Thanks Marshall. James Osbourne Holmes [email protected]
-----Original Message----- From: Marshall Dudley [SMTP:[email protected]] Sent: Friday, April 07, 2000 3:15 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Re: CS>Colour and silver oxide (long) was CS Makers. Stephen Quinto wrote: > I think it was Marshall who pointed out that AC reverses polarity at the > rate of 60 cycles per second, at least here in the States. And that > consequently there is no anode and cathode since each electrode alternates > in that role. > The implication being that the colloidal particles that might otherwise (in > a DC process for example) possess the charge that gives them the catalytic > quality of a true colloid as opposed to the flatter or neutral qualities of > elemental silver may be lacking. > Stephen I do not believe this analysis is correct. I believe the situation must be analysed as a dynamic situation, as opposed to a static, or near static situation as can the LVDC method. Two things happen differently with HVAC. First, since the polarity is continually alternating, both oxygen and hydrogen are generated at each electrode. Since both of these elements are much more active chemically than silver, they react with each other, instead of reacting with the silver. This is why HVAC can produce clear CS with no tarnishing of the electrodes and no production of sludge or other compounds of silver. The second important thing that happens is that we put a strong electric charge on the silver ion as it leaves the anode. The strong field of several thousand volts per inch causes the ion to quickly leave the area next to the electrode where the silver ion density is so high as to cause rapid aggregation into unduly large particles. However some aggregation does take place. So we end up with positively charged particles that leave the anode as ions but quickly become particles of some number of atoms each. This is true also of the LVDC method, although the rate at which the ions move away from the anode is about 1,000 times faster for the HVAC method due to the higher voltage. In the HVAC method at some point the polarity switches and the particles are attracted back toward the electrode. However there are 3 effects that prevent the vast majority of particles from reaching the electrode, which now is the cathode. 1. Particle size. Ions can travel faster than the larger colloidal particles. Since they left the electrode as ions, then aggregated somewhat a distance from the electrode, the rate at which they moved away from the electrode is faster than the rate at which they return. 2. Charge. Each particle has a positive charge on it. Thus each particle reacts to a sum of the electric field provided by the voltage on the electrodes PLUS an additional force of dispersion from an area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration. This also results in a higher velocity of the particles away from the electrode, than toward it. 3. Convection. HVAC put significant amounts of energy in the water near the electrodes. This results in heating of this area, and strong convection currents which carry the particles away from the electrode toward cooler areas. The result is that a colloid can be produced that has no sludge, and has highly charged particles. Bless you, Marshall -- The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. To join or quit silver-list or silver-digest send an e-mail message to: [email protected] -or- [email protected] with the word subscribe or unsubscribe in the SUBJECT line. To post, address your message to: [email protected] Silver-list archive: http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/index.html List maintainer: Mike Devour <[email protected]>
