I do feel that the answers are just a laundry list,without the basic explanation.Next what is the place of consciousness,the central subject matter of Quantum Physics? YM
On Mon, Jun 17, 2024 at 6:10 AM Yeddanapudi Markandeyulu < yeddanapu...@gmail.com> wrote: > Let's address your confusion more directly and clarify the roles and > importance of different particles and forces in the universe. > > ### Independent Existence of Fundamental Particles > > 1. **Protons and Electrons**: > - **Protons** are made of three quarks (two up quarks and one down > quark) and are positively charged. > - **Electrons** are fundamental particles (leptons) with a negative > charge and are not made of quarks. > > 2. **Neutrons**: > - **Neutrons** are also made of three quarks (one up quark and two down > quarks) and have no charge. They are as fundamental to the structure of > matter as protons because they make up the nuclei of atoms together with > protons. > > 3. **Quarks**: > - Quarks combine to form protons and neutrons. They are fundamental > particles that interact via the strong force, mediated by gluons. There are > six types (flavors) of quarks, but only up and down quarks are found in > ordinary matter. > > 4. **Leptons**: > - Electrons are a type of lepton. Other leptons include muons, tau > particles, and their corresponding neutrinos. Leptons are fundamental > particles that do not experience the strong force. > > 5. **Neutrinos**: > - Neutrinos are very light, neutral particles that rarely interact with > matter. They play crucial roles in processes like nuclear reactions (e.g., > in the sun), supernovae, and other cosmic events. > > ### Forces and Their Manifestations > > 1. **Electromagnetic Force**: > - Mediated by photons, it affects charged particles like protons and > electrons. It is responsible for the electromagnetic spectrum (light, radio > waves, etc.). > > 2. **Strong Force**: > - This force holds quarks together in protons and neutrons and keeps > the atomic nucleus intact. It is mediated by gluons and is much stronger > than the electromagnetic force but acts over a very short range. > > 3. **Weak Force**: > - Responsible for processes like beta decay in radioactive materials. > It is mediated by W and Z bosons and plays a role in the fusion reactions > that power the sun. > > 4. **Gravity**: > - Though not part of the Standard Model, it affects all particles with > mass. It is the weakest of the four fundamental forces but acts over > infinite distances. > > ### Role of Neutrinos > > Neutrinos are produced in a variety of nuclear reactions, including those > in the sun, nuclear reactors, and during supernovae. Their basic functions > include: > - **Energy Transport**: In the sun, neutrinos carry away energy from > nuclear fusion reactions. > - **Cosmic Messengers**: Because they interact weakly with matter, > neutrinos can travel vast distances without being absorbed, providing > information about distant cosmic events. > - **Particle Physics**: Neutrino interactions help scientists study the > weak force and the properties of neutrinos themselves, which are still not > fully understood (e.g., their exact masses and how they oscillate between > different types). > > ### Scalar Waves > > The concept of scalar waves is not widely accepted in mainstream physics. > Scalar waves are hypothetical waves that are said to be different from > electromagnetic waves. They are proposed in various fringe theories and are > not supported by empirical evidence or established scientific principles. > > ### Conclusion > > While protons and electrons are crucial components of atoms, the other > particles and forces mentioned (neutrons, quarks, leptons, neutrinos, > electromagnetic, strong, weak, and gravitational forces) play essential > roles in the fundamental structure and interactions of matter in the > universe. They are not merely manifestations but are integral parts of the > Standard Model of particle physics, which describes how the universe > operates at the most basic level. > > ### Further Reading > > - [The Particle Adventure: Fundamental Particles and Interactions]( > http://www.particleadventure.org/) > - [CERN: The Standard Model]( > https://home.cern/science/physics/standard-model) > - [Fermilab: All About Neutrinos](https://neutrinos.fnal.gov/) > > These resources will provide a deeper understanding of how these particles > and forces are fundamental to the universe's structure and behavior. > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "societyforservingseniors" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to society4servingseniors+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. > To view this discussion on the web, visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/society4servingseniors/CAPYPc14%2BOEbAkkvu5POx93quTnRerdQEu%2BS%2BVe1SxmT0CpP_sg%40mail.gmail.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/society4servingseniors/CAPYPc14%2BOEbAkkvu5POx93quTnRerdQEu%2BS%2BVe1SxmT0CpP_sg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- *Mar* -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. 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