Good point, Stephen. My take on William James is that he was _part_
right. Although somatic changes don't seem necessary for the
experience of emotion (sorry, James), and although there's no
one-to-one match between somatic change and emotion (sorry, James), it
_is_ possible for a emotion to be _intensified_ by somatic changes
(Schachter & Singer and all that). In fact, it seems likely to me
that somatic changes and emotions intensify each other bidirectionally
--a vicious cycle that's prevented by propranolol and other beta-
blockers.
Er, just call me Dr. Anecdote.
--David Epstein
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
