[Videolib] looking for Message from Mississippi
Hi. This is a longshot – trying to locate a copy of Message from Mississippi closer to Philadelphia than MS. Faculty member willing to travel to view if not loanable. Any help appreciated! Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development & F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3501 Sansom Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
[Videolib] Help finding info
A faculty member has asked me to locate articles speaking directly to the high cost of educational pricing of documentaries. I've been doing searches and have come up with nothing, which I find hard to believe. Does anyone in videolib-land know of any articles? Can you direct me to a good source or the magic keywords to sue? Thanks for your help. Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 Hi. A faculty mem VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
Re: [Videolib] Help finding info
No, needs articles to cite. But thanks for the suggestion. Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [mailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of Jessica Rosner Sent: Thursday, December 04, 2014 3:49 PM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: Re: [Videolib] Help finding info I am guessing posts on videolib do not qualify? On Thu, Dec 4, 2014 at 3:47 PM, Merle J. Slyhoff mslyh...@law.upenn.edumailto:mslyh...@law.upenn.edu wrote: A faculty member has asked me to locate articles speaking directly to the high cost of educational pricing of documentaries. I’ve been doing searches and have come up with nothing, which I find hard to believe. Does anyone in videolib-land know of any articles? Can you direct me to a good source or the magic keywords to sue? Thanks for your help. Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013tel:215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619tel:215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edumailto:mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 Hi. A faculty mem VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors. VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
Re: [Videolib] Help finding info
Wonderful! Thank you Andy. *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [mailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of Andrew Horbal Sent: Thursday, December 04, 2014 4:00 PM To: 'videolib@lists.berkeley.edu' Subject: Re: [Videolib] Help finding info Hi Merle, I recently conducted a literature review which included articles on the evolution of educational pricing. Everything I found on that topic is included on the attached Word file! Andy Horbal Media Resources Librarian 0300 Hornbake Library University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 (301) 405-9227 ahor...@umd.edumailto:ahor...@umd.edu From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edumailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [mailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of Merle J. Slyhoff Sent: Thursday, December 04, 2014 3:47 PM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edumailto:videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: [Videolib] Help finding info A faculty member has asked me to locate articles speaking directly to the high cost of educational pricing of documentaries. I've been doing searches and have come up with nothing, which I find hard to believe. Does anyone in videolib-land know of any articles? Can you direct me to a good source or the magic keywords to sue? Thanks for your help. Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edumailto:mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 Hi. A faculty mem VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
Re: [Videolib] Suggestions for reaching Law School Librarians?
Hi Jessica. The American Association of Law Libraries (AALL) sells its list of members to companies, I believe. There is a listerve for law librarians but it isn't designed for advertisements, and when a publisher/vendor posts about a new item there are blasts that it's inappropriate for the list. For direct contact it's best to go through AALL to obtain the contact information for the academic law librarians. Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [mailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of Jessica Rosner Sent: Friday, October 18, 2013 10:05 AM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: [Videolib] Suggestions for reaching Law School Librarians? I am looking for contacting law school librarians. I have really special film ( will be at NMM but not shilling it here) that will be of particular interest to law schools. I remember a few years ago trying to reach out to librarians at law schools and I don't recall finding a specific organization or list. I figure folks here might have some ideas. Feel free to email me off list. -- Jessica Rosner Media Consultant 224-545-3897 (cell) 212-627-1785 (land line) jessicapros...@gmail.commailto:jessicapros...@gmail.com VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
Re: [Videolib] Good Night and Good Luck
Gary, What a shock to read your email. With the elegance, panache, quiet humor and himility that I've always considered to be a major part of your character, you summed up the profession over the years and paved the way for the future. But you failed to note what a key and vital role you have played in the growth and understanding of media in libraries. When I first entered the foray of media I had to turn to ALA for advice as law libraries were just at the very beginning of using media and I had no colleagues to turn to. You were one of the first people I met (possibly at the Dallas ALA which was my first ALA conference - there was a media workshop that year) and have since then have turned to you for advice on a number of occasions. I have emails from you that I often refer to when a particular issues rears its ugly head. Just earlier today I had a lively discussion about copyright and fair use with some not-so-by-the-books folks and wished you could have been there to help set these people on the right track. I wish you luck in your next phase of life. I can't say to relax and enjoy it - I can only say enjoy it... it looks like you'll have little time to relax. I look forward to seeing and hearing more from you - in the form of writing, cartoons, and banjo cds. A long and prosperous life... Merle *** Merle J. SlyhoffV: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Document Delivery Services Librarian E: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of ghand...@library.berkeley.edu [ghand...@library.berkeley.edu] Sent: Monday, April 02, 2012 11:17 AM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: [Videolib] Good Night and Good Luck Ladies and Gentlemen, Boys and Girls It is with a mix of melancholy, ebullience, slight trepidation, and vast relief that I announce my forthcoming retirement from the University of California Berkeley and the Media Resources Center on June 28, 2012. Today marks my 33rd anniversary with the University, and this year my 36th as a librarian (a fact which seems more than a little surreal to me). I’ve been director of the Media Center for about 28 of those years, and there hasn’t been week, good or bad, that has gone by without my murmuring a little thanks for the cosmic hiccups that allowed me to stumble into such a cool and personally rewarding gig. I simply cannot think of anywhere that I would have been happier professionally, or another position in which I would have grown and learned and contributed as much. In some sense, I feel a bit like Mark Twain, who was born during the fiery appearance of Halley’s Comet, and who went out with its reappearance, 74 years later. I began my career in media in the early 80s, at the dawn of the home video age (or the “Video Revolution” as it was often hyperbolically called in the library literature at the time). I’m bowing out of the business at a time when the technologies and economics of video production and distribution, and the video content universe itself are again in a state of radical flux. Along with these changes, video collections and service in libraries are also bound to experience major tremors and evolutionary shifts. I’m not sure whether I’m leaving the scene feeling sanguine or pessimistic about this future, but in any case it’s definitely going to be an interesting and challenging next decade. I am going to miss all my long-time professional pals profoundly, both those on the library side and the distributor side of the fence. I grew up with a number of you in this field, and along the way you’ve become a kind of extended workaday family, complete with the obstreperous get-togethers, occasional bickering, and comforting sympathy. I’m also heartened by the number of young, creative, and energetic colleagues who have hopped on board in more recent times. Definitely makes me less gloomy about prospects for the future. Not sure exactly what I’m going to do next: I’d like to continue teaching film somewhere on campus or off; I’m up for grabs as a consultant; want to write a bit; gotta catch up on all the national cinemas I’ve given short-shrift to over the years; want to log in more gym time; would like to hone my banjo and ukulele-playing chops; want to get back to freelance cartooning and illustration. At very least, I’m aiming at becoming an accomplished and well-known Berkeley flâneur and café personality. As for the fate of the UC Berkeley Media Resources Center… In light of the dire economic straits into which UC has been shoved, it is almost completely unlikely that my position will be filled any time soon. The future
[Videolib] PAL question
We had a request for a dvd from France. The company responded that it is in PAL Region 0. They seemed to indicate we would be able to use it here. Our IT department isn't sure if it would work. Does anyone have experience using Region 0 dvds? Your help is appreciated. Thanks! And happy holidays to all Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
Re: [Videolib] PAL question
Thanks for the input. I'll let our IT/media guys know the solution. Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 -Original Message- From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [mailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of ghand...@library.berkeley.edu Sent: Friday, December 23, 2011 12:55 PM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: Re: [Videolib] PAL question You'll be able to play this on a laptop, most likely. Otherwise, as Dennis has said, you'd need a code-free (all region) player gary It just depends if you have a multi-system DVD player or not. In Europe, they almost all are. in the United States, some are, but usually you have to specifically purchase one. Best regards, Dennis Doros Milestone Film Video/Milliarium Zero PO Box 128 Harrington Park, NJ 07640 Phone: 201-767-3117 Fax: 201-767-3035 email: milefi...@gmail.com www.milestonefilms.com www.comebackafrica.com www.yougottomove.com www.ontheboweryfilm.com www.arayafilm.com www.exilesfilm.com www.wordisoutmovie.com www.killerofsheep.com http://www.killerofsheep.com/ Join Milestone Film on Facebook and Twitter! and the Association of Moving Image Archivists http://www.amianet.org/! Follow Milestone on Twitter! http://twitter.com/#!/MilestoneFilms On Fri, Dec 23, 2011 at 12:19 PM, Merle J. Slyhoff mslyh...@law.upenn.eduwrote: We had a request for a dvd from France. The company responded that it is in PAL Region 0. They seemed to indicate we would be able to use it here. Our IT department isn’t sure if it would work. Does anyone have experience using Region 0 dvds? Your help is appreciated. Thanks! And happy holidays to all ** ** Merle ** ** * ** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu** ** Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 ** ** VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors. -- VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors. Gary Handman Director Media Resources Center Moffitt Library UC Berkeley 510-643-8566 ghand...@library.berkeley.edu http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC I have always preferred the reflection of life to life itself. --Francois Truffaut VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors. VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
[Videolib] Do you use these streaming video links?
I need to track down an episode of America's Most Wanted. I found 2 sites that say they have them - tvduck.com and tvtubex.com. Our IT department won't let me use these links - do any of you use them and know them to be legit? Thanks! Merle *** Merle J. SlyhoffV: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Document Delivery Services Librarian E: mslyh...@law.upenn.edumailto:mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
Re: [Videolib] I will be away on holidays from July 30th to August 16th.
Is the list investigating a way to stop her vacation emails? -Original Message- From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [mailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of Karen Ketchaver Sent: Friday, July 30, 2010 3:47 PM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: Re: [Videolib] I will be away on holidays from July 30th to August 16th. August 17 can't come soon enough Karen Karen G. Ketchaver Acquisitions Unit Leader Grasselli Library John Carroll University 20700 North Park Blvd. University Hts., Ohio 44118-4581 U.S.A. (216)397-1622 phone/(216)397-1809 fax Original message Date: Fri, 30 Jul 2010 19:30:33 + From: Susan Albrecht albre...@wabash.edu Subject: Re: [Videolib] I will be away on holidays from July 30th to August 16th. To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu videolib@lists.berkeley.edu No offense to Carol, but this vacation is beginning to feel like it will never end... -Original Message- From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [mailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of Carol Hutchinson Sent: Friday, July 30, 2010 3:26 PM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: [Videolib] I will be away on holidays from July 30th to August 16th. I will be away on holidays from July 30th to August 16th. VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors. VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors. VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors. VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
Re: [Videolib] Old topic, new rant...
I get so confused by this - I thought if there was tiered pricing we had to buy the university copy even though it clearly falls under fair use and it won't be used outside the classroom. Someone please tell me I'm wrong and save me $$! Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [mailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of CROWLEY, CHRISTINE Sent: Wednesday, May 12, 2010 8:54 PM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: Re: [Videolib] Old topic, new rant... I see no reason that the home video cannot be purchased for that use, unless for reason the seminar is outside the realm of a classroom situationand the university is clearly not a for-profit institution. Christine Crowley Dean of Learning Resources Northwest Vista College 3535 N. Ellison Dr. San Antonio, TX 78251 210.486.4572 office 210.486.4504 fax ccrowl...@alamo.edumailto:ccrowl...@alamo.edu Northwest Vista College is one of the Alamo Colleges www.alamo.edu/nvc/lrchttp://www.alamo.edu/nvc/lrc From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu on behalf of John Potter-Smith Sent: Wed 5/12/2010 5:30 PM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: Re: [Videolib] Old topic, new rant... Welcome to Canada !! This is what we face every day, we have no choice of not purchasing University copies with PPR (Public Performance Rights) like you lucky folks do in the US. John Potter-Smith Library - Audiovisual Technician Kwantlen Polytechnic University Coast Capital Savings Library Phone: 604-599-2405 Fax: 604-599-2106 [https://mail.alamo.edu/exchange/ccrowley5/Drafts/RE:%20%5bVideolib%5d%20Old%20topic,%20new%20rantEML/1_multipart/image001.png]The Library ... Your Information Destination From: videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu [mailto:videolib-boun...@lists.berkeley.edu] On Behalf Of Merle J. Slyhoff Sent: Wednesday, May 12, 2010 2:31 PM To: videolib@lists.berkeley.edu Subject: [Videolib] Old topic, new rant... $300.00 for a video for universities and colleges vs $25.00 for a video for home use and one faculty member wants to view it to maybe show to a seminar of 15 students... and I have to say no because I can't fit it into the budget at $300.00. No one will ever convince me that this cost differential is justifiable when it's being used in the classroom for 15 students. OK, said it, no need to reply because I know what you'll all say. :) Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
[Videolib] Old topic, new rant...
$300.00 for a video for universities and colleges vs $25.00 for a video for home use and one faculty member wants to view it to maybe show to a seminar of 15 students... and I have to say no because I can't fit it into the budget at $300.00. No one will ever convince me that this cost differential is justifiable when it's being used in the classroom for 15 students. OK, said it, no need to reply because I know what you'll all say. :) Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
[Videolib] What is your take?
Hate to bring up this topic yet again, but... I want to buy Taking the Heat. Their web page states: Personal DVD Sales: Use of personal DVDs of this film for instructional, demonstrational and any other commercial or institutional purposes is STRICTLY FORBIDDEN. The upper case is their upper case. This dvd will be used in the classroom and is certainly fair use. What do you think? What version do I buy? Personal from the producers or Educational/Institutional from New Day films? Merle *** Merle J. Slyhoff V: 215-898-9013 Collection Development F: 215-898-6619 Resource Sharing LibrarianE: mslyh...@law.upenn.edu Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania 3460 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-3406 VIDEOLIB is intended to encourage the broad and lively discussion of issues relating to the selection, evaluation, acquisition,bibliographic control, preservation, and use of current and evolving video formats in libraries and related institutions. It is hoped that the list will serve as an effective working tool for video librarians, as well as a channel of communication between libraries,educational institutions, and video producers and distributors.
