I guess that something similar to https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Lanes#Crossing_with_a_designated_lane_for_bicycles would fit.
For example for road that has: - tram-free lane - lane with tram tracks - lane with tram tracks in an opposite direction - tram-free lane in an opposite direction could be tagged tram:lanes:forward=designated|none tram:lanes:backward=designated|none
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