Re: Intradomain DNS Anycast revisited

2005-03-24 Thread Joe Shen
thanks. > No, because both routers are reached through the > same L1/L2 medium, so > Quagga can't use link-state to determine > reachability of the next-hop. > You could fix that by getting rid of the switches, > and just having a bunch > of router interfaces facing two Ethernet interfaces > on

Re: Tier-2 reachability and multihoming

2005-03-24 Thread G Pavan Kumar
On Fri, 25 Mar 2005, Patrick W Gilmore wrote: Okie, this has gone on long enough. If you would like some help, please stop, take a deep breath, count to ten slowly, then ask nicely and some people here might teach you something. May be you should spend more time on networking than your partime j

Re: Intradomain DNS Anycast revisited

2005-03-24 Thread Bill Woodcock
> 1) should each dns cache server be configured a static > default route (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0)? If server-(1,3) is > configured statically to use > router-1 as default router, will Quagga make it use > router-2 when router-1 is not reachable? No, because both routers are reached t

RE: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Hannigan, Martin
> -Original Message- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of > Owen DeLong > Sent: Friday, March 25, 2005 12:00 AM > To: Edward Lewis > Cc: Andrew Dul; nanog@merit.edu > Subject: Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder > > [ snip ] > Right... So, things divide i

Re: Tier-2 reachability and multihoming

2005-03-24 Thread G Pavan Kumar
On Fri, 25 Mar 2005 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Thu, Mar 24, 2005 at 12:18:34PM -0800, Bill Woodcock wrote: On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, G Pavan Kumar wrote: > Actually, I am not doing what you think I am. I am using the RouteViews > aggregation of the BGP routing tables. RouteViews is a projec

Re: Tier-2 reachability and multihoming

2005-03-24 Thread Patrick W Gilmore
On Mar 25, 2005, at 12:25 AM, G Pavan Kumar wrote: On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, Bill Woodcock wrote: On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, G Pavan Kumar wrote: > Actually, I am not doing what you think I am. I am using the RouteViews > aggregation of the BGP routing tables. RouteViews is a project at the >

Re: Tier-2 reachability and multihoming

2005-03-24 Thread G Pavan Kumar
On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, Bill Woodcock wrote: On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, G Pavan Kumar wrote: > Actually, I am not doing what you think I am. I am using the RouteViews > aggregation of the BGP routing tables. RouteViews is a project at the > univ. of Oregon that peers with backbones. Really? C

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Owen DeLong
Here's my dilemma. On the one hand I hear calls for greater operational input to ARIN. On the other hand is empirical evidence that there isn't much input being given. Correct... Generally, you hear those calls coming from ARIN because ARIN is trying to maximize the involvement of its constituen

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Owen DeLong
--On Thursday, March 24, 2005 16:32 -0500 Edward Lewis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: At 12:53 -0800 3/24/05, Owen DeLong wrote: NO. Operational specifications and routing are the domain of the IETF and _NOT_ ARIN. ARIN is responsible for the stewardship of assigned numbers within the ARIN region.

Intradomain DNS Anycast revisited

2005-03-24 Thread Joe Shen
Hi, I'm trying to set up a anycast DNS server farm for customer service. In order to improve availability, we plan to install those servers in one LAN which has the similar structure like : server-(1,3)---switch1---router-1---(outside) | | server-(2,4)---switch

Re: Tier-2 reachability and multihoming

2005-03-24 Thread bmanning
On Thu, Mar 24, 2005 at 12:18:34PM -0800, Bill Woodcock wrote: > > On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, G Pavan Kumar wrote: > > Actually, I am not doing what you think I am. I am using the RouteViews > > aggregation of the BGP routing tables. RouteViews is a project at the > > univ. of Oregon

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Randy Bush
>> NO. Operational specifications and routing are the domain of the IETF >> and _NOT_ ARIN. whoever wrote this should share what they're smoking. > Let's say DNSSEC is ready for deployment. and cash falls from the sky randy

Re: "Bandwidth Advisors" - www.bandwidthadvisors.com

2005-03-24 Thread Tim Pozar
Hannigan, Martin wrote: They're brokers. There's really nothing wrong with what they are doing, although they may not have explained it to you too well. I guess not. What they do is become an agent, or reseller, for a company and they get a residual on anyone they refer. So if you are a corp IT guy

Re: Attractive Nuisance, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread David Barak
--- Mike Leber <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: Well, there has been some movement - Cisco has changed their policy, as noted here: http://www.merit.edu/mail.archives/nanog/2005-02/msg00354.html Now if we can just get everyone else to play along... David Barak Need Geek Rock? Try The Franchise: h

Re: "Bandwidth Advisors" - www.bandwidthadvisors.com

2005-03-24 Thread Paul G
- Original Message - From: "Tim Pozar" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: Sent: Thursday, March 24, 2005 6:57 PM Subject: "Bandwidth Advisors" - www.bandwidthadvisors.com > > Just got a call from "Tosten" of a company called "Bandwidth > Advisors". They represent themselves as a "Independent Te

Re: MIT Hosed? (anyone from Ebay or Rogers available)

2005-03-24 Thread Jeffrey I. Schiller
Problem solved (sort of). Thanks to all who helped. An ISP was leaking routes they picked up via a biazzare (and apparently nonfunctional path). The last hop before the path got to us was Sprint (AS1239) (which we are connected to). We have withdrawn our route from Sprint which made the bogus rou

RE: "Bandwidth Advisors" - www.bandwidthadvisors.com

2005-03-24 Thread Hannigan, Martin
> -Original Message- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of > Tim Pozar > Sent: Thursday, March 24, 2005 6:58 PM > To: nanog@merit.edu > Subject: "Bandwidth Advisors" - www.bandwidthadvisors.com > > > > Just got a call from "Tosten" of a company called "Bandwidth

FW: [IP] a briefing at the National Academies

2005-03-24 Thread Irwin Lazar
FYI: -- Forwarded Message From: "Brownstein, Charles" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 17:05:58 -0500 To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Subject: can you assist in announcing this To interested IP'ers The Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Academies invites you to

"Bandwidth Advisors" - www.bandwidthadvisors.com

2005-03-24 Thread Tim Pozar
Just got a call from "Tosten" of a company called "Bandwidth Advisors". They represent themselves as a "Independent Telco & Colo Consultants" (see web page). Seems that they are calling around ISPs and asking them if they have an "agent" program. After talking to him a bit I find out that they

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread William Allen Simpson
David Barak wrote: wouldn't it be cheaper and easier to simply get a lawyer and an engineer in the same room and brainstorm until you came up with something which pretty-much-worked(tm) and was at least arguably compliant with the law? There have been a couple of ideas bandied about on this list w

Re: FW: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Jay R. Ashworth
On Thu, Mar 24, 2005 at 04:20:10PM -0500, Member Services wrote: > ARIN supports the idea of doing reachability testing on new /8 blocks issued > by the IANA and will begin to set a plan in motion to move forward on this. > Once more details have been worked out, we will notify the community. /me

Re: Vonage SUED over not clearly informing customers re 911 service lacking

2005-03-24 Thread Jay R. Ashworth
On Thu, Mar 24, 2005 at 01:02:26PM -0600, Network.Security wrote: > I read on a Vonage customer forum about "testing" your 911 service with > them, I don't know that I'd advocate that as the PSAPs will likely be > ticked. But again, it emphasizes a point about collaboration between > Vonage and t

Attractive Nuisance, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Mike Leber
Jeeze... It seems there are all kinds of policy wonks ever so ready to errect fantastic edifices and structure all manner of procedure and organization in order to fix the problem of newly allocated address space being filtered that is largely caused by a highly visible attractive nuisance, and

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread Jay R. Ashworth
On Thu, Mar 24, 2005 at 05:48:00AM -0800, David Barak wrote: > if you prick them, they'll bleed... What color? Cheers, -- jra -- Jay R. Ashworth[EMAIL PROTECTED] Designer Baylink RFC 2100 Ashwor

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread Jay R. Ashworth
On Wed, Mar 23, 2005 at 08:12:33PM -0500, William Allen Simpson wrote: > "The price of liberty is eternal vigilance." or vice versa. > > "Conviction is worthless unless it is converted into conduct." "Defending *palatable* speech is unremarkable." -- me Cheers, -- jra -- Jay R. Ashworth

MIT Hosed? (anyone from Ebay or Rogers available)

2005-03-24 Thread Jeffrey I. Schiller
Looking for some help... Net 18/8 seems to be unable to reach significant portions of the Internet. I suspect that someone is advertising a bogus route for us. None of the regular looking glasses show any problems though. If anyone from Ebay or Rogers Cable (AS812) is listening, I would really l

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Edward Lewis
At 13:01 -0800 3/24/05, Owen DeLong wrote: There are not many such proposals in play at the moment because the ARIN community reached consensus around most of these issues over the last two years. There seems to be general agreement that the current state of things is acceptable in terms of Whois

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Edward Lewis
At 12:53 -0800 3/24/05, Owen DeLong wrote: NO. Operational specifications and routing are the domain of the IETF and _NOT_ ARIN. ARIN is responsible for the stewardship of assigned numbers within the ARIN region. This includes IP addresses, Autonomous System Numbers, and, DNS delegations for rev

FW: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Member Services
ARIN supports the idea of doing reachability testing on new /8 blocks issued by the IANA and will begin to set a plan in motion to move forward on this. Once more details have been worked out, we will notify the community. Regards, Leslie Nobile Director, Registration Services American Registry

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Owen DeLong
--On Thursday, March 24, 2005 3:20 PM -0500 Edward Lewis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > At 17:01 + 3/24/05, Andrew Dul wrote: > >> I agree, I'd certainly like to see more people actively participate in >> the process. If nanog folks believe that the ARIN membership is not >> getting the r

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Owen DeLong
> One question does haunt me about how the operations community views ARIN. > Most ARIN policies are concerned with address allocation, reporting, and > such. There are not many policies regarding the functional role ARIN > plays in the Internet, the only one that leaps to mind is a lame > delegat

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Andrew Dul
---Original Message--- > From: "Edward Lewis" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > Subject: Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder > Sent: 24 Mar 2005 12:20:08 > > At 17:01 + 3/24/05, Andrew Dul wrote: > > >I agree, I'd certainly like to see more people actively participate in the > >process.

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Owen DeLong
> I agree, I'd certainly like to see more people actively participate in > the process. If nanog folks believe that the ARIN membership is not > getting the right stuff done... How do we fix this problem? How do we > get more operators involved and active in the RIRs? > I'd like to point out t

Re: Vonage SUED over not clearly informing customers re 911 service lacking

2005-03-24 Thread Adam Rothschild
On 2005-03-24-14:02:26, "Network.Security" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I'm not saying (nor do I hope the PSAPs are either) that Vonage > should cease and desist service because of the 911 issues, rather > greater partnership needs to be initiated to insure that VoIP > service and POTS have the sa

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Edward Lewis
At 17:01 + 3/24/05, Andrew Dul wrote: I agree, I'd certainly like to see more people actively participate in the process. If nanog folks believe that the ARIN membership is not getting the right stuff done... How do we fix this problem? How do we get more operators involved and active in th

Re: Tier-2 reachability and multihoming

2005-03-24 Thread Bill Woodcock
On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, G Pavan Kumar wrote: > Actually, I am not doing what you think I am. I am using the RouteViews > aggregation of the BGP routing tables. RouteViews is a project at the > univ. of Oregon that peers with backbones. Really? Could you tell us more about it? I t

Re: Please verify RFC1918 filters

2005-03-24 Thread Randy Bush
> try 172.128.1.1 thanks. yummy. randy

Re: Please verify RFC1918 filters

2005-03-24 Thread vijay gill
On Tue, Mar 22, 2005 at 03:13:07PM -0800, Randy Bush wrote: > y'all might give us something pingable in that space so we can > do a primitive and incomplete test in a simple fashion. > > randy > try 172.128.1.1 /vijay

RE: Vonage SUED over not clearly informing customers re 911 service lacking

2005-03-24 Thread Network.Security
Re: "Your Call Will Go To A General Access Line at the Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP). This is different from the 911 Emergency Response Center where traditional 911 calls go." In talking with my local PSAP about VoIP services and this particular issue, they (PSAPs collectively) are fairly

RE: Vonage SUED over not clearly informing customers re 911 service lacking

2005-03-24 Thread Daniel Senie
At 01:38 PM 3/24/2005, Oren Levin wrote: > -Original Message- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of J.D. Falk > Sent: Thursday, March 24, 2005 1:37 AM > > On 03/23/05, "Sam Hayes Merritt, III" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > >> Subject: Re: Vonage sold over not clea

RE: Vonage SUED over not clearly informing customers re 911 service lacking

2005-03-24 Thread Oren Levin
> -Original Message- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of J.D. Falk > Sent: Thursday, March 24, 2005 1:37 AM > > On 03/23/05, "Sam Hayes Merritt, III" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > >> Subject: Re: Vonage sold over not clearly informing customers re 911 servi

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Andrew Dul
>From: Michael.Dillon >Date: Thu Mar 24 11:34:52 2005 > > > >> The other consequence is that the membership takes on the >> responsibility for ARIN's actions. Not the staff's actions, but >> ARIN's actions. If t

Re: IBM to offer service to bounce unwanted e-mail back to the

2005-03-24 Thread Rich Kulawiec
> If FairUCE can't verify sender identity, then it goes into > challenge-response mode, sending a challenge email to the sender, Let me rephrase that more accurately: "...spamming everyone who has been so unfortunate as to have their address forged into a mail message..." Cha

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Jon Lewis
On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, Christopher L. Morrow wrote: > > > > is arin the problem here? or are 'lazy'/'dumb'/'mistaken'/'poorly > > > > informed' admins the problem? > > > > > >Lazy/misguided/ex admins / downsized networks are the problem. ARIN is in > > >a unique position to be able to do something

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread David Barak
--- William Allen Simpson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I'm assuming that you really operate an ISP in Utah. > And that you are > willing to spend some time in jail at various times, > have $10,000 or so > for bail, and a few $100,000 for attorney fees -- > none of which you'll > get back even s

Re: ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Michael . Dillon
> The other consequence is that the membership takes on the > responsibility for ARIN's actions. Not the staff's actions, but > ARIN's actions. If there is any dysfunction in ARIN, I suspect that > it lay here. Yes, this is what I believe. The ARIN membership is more passive than I think is

ARIN, was Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Edward Lewis
At 15:17 + 3/24/05, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: To begin with, nothing I have to say here has any bearing on the other IRR's. There is a reason there are 4-5 IRRs, each should be tuned to local sensibilities. However, ARIN today is a very dysfunctional organization. That is a very brash statem

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Jon Lewis
On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, Randy Bush wrote: > > ARIN is in a unique position to be able to do something to at > > least try to mitigate the problem without too much effort before > > handing "damaged IP space" out to members. > > damaged? so you will do your bit to undamage unused ip space by > not b

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread Richard Irving
David Barak wrote: For crying out loud - this is UTAH, not the moon: the people there are just like people everywhere. Yeah, they tend to be a bit more socially conservative than the libertarian-leaning NANOG membership is used to, but it's not like they've got 2 heads and three arms - if you pri

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Christopher L. Morrow
On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, Daniel Senie wrote: > > At 10:06 AM 3/24/2005, Jon Lewis wrote: > > >On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, Christopher L. Morrow wrote: > > > > > On Thu, 24 Mar 2005 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > > > > > > > In any case, it is not important how the message > > > > gets communicated to ARIN. Wha

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread William Allen Simpson
David Barak wrote: Planned Parenthood is quite alive and well in Utah. Contraceptives are freely advertised on TV and given out on campus at the U of U. All of the other stuff you're seeing is either: 1) unenforcable old blue laws similar to ... Don't know about Utah, but do know about Michig

RE: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Hannigan, Martin
> -Original Message- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of > Randy Bush > Sent: Thursday, March 24, 2005 9:45 AM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Cc: nanog@merit.edu > Subject: Re: 72/8 friendly reminder > > > > > In any case, it is not important how the message > > ge

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Randy Bush
>> is arin the problem here? or are 'lazy'/'dumb'/'mistaken'/'poorly >> informed' admins the problem? > Lazy/misguided/ex admins / downsized networks are the problem. if aol is not worried enough to tell us an address to ping, perhaps you can see why we prospective pingers are not getting our und

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Daniel Senie
At 10:06 AM 3/24/2005, Jon Lewis wrote: On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, Christopher L. Morrow wrote: > On Thu, 24 Mar 2005 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > > > In any case, it is not important how the message > > gets communicated to ARIN. What is important is for > > network operators to *TELL* ARIN what they need

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Michael . Dillon
> > In any case, it is not important how the message > > gets communicated to ARIN. What is important is for > > network operators to *TELL* ARIN what they need ARIN > > is arin the problem here? or are 'lazy'/'dumb'/'mistaken'/'poorly > informed' admins the problem? ARIN is not part of the prob

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Jon Lewis
On Thu, 24 Mar 2005, Christopher L. Morrow wrote: > On Thu, 24 Mar 2005 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > > > In any case, it is not important how the message > > gets communicated to ARIN. What is important is for > > network operators to *TELL* ARIN what they need ARIN > > is arin the problem here? or

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Christopher L. Morrow
On Thu, 24 Mar 2005 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > In any case, it is not important how the message > gets communicated to ARIN. What is important is for > network operators to *TELL* ARIN what they need ARIN is arin the problem here? or are 'lazy'/'dumb'/'mistaken'/'poorly informed' admins the pro

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Randy Bush
> In any case, it is not important how the message > gets communicated to ARIN. What is important is for > network operators to *TELL* ARIN what they need ARIN > to do. One way to talk to ARIN is through the public > meetings and another way is to email one of the > trustees. and one is to send

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine
> 1) unenforcable old blue laws similar to how Native > Americans need to be escorted by police in > Massachussetts (i.e. they never got around to fixing > old bad law, but noone cares anymore) Actually, Indian towns were goverened by Blue Laws up the second half of the 20th century. Not every la

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Michael . Dillon
> it seems that even bureaucrazy ripe managed to do it without > holding policy discussions; see henk's posting. I believe that RIPE does these things BECAUSE it is more bureaucratic than ARIN. As a result, RIPE staff feel more empowered to do sensible projects outside of the policy process. In

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread Michael . Dillon
> so while I agree that this is a goofy law which was > poorly written - there IS a demand for this type of > service, and we'll see how it plays out. Right! Not everyone needs or wants plain old raw Internet access. That is a commodity service which appealed to the early adopters who were techni

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Randy Bush
>> a bit more coffee made me realize that what might best occur would >> be for the rir, some weeks BEFORE assigning from a new block issued >> by the iana, put up a pingable for that space and announce it on >> the lists so we can all test BEFORE someone uses space from that >> block. > ARIN meet

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread Fergie (Paul Ferguson)
the fight against pornography, and said a legal challenge is likely." http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&ncid=1212&e=3&u=/ap/20050324/ap_on_hi_te/internet_porn&sid=95573501 - ferg -- David Barak <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: so while I agree that this is a goofy law

Re: Utah governor signs Net-porn bill

2005-03-24 Thread David Barak
--- William Allen Simpson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > So, Utah law _already_ means no links to Planned > Parenthood et alia. > Planned Parenthood is quite alive and well in Utah. Contraceptives are freely advertised on TV and given out on campus at the U of U. All of the other stuff you're s

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread william(at)elan.net
a bit more coffee made me realize that what might best occur would be for the rir, some weeks BEFORE assigning from a new block issued by the iana, put up a pingable for that space and announce it on the lists so we can all test BEFORE someone uses space from that block. Based on what I've seen in

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Michael . Dillon
> a bit more coffee made me realize that what might best occur would > be for the rir, some weeks BEFORE assigning from a new block issued > by the iana, put up a pingable for that space and announce it on > the lists so we can all test BEFORE someone uses space from that > block. ARIN meeting ha

Re: 72/8 friendly reminder

2005-03-24 Thread Henk Uijterwaal
At 20:05 23/03/2005, Steven M. Bellovin wrote: In message <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Randy Bush writes: > >>> We were recently assigned a 72.244/16 allocation from ARIN. Friendly >>> reminder that ARIN started allocating 72/8 since Aug. If you have a >>> static bogon filters, can you please make sure the

Re: Tier-2 reachability and multihoming

2005-03-24 Thread Steve Gibbard
G Pavan Kumar wrote: I have been working on characterizing the internet hierarchy. I noticed that 27% of the total possible tier-2 provider node pairs are unreachable i.e., they dont have any tier-1 node connecting them nor a direct peering link between them. Multihoming can be used as