bar.yourclass import YourClass
If this spelling causes local name clashes, then spell them
import myclass
import foo.bar.yourclass
and use "myclass.MyClass" and "foo.bar.yourclass.YourClass"
Ultimately it is a matter of taste I think!
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Slaunger <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On 1 Dec., 16:30, Nick Craig-Wood <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >
> > I wouldn't use __getattr__ unless you've got lots of attributes to
> > overload. ?__getattr__ is a recipe for getting yourself into trouble
>
I would never tell someone what editor to use in the same way I
wouldn't tell someone what religion to believe in. Which is to say, I
would tell my kids or other trusting soul... I used emacs for years, I
was eventually convinced to start using nedit, which is quite nice.
For an IDE, which I need
e
first time it will populate itself.
If None is a valid value for data then make a sentinel, eg
class PayloadOnDemand(object):
sentinel = object()
def __init__(self, a_file, a_file_position):
self._data = self.sentinel
self.f = a_file
self.file_position = a_file_position
@property
def data(self):
if self._data is self.sentinel:
self._data = self.really_read_the_data()
return self._data
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im have all these features, don't
know about Eclipse.
In fact if I had to pick one feature that a programmer's editor must
have it would be keyboard macros.
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uot;
And here is the test again, actually calling something with the same
difference in execution speed :-
$ python -m timeit -s 'from os import nice' 'nice(0)'
100 loops, best of 3: 1.21 usec per loop
$ python -m timeit -s 'import os' 'os.nice(0)'
100 loops, best of 3: 1.48 usec per loop
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e 'r' at 0xb7d03020> fd=0
STDOUT ', mode 'w' at 0xb7d03068> fd=1
os.O_NDELAY=0800
stdin: flag=0002
stdout: flag=8001
setting non blocking on stdin...
stdin: flag=0802
stdout: flag=8001
removing non blocking on stdin...
stdin: flag=0002
stdout: flag=8001
So I suspect your result is because stdin and stdout refer to the same
file (eg /dev/tty0 or /dev/pts/25).
No idea whether this is correct behaviour or not though!
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opendir(".")
print "dir_p = %r" % dir_p
dir_fd = dirfd(dir_p)
print "dir_fd = %r" % dir_fd
print "closed (rc %r)" % closedir(dir_p)
Which prints on my linux machine
dir_p =
dir_fd = 3
closed (rc 0)
I don't know why os doesn't wrap - opendir, cl
'm still waiting to hear that
>
> from __past__ import division
>
> will become a reality...
;-)
I think that is called using // instead of / which works without any
from __future__ import from python 2.2 onwards.
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is directory. I have a feeling that
> pdflatex is trying to generate files using some weird access
> credentials that dont have access to /tmp/pdfscratch{id}
Unlikely - it takes root to change user and I wouldn't have thought
any of the files would be setuid.
Try chdir to /tmp/pdfscrat
I've just come to the conclusion it's not possible to call functions
in python, to do so is undefined and indeterminate, like dividing by
zero. Henceforth no calling functions for me as clearly it's the
devil's playground.
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greg <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
> > (Note that basic pickle protocol is likely to be more compressible
> > than the binary version!)
>
> Although the binary version may be more compact to
> start with. It would be interesting to compar
hmod(0775, "directory")
rather than
os.chmod(775, "directory")
(leading 0 implies octal)
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ot;, "rb")
>>> M = pickle.load(f)
>>> f.close()
>>> M == L
True
>>>
(Note that basic pickle protocol is likely to be more compressible
than the binary version!)
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> >> * Do all objects have values? (Ignore the Python
> >> docs if necessary.)
>
> > If one allows null values, I am current thinking yes.
>
> I don't see a difference between a "null value"
> and not having a value.
>
I think the difference is concrete... an uninitialized variable in C
has no va
protool. Here's a silly example:
>
> >>> len(pickle.dumps([1,2,3], pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL))
> 14
> >>> len(pickle.dumps([1,2,3], 0))
> 18
Or even
>>> L = range(100)
>>> a = pickle.dumps(L)
>>> len(a)
496
>>>
have_overlooked()
> do_something_where_I_know_a_ValueError_can_be_raised()
> catch ValueError:
> handle_the_anticipated_ValueError_from_std_lib()
> finally:
>
>
> I will not notice that it was an unanticpated condition in my own
> code, which cause
a-b; };
>int mymul( int a, int b ) { return a*b; };
> }
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>File "", line 1, in
>File "test.py", line 7, in
> import _test
> ImportError: ./_test.so: undefined symbol: binary_op
Nowhere in your code is the definition of binary_op - that is why you
get a linker error.
Is it defined in another C file? If so you need to link it with the
swig wrapper before you make the .so
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ting things into your local namespace is also the quickest, but
that isn't why I do it!
There are arguments against doing this, which I'm sure you'll hear
shortly ;-)
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a look at the code SWIG
generates and see if it puts some extern "C" in and match what it
does in your code.
We used to use SWIG in for python embedding in our C++ project, but we
found that using ctypes is a lot easier. You just write C .so/.dll
and use ctypes to access them. You can do callbacks and embedding
python like this too.
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m mmap import mmap
>>> a = mmap(-1, 10)
>>> a[0]
'\x00'
>>> a[0] = 'z'
>>> a[9]
'\x00'
>>> a[9]='q'
>>> a[9]
'q'
>>> del a
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> since both are equally informative when it comes to tracing the faulty
> assignment.
>
steve, they are not equally informative, the assertion is designed to
fire earlier in the process, and therefore before much mischief and
corruption can be done compared to later, when you happen to hit the
m
> This is better achived, not by littering the functional code unit with
> numerous assertions that obscure the normal function of the code, but
> rather by employing comprehensive unit tests *separate from* the code
> unit.
that doesn't seem to work too well when shipping a library for someone
el
> arguably even older than that to Lisp.
>
Firstly, thanks to those that have responded to my part in this
debate, I have found it very informative and interesting as I have the
entire thread. However, with regard to comments that I led myself
astray, I want to reiterate the one thing I find det
es.
Eg http://bugs.python.org/issue1515829
I'd attack this problem using beatifulsoup probably rather than
regexps!
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On Nov 4, 11:06 am, Joe Strout <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Nov 4, 2008, at 7:42 AM, Craig Allen wrote:
>
> > coming from C/C++ Python seemed to me call by reference, for the
> > pragmatic reason you said, modificaitons to function arguments do
> > affect th
>
> If the assert statement fails (and it does), then no copy was made and
> Python is not call-by-value.
>
> So Python is not call-by-value, and it's not call-by-reference, so ...
> either Python doesn't exist, or it uses a different calling convention.
>
coming from C/C++ Python seemed to me cal
> article:http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3882
even if it is by Eric Raymond
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> article:http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3882
interesting read, thanks
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>
> Care to say more about what they are, not what they're like?
>
I'm not the OP and I may be biased by C++, I can imagine the
complaints when I say, classes are just structures with function
members for working on the structure.
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> Thank you, Chris. Class.__bases__ is exactly what I wanted to see.
> And I thought I had tried isinstance(), and found it lacking -- but I
> just tried it again, and it does what I hoped it would do.
While isinstance is no doubt the proper way to access this
information, you may have run into
>
> Developer. NOT User.
I go around and around on this issue, and have ended up considering
anyone using my code a user, and if it's a library or class system,
likely that user is a programmer. I don't really think there is a
strong distinction... more and more users can do sophisticated
configu
when I was a baby programmer even vendors didn't have documentation to
throw out... we just viewed the dissassembeled opcodes to find out how
things worked... we never did find out much but I could make the speak
click, and we were happy with it.
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it's commercial, but I like WingIDE enough to recommend... I run it on
Linux and Mac and it works well.
-craig
On Oct 15, 7:19 am, "Steve Phillips" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi All,
> I am just wondering what seems to be the most popular IDE. The reason
> I ask
as a 20 year observer of microsoft, I have to say this is not amazing
at all... and I do not mean that as a random put down of Microsoft.
Microsoft often develops things in response to demand... but they
don't always fit in their system well, and thus are not really used in
the spirit of the demand
gt;
>>>
So just remove the parentheses and you'll be fine.
I have to say I prefer named functions, but I haven't done much
functional programming
def f(ai, bi):
return ai * bi
ci.addCallback(f)
def f(i, s):
return field(i + 1), s
map(f, enumerate(si))
jangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/flatpages/
A bit more of a learning curve but you'll definitely be in charge.
Somebody used to Django could set up a flatpages site in 5 minutes
probably! It will take you a couple of hours the first time though.
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to build an rpm and converting to a .deb.
The app is then tested with "etch" or whatever.
If easy_install could build debs that would be really helpful!
> Suggestions on build/rollout tools (like zc.buildout, Paver, etc) would
> also be appreciated.
Use setup.py to build in
getcontext().prec += 1
finally:
setcontext(oldcontext)
print "float(0.1) is", floatToDecimal(0.1)
----
Prints this
float(0.1) is 0.155511151231257827021181583404541015625
On my platform
Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Aug 8 2008, 09:22:44),
[GCC 4.3.1] on linux2
Linux 2.6.26-1-686
Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU T7200
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> Why, yes, I am wearing my BOFH hat. How could you tell?
>
> --
> Tim Rowe
evil, but I think you may be a BSEFH, not a BOFH.
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that you actually opened the file, ie file_1 != 0.
This might be relevant
http://effbot.org/pyfaq/pyrun-simplefile-crashes-on-windows-but-not-on-unix-why.htm
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dn't read result from MyModule.SubModule.my_function");
goto out;
}
my_result = strdup(my_result); /* keep in our own memory */
out:;
Py_XDECREF(result);
Py_XDECREF(module);
return my_result;
}
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t the exact representations leak out anyway (which
causes a lot of FAQs in this list), eg
>>> 0.1
0.10001
IMHO We should put the exact conversions in for floats to Decimal and
Fraction by default and add a new section to the FAQ!
In that way people will see floats for what the
> The
> question is: should the library function be able to just dump to
> sys.exit() with a message about the error (like "couldn't open this
> file"), or should the exception propagate to the calling program which
> handles the issue?
>
my view is that the exceptions are there precisely to tell
I'm interested what others think of this because at first I couldn't
get it... I have an object which can iterate over its parts... and at
first I thought, what? I'm supposed to create a new object every time
the user needs to iterate the contents?
In the end I interpreted that statement as if "un
> > > Usegrammers?
>
usegrammers are just those that use grammars, but misspell it.
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> if they want to, but it is *fully* OO in that it includes everything
> required to do OO. But maybe the original blogger meant by "fully OO"
> what I mean by "Pure OO"?
it seems to me this is what was meant... pure OO, AND forced to use
it.
My personal feeling is that python is multiparadigmed
It is clear to me that Python is a multiparadigmed object oriented
language. It is clearly possible to write procedural code... that is,
Python does not force object oriented syntax or concepts on you and
insist you define everything in such a structure. Is the OO it allows
full OO, I think so, an
> Snce when are "users" ever involved
> in programming problems or programming
> languages ?
>
since the begining, the first users are programmers, users of your
libraries.
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Steven D'Aprano <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Thu, 11 Sep 2008 03:36:35 -0500, Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
>
> > As an ex-perl programmer and having used python for some years now, I'd
> > type the explicit
> >
> > v1,v2,v3 = mydict['one
On Sep 11, 10:25 am, nntpman68 <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >> doesn't exactly work for Python scripts, though:
>
> >> $ cat env.py
> >> #!/usr/bin/env python
> >> import os
> >> os.environ["TEST"] = "hello"
>
> >> $ . ./env.py && env | grep TEST
> >> import: unable to open X server `'.
> >> bash:
= mydict['two']
v3 = mydict['two']
Either is only a couple more characters to type. It is completely
explicit and comprehensible to everyone, in comparison to
v1,v2,v3 = [ mydict[k] for k in ['one','two','two']] # 52 chars
v1,v2,v3 = [
#x27;d use select and run
asynchronously.
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-select.html
Actually if I really had to do this I'd use twisted. Right tool for
the job!
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I want to do this as well, and also some other audio processing via
python. I have not tried yet, but much of my research points to
pyaudio, PortAudio bindings for python, which is supposed to be multi-
platform including Mac OS X, but as I say, I've not tried it yet.
Related to this are some exa
orting
it to python but looking at the regular expressions made me feel weak
at the knees ;-)
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27;
> a.__argname__= new_value
Not quite sure what the above is supposed to achieve
> rather than :
>
> if arg == 'height':
>a.height = new_value
> elif arg == 'width';
>a.width = new_value
>
> Can I do this with python ? How ?
se
inimize programming errors, simple code mistakes
> too.
And perl also
*ducks*
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On Aug 29, 7:23 am, cnb <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> If I get zero division error it is obv a poor solution to do try and
> except since it can be solved with an if-clause.
>
> However if a program runs out of memory I should just let it crash
> right? Because if not then I'd have to write exceptio
generally, I name the members in the Class definition and set them to
None there...
class Car:
speed = None
brand = None
def __init__():
self.speed = defaultspeed #alternately, and more commonly, get
this speed as a initializer argument
self.brand = defaultbrand
That solves
to script that with python.
See here for some more info on dcop :-
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-dcop/
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c_char_p(136692916)
>>> s.value
'hello'
>>>
or use ctypes.memmove to copy the data out to somewhere else.
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---
class Test(object):
def __init__(self):
self.foo = []
def goo(self):
self.foo.append(2)
def moo(self):
print self.foo
test = Test()
>>> from test2 import test
>>> test.foo
[]
>>> test.goo()
>>> test.foo
[2]
>>> test.moo()
[2]
>>>
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On Aug 1, 2:28 pm, John Krukoff <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Thu, 2008-07-31 at 18:27 -0700, Craig Allen wrote:
> > I have followed the GIL debate in python for some time. I don't want
> > to get into the regular debate about if it should be gotten rid of
> >
a.x
0
>>> memmove(addressof(a), packet, sizeof(a))
3083811008L
>>> a.x
258
I think the second of those methods is promoted by the ctypes
documentation. I'm not sure about the lifetimes of the .contents in
the first method!
And the reverse
>>>
On Aug 1, 12:06 pm, Rhamphoryncus <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Jul 31, 7:27 pm, Craig Allen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>
>
> > I have followed the GIL debate in python for some time. I don't want
> > to get into the regular debate about if it should
I have followed the GIL debate in python for some time. I don't want
to get into the regular debate about if it should be gotten rid of
(though I am curious about the status of that for Python 3)...
personally I think I can do multi-threaded programming well, but I
also see the benefits of a multi
n the old site!
Mind telling us how it is implemented? I'm guessing python/django by
the url and the fact that you have python stuff on your home pages but
I could be wrong!
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ll, but I haven't found any way of doing that. Can anyone offer
> my some suggestions? Or, am I S.O.L.?
You could try loading C explicitly with ctypes.LoadLibrary() before
loading A, then you'll have a handle to unload it before you load B.
I think I'd probably split the c
it's clear to me that the perfect language should exist a priori,
coming to being causa sui. Having to actually implement a language is
disgusting and unnatural.
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On Jul 17, 9:04 pm, Paddy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Jul 16, 11:20 pm, Craig Allen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > Hey, forgive me for just diving in, but I have a question I was
> > thinking of asking on another list but it really is a general question
> >
On Jul 17, 2:15 am, Uwe Schmitt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
> On 17 Jul., 00:20, Craig Allen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>
>
> > I have several classes in our system which need to act like
> > singletons, they are libraries of data classifications, and other
On Jul 16, 7:01 pm, Lawrence D'Oliveiro <[EMAIL PROTECTED]
central.gen.new_zealand> wrote:
> In message
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Craig
>
> Allen wrote:
> > ... the ideal is still that
>
> > tl = TehLibrary() would always return t
al
is still that
tl = TehLibrary() would always return the same object.
-craig
On Jul 16, 2:00 pm, castironpi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Jul 16, 5:20 pm, Craig Allen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>
>
> > Hey, forgive me for just diving in, but I have a question I was
&g
Hey, forgive me for just diving in, but I have a question I was
thinking of asking on another list but it really is a general question
so let me ask it here. It's about how to approach making singletons.
Background: I've been programming in python seriously for about a year
now, maybe a little lon
Rich Harkins <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
> [snip]
> > By definition any function in a functional language will
> > always produce the same result if given the same arguments, so you can
> > memoize any function.
> >
>
> Ah, s
passing len(x) arguments to zip.
So if x = [1,2,3,4]
zip(*x) == zip(1,2,3,4)
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e here for a python memoize which makes the recursive algorithm run
fast...
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52201
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add a bit of C/C++
if some part of it was running too slowly. If there were existing
C/C++ libraries then I'd use ctypes to interface with them.
I don't think I ever want to start another large C++ app - been there,
done that, got the (mental) scars to prove it ;-)
All my humble opinio
Something like this might do the trick:
import re
f = open("file.txt")
old_text = f.readlines()
f.close()
new_text = [re.sub(r'.\b', '', i) for i in old_text]
f = open("file_modified.txt", "w")
f.writelines(new_text)
I don't know how necessary the separate read and writes are, but it'll be
good
evidentemente.yo <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On 24 jun, 14:32, Nick Craig-Wood <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > Probably what you want is this...
> >
> > from subprocess import call
> >
> > rc = call(["mypath/myfile.exe",arg1,arg2])
t creates two lists
then joins them then throws the whole lot away!
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robably what you want is this...
from subprocess import call
rc = call(["mypath/myfile.exe",arg1,arg2])
rc will contain the exit status
See the subprocess module for more things you can do
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)
Another VM to run python would be nice of course, but we already have
jython, ironpython and pypy.
Both jython and ironpython use JIT, pypy can compile to native code
and you can use psyco for JIT code also in normal python.
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out.append(hex_to_binary[hex_digit])
... out = "".join(out).lstrip("0")
... if out == "":
... out = "0"
... return out
...
>>> to_binary(0)
'0'
>>> to_binary(10)
'1010'
>>> to_binary(100)
'1100100'
>>> to_binary(1000)
'101000'
>>> to_binary(1000)
'1000101011000111001000110100100010001000'
But don't try this ;-)
>>> to_binary(-1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "", line 4, in to_binary
KeyError: '-'
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t;>> value
'\xc9\x11}\x8f?64\x83\xf3\xcaPz\x1d!\xddd'
>>> value.encode("hex")
'c9117d8f3f363483f3ca507a1d21dd64'
>>> long(value.encode("hex"), 16)
267265642849753964132104960801656397156L
>>>
> For unicode encoding, I can do, md5.update(value.encode('utf-8')) to
> give me ascii values.
Yes that would be fine
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if not os.path.exists('aaa'):
fd = open('aaa', 'w+')
else:
fd = open('aaa', 'r+')
fcntl.flock(fd,fcntl.LOCK_EX)
fd.truncate()
fd.write(data)
fd.close()
def check():
fd = open('aaa', 'r')
fcntl.flock(fd,fcntl.LOCK_EX)
data = fd.read()
fd.close()
if data not in ("sausage", "potato"):
raise AssertionError("Wrong data %r" % data)
if os.path.exists("aaa"):
os.unlink("aaa")
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print "Syntax: %s " % sys.argv[0]
raise SystemExit(1)
method = globals()["method_"+sys.argv[1]]
if os.fork():
while 1:
method("sausage")
check()
else:
while 1:
method("potato")
check()
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vention.
I guess you've compiled your DLL with C++ and the above is a C++
mangled name.
Either compile it with C, or export the names in an extern "C" { }
block.
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numerate(collatz(13)):
... last = x[:i+1]
... print x[:i+1]
... else:
... last.append(1)
... print last
...
[13]
[13, 40]
[13, 40, 20]
[13, 40, 20, 10]
[13, 40, 20, 10, 5]
[13, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16]
[13, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8]
[13, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4]
[13, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8,
expensive than computer time,
> after all.
Good advice with one caveat: sorted() was only introduced in python
2.4 so if your code must run on earlier versions then use list.sort()
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'e']
> 2 : ['c']
> 3 : ['b', 'd']
> 4 : ['f']
>
Or use the little understood dict.setdefault method which has been
with us from time immemorial...
>>> d = {'a' : 1, 'b' : 3, 'c' : 2,'d' : 3,'e' : 1,'f' : 4}
>>> dd = {}
>>> for k, v in d.items():
... dd.setdefault(v, []).append(k)
...
>>> dd
{1: ['a', 'e'], 2: ['c'], 3: ['b', 'd'], 4: ['f']}
>>>
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.mpq(123,1000)
>>> b = gmpy.mpq(12,100)
>>> a+b
mpq(243,1000)
>>> a*b
mpq(369,25000)
>>> a/b
mpq(41,40)
>>>
It is also *very* fast being written in C.
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which was
from MSSQL->MySQL).
You'll find that different databases have subtly different ways of
doing things (eg autoincrement fields on mysql) so you'll most likely
need a custom script anyway.
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SOURCE"
> redefined
>
> but if i do
>
> export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/python2.4
>
> I do not face any compilation issues.
>
> I would like to know if there is anything i am missing on this.
Do it in your code with
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE
instead of the Makefile
but once you do you'll be writing a
killer crawler ;-)
As for Perl - once upon a time I would have done this with perl, but I
wouldn't go back now!
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Nick Craig-Wood <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick
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Theo v. Werkhoven <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> The carbonbased lifeform Nick Craig-Wood inspired comp.lang.python with:
> > Theo v. Werkhoven <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >> Output:
> >> Sample 1, at 0.0 seconds from start; Output power is: 8.967 dBm
>
Tim Roberts <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Nick Craig-Wood <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >
> >time.clock() uses QueryPerformanceCounter under windows. There are
> >some known problems with that (eg with Dual core AMD processors).
> >
> >See http://m
ion layer (HAL). To specify processor
affinity for a thread, use the SetThreadAffinityMask function.
I would have said time.time is what you want to use anyway though
because under unix time.clock() returns the elapsed CPU time which is
not what you want at all!
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com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/496960
and
http://sebulba.wikispaces.com/recipe+thread2
Read the caveats!
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L or Expect nor does it require C extensions to be
compiled. It should work on any platform that supports the standard
Python pty module. The Pexpect interface was designed to be easy to
use.
You'll never get it to work with subprocess like this because of the
buffering.
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> dwCreationDisposition,
> FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
> NULL );
use os.read os.write and os.open which will give you OS handles rather
than python file objects, ie I think these are a fairly direct
interface to CreatFile etc
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