CULTURALQA 07-2021-21 Being compilationthere may be errors Respectedfriends, MostQA in this posting are on medical topics please
Q1 How do people eat so much in one mealwhile we have a stomach of 2-3 inches? A1 Ken Saladin Textbookauthor and professor emeritus Mon I don’t know where you got that “2–3 inches” idea, but it’s wildlywrong. Here is a typical human stomach. If you measure along the path marked bythe red x’s, from the end of the esophagus at the top to the start of the smallintestine at the bottom, that’s about 40 cm or 16 in. After a typical main meal ofthe day, the stomach holds about 1.0 to 1.5 liters of food. However, it can stretch a great deal and hold up to 4 liters in extreme cases, expanding so far itreaches almost to the pelvis. Q2 Why do mosquitoes bite some people morethan others, and what is the scientific reason behind this phenomenon? A2 Goodknight, India'slargest household insecticide brand.Updated Wed Some peopleoften complain of being a mosquito-magnet, where they feelmosquitoes bite them more than the others. If you’re one of them or know ofsomeone, the following reasons will shed light on why: Carbon dioxide:When our bodies are physically active, we release more CO2. Mosquitoescan detect their hosts basis high CO2 concentrations. Odour: What repelshumans, attracts mosquitoes. The odour released from our sweat plays anactive role in drawing them. Heat: The heatfrom our bodies is also another factor that makes it easier formosquitoes to find you. Blood Type:Research also states that people with blood group O are more desirableto mosquitoes. Nowthat you know some of the reasons, the next step is to stay protected. Have a bath after anyphysical activity, keep your homes clean, throw out standing water collected inflowers pots and clean them well. Also switch on Goodknight Gold Flash to getrid of all disease-causing mosquitoes at home, click here to buy now. Q3 Why is the medical symbol a snake on astick? A3 Answered byMichalis P.April4 While nowadayssnakes in general have a negative reputation, it’s fair to say that this hasnot always been the case. Throughout humanhistory, serpents have primarily been symbols of good: fertility for Egyptians,guardians for Buddhists and even gods for some Native American tribes andAfricans. The medical logo,better known as caduceus, has indeed two serpents on it and it was consideredto be the staff of the ancient Greek messenger God, Hermes. However, itsuse in medicine is incorrect; the caduceus was often associated with “trade,liars, thieves, eloquence, negotiation, alchemy, and wisdom.” The symbol becameprominent in the United States during the 19th-20th centuries due tomisunderstandings and confusion and to this day, doctors and healthcareorganizations still use it. Instead, the real symbol of healing is the Rod ofAsclepius, which has one, and not two snakes on the rod. Asclepius was an Ancient Greekgod related to healing and medicine. Snakesoccasionally shed their skin in order to allow it to further grow. This isessential because their skin doesn’t grow perpetually like it does inmost of the other animals. Additionally, it may help them get rid of parasites.This process of sheddingnever stops until a snake dies. Some peoples, like Ancient Greeks and Mesopotamians, saw a link betweensnakes and doctors: when snakes shed, they get rid of their old skin and anyparasites on it and replace it with a brand new layer that has been growingunderneath. In otherwords, they restore their body. In the same way, whena doctor cures a patient, the patient’s body is restored because it overcomesany disease it had. Thus, snakes became associated with renewal andrebirth. So, while the symbolization of healing through snakes is rational, thesymbol used for it is very often mistaken. Footnotes [1] Serpent (symbolism) – Wikipedia Q4 What are the most important topics ofembryology for first proff? A4 Sayan Misra MBBS fromMedical College and Hospital, Kolkata (Expected 2024) Distinction in AnatomyTue EMBRYOLOGY is a topicwhich definitely is interesting, but if we consider it from the exampoint of view, it's Not that important. Only rarely long questions may comefrom here (like it came in our year) & usually short notes come from hereor it is present as a part question in a long answer. But anyways, we need to study it. Here, I'll beproviding with all the important topics you have to study, remember& revise for Embryology for 1st Prof MBBS. Remember, as I've already told before in other answers also, Anatomy isall about diagrams. So, whichever topics you study, you've to practice thediagrams of that question too. Then only that topic will be complete. So, now let's start GENERAL EMBRYOLOGYLDetails not added HEAD-NECK EMBRYOLOGY THORAX EMBRYOLOGY: GIT EMBRYOLOGY: GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM: SPINA BIFIDA — Another Imp topic So, these are more orless all the important topics in entire EMBRYOLOGY (Gen + Systemic).Apart from these, please also see your university's previous 10–15 yrsquestion, if any different topic is outside this list or not. I've made itaccording to WBUHS. Even though there shouldn't be much differences, but still Q5 As adoctor, which medical specialty are you most glad and grateful you did notchoose to practice in? A5 Mehmet Erdem Alagüney Medical Doctor atOccupational MedicineUpdated December 7, 2018 When I was in medicalschool and especially during the internship, I always dreamed of being ageneral surgeon. I thought they were really cool, saving lives, not stuck inthe laboratory or examining the imaging work ups but touching the patient,‘cutting the illness with their knives’ to cure the human being. One day a juniorresident asked me what I was planningto specialize in. I said ‘general surgery’. He asked ‘why?’ I repliedthey're cool, wearing those fancy scrubs and surgical caps. The guy laughed andtold me “You'll wear yourcool surgical cap and change wound dresses at 6 am after a 5 hour surgery aftermidnight.” In that very moment Irealized what was going on. As a 24 year old young man I was only interested inthe outlook. But I did not see the hard work, devotion and dedication. Iexamined myself and saw that I was not able to do that. I was not that‘strong’. So I went onanother path: internal medicine and occupational medicine. I really love what I donow. And when I see a hardworking general surgeon who is dealing with hours ofsurgeries and endless nights of on-call duties, I look them with admiration andI thank God that I did not choose that specialty. Promotedby Goodknight Profile photo for Abraham Sukumar Q6 Howimportant is science and technology based on medical? A6 Abraham Sukumar In medical service in India for more than three decades July 9 The giant advances brought on in medicine by science andtechnology have occurred within the lifetimes of many ofus. The first antibiotic, penicillin, became available for civilian use in 1947just three years before I became a medical student. The silicon chip that isthe heart of the computer and so many of the imaging and other devices used inmedicine was discovered in 1952. An illustrative example from my experience of whatscience can do for the sick. In 1959 I was a medicalofficer in a village hospital near Krishnagiri, in South India. In the nearbysmall town called Pochampalli, there was a popular young doctor. One day hefelt unwell. Suddenly it struck him that he has not been passing urine for acouple of days. He rushed to the nearby town of Vellore where there was amissionary-run medical college and an attached modern hospital. The diagnosiswas renal shutdown. He was given the best treatment available but he passedaway within a month. Today his story would have been different. He would havebeen put on three times a week renal dialysis and as soon as a suitable donorwas available, he would have received a renal transplant. There would have beenno dent in his natural life span. The opening sentence in the chapter on Hodgkin’s diseasein Baily and Love textbook of surgery I used as an undergraduatewas, ‘the diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease is a sentence of death’. Now the curerate in early cases of the disease is 100%. Cancer breast early cases are regularly cured. A heartattack is not as life-threatening as it once was. The patentreceives a prick in the groin, and the cardiologist imaging the patient’s hearton the screen places as many stents as needed to open up and keep open hisheart’s arteries. The list of what a few years ago was not even dreamt but arenow commonplace is long. A brief look into two significant improvementswrought by science and two by technology will give one an idea of how medicinehas changed. Antibiotics are one of the important scientificdiscoveries of medicine. The material produced from one living thing killinganother is antibiosis, and the agents responsible are antibiotics. (One livingthing helping another is symbiosis. Symbiotics have yet to appear. It may inthe future.) In 1952 when I entered the wards after completinganatomy and physiology my colleagues and I noted a strange ward ritual everyday. An attendant from thepharmacy will come to the ward to deliver a bunch of vials and the assistantdoctor of the unit who would be eyeing for his arrival will receive the vialseagerly and with great reverence. It was the day’s supply of penicillinvials for the ward. Penicillin first used during the last years of World War IIwas available worldwide but was a scarce commodity. Then considered a miracledrug it received the respectful treatment it deserved. The discovery of antibiotics was not a scientificbreakthrough. Penicillin, as is well known, was anaccidental discovery made in 1928. Fleming, its discoverer, initially thoughtof it not as a miracle drug but as a useful substance in bacteriological labsto keep out unwanted bacteria from growing in cultures. Its use for treatingbacterial infection had to wait a dozen years and a world war. But thediscovery of other antibiotics was science through and through. Scientists immediately surmised that the fungus wasproducing an antibacterial substance to fight competition frombacteria in their natural environment. If one fungus could do that there shouldbe others too that are producing such substances. This proved to be true. Afrantic search was on and soon streptomycin came into use. Whereas penicillinwas effective mostly in Gram-positive bacteria streptomycin was effective onthe dreaded bacteria producing tuberculosis. Soon more antibiotics started appearing, many were newand some were existing ones that were scientificallymodified to expand their bacterial spectrum. Doctors thought that they wereseeing the end of bacterial diseases. One popular professor of ours declared inopen class that VD no longer meant venereal disease but vanishing disease. Thensomething strange happened. Bacteria fought back. They started developingresistance to antibiotics. Seventy years on and venereal diseases far fromdisappearing are flourishing. Science has its limitations. Insulin as a treatment for diabetes is one of the greatmedical discoveries. Banting’s isolation of insulin in 1922 was initself not science, but identifying lack of insulin as the cause of diabetesand tracing the origin of insulin to groups of cells in the pancreas was purescience. For long insulin had to be extracted from animals. Now we have analternate source. Surprisingly it is a bacterium that is at the centre of thismiracle. Scientists have altered the genome of the bacterium E coli to produceinsulin. This is genetic engineering, the highest and purest form of science.If insulin can be produced in labs in culture flasks, then large quantitieswill be available affordably for the millions of the world’s sufferers. This isnot to be. Insulin continues to be high priced. Corporations can easily hijackscience. Another limitation of science—human greed Many technological advances have improved medicine.Imaging our bodies is one of them. The first to appear wasX-ray in the closing years of the 19th century. It is holding its own despitethe appearance of newer imaging techniques. It is cheap and effective. Itsmodern offshoot the CT scan has wide applications but such is its effect onneurology and neurosurgery that both of these specialties, especiallyneurosurgery, have been reborn after the advent of CT scan. Ultrasound and MRIare the others. In our student days, we would hover around the operationtheatre when an abdominal case we had discussed was operatedon to find out whose preoperative diagnosis was the correct one. Thatexcitement is lost to the modern-day medical student, Thanks to the variousimaging techniques the abdomen cannot hold its secrets. Fibreoptics is another miracle application brought on bytechnology. Gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and bronchoscopy arewidely used, and laparoscopy has made scarless abdominal operations a commonreality. In our enthusiasm, we should not start believing thatscience and technology have changed medicine beyond recognition. Inmany fields, they have, in many others, they have not. Obstetrics andgynaecology, for example, are largely untouched by modernity and it is soberingwhen we realise that for all the advances in medicine Covid-19 cases aretreated today just as they would have been a hundred years ago. Q7 Why domosquitoes hide during the day? A7 Goodknight, India's largest householdinsecticide brand.Updated Wed Just like humans avoid harsh sunlight, so do mosquitoes.The heat during the daytime can cause dehydration in mosquitoes aswell. Therefore, they prefer resting in moist, dark, and shady places duringthe day. This is one of the reasons why you’ll find them more active in thenights. Even at home, you might be deceived into thinking thatmosquitoes aren’t present during the day simply because youcan’t see them. But they are sleeping in their ‘hiding spots’. Every place that is away from direct sunlight qualifiesas their hiding spots. Some of these spots include: Corners of the rooms, under tables, behind sofasand beds, behind curtains, inside cupboards and bookshelves, near watercontainers, etc. That’s why, it’s important to get rid of mosquitoesfrom these spots. We’d suggest you to try Goodknight Gold Flash. ItAUTOMATICALLY releases Flash Vapours every 4 hours that go to every corner ofthe room, driving away hidden mosquitoes Day or night keep your familyprotected always. All the above QAare based on special Quora digest to me on 21-7-2021. Quora answers need not be100% correct answers Compiler- R.Gopala Krishnan, 76 dated 21-07-2021 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to thatha_patty+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/889116974.270412.1626969345301%40mail.yahoo.com.
