better idea about how to design the class in POOP. Inevitably I wound up doing a bunch of things more Pythonically so there may be stuff here you don't relate to yet. But is is all worth studying and will save you hours of headache later. I really appreciate source code. I probably learn faster by modifying and running source code than anything else, unless it is a step-by-step tutorial that also has source code that can be modified and run! 8^D - code - import random class Room: roomNo = 0 def __init__(self, destinations, updatable=True): Room.roomNo += 1 self.roomNo = Room.roomNo self.destinations = destinations # store treasure apaart from destinations self.treasure = 0 # add intial treasure self.updatable = updatable # may have the treasure updated def updateTreasure(self, treasure): self.treasure = treasure def __repr__(self): return %s:%s % (self.roomNo, self.treasure) rooms = [ Room([0,2,0,0,0,0]), # ROOM 1 Room([1,3,3,0,0,0]), # ROOM 2 Room([2,0,5,2,0,0]), # ROOM 3 Room([0,5,0,0,0,0]), # ROOM 4 Room([4,0,0,3,5,13]), # ROOM 5 Room([0,0,1,0,0,0], False), # ROOM 6 flagged as not updatable Room([0,8,0,0,0,0]), # ROOM 7 Room([7,0,0,0,0,0]), # ROOM 8 Room([0,9,0,0,0,8]), # ROOM 9 # etc for the rest of the rooms - ] # note I omitted the initial treasure value since it is always 0 # I modified the last for statement to account for only 9 rooms # use random.sample to create random subsets of values and rooms # - eliminates all the loops and tests # note this ensures no duplicate treasures (do you want that?) # create list of 8 random treasure values values = random.sample(range(10,110),4) + random.sample(range(-4, 0),4) # create list of 8 randomly selected updatable rooms roomsToUpdate= random.sample([room for room in rooms if room.updatable], 8) # update the rooms' Treasures for room, value in zip(roomsToUpdate, values): room.updateTreasure(value) a = range(1,99) for room in (3,5): rooms[room].updateTreasure(100 + random.choice(a)) for room in rooms: print room - end code - I'll copy/paste this into an editor, and see if I can make it do anything. Thank you! Things I did not do, but suggest: - store the room destinations in a text file rather than hard-coding them in the program. It is almost always a good idea to separate logic from data. Right now, my procedural Python program has a main.py, data.py and action.py. After Kent told me about using a nested sequence structure instead of a dictionary, all I had to do was edit data.py and change the table from a dictionary to a list of lists, then edit the other two files and do a simple search and destroy to get rid of the .values() . It really didn't take as long as I thought it would to change over. -create a Treasure class, storing instances directly in roo,s rather than indexes, and storing treasure definitions in the text file. -store room instances in the destinations rather than indexes. At this point you no longer need indexes! -- Bob Gailer 919-636-4239 Chapel Hill, NC Thanks again for the POOP! Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
I got Bob's code running! Here it is for all nineteen rooms: #!/usr/bin/python # 2008-01-30 # bob gailer [Tutor] import random class Room: roomNo = 0 def __init__(self, destinations, updatable=True): Room.roomNo += 1 self.roomNo = Room.roomNo self.destinations = destinations # store treasure apaart from destinations self.treasure = 0 # add intial treasure self.updatable = updatable # may have the treasure updated def updateTreasure(self, treasure): self.treasure = treasure def __repr__(self): return %s:%s % (self.roomNo, self.treasure) # Table of Rooms rooms = [ Room([0,2,0,0,0,0,0]),# 1 Hallway Room([1,3,3,0,0,0,0]),# 2 Audience Chamber Room([2,0,5,2,0,0,0]),# 3 Great Hall Room([0,5,0,0,0,0,0]),# 4 Private Meeting Room Room([4,0,0,3,15,13,0]), # 5 Inner Hallway Room([0,0,1,0,0,0,0],False), # 6 Entrance (Not Updatable) Room([0,8,0,0,0,0,0]),# 7 Kitchen Room([7,10,0,0,0,0,0]), # 8 Store Room Room([8,8,8,8,8,8,0]),# 9 Lift Room([8,0,11,0,0,0,0]), #10 Rear Vestibule Room([0,0,10,0,0,0,0],False), #11 Exit (Not Updatable) Room([0,0,0,13,0,0,0]), #12 Dungeon Room([0,0,12,0,5,0,0]), #13 Guardroom Room([0,15,17,0,0,0,0]), #14 Master Bedroom Room([14,0,0,0,0,5,0]), #15 Upper Hall Room([17,0,19,0,0,0,0]), #16 Treasury Room([18,16,0,14,0,0,0]), #17 Chambermaid's Bedroom Room([0,17,0,0,0,0,0]), #18 Dressing Chamber Room([9,0,0,16,0,0,0])] #19 Small Room # note I omitted the initial treasure value since it is always 0 # use random.sample to create random subsets of values and rooms # - eliminates all the loops and tests # note this ensures no duplicate treasures (do you want that?) # create list of 8 random treasure values values = random.sample(range(10,110),4) + random.sample(range(-4, 0),4) print values:,values # create list of 8 randomly selected updatable rooms roomsToUpdate = random.sample([room for room in rooms if room.updatable], 8) print 8 rooms:,roomsToUpdate # update the rooms' Treasures for room, value in zip(roomsToUpdate, values): room.updateTreasure(value) a = range(1,99) for room in (3,15): rooms[room].updateTreasure(100 + random.choice(a)) for room in rooms: print room # end code On Jan 30, 2008 2:24 PM, bob gailer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu wrote: # N S E W U D T travelTable=[[0,2,0,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 1 [1,3,3,0,0,0,0],# ROOM 2 It is good to finally see that you are building an adventure game. Consider creating a instance of a Room class for each room and saving them in a collection such as a list. This will give you much more flexibility as your game grows. Inevitably I wound up doing a bunch of things more Pythonically so there may be stuff here you don't relate to yet. But is is all worth studying and will save you hours of headache later. [code snipped - see at top] Things I did not do, but suggest: - store the room destinations in a text file rather than hard-coding them in the program. It is almost always a good idea to separate logic from data. -create a Treasure class, storing instances directly in roo,s rather than indexes, and storing treasure definitions in the text file. -store room instances in the destinations rather than indexes. At this point you no longer need indexes! -- Bob Gailer 919-636-4239 Chapel Hill, NC Thanks! Happy Programing! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 30, 2008 10:13 PM, Tiger12506 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If you're looking for examples - I like the zork games... http://www.csd.uwo.ca/Infocom/download.html I've already looked at the Infocom site and didn't find anything that helped me understand Text Adventure Games like Hartnell's book does. BASIC is easy to read, and with the book's explanations, I'm learning how to program a TAG in Python. My goal is to code the game in POOP when I understand enough game elements to design classes for the various objects in the game, like rooms, treasure, monsters, and so forth. Bob Gailer recently sent a POOP example that does a setup of the environment. His Room class gave me an idea of how it is done. POOP has been somewhat difficult for me to grasp. At first, it was all the new vocabulary. Then connecting the vocabulary to concepts. Most tutorials revolve around the mechanics of POOP, but don't really get into how to think about POOP from a design point of view. I'm pretty sure that once I get it, I'll wonder why it took me so long... at least that's how it's been in the past when I've tried to learn a new concept. So I study it until I hit a block, then go do something else for awhile. Then I study it some more. Hartnell's book doesn't get into POOP because it was written in c.1983 line-numbered BASIC. However, he has a much better grasp of c.1983 TAGs than I do. I fixed enough typos in two of the games in the book to get them running in a GWBASIC interpreter on an old 286 DOS computer. I can play the game on the 286, read the code, and read the book. Then I try to do something similar in Python. The Infocom games are cool, but they don't give me the feedback like Hartnell's book and code does. BTW, there's also RenPy which is an Open Source Interactive Fiction / Visual Novel engine written in Python. That's pretty cool, but they aren't at all like the TAGs in Hartnell's book. There's also a really nice Adventure game tutorial over at Brian Wisti's site: http://coolnamehere.com/geekery/python/ifiction/index.html References: http://www.csd.uwo.ca/Infocom/ http://www.atariarchives.org/adventure/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hartnell http://www.renpy.org/wiki/renpy/Home_Page Believe me, I've looked at a LOT of stuff trying to get a handle on Adventure Games. 8^D Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
On Jan 30, 2008 11:25 PM, Kent Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: bhaaluu wrote: References: http://www.csd.uwo.ca/Infocom/ http://www.atariarchives.org/adventure/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hartnell http://www.renpy.org/wiki/renpy/Home_Page Believe me, I've looked at a LOT of stuff trying to get a handle on Adventure Games. 8^D I'm surprised you don't have any references to Colossal Cave: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossal_Cave_Adventure I've heard of Colossal Cave, but no, I haven't looked at it (yet?). Most of my searches have tried to be related to programming an Adventure Game, with less of an interest in just playing an adventure game. However, I have tried a couple of the older Infocom games (with limited success, I might add). This article talks about the data files used to define the cave - a good example of data-driven programming: http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/001/2/09.html THIS IS SWEET! This article is really well written. Actually, Hartnell's book also has a brief history of adventure games, and Crowther and Woods, among others are mentioned. Hartnell talks about the pre-computer gamers who recreated historical battles, who later went on and developed Dungeon Dragons type games and RPGs (another genre of gaming that I know nothing about). Later, those games were computerized. I'm not sure how many people still play these games? The local used-book store has several shelves packed with RPG books. Kent Thanks for these links, Kent! I never may have found them otherwise. Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. [Mahatma Gandhi] ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] results not quite 100 percent yet
Greetings,
I'm having a problem with the following test.
I make a dictionary with 19 keys (1 to 19).
Each key has a list of 7 numbers (A to G)
# Set up the table
#key# A B C D E F G
tablE= {1:[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 1
2:[ 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 2
3:[ 2, 0, 5, 2, 0, 0, 0],# 3
4:[ 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 4
5:[ 4, 0, 0, 3,15,13, 0],# 5
6:[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 6
7:[ 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 7
8:[ 7,10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 8
9:[ 0,19, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0],# 9
10:[ 8, 0,11, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 10
11:[ 0, 0,10, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 11
12:[ 0, 0, 0,13, 0, 0, 0], # 12
13:[ 0, 0,12, 0, 5, 0, 0], # 13
14:[ 0,15,17, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 14
15:[14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0], # 15
16:[17, 0,19, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 16
17:[18,16, 0,14, 0, 0, 0], # 17
18:[ 0,17, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 18
19:[ 9, 0, 0,16, 0, 0, 0]} # 19
#key# A B C D E F G
The first loop is supposed to populate G with
a random range of 4 integers 10 to 109
in random keys 1-19 that have a zero (except keY 6 and keY 11)
So keY 6 and keY 11 should both have a zero in G after the
four integers have been sown.
# populate G column with range of 4 integers 10 to 109
# in random keys that have a zero [except keYs 6 and 11]
print %*69
cnt=0
while cnt = 3:
print CNT111=,cnt #debug-remove when done
a = range(1,20) # 1 to 19
keY = random.choice(a)
if keY == 6 or keY == 11 or tablE.values()[keY-1][6] != 0:
tablE.values()[5][6] = 0
tablE.values()[10][6] = 0
cnt -= 1
keY = random.choice(a)
if keY != 6 or keY != 11 or table.values()[keY-1][6] == 0:
b = range(10,110) # 10 to 109
integer = random.choice(b)
tablE.values()[keY-1][6] = integer
cnt += 1
The second loop is supposed to populate G with
numbers -4 to -1 in random keys 1-19 that have a zero
(except keY 6 and keY11). So once again, 6 and 11 should have
a zero in G after the loop is finished.
# populate G with range of integers -1 to -4
# in random keYs that have a zero [except keYs 6 and 11]
cnt=4
while cnt 0:
print CNT222=,cnt
a = range(1,20)
if keY != 6 or keY != 11 and tablE.values()[keY-1][6] == 0:
keY = random.choice(a)
tablE.values()[keY-1][6] = -cnt
cnt -= 1
if keY == 6 or keY == 11:
tablE.values()[5][6] = 0
tablE.values()[10][6] = 0
cnt += 1
The last thing is that two integers are placed in specific keys
4 and 16, overwriting anything that may be in G whether a
negative number or a number 9.
# Put an integer in G at two specific keys: 4 16
# These will overwrite anything placed there previously
#a = range(1,99)
#tablE.values()[3][6]= 100 + random.choice(a)
#tablE.values()[15][6]= 100 + random.choice(a)
The above has been commented out so I see if the two loops are
each distributing four numbers each, without putting anything
in G of keys 6 and 11.
I've approached the problem by trying to get the loop to repeat
if a number ends up in G at key 6 or key 11. I've done this changing
the loop count. This seems to work about 97% of the time, or so.
I'm looking for 100%.
I know I can always just set those keys to zero before the table is
written, but I'd rather have the table as fully populated by the two
loops and just not have anything get in G in keys 6 11.
Anyway, this is just a short test, part of a larger program.
Here's the test code:
#!/usr/bin/python
import random
print \n*30
# Set up the table
#key# A B C D E F G
tablE= {1:[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 1
2:[ 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 2
3:[ 2, 0, 5, 2, 0, 0, 0],# 3
4:[ 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 4
5:[ 4, 0, 0, 3,15,13, 0],# 5
6:[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 6
7:[ 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 7
8:[ 7,10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],# 8
9:[ 0,19, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0],# 9
10:[ 8, 0,11, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 10
11:[ 0, 0,10, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 11
12:[ 0, 0, 0,13, 0, 0, 0], # 12
13:[ 0, 0,12, 0, 5, 0, 0], # 13
14:[ 0,15,17, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 14
15:[14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0], # 15
16:[17, 0,19, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 16
17:[18,16, 0,14, 0, 0, 0], # 17
18:[ 0,17, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], # 18
19:[ 9, 0, 0,16, 0, 0, 0]} # 19
#key# A B C D E F G
# populate G column with range of 4 integers 10 to 109
# in random keys that have a zero [except keYs 6 and 11]
print %*69
cnt=0
while cnt = 3:
print CNT111=,cnt
a = range(1,20) # 1 to 19
keY = random.choice(a)
if keY == 6 or keY == 11 or tablE.values()[keY-1][6] != 0:
tablE.values()[5][6] = 0
tablE.values()[10][6] = 0
cnt -= 1
keY = random.choice(a)
if keY != 6 or keY != 11 or table.values()[keY-1][6] == 0:
b = range(10,110) # 10 to 109
integer = random.choice(b)
Re: [Tutor] Read protection of python files for Abaqus
Greetings, On Jan 14, 2008 3:17 AM, Ferruh KAYHAN [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dear Sirs; Good morning. I do not like abaqus users will read my python file codes. How can I protect my codes from reading ans still workable by Abaqus import?? Best Regards Ferruh Kayhan quote source=wikipedia?ABAQUS Abaqus is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and industrial products industries. The package is very popular with academic and research institutions ... These software products, especially Abaqus/CAE, extensively use the open-source scripting language Python for scripting and customization. /quote Don't academics and researchers thrive on sharing information? Also, this forum is geared towards learning Python, and sharing source code is encouraged in order to obtain help. Also, many eyes can find and fix bugs in your scripts, as well as, others may find the scripts useful: ie. research can advance more quickly. Is there a particular reason why you don't want others to see your Abaqus Python scripts? Just curious. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Review and criticism of python project
If you have a web page, you can upload the code to your web page, then post here with a link to the code and a request for reviews. That's one way to do it. -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m On Jan 3, 2008 5:00 PM, GTXY20 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello all, Is there a forum or group where I can upload my python project for review? I am new at Python and at this point my program is doing what it needs to I just can't help but feeling I have some errors or improper coding going on inside. Any advice is very much appreciated. Thanks. GTXY20 ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] constants, flags or whatever
This isn't elegant, but it is a start. My method is: get SOMETHING working, then work from there. 8^D constant: moving = m constant: inserting = i constant: jumping = j . . action = moving . . . if action == jumping: jumpSomewhere() elseif action == moving: moveSomewhere() elseif action == inserting: insertSomething() ## moving = False inserting = False jumping = False def jumpingSomewhere(): global jumping print jumping jumping = True return jumping def insertingSomething(): global inserting print inserting inserting = True return inserting def movingSomewhere(): global moving print moving moving = True return moving jumpingSomewhere() insertingSomething() movingSomewhere() print jumping print inserting print moving # Output: False False False True True True On Dec 19, 2007 8:44 PM, Jim Morcombe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In a program, I want to set some kind of variable or object to indicate what mode the program is currently in. What is the most elegant way of doing this? Jim --- constant: moving = m constant: inserting = i constant:jumping = j . . action = moving . . . if action == jumping: jumpSomewhere() elseif action == moving: moveSomewhere() elseif action == inserting: insertSomething() ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] How is tuple pronounced?
Greetz! On Dec 11, 2007 4:55 PM, earlylight publishing [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: So it looks like most folks here and on the web are saying too-ple (rhymes with scruple or pupil... sorta). That's the one I'll go with... now that I can say it it's time to get back to learning how to use em! There is tuple packing and tuple unpacking! Wierd, eh? Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m http://www.geocities.com/ek.bhaaluu/python.index.html ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Still Can't Find Timed While Loops
On Dec 7, 2007 2:36 PM, Scottie Hotchkiss [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Disclaimer: I can't test this while I'm at work, but using while 1: instead of while time.time() - start 30.0 would be better. In the former case if you press enter after time has run out, it won't print the time, in the latter you could potentially make a correct answer after time has run out. Example: At 29.0 you answer raw_input awaits and you wait 5 minutes, then answer. It will still run the print statement. The loop started and it doesn't matter how long you wait, because it won't evaluate that until the loop starts again. But it may alright depending on what you are trying to accomplish. Just my 2 cents, S Hotchkiss Tutor Lurker Okay! Here's a sample 30-second Adding Game using time.time() and a while True: loop. The timing granularity isn't all that great. Sometimes it times out 2 or 3 seconds past 30 seconds, but in this case, it probably isn't a big deal. This has been tested with Python 2.4.3 running on Linux kernel 2.6.15 from the vim editor! #!/usr/bin/python import random import time startNum = random.choice(range(1, 9)) score = 0 print #*65 print *14,Welcome to the 30-second Adding Game! print #*65 print * 5,Instructions: print *10,You'll choose a number. print *10,You'll be given a starting number. print *10,Add the number you chose to the starting number, print *10,then keep adding your number to the sum until print *10,the timer runs out. print *10,You'll have 30 seconds. print * 5, num2add = raw_input( Choose a number to add: ) print raw_input( Press Enter when you're ready to begin.) print #*65 num2add = int(num2add) # interpolation newNum = startNum + num2add print Start with the number , startNum start = time.time() while True: if time.time() - start 30.0: answer = int(raw_input( Enter your answer: )) if answer == newNum: print That is correct! Keep going. score = score + 5 newNum = newNum + num2add print Your score is , score else: print That is incorrect. Please try again. print Hurry! You only have %2.1f seconds left!\ % (30 - (time.time() - start)) else: break print Buzzz!!! Time's up! print time.time() - start #print \n print Your total score was: , score Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m http://www.geocities.com/ek.bhaaluu/python/index.html ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Still Can't Find Timed While Loops
On Dec 7, 2007 10:41 AM, bob gailer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: earlylight publishing wrote: Hello all, I now have my bit of code in while loop form and it works! It's great but not exactly what I wanted to do. I've been googling my heart out and I find lots of info on while loops and lots of info on timers that will execute an action AFTER a given interval but nothing on a timer that will execute an action DURING a given interval. What I'd really like to do at this point in my game is have the player execute the loop for 30 seconds then have it print the final score and break. Does anyone out there have any code that'll do that? import time start = time.time() raw_input(Wait a few seconds, then press enter to continue.) print time.time() - start Does that give you a hint? You don't need a timer, unless you want to interrupt the user if he is not entering anything. Cool snippet! So if the player is entering numbers to an adding game, and he has to continue entering numbers for 30 seconds, then it could be accomplished with something similar to this, right? import time start = time.time() while 1: raw_input(Press Enter Now!) if time.time() - start 30.0: print time.time() - start else: break Thanks! 8^D Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] While Loops and Modules
Greetings,
On Dec 6, 2007 12:44 AM, earlylight publishing
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hello again to all the wonderfully helpful folks on this list. Today I did
my Google homework and I found this neat bit of code for a countdown timer.
import time
import threading
class Timer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, seconds):
self.runTime = seconds
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self):
time.sleep(self.runTime)
print Buzzz!!! Time's up!
t = Timer(30)
t.start()
I don't understand large chunks of it (don't know what threading, self, or
__init__ mean) but that's not important at the moment. It works and I will
learn the vocab eventually.
That is a good start! Get it working first, then figure it out later. 8^D
I also wrote this bit of code for a math challenge which comes in the next
part of my game.
import random
startNum = random.choice(range(1, 9))
newNum = startNum + 7
score = 0
print 'Start with the number ', startNum, '. Then continuously add 7 to
that number until the timer runs out. You have 30 seconds.'
answer = int(raw_input('Enter your answer: '))
if newNum == answer:
print 'That is correct! Keep going.'
score = score + 5
print 'Your score is ', score
else:
print 'That is incorrect. Please try again.'
I understand this part just fine 'cause I actually wrote it myself.
A couple of things which may help you when you're testing/debugging
your programs:
type(object)
dir(object)
Play with those in the interactive interpreter to see what they do, for example:
a = 7
type(a)
type 'int'
a = time
type(a)
type 'str'
import random
dir(random)
['BPF', 'LOG4', 'NV_MAGICCONST', 'RECIP_BPF', 'Random',
'SG_MAGICCONST', 'SystemRandom', 'TWOPI', 'WichmannHill',
'_BuiltinMethodType', '_MethodType', '__all__', '__builtins__',
'__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '_acos', '_cos', '_e', '_exp',
'_hexlify', '_inst', '_log', '_pi', '_random', '_sin', '_sqrt',
'_test', '_test_generator', '_urandom', '_warn', 'betavariate',
'choice', 'expovariate', 'gammavariate', 'gauss', 'getrandbits',
'getstate', 'jumpahead', 'lognormvariate', 'normalvariate',
'paretovariate', 'randint', 'random', 'randrange', 'sample', 'seed',
'setstate', 'shuffle', 'uniform', 'vonmisesvariate', 'weibullvariate']
etc.
Another little trick I use to watch the values of variables and set breakpoints:
print variable_Name
raw_input(Pause)
I just insert those two lines after each variable I want to watch (perhaps
to see if it is actually doing what I think it is supposed to be doing?).
What I need to do now is put these two parts together so that the player
will keep adding 7 to the starting number for 30 seconds then the loop
breaks. I know I need a loop of some sort and I'm guessing it's a 'while'
sort of thing. I couldn't find what I was looking for when I Googled. I'm
not even sure I knew the right search terms. Does anyone know how I'd
combine these two modules to make it work?
while True: or while 1: do the same thing, and they are a generic infinite loop.
You can use the keyword break somewhere inside the loop to break out of it.
When you figure out what condition must be met to quit the while loop,
you can replace the True or 1 with your condition.
For example, working with the snippet you supplied:
import random
import time
import threading
class Timer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, seconds):
self.runTime = seconds
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self):
time.sleep(self.runTime)
print Buzzz!!! Time's up!
t = Timer(30)
startNum = random.choice(range(1, 9))
newNum = startNum + 7
score = 0
t.start()
print 'Start with the number ', startNum, '. Then continuously add 7
to that number until the timer runs out. You have 30 seconds.'
while 1:
answer = int(raw_input('Enter your answer: '))
if newNum == answer:
print 'That is correct! Keep going.'
score = score + 5
print 'Your score is ', score
newNum += 7
else:
print 'That is incorrect. Please try again.'
That isn't quite working as it should, but I only added a couple of lines
and did the requisite indentation for the while loop. It might be enough
to keep you going for a wee bit?
Happy Programming!
--
b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m
___
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Re: [Tutor] Loops and modules
On Dec 6, 2007 8:38 AM, richard west [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
heres a partial solution. theres no error checking on the Raw Input and you
have to type in you last number and press return, before the loop will
break, but its a start!
And modifying your modifications makes it work even a little better:
###
#!/usr/bin/python
import random
import time
import threading
class Timer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, seconds):
self.runTime = seconds
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self):
global running
time.sleep(self.runTime)
print
print Buzzz!!! Time's up!
running = False
t = Timer(30)
t.start()
startNum = random.choice(range(1, 9))
newNum = startNum + 7
score = 0
running = True
print 'Start with the number ', startNum, '. Then continuously add 7
to that number until the timer runs out. You have 30 seconds.'
while running:
if running == True:
answer = int(raw_input('Enter your answer: '))
if answer == newNum:
print 'That is correct! Keep going.'
score = score + 5
newNum = newNum + 7
print 'Your score is ', score
else:
print 'That is incorrect. Please try again.'
else:
answer = 0
print ' '
print 'Your total score was: ', score
###
Happy Programming!
--
b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m
#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename : math_test.py
import time
import threading
class Timer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, seconds):
self.runTime = seconds
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self):
global running
time.sleep(self.runTime)
print
print Buzzz!!! Time's up!
running = False
t = Timer(30)
t.start()
import random
startNum = random.choice(range(1, 9))
newNum = startNum + 7 # im assuming you want the first number the user to
type as the startnum +7,its not too clear.
score = 0
running = True
print 'Start with the number ', startNum, '. Then continuously add 7 to
that number until the timer runs out. You have 30 seconds.'
while running:
print running
answer = int(raw_input('Enter your answer: '))
if running == True:
if answer == newNum:
print 'That is correct! Keep going.'
score = score + 5
newNum = newNum+7
print 'Your score is ', score
else:
print 'That is incorrect. Please try again.'
print ' '
print 'you total score was ', score
On Dec 6, 2007 6:15 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
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Re: [Tutor] Thanks (was Random Number Generator)
On Dec 4, 2007 7:21 PM, earlylight publishing [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thank you everyone for your help! I have no idea why it never occured to me to Google it. Thanks for the code. Now let's see if I can get this sucker to work! 1) Wikipedia -- learn a basic vocabulary so you can enter keywords into 2) Google -- Feeling Lucky? If that doesn't work, sort through the other 200K 3) Python Tutorials -- Get up and going quickly, saving the hard parts for 4) Python Documentation and Books And then there's the Python Tutor list! 8^D Best of luck getting your program working. If you get stuck, show us your code, and error messages, we'll try to help. (It also helps to add system info as well as Python version, etc.) Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] This is the online help utility [tutorial].
Greetings,
Recently a thread about Python's online help utility was buried
within another thread with a different Subject. So I thought I'd
try to summarize that thread within a thread in a thread of its own.
It would be helpful for those running different versions of Python
on differnet systems to contribute their online help experiences
if they differ from what I'm posting. I'm running Python 2.4.3 in
bash, in a Konsole (KDE) running on the Linux 2.6.15 kernel.
1) Starting the Python Interactive Interpreter:
$ python
Python 2.4.3 (#2, Oct 6 2006, 07:52:30)
[GCC 4.0.3 (Ubuntu 4.0.3-1ubuntu5)] on linux2
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
It says to type help, so that's what I type:
help
'help'
Oops! That doesn't work very well now, does it?
help
Type help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help about object.
A! That's better. If I'm new to Python, I probably won't know what
'object' means
in help(object), so maybe 'help()' will be a good start?
help()
Welcome to Python 2.4! This is the online help utility.
If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out
the tutorial on the Internet at http://www.python.org/doc/tut/.
Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing
Python programs and using Python modules. To quit this help utility and
return to the interpreter, just type quit.
To get a list of available modules, keywords, or topics, type modules,
keywords, or topics. Each module also comes with a one-line summary
of what it does; to list the modules whose summaries contain a given word
such as spam, type modules spam.
help
OK! The first thing I notice is that the interactive prompt has changed from
'' to 'help'. There is some VERY USEFUL INFORMATION in the splash
text. For example, to get out of the help utility, and return to the
interpreter,
I need to type quit -- it can be typed WITHOUT the quotes!
Three other words are suggested for use here: modules, keywords, and topics.
So now I have four words I can use at the 'help' prompt to get help:
quit, topics, modules, and keywords.
help keywords
Here is a list of the Python keywords. Enter any keyword to get more help.
and elseimport raise
assert except in return
break execis try
class finally lambda while
continuefor not yield
def fromor
del global pass
elifif print
help pass
6.4 The pass statement
pass_stmt::= pass
Download entire grammar as text.[1]
[snip]
On my machine, when the help has ended, END is displayed, and I must
type a q to get back to the help prompt.
help modules
Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules...
ArgImagePlugin UserListfpectl qtxml
ArrayPrinterUserString fpformatquopri
BaseHTTPServer WalImageFileftplib random
[snip]
Enter any module name to get more help. Or, type modules spam to search
for modules whose descriptions contain the word spam.
help modules random
Here is a list of matching modules. Enter any module name to get more help.
random - Random variable generators.
whrandom - Wichman-Hill random number generator.
_random
RNG (package) - x=CreateGenerator(seed) creates an random number
generator stream
RandomArray
Here again, when at the help prompt, no quotes are necessary around
the words entered.
help topics
topics
Here is a list of available topics. Enter any topic name to get more help.
ASSERTION DELETIONLOOPING SEQUENCES
ASSIGNMENT DICTIONARIESMAPPINGMETHODS SHIFTING
ATTRIBUTEMETHODSDICTIONARYLITERALS MAPPINGSSLICINGS
ATTRIBUTES DYNAMICFEATURES METHODS SPECIALATTRIBUTES
[snip]
help POWER
5.4 The power operator
The power operator binds more tightly than unary operators on its left;
it binds less tightly than unary operators on its right. The syntax is:
power::= primary[1] [** u_expr[2]]
Download entire grammar as text.[3]
[snip]
:
The colon means I can type SPACE for another page, or ARROW key to move a line.
At the end, or at any time, I can type a q to return to the help prompt.
help quit
You are now leaving help and returning to the Python interpreter.
If you want to ask for help on a particular object directly from the
interpreter, you can type help(object). Executing help('string')
has the same effect as typing a particular string at the help prompt.
Ctrl-D
$
When I
Re: [Tutor] info, help, guidence,...
Greetings, On Dec 5, 2007 10:30 AM, jeff witt [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, i have some questions about programming in general and python,.. my brother (who is a programmer) guides me to .net languages, and i am not too sure why, however, he is getting sick of me pestering him with my questions,.. i like the little i know about python, it seems to be user friendly, however, i am not finding clear answers about what it does compared to .net for example. I really know nothing about programming (which i am sure is obvious) so ANY info would be helpful, ... here are a few questions that go through my head... how does python get applied to a GUI? http://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming TkInter is Python's standard GUI library why dont universities teach it? is there an online class i can take for it? training certificates? is it accepted in the world of programming professionally? ( i am interested in a career too, as well as a new hobby),. Some universities do use Python to teach Computer Science topics. There are several online tutorials to get you started, for example: http://docs.python.org/tut/ is the 'official' Python tutorial i use linux, and python seems to be everywhere for linux,.. and i read that it works on windows too but is it accepted in those circles? what is pythons strengths and weaknesses, IE. web/Internet, or program development, operating system things,... what would you (or you guys) recomend for the first language? or like my brother says, just learn something and stop asking me questions Python is an excellent first programming language. The Tutor list is for learning Python as a first programming language. There seem to be an equal number of Tutors who use Linux or Windows. if python was released in 1991 how long will it remain a current or a applicable language? or i guess i am asking, what is the normal life of a programming language before it is obsolete? That's a good question! well, like i mentioned, any help or info would be greatly appreciated, i have been to some of the beginner sites and tried the whole hello world thing, and i unfortunately realize i am years from actually contributing to any open source project, (especially since i am still struggling with the file system in linux [only been using it for 8or9 months]) God bless you guys, and thank you for your site and willingness to share and help! jeff There are several excellent tutorials and books online for free. You'll have to check them out and see which ones 'click' for you. Each person learns stuff differently, and each writer has a different 'style' of writing, so you might find two tutorials that cover the same things, but you'll like one better than the other. This is a good place to ask questions! Happy Programming! -- b h a a l u u at g m a i l dot c o m http://www.geocities.com/ek.bhaaluu/python/index.html ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
