Welcome K. Rajaram On Fri, Jul 26, 2024, 10:20 PM Markendeya Yeddanapudi < markandeya101...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Rajaram Sir, > I congratulate myself for triggering your vast insight,in this field as is > the case with you in almost every field.Those who read your wonderful > response certainly become more knowledgeable and they certainly think. > > On Sat, Jul 27, 2024 at 7:47 AM Rajaram Krishnamurthy < > keyarinc...@gmail.com> wrote: > >> Mindless Wonders: Animals without Brains >> >> The brain is the epicentre of our body; it’s where all the action happens >> and, without it, we’d fail to function. Not only does your brain tell your >> body when to move, talk, or sleep, it also controls systems without you >> even thinking about it, such as your heart. With this in mind, it’s hard to >> believe that there are lots of animals out there that don’t even have a >> brain! How do they survive, and how do their bodies function? Let’s dive >> into the amazing world of these mindless wonders! >> >> How do Brainless Animals Function? >> >> It’s hard for you and I to comprehend how any living creature could >> survive without a brain; that’s your brain working overtime right there! >> But let’s dial it down and think about how many animals exist without one. >> >> 1 anywhere near the same as ours. They have what is known as a ring >> nervous system as opposed to a central nervous system. This is made up from >> nets of nerves around which the neurons can send signals to the muscles and >> other parts of the animal. But because this nervous system is not as >> complex as ours, its function is limited to things like eating, swimming, >> and reproducing. Animals that don’t have a brain are much less likely to be >> able to make decisions, be self-aware, or have any other complex cognitive >> processes. That said, it is thought that some species of jelly, like the >> box jellyfish, are capable of navigation. It’s incredible to think that >> some creatures have been on earth for millions of years and survived >> without seemingly, the most important organ in the body. I’d love to share >> some information on some of these fascinating creatures and how they get >> through life with a much simpler physiology than our own. >> >> 2 Jellyfish have no brain, nor do they have a heart, blood, or bones >> >> Jellyfish are probably the first animals you think of when asked to come >> up with a creature that doesn’t have a brain. They might appear to float >> lifelessly around the ocean, getting in the way and stinging when you’re >> trying to swim, but they’re slightly more complex than we think. It’s true >> that they have no brain, nor do they have a heart, blood, or bones. So what >> do they have exactly? Jellies have two nervous systems; a large net of >> nerves designed to aid in things like swimming and a smaller net of nerves >> that they use for everything else. This includes their responses to threats >> when they’ll curl up into a ball and their eating. The large system is made >> up from rhopalia which are attached to the jellyfish’s bell and function in >> a very similar manner to our inner ear, letting the jellyfish navigate its >> surroundings by understanding up and down. They also allow them to sense >> chemicals and light. But what I find most interesting about jellies is that >> they’re the first animal without a brain known to sleep. They even have >> their own circadian rhythm! But their sleep isn’t the same as ours >> although they’ve been observed to be in a sleep-like state which usually >> happens at night. What’s more, they’ve been shown to be less responsive >> when in this state. >> >> 3 Sea Cucumbers >> >> In addition to having no brain, sea cucumbers have no sensory organs such >> as ears, eyes, tongues, etc Sea cucumbers live on the ocean floor and are >> found all over the world in all types of water. They’re incredibly >> primitive creatures, and one thing that demonstrates this is their lack of >> a brain. Around the mouth of a sea cucumber is a ring of neural tissue >> which is thought to control signals, via nerves, to the pharynx and the >> tentacles. But what’s interesting is that, when this ring is removed, the >> sea cucumber’s movement and function appear to be uninhibited. In addition >> to having no brain, these marine animals have no sensory organs such as >> ears, eyes, tongues, etc. While there are a few exceptions to this, it >> would seem that the sea cucumber manages perfectly well without them. That >> system of nerves and neurons I talked about before is what these simplistic >> creatures use to navigate the world around them. >> >> 4 Sea Stars >> >> Sea stars have no brains but they have a ring of nerves around their >> mouths as well as one radial nerve which runs along each arm. Have you ever >> wondered why Patrick Star from the popular cartoon, Spongebob Squarepants, >> is so, well…dumb? It’s because the creators are trying to portray the fact >> that sea stars, or starfish as they’re commonly called, don’t have brains. >> Despite struggling to concentrate and often seen drooling, Patrick seems to >> get on just fine. But what about his real-life counterparts? Sea stars >> are found in oceans around the world and there are more than 1800 species. >> Just like the sea cucumbers that I talked about in the last section, sea >> stars have a ring of nerves around their mouths as well as one radial nerve >> which runs along each arm. The ring around the mouth is responsible for >> helping the starfish sense things, as well as with navigation and >> coordination. With that in mind, it’s worth noting that, while they can >> navigate, sea stars are incapable of preplanning their movements. This is >> complemented by a peripheral nervous system and this is connected to the >> complex nervous system via the skin. What’s interesting about sense in sea >> stars is that each arm can detect things independently. For example, if one >> limb ‘smells’ the scent of food, it will override the rest of the nervous >> system and become responsible for the movement of the whole animal for the >> time being. However, when it comes to movement, it’s not all to do with the >> brain. Sea stars have lots of tiny feet on the underside of their body, and >> scientists believe that movement has just as much to do with mechanics. For >> example, when one foot pushes against the seafloor, this pressure is felt >> by the others that all follow suit. >> >> 5 Sea Anemones >> >> The sea anemone does not have any sensory organs but instead benefits >> from sensory cells such as chemoreceptors. The sea anemone is a type of >> marine invertebrate and, for all intents and purposes, it’s thought of as >> more of a decorative creature than something functional. While these >> animals do lack a brain, they still have a nervous system. However, it’s >> incredibly primitive. Located in the gastrodermis and the epidermis are two >> nerve nets that are connected at the pharynx and other locations around the >> sea anemone’s body. Since these animals do not have the complex muscles of >> other, more developed creatures, they cannot move in the same way. That >> said, there are fibers that, when stimulated, can contract the body of the >> sea anemone, allowing it to bring its tentacles in. The sea anemone does >> not have any sensory organs but instead benefits from sensory cells such as >> chemoreceptors. Despite being one of the most primitive types of creatures >> in terms of its nervous system, the sea anemone is actually proving to be >> very beneficial to humans. That’s because it’s been used to look back at >> how the heads of more developed animals evolved. Despite being >> significantly different, it’s thought that there are similarities in the >> genes of animals like a fully developed head and those of the sea anemone. >> >> >> >> What’s more, since these creatures are known to be able to regenerate >> their nerve cells, scientists are hoping that they could provide us with >> clues on how to regrow human brain tissue. Just imagine what this could >> mean for the treatment of neurological diseases! >> >> 6 Sponges >> >> Sea sponges are brainless animals >> >> I’ll go back to my Sponge bob reference from earlier; while poor old >> Patrick is given the dunce hat, the main man Sponge bob seems to be the >> image of intelligence. However, if he were a real person (or sponge), he >> probably wouldn’t be able to work in a greasy spoon or take boating >> lessons. That’s because sea sponges are also brainless animals and, unlike >> many of the other creatures I have discussed here, sponges don’t even have >> a nervous system! But that doesn’t mean that they aren’t capable of >> surviving. In fact, they’re pretty good at sensing what’s going on around >> them and even responding to it. It’s known that if you touch a sea sponge, >> it will contract in response, and one scientist even caught a sponge >> sneezing; gesundheit! It’s thought that these types of responses are due to >> cilia; structures that allow the animal to sense. It’s thought that sea >> sponges have been on earth for more than 600 million years, and they don’t >> seem to have evolved much in that time, having no organs, no circulation; >> no nothing! However, they could provide clues as to how complex brains >> evolved. They do have 18 different types of cells, and it’s believed that >> creatures like sponges were the building blocks for the evolution of >> nervous systems as we know them today. >> >> 7 Sea Squirts >> >> Sea squirts are of the world’s most primitive animals and it doesn’t have >> a brain The sea squirt; that’s a cute name, right? Well, it’s certainly >> fitting for such a small creature that kind of looks like a tadpole with >> one eye, a tail, and a spinal cord. It’s another of the world’s most >> primitive animals and of course, it doesn’t have a brain. But it’s not >> because they weren’t born with a brain; it’s because sea squirts eat their >> own brains after reproducing! These creatures, after entering their >> tadpole-like stage, will bury themselves head down into the seafloor. Their >> gonads, which contain both eggs and sperm, point upwards and squirt out >> cells in order to reproduce; it’s not hard to see where the creature got >> its name. After this, it’s stuck in this inverted position forever, and >> as chemicals and metals enter the gonads, rendering the animal lifeless. >> It’s at this point that it feasts on its own brain as a final source of >> energy. At this point, the nervous system degrades entirely and the >> creature wafts in the ocean current. >> >> 8 Coral >> >> While coral don’t have brains, they do have nerve nets >> >> It isn’t hard to imagine that coral is brainless. After all, it’s a >> seemingly inanimate animal that some people even confuse for a plant (it’s >> not because it doesn’t produce its own food via photosynthesis.) But while >> these marine creatures don’t have brains, they do have nerve nets, just >> like a lot of the animals I have already talked about. Corals, and there >> are more than six thousand species, have nerve nets that stretch from the >> mouth to the tentacles. While they don’t actually have any sensory organs, >> they’re still capable of sensing the world around them thanks to >> chemoreceptors. One of the main benefits of this is that it helps the coral >> to detect prey. What’s more, the nerve endings within the nerve net allow >> the coral polyps to experience the world around them. This isn’t in the >> same way as you and I, for example, coral cannot feel pain. On top of this, >> since the nerve net is not a complex system, coral will respond to physical >> touch with the same motor responses as other creatures with a similar >> physiology. >> >> 9 Bivalves (Mussels, Clams etc) >> >> Instead of a brain acting as the control center, bivalves have a nerve >> network and three pairs of ganglia which are connected by one nerve cord >> Animals like oysters, clams, and mussels have a unique nervous system >> that’s vastly different to our own. Instead of a brain acting as the >> control center, these simplistic creatures have a nerve network and three >> pairs of ganglia which are connected by one nerve cord. Amazingly, >> while their nervous systems are not very developed, a single clam is >> thought to possess around 6000 neurons. The three pairs of ganglia are >> responsible for controlling different parts of the animal. For example, the >> cerebral ganglia control the bivalve’s senses while the pedal ganglia are >> in control of the foot. The final pair is the visceral ganglia which are >> responsible for swimming. While bivalves certainly aren’t capable of >> complex cognitive functions, there has been evidence to suggest that their >> nervous systems can respond to hormonal stimuli such as the release of >> serotonin and dopamine. >> >> 10 Sea Urchins >> >> Sea urchins lack a brain >> >> Our final mindless creature is the humble sea urchin. A delicacy in many >> places around the world, these spiny creatures are a part of a family >> containing around 950 species. But what they all have in common is the lack >> of a brain. That doesn’t mean to say that they can’t survive though and >> that’s thanks to a neural ring around the mouth which is the center of its >> nervous system. From here, there are five radial nerves that connect to a >> series of smaller nerves around the body of the sea urchin. Amazingly, sea >> urchins are able to sense the world around them thanks to sensory cells in >> the feet, mouth, and spines. They’re incredibly sensitive to light and >> touch but what’s really interesting is that, despite the lack of eyes as we >> know them, sea urchins’ entire bodies are thought to function as a compound >> eye. It’s also been noted that they have photoreceptor cells in their feet >> that further allow them to ‘see’ and navigate. >> >> 11 We would be like those without any life of a purpose >> >> K Rajaram IRS 26724 277724 >> >> On Fri, 26 Jul 2024 at 20:31, Markendeya Yeddanapudi < >> markandeya101...@gmail.com> wrote: >> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> *Mar*What Would Have Been? >>> >>> >>> >>> Suppose the human did not develop Brain at all. Suppose no organism >>> developed any Brain. Then every organism would have been communicating and >>> interacting on the basis of smelling, sensing and perceiving. Every >>> organism must smell and sense every other organism, creating the macro >>> life. The Biosphere would be one single organism. The fear of unwanted >>> events cannot happen to single and lonely organisms. All feelings will be >>> the feelings of the Biosphere as a whole. The internal hormonal >>> communications of all organisms fuse. >>> >>> Births and deaths can happen without fear or worry. In fact even now, >>> fear is experienced before the event, as expectation or after the unwanted >>> event as memory, but not when the unwanted event is actually happening. >>> Even now if nature is allowed freedom, with lush, thick and healthy >>> organisms prospering happily, the macro rapture will be so dominating that >>> it will not allow worry and fear. The basic fact that all of us, which >>> includes all life forms, are one organism, and each organism is a component >>> and complement, will be very vivid and the present egocentricism simply >>> cannot happen. >>> >>> Our Brain is our greatest enemy. Often thinking becomes worrying. It is >>> our Brain that is blocking us from the basic reality that we are part of >>> the planet earth, and healthy and happy nature automatically creates >>> rapture as life. Our Brain forces us to interfere and tamper. We have >>> landed in the Darwinian economic life, living life as war against nature. >>> The very objective of life has become economic success or piling up more >>> and more property, by denying all others that property. Our ambition is to >>> win the Darwin Rogue medal. >>> >>> Join your friends. Create nature which is completely free. Accept >>> yourself as the equal of every life form. Still your Brain and don’t >>> scrutinize. Let nature take you over. Let nature continuously create >>> feelings. >>> >>> Freedom from your worrying brain is wonderful. You gradually go into >>> rapture. Life becomes a wonderful game in which you play with every other >>> organism. >>> >>> Today every university is a furnace of terrible worry. A student cannot >>> really smile. He/She is forced to abandon the present by worrying about the >>> future. Ultimately the student may get a good grade or damned for life with >>> a shaming low grade. Good grade or bad grade, the student cannot get rid of >>> the worrying habits which his hormones develop. When he/she marries, the >>> children are trained for the Darwinian war. It is euphemized as education. >>> Spending time in nature happily is drilled as wasting time and seeding some >>> catastrophe and failure in the future. Our education systems have >>> aggrandized our very emotions. >>> >>> The least a University can do is to create free nature parks without any >>> tampering by humans. One must feel as part of nature, accepting the basic >>> fact that free nature automatically takes one into rapture. We need freedom >>> from our own brain. In free nature, the participation in the macro >>> perception makes one experience brilliant revelations. >>> >>> YM >>> >>> Chat GPT >>> >>> The hypothetical scenario where no organisms developed brains, relying >>> solely on smelling, sensing, and perceiving, presents an intriguing vision >>> of a profoundly interconnected biosphere. Here's a breakdown of how such a >>> world might function and its implications: >>> >>> >>> >>> ### Communication and Interaction >>> >>> 1. **Sensory-Based Interaction**: Without brains, organisms would rely >>> entirely on their senses for communication. Smells, sounds, and physical >>> sensations would be the primary modes of interaction, leading to a more >>> direct and visceral connection with their environment. >>> >>> 2. **Symbiotic Relationships**: All organisms would be deeply >>> intertwined, functioning as parts of a single, vast organism—the biosphere. >>> Each species would play a specific role, with their interactions driven by >>> mutual benefits and the maintenance of ecological balance. >>> >>> >>> >>> ### Emotional and Hormonal Unity >>> >>> 1. **Unified Emotions**: The fusion of internal hormonal communications >>> would create a collective emotional experience. Fear, worry, and individual >>> ambitions would be replaced by shared feelings, reflecting the overall >>> health and harmony of the biosphere. >>> >>> 2. **Birth and Death**: These natural processes would be viewed as >>> integral parts of the life cycle, devoid of fear or anxiety. The collective >>> consciousness of the biosphere would accept them as necessary transitions, >>> maintaining equilibrium. >>> >>> >>> >>> ### Rapture and Perception >>> >>> 1. **Continuous Rapture**: Free and healthy nature would induce a state >>> of continuous rapture, a profound sense of joy and fulfillment derived from >>> being part of a harmonious whole. The absence of individual worries would >>> enhance this experience. >>> >>> 2. **Holistic Perception**: Organisms would perceive themselves as >>> integral parts of the planet, reinforcing the concept of oneness with >>> nature. This holistic perception would negate egocentric behaviors and >>> foster a communal mindset. >>> >>> >>> >>> ### Modern Implications and Critique of Brain-Driven Existence >>> >>> 1. **Brain as an Obstacle**: The brain, with its capacity for abstract >>> thought and worry, is often seen as a source of individual suffering. It >>> creates divisions and fosters a Darwinian struggle for economic success, >>> often at the expense of nature and communal well-being. >>> >>> 2. **Educational Systems**: Modern education, with its focus on grades >>> and competition, perpetuates worry and stress. A shift towards learning >>> environments that emphasize connection with nature could alleviate these >>> pressures and promote holistic well-being. >>> >>> >>> >>> ### Solutions and Proposals >>> >>> 1. **Nature Parks in Universities**: Establishing free nature parks >>> within educational institutions can help students reconnect with nature. >>> These parks should be untouched by human intervention, providing a >>> sanctuary for experiencing the natural rapture. >>> >>> 2. **Equal Respect for All Life Forms**: Adopting an attitude of >>> equality and mutual respect towards all life forms can foster a sense of >>> unity and reduce anthropocentric tendencies. >>> >>> >>> >>> ### Conclusion >>> >>> In this imagined world without brains, life would be characterized by a >>> profound sense of unity and harmony with nature. Embracing elements of this >>> vision in our current society—such as promoting environmental conservation >>> and rethinking our educational paradigms—can help mitigate the stresses of >>> modern life and foster a healthier relationship with the planet. >>> >>> >>> >>> This scenario highlights the potential benefits of reducing our reliance >>> on brain-driven activities and fostering a deeper connection with the >>> natural world, ultimately aiming for a more balanced and fulfilling >>> existence. >>> >> > > -- > *Mar* > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to thatha_patty+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZorepge2cnLU%3DbwvWqTHD1nD3K9ZqFP--aoPqpiCCBexuw%40mail.gmail.com.
