Q and A 11 123 Q2 *How Ancient People and People Before the Time of Oil Wells Used Petroleum.*
Petroleum literally means "rock oil." It is the second most abundant liquid on Earth. The petroleum industry is first encountered in the archaeological record near Hit in what is now Iraq. Hit is on the banks of the Euphrates river and is the site of an oil seep known locally as The Fountains Of Pitch. There asphalt <http://www.dnr.louisiana.gov/assets/TAD/education/BGBB/2/ancient_use.html> was quarried for use as mortar between building stones as early as 6000 years ago. Asphalt was also used as a waterproofing agent for baths, pottery and boats (Purdy, 1957). The Babylonians caulked their ships with asphalt. In Mesopotamia around 4000 B.C., bitumen - a tarry crude - was used as caulking for ships, a setting for jewels and mosaics, and an adhesive to secure weapon handles. Egyptians used it for embalming, and the walls of Babylon and the famed pyramids were held together with it. Oil that had seeped to the surface would mostly evaporate and leave behind bitumen - the tarry component of the mixture of hydrocarbons from which it is composed. {KR so it cannot be any recent event but remained unknown as names given today; but that crude, named otherwise were used for many purposes 6000 years back} This has been used for thousands of years as a waterproofing agent, for plumbing, boat building and brick bonding. There is reference to bitumen being used as a coating for Moses' basket and Noah's Ark being 'pitched' inside and out with it. Natural deposits of asphalt occur in pits or lakes as residue from crude petroleum that has seeped up through fissures in the earth. In antiquity, bitumen was the Roman name for an asphalt used as a cement and mortar About 2000 years ago the Chinese used oil and natural gas for heat and light. Bamboo pipes carried gas into home. Ancient Persians, 10th century Sumatrans and pre-Columbian Indians all believed that crude oil had medicinal benefits. Marco Polo found it used in the Caspian Sea region to treat camels for mange, and the first oil exported from Venezuela (in 1539) was intended as a gout treatment for the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The American Indians collected oil for medicines. The American settlers found its presence in the water supplies a contamination, but they learned to collect it to use as fuel in their lamps Indians near Sacramento used asphaltum to waterproof their baskets and to glue fibers of a soap-root brush to form a handle with twine. Also, hard asphaltum was used to make blades for knives and arrowheads. Their counterparts on the coast in the Mattole Valley in Northern California also harvested the sticky, dark material that made baskets airtight, secured arrowheads to wooden shafts and for some was said to have served as medicine for colds, coughs, burns and cuts.8 Native Americans traded crude oil that they obtained from oil seeps in upstate New York among other places. The Seneca tribe traded oil for so long that all crude oil was referred to as 'Seneca Oil'. Seneca Oil was supposed to have great medicinal value. It sold for $20 per quart in a time when skilled workmen were paid pennies per hour. A petroleum technology text published in 1901 states that: "It is an undisputed fact at the present time that petroleum is an excellent remedy for diphtheria" (Purdy, 1957) The Senecas [also] used crude oil for body paint and for ceremonial fires. Until the late 19th century, an oil find often was met with disinterest or dismay. Pioneers who settled the American West dug wells to find water or brine, a source of salt; they were disappointed when they struck oil. Several historical factors changed that. The kerosene lamp, invented in 1854, ultimately created the first large-scale demand for petroleum. (Kerosene first was made from coal, but by the late 1880s most was derived from crude oil.) In 1859, at Titusville, Penn., Col. Edwin Drake drilled the first successful well through rock and produced crude oil. What some called "Drake's Folly" was the birth of the modern petroleum industry. He sold his "black gold" for $20 a barrel. But that's another story!!! {THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM DATA} kr irs 17123 ------------------------------ - Q2 A glass facade installation is quicker than building a masonry wall. The bulletin on High Performance Glass by IGBC <https://igbc.in/igbc/html_pdfs/technical/High%20Performance%20Glass.pdf> (Indian Green Building Council) includes the factors that need to be considered while choosing glass as a facade material. High Performing Glass reduces the ingress of heat, while ensuring maximum daylight is captured through the glazed surface. High Performance Glazing has a lower U-value (rate of heat flow due to conduction), lower SC (Shading Coefficient – the extent of solar heat gain compared to conventional glass) and high VLT (Visible Light Transmission), while blocking ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (heat) rays. Such glass can result in energy savings of up to 35-40 per cent. Architectural glass can also be treated in various other ways to enable it to combat heat, glare and security issues. - Double-glazing and triple-glazing can be applied to lower the U-value and SC of any glazed area. - Gases like argon and krypton can be added between the multiple glass panels to further lower the U-value. - Glass can be tinted grey or brown to lessen the ingress of heat and light. On the other hand, blue and green tints allow visible light through but block out heat to some extent. - Any glass surface can also be treated with a reflective coat (of a very thin layer of metal) to reduce the U-value, SC and VLT. - Often, glass panels are coated with an anti-shatter coat on either side to prevent breakages due to manual or natural impacts or stress. Proper installation minimises the odds of cracking or disintegration. And when In Hyderabad I saw lots of software companies during nights crowded inside by a lot of employees working happily; and that CEO told me that” we generate better work in the night because, against the humidity and hot weather, of the day, AC cools the interior during nights normally, which is enjoyable by the employees. And what about Timber buildings along the ECR roads? Is that better where white ants are aplenty? Q3 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTUTION HISTORY TRUTH: The Industrial Revolution was the transition from small cottage industries in which goods were primarily made by hand to new mass-produced goods in factories using steam and water power. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain around 1760 and many of the technological innovations were of British origin. Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history and almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. There are several important reasons why it began in Great Britain. One of the most important reasons the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain was that many of the most important inventions and innovations that powered the revolution were developed there. Initial developments occurred in the cotton industry with the development of the spinning jenny, water frame, and spinning mule. The spinning jenny was invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, England. The device reduced the amount of work needed to produce cloth, with a worker able to work 8 or more spools at once. Richard Arkwright invented the water-powered water frame, which produced yarn harder and stronger than that of the initial spinning jenny. Samuel Crompton combined the spinning jenny and water frame to create the spinning mule, a machine that revolutionized the industry worldwide. The mule was the most common spinning machine from 1790 until about 1900 and was still used for fine yarns until the early 1980s. James Watt developed perhaps the most important invention of the era with his steam engine. He improved on Thomas Newcomen’s 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776. This engine was more efficient and more powerful and was soon developed further to power machines in factories as well as steamships at sea and locomotives on rails. Soon, other industries benefited from industrialization. Other innovations included new steel making processes by Henry Bessemer, mass-production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, and other advanced machinery in steam-powered factories England had been an agricultural nation for centuries. Crop rotation techniques had improved over that period allowing soil to remain more fertile and growing outputs increased. Farmers also experimented with livestock breeding by allowing only their largest animals to breed. This resulted in larger, healthier cattle and lamb. In the 1700’s, wealthy landowners bought up smaller farms and enclosed their larger lands with fences. This enclosure movement led to more productive farming and greater crop yields but also displaced many small farmers. Often, these men and women moved to cities to work in the new factories. Another major reason why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain was that it had an abundant supply of what economists call the three factors of production. These factors of production are land, labor, and capital. These describe the inputs used in the production of goods or services in order to make an economic profit. Land in this economic sense means not just usable open land for industry to build on. It also means the natural resources that were needed for industrialization. Coal was needed in vast quantities for the Industrial Revolution to fuel steam engines and furnaces. Iron ore was necessary for machines, buildings, and bridges. England had an abundance of both as well has rivers for inland transportation. Labor represents a large workforce for the industries. With a booming population from higher food production and the enclosure movement pushing people to cities, England’s industries had more than enough workers. Finally, capitol is the money needed to fund industry. Great Britain's well-developed banking system allowed for loans to invest in industries to help them succeed. HOWEVER THE MINUS POIHNTS WERE, THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE LABOR AND THEIR FAMILY BECAME WORSST; HEALTH DETERIORETED; IJNCOME WAS REDUCED; RICH PEOPLE BECAME RUICHER; UNCLEANLINESS INCREASED; DIVISIONS AMONG PEOPLE LED TO CREATE PEOPLE PARTY. Q4 Only the intestine and not other parts alive24 by 7?. 2 is imaginary; kissing can happen in many positions. 3 Dreams in memory. Almost by definition, a dream is something you are aware of at some level. It may be fragmentary, disconnected, and illogical, but if you aren’t aware of it during sleep then it isn’t a dream. Many people will protest, “I never remember my dreams!” but that is a different matter entirely. Failing to remember a dream later on when you’re awake doesn’t mean you weren’t aware of it when it occurred. It just means the experience was never really carved into your memory, has decayed in storage, or isn’t accessible for easy call back. 4 Breathing is something that we all do without usually realizing it. We breathe in and out about 22,000 times a day. (One lakh? beats are different from breathing; beats are 80,000 to 140000 a day). We are powered by breathing. Our lungs fuel us with oxygen, our body's life-sustaining gas. Our lungs breathe in air, then remove the oxygen and pass it through our bloodstream, where it's carried off to the tissues and organs that allow us to walk, talk, and move. Our lungs also take carbon dioxide from our blood and released it into the air when we breathe out. Our brain controls how fast our lungs draw in air. When we exercise or play, our brain tells our lungs to work faster. When we’re sleeping or at rest, our lungs slow down. Our breathing and our lungs are precious. We need to protect them. The four-chambered heart *provides an efficient solution by keeping oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood separate*. The supply of oxygen to the body can also be improved by increasing how often the heart contracts. ( as cow has) 5 Bald head has to; but heat vis top causes evaporation which in turn cools the brain. Water intake balances these functions; we have uttarium only to wear as a turban too in hot summer. No hat is required as the head will sweat which will cause other problems. Helmet is a problem as well as a protector. 6 Bla bla 11 It is COGNITIVE ABILITY. That too tests conducted by the psychologists. Many Rishis wrote greater verses only after that 40+. So, meditation and Gayathri keeps the cognizance alive. 13 Visibility in fog is 10 miles. That too while driving. With good eyes. 14 Rarely hearts are seen to the right also. 15 Your genes are inside almost every cell in your body. Each gene contains instructions that tell your cells to make proteins. Proteins perform all sorts of different tasks in your cells such as *making eye pigments, powering muscles, and attacking invading bacteria*. Genes do more than just determine the color of our eyes or whether we are tall or short. Genes are at the center of everything that makes us human. Genes are responsible for producing the proteins that run everything in our bodies. Some proteins are visible, such as the ones that compose our hair and skin. Others work out of sight, coordinating our basic biological functions. vFor the most part, every cell in our body contains exactly the same genes, but inside individual cells some genes are active while others are not. When genes are active, they are capable of producing proteins. This process is called gene expression. When genes are inactive, they are silent or inaccessible for protein production. At least a third of the approximately 20,000 different genes that make up the human genome are active (expressed) primarily in the brain. This is the highest proportion of genes expressed in any part of the body. THAT MEANS GENES DO NOT MAKE THE BRAIN; THE HIGH COMMAND USES THE 331/3 % OF GENES ASSISTANCE TO FUNCTION. Q5 Birth of different kinds of children is not Y or X of parent DNA alone; we inherit 7 generations of DNA samples in us. And even the unknown 6 th great great grandfather can throw his ability in the birth of our child. We name it Karma. Karma is ours. Karma of us is that of the past karmas endured by that soul in different bodies now generating the reactions against the past actions. Younger generations of even yesterday did not believe in the date and time fixed for the shanthi Muhurtham. Irregular timed intercourse begets illogical children only. And impervious attitudes and thought at that time changes the constitution of the futurity. Kapila disowned the evening call of his wife Tithi warning the would-be children KR IRS 17123 On Mon, 16 Jan 2023 at 20:19, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 01-2023-11* > > *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS* > > Q1 When was crude oil discovered, and how was it used for the > first time? > > A1 Jay Bazzinotti, Consider my new novel, "Calf Pasture Pumping > Station" Updated 6mo > > The father of American oil discovery and development was *Samuel Keir who > is considered the “Father of the Petroleum Industry in the US” in 1846.* > > He discovered oil leaking into his salt mines and hated it. First he > tried to pump it into a canal to make it “go away” but the damn stuff was > pretty powerful and impregnable. > > *He hired Chemist Robert Cheeseboro and the first thing they tried to make > with it was a “patent medicine” which they mixed with alcohol and tried to > sell as a cure-all*. That didn’t work, but Cheeseboro used it next as > what he called “Vaseline” as a balm for cow udders and skin and it sold > remarkably well. > > *Then, utilizing the techniques of Abraham Geslar, a Canadian who first > showed the distillation of oil into Kerosene in 1846 and coined the word > “kerosene”,* he did the same thing. He discovered a cheap replacement for > whale oil for lighting. After that, oil was discovered by Edwin Drake in > 1859. He was also looking for a cheap replacement for whale oil as a > lighting source. > > However, it was the invention of the hurricane lantern in Poland by Ignaz > Lukasiewicz in 1859 that made using kerosene practical since, unlike whale > oil, kerosene burns with a lot of smoke and stink if not regulated properly. > > > Lukasiewisc developed a manually regulating lamp that made lighting > practical without so much smoke and reduced the stink, but truth be known, > almost every place that used kerosene was filled with the stink of burning > oil. However, the possibility of cheap, reliable and safe lighting made the > product desirable. > > Around this time, people were experimenting with the internal combustion > engine but first tried to use coal dust, expensively refined, as the fuel. > Later, other petroleum by-products such as ligroin, an industrial solvent, > were used. At the time, gasoline, also discovered by Drake was seen as a > waste by-product and burned in giant pits. However, someone discovered the > process of “dry cleaning” with gasoline and it was used extensively in > laundromats primarily by Chinese workers who had been oppressed to the > point where they opened gasoline dry cleaning establishments that blew up > frequently. > > *The British used gasoline as a cleaning agent until the end of WW2*. A > large proportion of British fuel was used primarily to wash uniforms. > Eventually, the properties and large available quantities of gasoline were > discovered to be ideal of internal combustion engines. The first > carbeurators were invented in 1826 by American Samuel Morey but they were > not practical. Benz, Maybach and Daimler invented the practical atomizing > carbeurator used on cars in 1888 making automobiles a fait accompli. The > magneto was invented by Faraday in 1831 and produced the spark required to > start the engine by turning a crank. Once the engine started, it was > self-sustaining. Cars had cranks until Cadillac invented the electric > starter in 1912 and long afterwards because they were cheap and worked. > > The cracking of large quantities of oil into gasoline was developed by > Standard Oil in 1913 and made cars practical for the first time, because > up until then, gas was scarce and expensive, running about 25 dollars a > gallon. After the invention of cracking, gasoline fell to about 1.50 a > gallon in the early 1920s which sparked an enormous demand for automobiles. > > Q2 What is it that we as Indians are collectively doing wrong? > > A2 Mohammed Rizwan, keen observer Updated 6y > > *Building Full Glass Multi-Storeys* > > The glass building is best suited for countries having cold > climate.Because it serves one important purpose.And that is:*Keeping the > building hotter than outside.* > > The sun rays (that are scant in these countries) after entering the > building gets trapped and is reflected back and forth, and thus helps make > the building hotter than outside. > > It also reduces their dependency on electronic sources of temperature > controllers. So that, people be at ease in the building. > > In a country like India, where it remains mostly HOT, we go on mimicking > this architectural style without any thought. > > In India, the buildings generally traps more heat and become burning HOT. > > Now, to bring the temperature of the building lesser than outside, we > operate huge ACs. > > These ACs consume enormous amount of electricity in a country where a > significant section of population has negligible access to this scarce > resource. *Even in the capital city, 24 hours electricity is still a > dream.* > > And why all this is happening, because we can’t use common sense when > designing buildings, or because of our obsession with the west. > > Instead, the buildings in India should be made mostly of clay bricks, > which helps reduce the temperature of the building by absorbing heat and > thus reduces our dependency on electricity to cool our buildings. > > Edit 1: > > First thing first : Thanks folks for upvotes > > Now the other bit,It has been great reading comments on this answer. > > Few people have rightly pointed out that there are reflective glasses > available nowadays that minimize amount of heat absorbed. Moreover, > "Skyscrapers" can't withstand load of clay bricks, so Glass is the most > suitable item for them. > > Thank you guys for improving my understanding. > > There are few others as well who have sided with my piece. > > *What I have concluded is that if reflective glasses are used, indeed > that's great*. But in case other kind of glass is used then it Is a > problem. And Skyscrapers are exempted. > > Q3 Why did the Industrial Revolution start with the spinning > jenny and other textile machines? Was there a huge demand for clothing? > > A3 Matt Riggsby, MA Archaeological Studies, Boston University > Jan 6 > > *What it started with was water pumps. Getting water out of mines was a > problem* going back to the classical era; there’s evidence of the Romans > using a series of wheels to get water out of the mines at Rio Tinto in > Spain. The first steam engines were devices to pump water out of mines. > Because of local water tables, there was a limit to how deep one could > mine, and rains would flood mines further, limiting work. Industrial pumps > allowed mines to be operated more consistently and dug deeper. > > *That said, textile production was the next major target for > industrialization*. That’s because making fabric was expensive. It was > labor intensive and produced fabric slowly, keeping supplies low and prices > high, but it was also, from an engineering point of view, a fairly > straightforward process*. The invention of industrial spinning machines, > looms, and so on slashed the cost of producing fabric, making it much more > affordable*. There was also “prior art” to take advantage of. In the run > up to the adoption of coal-fired engines, there was an increasing use of > water power across a variety of industries, and textiles, again, were well > suited to industrialization, so there were already designs for powered > looms which could easily be adapted to the new power source. > > Q4 What are some mind-blowing amazing facts about the human body? > > A4 Juan Medechi, Dental Hygienist (2021–present)10mo > > Here are some amazing facts about the human body maybe you know it or not > so… Check it out!! > > *1. Your intestines are almost always on the go, squirming like worms.* > > 2. Around 70% of people tilt their heads to the right rather than the left > when kissing somebody else. > > 3. Can’t remember your dream from last night? That’s perfectly normal > since most people will forget 90% of their dreams. > > 4. Your heart can beat up to 100,000 times daily. > > Assuming there's one muscle that never gets drained, it is your heart. > This human organ is answerable for siphoning blood through veins and > corridors. It can beat around 100,000 times each day, contingent upon the > beats each moment. Meaning, it can send 2,000 gallons of blood through your > body. > > 5. Make sure you wear a hat this winter – a total of 80% of your body > heat is lost through your head, so it’s time to invest in a good woolly > beanie. > > 6. It’s not just your cheeks that turn red and expose your embarrassment > when you’re blushing. Your stomach also turns red, but not many people > will notice this. > > 7. Every 3-4 seconds, around 50,000 cells in your body will die and be > replaced by new ones. > > *8. Just a single kidney is important to live.* > > Your kidneys are liable for disposing of side effects from the blood. > Imagine a scenario in which you lose one. Sit back and relax, even just a > single kidney can keep you living. > > *My note- A person while developing Kidney* problems, simultaneously both > kidneys are affected as told by my doctor. Hence one kidney got on > donation, is stitched over one of the damaged kidneys. Why the old kidney > is not removed is not clear to me*. Perhaps if kidney rejection occurs, > the old kidney may help him to survive a few more years. * > > 9. Your brain uses around 20% of the total oxygen and blood in your body. > > 10. One million billion pieces of information can be stored by the brain. *Now > there’s no excuse not to get top marks on your exams!* > > 11. Your brain is at its peak when you’re in your late 40’s. If you > haven’t reached that point yet, don’t worry because you’ve got time to get > even smarter. > > 12. A fever with a temperature of more than 107.5 degrees Fahrenheit is > enough to damage your brain significantly and cause death if you don’t > seek medical attention. > > 13. Your eyes can identify light more than 1.7 miles away. > > Is it safe to say that you are interested in how far your eyes can see a > candle fire? The fact of the matter is your eyes are extremely strong that > they can distinguish light fire more than 1.7 miles away. It seems like you > have a godlike vision, correct? > > 14. Contrary to popular belief, the heart is in the middle of your chest, > between the right and left lungs. However, it tilts slightly to the left, > creating the illusion it is on the left side. > > 15. Your brain is developed and created using 50% of your genes. The other > 50% of your genes are used for the rest of your body. > > Q5 What is the secrets of life- Jahangir's addiction to alcohol, > Jahangir used to drink 20 pegs of alcohol throughout the day, used to hold > court in the bathroom, used to eat food at midnight, > > A5 The Secret Of Life And The Dream World Of Life Jan 11 > > Mughal Emperor Jahangir was the eldest son of Akbar. His reign lasted > from 1605 to 1627. However, it is believed that between 1611 and 1627, > Jahangir did not rule independently because Jahangir's wife Nur Jahan had > influence on the tenure during this period. Jahangir and Nur Jahan were > married in the year 1611. Nur Jahan was the 20th and last wife of > Jahangir. > > *Jahangir was often absent from court proceedings due to intoxication*. > This proved to be an opportunity for Nur Jahan. > > Jahangir was addicted to alcohol and opium > > The Mughal emperor Jahangir was addicted to alcohol and opium. Jahangir > himself has told in his autobiography 'Tuzuke-Jahangiri' that *there was > a time in his life when he used to drink 20 cups of wine a day*. He used > to drink 14 cups during the day and 6 cups at night. The ice that Jahangir > used to add to the liquor was brought from Kashmir. Refrigerators were not > invented then and snow fell only on the mountains. > > *Jahangir later started drinking 6 cups a day to reduce his alcohol > addiction but opium addiction remained*. By 1622, he had developed asthma > due to opium. *Jahangir died of asthma on 28 October 1627 at the age of > 58.* Jahangir's two brothers died due to alcohol addiction. > > *Discussions* Used to do it in the bathroom. Actually this tradition was > started by Sher Shah Suri. Sher Shah Suri is known for defeating and > driving out the second Mughal emperor Humayun from North India. Sher Shah > Suri's hair was very curly. That's why it took time to dry his hair. Then > Sher Shah Suri started the tradition of holding court in the bathroom > itself. > > My note- How Akbar got a son with such qualities? Here only I mentioned > mutations of genes. I am not making a Pandora’s Box. I leave the topic here. > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 16-01- 2023.* > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .* > > *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 17-01-2023* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/843893161.1500685.1673929168205%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/843893161.1500685.1673929168205%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoo6k%3DgbPCM-i6Ezgup7nUPsC8LECFUdoLuTiD5hXU152g%40mail.gmail.com.
