On 29/03/2010, at 8:58 PM, wbenn...@turing.une.edu.au wrote: > The hard drive of the PC is partitioned. > > When I boot up, eventually I receive:--- > > Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20 - 17 generic > Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20 - 17 generic (recovery mode) > Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20 - 16 generic > Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20 - 16 generic (recovery mode) > Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20 - 15 generic > Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20 - 15 generic (recovery mode) > > Ubuntu, memtest86+ > > Other operating systems: > Microsoft Windows XP Professional. > > The Ubuntu section is what's the matter. > > I assume the 16 and 15's are superceded kernels, ie., they can be removed. > > How is this done? I'd rather not wipe the operative kernel by mistake.
Hi William, Here's a sample run on one of my Ubuntu servers (some screen output trimmed): Get a list of what's installed: r...@node:~# dpkg -l 'linux-image*' ... ii linux-image-2.6.24-24-server ii linux-image-2.6.24-25-server ii linux-image-2.6.24-26-server ii linux-image-2.6.24-27-server ... Check the running kernel version: r...@node:~# uname -r 2.6.24-27-server Ok - so let's keep the running kernel (obviously) and the previous one, just in case. So that means we want to get rid of the -24 and -25 kernels. r...@node:~# apt-get remove linux-image-2.6.24-24-server linux-image-2.6.24-25-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: linux-image-2.6.24-24-server linux-image-2.6.24-25-server linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24-24-server linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24-25-server 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 0 not upgraded. After this operation, 219MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y (Reading database ... 98398 files and directories currently installed.) Removing linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24-24-server ... -->8-- snipped the actual removal and initrd regeneration steps (see below) Removing linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24-25-server ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-25-server Removing linux-image-2.6.24-25-server ... Running postrm hook script /sbin/update-grub. Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ... Found kernel: /vmlinuz-2.6.24-27-server Found kernel: /vmlinuz-2.6.24-26-server Found kernel: /memtest86+.bin Replacing config file /var/run/grub/menu.lst with new version Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done Now lets look at the grub view of the world: r...@node:~# cat /boot/grub/menu.lst | egrep '^title|^default' default 0 title Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS, kernel 2.6.24-27-server title Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS, kernel 2.6.24-27-server (recovery mode) title Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS, kernel 2.6.24-26-server title Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS, kernel 2.6.24-26-server (recovery mode) title Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS, memtest86+ Voila. Only the -27 (running) and -26 kernels are left with the -27 set as default (the 0th line) -- James
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