With Struts 1.1 you can also write your own RequestProcessor and overwrite the desired processXYZ()-methods to perform checks like these before executing anything further (e.g. before showing the JSP, before populating a Form etc.).
I've successfully used processPreprocess() to check whether a session is still valid and/or a required SessionBean is available in Session-Scope, and redirect to the login-page if it's not. Ofcourse all of your JSPs must not be called directly, but rather via a corresponding forward of your Actions. See the JavaDoc http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/api/org/apache/struts/action/RequestProcessor.html Yann --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]