[zones-discuss] Question: Zones/Mpxio + Disk Array (HDS 9970V Lightning)
Greetings people, I was wondering if anyone here have some experience with mpxio and a storage array from a non-global zone? Today we are using Veritas for doing all kinds of magic with both disks and the array but with the arrival of ZFS, Zones etc we are now looking into the possibilities of migrating a few servers into a 'bigger' server with ZFS and Zones. What is the best way of installing a Zone? By sharing file systems as in 'sparse-root' model or use 'whole-root' model ? As i understand things. Solaris 10 has mpxio sort of 'on' by default. Is this only for the Global Zone itself or can i 'disable' this and use it only for let's say 2 non-global zones? What i need to accomplish/be sure of is, 1, Load balancing 2, Failover by using 2 paths to the array from 2 configured Zones. 3, .. Regards, Pierre This message posted from opensolaris.org ___ zones-discuss mailing list zones-discuss@opensolaris.org
Re: [zones-discuss] Question: Zones/Mpxio + Disk Array (HDS 9970V Lightning)
Pierre Klovsjo wrote: Greetings people, I was wondering if anyone here have some experience with mpxio and a storage array from a non-global zone? Today we are using Veritas for doing all kinds of magic with both disks and the array but with the arrival of ZFS, Zones etc we are now looking into the possibilities of migrating a few servers into a 'bigger' server with ZFS and Zones. If you can get away with it sparse root is most definitely better. 1 Less maintenance overhead ( shared filesystems between global and non-global zones ) 2 Less disk space consumed. 3 Lower memory useage, as the shared libraries are on shared file system, they are only loaded once in memory for both global and non-global zones. ( if you have a local copy of /usr/lib then all the shared libs in /usr/lib taht you reference, will have to get loaded into memory for the zone as well ) 4 Tools such as patchadd/pkgadd etc all run slightly faster, ( not having to install objects to filesystems that are shared ) In saying that, the answer kinda depends on what you are doing with the non-global zones, if you are installing software that has to write to /usr for instance then you are limited to having /usr writable at a minimum. But if at all possible go with sparse-root zones. Enda What is the best way of installing a Zone? By sharing file systems as in 'sparse-root' model or use 'whole-root' model ? As i understand things. Solaris 10 has mpxio sort of 'on' by default. Is this only for the Global Zone itself or can i 'disable' this and use it only for let's say 2 non-global zones? What i need to accomplish/be sure of is, 1, Load balancing 2, Failover by using 2 paths to the array from 2 configured Zones. 3, .. Regards, Pierre This message posted from opensolaris.org ___ zones-discuss mailing list zones-discuss@opensolaris.org ___ zones-discuss mailing list zones-discuss@opensolaris.org
[zones-discuss] Re: Question: Zones/Mpxio + Disk Array (HDS 9970V
Hello and thanks a lot for quick answers. By looking at your answer it looks like we are going to go for spare-root model. So, then to my second question which is actually something more of a design question i think... 1, I let's say i have my Main server running with a HBA card attached to a Disk Array (same as mentioned in my earlier question). I create and mount a nice disk 'pool' with ZFS and everything is working perfect. create a zfs filesystem in the global zone for the zone. Something like $ zfs create mypool/export/zones/zone1 $ mkdir -p /export/zones/zone1 $ zfs set mountpoint=/export/zones/zone1 mypool/export/zones/zone1 With zonecfg set your zonepath=/export/zones/zone1 2, I now create ZONE1. I would then like to mount a /export/home/ftp area on the Disk Array to use as well. Now, What is controlling my access to the HBA card and Disk Array from my Non-Global zone? How do i see my newly created /dev/dsk/... on the Array? Do i have to install the same driver into the non-global zone as i did to the Server itself or? The easiest way is - $ touch /reconfigure $ init 6 After the reboot in theory you should see your new device. By memory, you should be able to use the luxadm command to see the failover paths. Are you able to do a reboot?? There are a few more commands you need if you can not. I am assuming the server is currently not production :) You should mount /export/home/ftp on your global zone (using ZFS), and then define it as a mount point using zonecfg for each of your zones. I hope i have succeded in making some sense here since this is bugging me and my Manager a little now. I will all look easy and logical once you have done it once. Doug This message posted from opensolaris.org ___ zones-discuss mailing list zones-discuss@opensolaris.org
Re: [zones-discuss] Re: Question: Zones/Mpxio + Disk Array (HDS 9970V
Doug Scott wrote On 08/04/06 11:42,: create a zfs filesystem in the global zone for the zone. Something like $ zfs create mypool/export/zones/zone1 $ mkdir -p /export/zones/zone1 $ zfs set mountpoint=/export/zones/zone1 mypool/export/zones/zone1 With zonecfg set your zonepath=/export/zones/zone1 Wait a sec, this doc is pretty unequivocal about doing this: http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/817-1592/6mhahuous?a=view CT ___ zones-discuss mailing list zones-discuss@opensolaris.org
Re: [zfs-discuss] Re: [Fwd: [zones-discuss] Zone boot problems after installing patches]
Hi I guess the problem is that David is using smpatch (our automated patching system ) So in theory he is up to date on his patches ( he has since removed 122660-02 122658-02 122640-05 ) So when I install the following onto a system ( SPARC S10 FCS ) with two zones already running: 119254-25 ( patchutilties patch ) 119578-26 118822-30 118833-18 122650-02 122640-05 And reboot, I too have the same issue, there is no /dev/zfs in my local zones? # zonename global # # cat /etc/release Solaris 10 1/06 s10s_u1wos_19a SPARC # ls /var/sadm/patch 118822-30 119254-26 120900-04 122640-05 118833-18 119578-26 121133-02 122650-02 # uptime 5:48pm up 2 min(s), 1 user, load average: 0.58, 0.29, 0.11 # ls /export/zones/sparse-1/dev/zfs /export/zones/sparse-1/dev/zfs: No such file or directory # zlogin sparse-1 ls /dev/zfs /dev/zfs: No such file or directory # I rebooted the zone and then the system, touching /reconfigure, all to no avail I then added the rest of the patches you suggested and rebooted my zones and I had /dev/zfs, strange. But David had all the patches added and still did not get /dev/zfs in the non global zones Enda George Wilson wrote: Apologies for the internal URL, I'm including the list of patches for the everyone's benefit: sparc Patches * ZFS Patches o 118833-17 SunOS 5.10: kernel patch o 118925-02 SunOS 5.10: unistd header file patch o 119578-20 SunOS 5.10: FMA Patch o 119982-05 SunOS 5.10: ufsboot patch o 120986-04 SunOS 5.10: mkfs and newfs patch o 122172-06 SunOS 5.10: swap swapadd isaexec patch o 122174-03 SunOS 5.10: dumpadm patch o 122637-01 SunOS 5.10: zonename patch o 122640-05 SunOS 5.10: zfs genesis patch o 122644-01 SunOS 5.10: zfs header file patch o 122646-01 SunOS 5.10: zlogin patch o 122650-02 SunOS 5.10: zfs tools patch o 122652-03 SunOS 5.10: zfs utilities patch o 122658-02 SunOS 5.10: zonecfg patch o 122660-03 SunOS 5.10: zoneadm zoneadmd patch o 122662-02 SunOS 5.10: libzonecfg patch * Man Pages o 119246-15 SunOS 5.10: Manual Page updates for Solaris 10 * Other Patches o 119986-03 SunOS 5.10: clri patch o 123358-01 SunOS 5.10: jumpstart and live upgrade compliance o 121430-11 SunOS 5.8 5.9 5.10: Live Upgrade Patch i386 Patches * ZFS Patches o 118344-11 SunOS 5.10_x86: Fault Manager Patch o 118855-15 SunOS 5.10_x86: kernel patch o 118919-16 SunOS 5.10_x86: Solaris Crypto Framework patch o 120987-04 SunOS 5.10_x86: mkfs, newfs, other ufs utils patch o 122173-04 SunOS 5.10_x86: swap swapadd patch o 122175-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: dumpadm patch o 122638-01 SunOS 5.10_x86: zonename patch o 122641-06 SunOS 5.10_x86: zfs genesis patch o 122647-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: zlogin patch o 122653-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: utilities patch o 122659-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: zonecfg patch o 122661-02 SunOS 5.10_x86: zoneadm patch o 122663-04 SunOS 5.10_x86: libzonecfg patch o 122665-02 SunOS 5.10_x86: rnode.h/systm.h/zone.h header file * Man Pages o 119247-15 SunOS 5.10_x86: Manual Page updates for Solaris 10 * Other Patches o 118997-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: format patch o 119987-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: clri patch o 122655-05 SunOS 5.10_x86: jumpstart and live upgrade compliance patch o 121431-11 SunOS 5.8_x86 5.9_x86 5.10_x86: Live Upgrade Patch Thanks, George George Wilson wrote: Dave, I'm copying the zfs-discuss alias on this as well... It's possible that not all necessary patches have been installed or they maybe hitting CR# 6428258. If you reboot the zone does it continue to end up in maintenance mode? Also do you know if the necessary ZFS/Zones patches have been updated? Take a look at our webpage which includes the patch list required for Solaris 10: http://rpe.sfbay/bin/view/Tech/ZFS Thanks, George Mahesh Siddheshwar wrote: Original Message Subject: [zones-discuss] Zone boot problems after installing patches Date: Wed, 02 Aug 2006 13:47:46 -0400 From: Dave Bevans [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: zones-discuss@opensolaris.org, [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi, I have a customer with the following problem. He has a V440 running Solaris 10 1/06 with zones. In the case notes he says that he installed a couple Sol 10 patches and now he has problems booting his zones. After doing some checking he found that it appears to be related to a couple of ZFS patches (122650 and 122640). I found a bug (6271309 / lack of zvol breaks all ZFS commands), but not sure if it applies to this situation. Any ideas on this. Here is the customers problem description... Hardware Platform: Sun Fire V440 Component Affected: OS Base OS and Kernel Version: SunOS snb-fton-bck2 5.10 Generic_118833-18 sun4u sparc SUNW,Sun-Fire-V440 Describe the problem: Patch 122650-02 combined with patch 122640-05 seems to have broken no global zones at boot time. I'm just guessing at the exact patches since they were both added recently, and involve
Re: [zfs-discuss] Re: [Fwd: [zones-discuss] Zone boot problems after installing patches]
Enda o'Connor - Sun Microsystems Ireland - Software Engineer wrote: Hi I guess the problem is that David is using smpatch (our automated patching system ) So in theory he is up to date on his patches ( he has since removed 122660-02 122658-02 122640-05 ) So when I install the following onto a system ( SPARC S10 FCS ) with two zones already running: typo should be update 10 1/06 not FCS 119254-25 ( patchutilties patch ) 119578-26 118822-30 118833-18 122650-02 122640-05 And reboot, I too have the same issue, there is no /dev/zfs in my local zones? # zonename global # # cat /etc/release Solaris 10 1/06 s10s_u1wos_19a SPARC # ls /var/sadm/patch 118822-30 119254-26 120900-04 122640-05 118833-18 119578-26 121133-02 122650-02 # uptime 5:48pm up 2 min(s), 1 user, load average: 0.58, 0.29, 0.11 # ls /export/zones/sparse-1/dev/zfs /export/zones/sparse-1/dev/zfs: No such file or directory # zlogin sparse-1 ls /dev/zfs /dev/zfs: No such file or directory # I rebooted the zone and then the system, touching /reconfigure, all to no avail I then added the rest of the patches you suggested and rebooted my zones and I had /dev/zfs, strange. But David had all the patches added and still did not get /dev/zfs in the non global zones Enda George Wilson wrote: Apologies for the internal URL, I'm including the list of patches for the everyone's benefit: sparc Patches * ZFS Patches o 118833-17 SunOS 5.10: kernel patch o 118925-02 SunOS 5.10: unistd header file patch o 119578-20 SunOS 5.10: FMA Patch o 119982-05 SunOS 5.10: ufsboot patch o 120986-04 SunOS 5.10: mkfs and newfs patch o 122172-06 SunOS 5.10: swap swapadd isaexec patch o 122174-03 SunOS 5.10: dumpadm patch o 122637-01 SunOS 5.10: zonename patch o 122640-05 SunOS 5.10: zfs genesis patch o 122644-01 SunOS 5.10: zfs header file patch o 122646-01 SunOS 5.10: zlogin patch o 122650-02 SunOS 5.10: zfs tools patch o 122652-03 SunOS 5.10: zfs utilities patch o 122658-02 SunOS 5.10: zonecfg patch o 122660-03 SunOS 5.10: zoneadm zoneadmd patch o 122662-02 SunOS 5.10: libzonecfg patch * Man Pages o 119246-15 SunOS 5.10: Manual Page updates for Solaris 10 * Other Patches o 119986-03 SunOS 5.10: clri patch o 123358-01 SunOS 5.10: jumpstart and live upgrade compliance o 121430-11 SunOS 5.8 5.9 5.10: Live Upgrade Patch i386 Patches * ZFS Patches o 118344-11 SunOS 5.10_x86: Fault Manager Patch o 118855-15 SunOS 5.10_x86: kernel patch o 118919-16 SunOS 5.10_x86: Solaris Crypto Framework patch o 120987-04 SunOS 5.10_x86: mkfs, newfs, other ufs utils patch o 122173-04 SunOS 5.10_x86: swap swapadd patch o 122175-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: dumpadm patch o 122638-01 SunOS 5.10_x86: zonename patch o 122641-06 SunOS 5.10_x86: zfs genesis patch o 122647-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: zlogin patch o 122653-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: utilities patch o 122659-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: zonecfg patch o 122661-02 SunOS 5.10_x86: zoneadm patch o 122663-04 SunOS 5.10_x86: libzonecfg patch o 122665-02 SunOS 5.10_x86: rnode.h/systm.h/zone.h header file * Man Pages o 119247-15 SunOS 5.10_x86: Manual Page updates for Solaris 10 * Other Patches o 118997-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: format patch o 119987-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: clri patch o 122655-05 SunOS 5.10_x86: jumpstart and live upgrade compliance patch o 121431-11 SunOS 5.8_x86 5.9_x86 5.10_x86: Live Upgrade Patch Thanks, George George Wilson wrote: Dave, I'm copying the zfs-discuss alias on this as well... It's possible that not all necessary patches have been installed or they maybe hitting CR# 6428258. If you reboot the zone does it continue to end up in maintenance mode? Also do you know if the necessary ZFS/Zones patches have been updated? Take a look at our webpage which includes the patch list required for Solaris 10: http://rpe.sfbay/bin/view/Tech/ZFS Thanks, George Mahesh Siddheshwar wrote: Original Message Subject: [zones-discuss] Zone boot problems after installing patches Date: Wed, 02 Aug 2006 13:47:46 -0400 From: Dave Bevans [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: zones-discuss@opensolaris.org, [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi, I have a customer with the following problem. He has a V440 running Solaris 10 1/06 with zones. In the case notes he says that he installed a couple Sol 10 patches and now he has problems booting his zones. After doing some checking he found that it appears to be related to a couple of ZFS patches (122650 and 122640). I found a bug (6271309 / lack of zvol breaks all ZFS commands), but not sure if it applies to this situation. Any ideas on this. Here is the customers problem description... Hardware Platform: Sun Fire V440 Component
Re: [zfs-discuss] Re: [Fwd: [zones-discuss] Zone boot problems after installing patches]
Hi I logged CR 6457216 to track this for now. Enda Enda o'Connor - Sun Microsystems Ireland - Software Engineer wrote: Enda o'Connor - Sun Microsystems Ireland - Software Engineer wrote: Hi I guess the problem is that David is using smpatch (our automated patching system ) So in theory he is up to date on his patches ( he has since removed 122660-02 122658-02 122640-05 ) So when I install the following onto a system ( SPARC S10 FCS ) with two zones already running: typo should be update 10 1/06 not FCS 119254-25 ( patchutilties patch ) 119578-26 118822-30 118833-18 122650-02 122640-05 And reboot, I too have the same issue, there is no /dev/zfs in my local zones? # zonename global # # cat /etc/release Solaris 10 1/06 s10s_u1wos_19a SPARC # ls /var/sadm/patch 118822-30 119254-26 120900-04 122640-05 118833-18 119578-26 121133-02 122650-02 # uptime 5:48pm up 2 min(s), 1 user, load average: 0.58, 0.29, 0.11 # ls /export/zones/sparse-1/dev/zfs /export/zones/sparse-1/dev/zfs: No such file or directory # zlogin sparse-1 ls /dev/zfs /dev/zfs: No such file or directory # I rebooted the zone and then the system, touching /reconfigure, all to no avail I then added the rest of the patches you suggested and rebooted my zones and I had /dev/zfs, strange. But David had all the patches added and still did not get /dev/zfs in the non global zones Enda George Wilson wrote: Apologies for the internal URL, I'm including the list of patches for the everyone's benefit: sparc Patches * ZFS Patches o 118833-17 SunOS 5.10: kernel patch o 118925-02 SunOS 5.10: unistd header file patch o 119578-20 SunOS 5.10: FMA Patch o 119982-05 SunOS 5.10: ufsboot patch o 120986-04 SunOS 5.10: mkfs and newfs patch o 122172-06 SunOS 5.10: swap swapadd isaexec patch o 122174-03 SunOS 5.10: dumpadm patch o 122637-01 SunOS 5.10: zonename patch o 122640-05 SunOS 5.10: zfs genesis patch o 122644-01 SunOS 5.10: zfs header file patch o 122646-01 SunOS 5.10: zlogin patch o 122650-02 SunOS 5.10: zfs tools patch o 122652-03 SunOS 5.10: zfs utilities patch o 122658-02 SunOS 5.10: zonecfg patch o 122660-03 SunOS 5.10: zoneadm zoneadmd patch o 122662-02 SunOS 5.10: libzonecfg patch * Man Pages o 119246-15 SunOS 5.10: Manual Page updates for Solaris 10 * Other Patches o 119986-03 SunOS 5.10: clri patch o 123358-01 SunOS 5.10: jumpstart and live upgrade compliance o 121430-11 SunOS 5.8 5.9 5.10: Live Upgrade Patch i386 Patches * ZFS Patches o 118344-11 SunOS 5.10_x86: Fault Manager Patch o 118855-15 SunOS 5.10_x86: kernel patch o 118919-16 SunOS 5.10_x86: Solaris Crypto Framework patch o 120987-04 SunOS 5.10_x86: mkfs, newfs, other ufs utils patch o 122173-04 SunOS 5.10_x86: swap swapadd patch o 122175-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: dumpadm patch o 122638-01 SunOS 5.10_x86: zonename patch o 122641-06 SunOS 5.10_x86: zfs genesis patch o 122647-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: zlogin patch o 122653-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: utilities patch o 122659-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: zonecfg patch o 122661-02 SunOS 5.10_x86: zoneadm patch o 122663-04 SunOS 5.10_x86: libzonecfg patch o 122665-02 SunOS 5.10_x86: rnode.h/systm.h/zone.h header file * Man Pages o 119247-15 SunOS 5.10_x86: Manual Page updates for Solaris 10 * Other Patches o 118997-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: format patch o 119987-03 SunOS 5.10_x86: clri patch o 122655-05 SunOS 5.10_x86: jumpstart and live upgrade compliance patch o 121431-11 SunOS 5.8_x86 5.9_x86 5.10_x86: Live Upgrade Patch Thanks, George George Wilson wrote: Dave, I'm copying the zfs-discuss alias on this as well... It's possible that not all necessary patches have been installed or they maybe hitting CR# 6428258. If you reboot the zone does it continue to end up in maintenance mode? Also do you know if the necessary ZFS/Zones patches have been updated? Take a look at our webpage which includes the patch list required for Solaris 10: http://rpe.sfbay/bin/view/Tech/ZFS Thanks, George Mahesh Siddheshwar wrote: Original Message Subject: [zones-discuss] Zone boot problems after installing patches Date: Wed, 02 Aug 2006 13:47:46 -0400 From: Dave Bevans [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: zones-discuss@opensolaris.org, [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi, I have a customer with the following problem. He has a V440 running Solaris 10 1/06 with zones. In the case notes he says that he installed a couple Sol 10 patches and now he has problems booting his zones. After doing some checking
[zones-discuss] Re: Re: Question: Zones/Mpxio + Disk Array (HDS 9970V
Doug Scott wrote On 08/04/06 11:42,: create a zfs filesystem in the global zone for the zone. Something like $ zfs create mypool/export/zones/zone1 $ mkdir -p /export/zones/zone1 $ zfs set mountpoint=/export/zones/zone1 mypool/export/zones/zone1 With zonecfg set your zonepath=/export/zones/zone1 Wait a sec, this doc is pretty unequivocal about doing this: http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/817-1592/6mhahuous?a= view Hmmm, I have been doing this for a long time (though on nevada) with no problems. If this document is correct it looks like Sun has shot itself in the foot and released ZFS to Solaris 10 with a zery large bug. Is UFS safe??? Doug This message posted from opensolaris.org ___ zones-discuss mailing list zones-discuss@opensolaris.org
Re: [zones-discuss] Re: Re: Question: Zones/Mpxio + Disk Array (HDS 9970V
Doug Scott wrote: Doug Scott wrote On 08/04/06 11:42,: create a zfs filesystem in the global zone for the zone. Something like $ zfs create mypool/export/zones/zone1 $ mkdir -p /export/zones/zone1 $ zfs set mountpoint=/export/zones/zone1 mypool/export/zones/zone1 With zonecfg set your zonepath=/export/zones/zone1 Wait a sec, this doc is pretty unequivocal about doing this: http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/817-1592/6mhahuous?a= view Hmmm, I have been doing this for a long time (though on nevada) with no problems. If this document is correct it looks like Sun has shot itself in the foot and released ZFS to Solaris 10 with a zery large bug. Is UFS safe??? For some reason the url provided does not seem to bring up any specific section in the doc for me, so I am not sure which section is being referenced. Although you can put a zone on a zfs filesystem, we currently caution against this because the upgrade support is not available yet. If you do this on S10u2, you won't be able to upgrade to S10u3. There is also an issue with how space is calculated for installing patches when the zone is on zfs. We have this on the list of things to work on, but I am not sure when it will finally be done. In the meantime, you have to be careful about this kind of configuration. We do have code already available in opensolaris which will automatically create this kind of configuration. It has not yet be backported to S10 because of the these issues though. I am not sure what the comment about 'ufs not being safe' means. Jerry ___ zones-discuss mailing list zones-discuss@opensolaris.org
[zones-discuss] Re: Question: Zones/Mpxio + Disk Array (HDS 9970V
Pierre, OK from the shotgun of replies :), we have worked out there maybe some ZFS/zones upgrade issues for Sol10. Does this stop you from doing what you want to do? If you need to upgrade with the zones in place, then you might want to wait for a later Solaris release, or is the work around uninstall zone, upgrade, reinstall zone ok for you? The other option would be to put your zones on UFS, and mount /export/home/ftp on ZFS. Doug This message posted from opensolaris.org ___ zones-discuss mailing list zones-discuss@opensolaris.org
Re: [zones-discuss] Re: Question: Zones/Mpxio + Disk Array (HDS 9970V
Pierre Klovsjo wrote: Hello and thanks a lot for quick answers. By looking at your answer it looks like we are going to go for spare-root model. So, then to my second question which is actually something more of a design question i think... 1, I let's say i have my Main server running with a HBA card attached to a Disk Array (same as mentioned in my earlier question). I create and mount a nice disk 'pool' with ZFS and everything is working perfect. Given the aforementioned limitations regarding zones and ZFS: will Zones and UFS/SVM work for you? 2, I now create ZONE1. I would then like to mount a /export/home/ftp area on the Disk Array to use as well. Now, What is controlling my access to the HBA card and Disk Array from my Non-Global zone? How do i see my newly created /dev/dsk/... on the Array? Do i have to install the same driver into the non-global zone as i did to the Server itself or? I don't understand all of what you are trying to do yet, but here are some guidelines and specific questions: 1) The Solaris kernel (including device drivers) controls access to the HBA, regardless of the existence of zones. 2) In general, Traffic Manager (MPxIO) should be managed from the global zone. A zone can be assigned individual access to a file system which is benefitting from Traffic Manager. In that case, the zone benefits from TM without even knowing it is there. 3) Does your application need direct device access, e.g. access to /dev/dsk/...? -- -- Jeff VICTOR Sun Microsystemsjeff.victor @ sun.com OS AmbassadorSr. Technical Specialist Solaris 10 Zones FAQ:http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/zones/faq -- ___ zones-discuss mailing list zones-discuss@opensolaris.org