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A weekly newsletter dealing with codes and other technical issues
February 9, 2015
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Roofs Over a Balcony - NFPA 13R
"We have a building with a flat roof which protrudes (typically no more than 2
ft)
over just a small corner of the balcony. Is protection required for the balcony
per Section 6.6.5.1?"
We have reviewed the 2013 edition of NFPA 13R as the applicable standard. Our
informal
interpretation is that sprinkler protection is not required.
The requirement to protect balconies has been part of the International Building
Code (IBC) for several cycles. It was not until the 2013 edition that NFPA 13R
incorporated this requirement (see section 6.6.5.1). When it first appeared in
the IBC, it simply said to protect exterior balconies and ground floor patios.
AFSA submitted a proposal in an effort to define whether the top floor balcony
(or patios without a balcony above it) required protection. The result was the
added text: "Where a roof or deck is provided above....". In other words, if
the
area is not covered such that the heat will be captured, sprinklers are not
required.
The question occasionally comes up as to whether protection is required if any
portion of the balcony is covered. Answering that question starts with looking
at the definition from the IBC for roof deck. Section 202 states that its
purpose
is for enclosing the story below. It's obviously meant to predominately cover
the
area but it also says "or sheltering an area" indicating the entire floor area
may
not have to be covered. A more definitive statement is in the NFPA Automatic
Sprinkler
Systems for Residential Occupancies Handbook (on NFPA 13D & 13R). It states:
"This
section also is explicit in that if there is not a roof or deck above the
balcony
or porch, no protection is required; a balcony under an eave with a soffit or
fascia
board would not be mandated to have sprinklers added." This confirms that you
need
a horizontal structure over the balcony that is large enough to collect the
heat.
A small protrusion from the side of the building like an eave does not present
a large enough area to trigger protection. Although the eave is part of the
buildings
roof assembly, it is not considered a roof over the balcony. When only a small
portion or corner of the balcony is covered by such protrusions, it presents
even
less of a risk. Despite the fact that some of the heat from a fire directly
against
the exterior wall would be captured by a narrow protrusion like an eave, it is
not
the intent of NFPA 13R for that to trigger the requirement for sprinkler
protection.
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Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2015, American Fire Sprinkler Association. All Rights Reserved
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