> Here is the scenario: A child is playing with a toy and throws it. The
> parent reacts by taking the toy away.

The removal of a positive stimulus is called punishment.

Punishment causes complex behaviors.  It may cause the temporary suppression
of a behavior.  Throwing in the future may increase to maintain an average
response rate over time.

Time out is that period of time when a stimulus is not present.
The presentation of a stimulus after time out results in stronger value for
the stimulus.

Negative reinforcement is the withdrawal of a negative stimulus after a
correct behavior.

Classical conditioning:
 CS                US
UR       CR
Parent - removal of toy - discrepancies in the stimulus complex, anxiety,
anxiety



Parent is now a negative stimulus, if  toy throwing is reduced parents will
leave, therefore not throwing is negatively reinforced.




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